Patent Application
20190105947
The present disclosure relates to a tire in which a tire frame member is formed of a resin material.
It has been proposed to use a thermoplastic resin, a thermoplastic elastomer or the like as a tire material because of ease of weight reduction and recycling. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2011-042235 discloses a pneumatic tire in which a tire frame member is molded using a thermoplastic polymer material.
In the tire, a belt layer having high rigidity including a cord extending in a circumferential direction is provided on an outer circumferential side of the tire frame member.
In the tire, a width of the belt layer affects a wear performance of the tire. Since the belt layer has high rigidity, an outer portion of the belt layer in a tire width direction on the outer circumferential portion of the tire, that is, the vicinity of a shoulder portion, protrudes outwardly in a tire diameter direction, and a wear in the vicinity of the shoulder portion tends to progress. In addition, when members are used to suppress the protrusion, the number of members constituting the tire is increased, which leads to an increase in the number of manufacturing processes and an increase in weight of the tire.
The present disclosure has been made in view of the above facts, and aims to suppress a progress of wear in the vicinity of a shoulder portion in a tire having a belt on an outer circumferential portion of a tire frame member formed of a resin material.
A tire according to a first aspect includes: a tire frame member formed of a resin material spanning between one bead portion and the other bead portion; a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the tire frame member in a tire diameter direction; and a tread disposed on an outer side of the belt layer in the tire diameter direction, wherein, in an outer contour of the tire, as viewed in a cross section along a tire rotation axis, a small arc portion that has a radius of curvature R2 smaller than a radius of curvature R1 of a tire equatorial plane side of the tread, and that is convex toward an outer side of the tire, is provided on an outer side in a tire width direction from a ground end of the tread, and wherein, in the outer contour of the tire, as viewed in the cross section along the tire rotation axis, a ground angle θ of a tangent line of the small arc portion at a height of 80% of a tire cross section height SH with respect to a tire axial direction is set within a range of from 47° to 52°.
As described above, the tire of the present disclosure has an excellent effect that, in the tire having the belt on the outer circumferential portion of the tire frame member formed of the resin material, it is possible to suppress the progress of wear in the vicinity of the shoulder portion.
A tire 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
(Tire Frame Member)
The tire frame member 12 is formed of a resin material and is made to be annular by bonding a pair of tire pieces 12A in a tire axial direction on a tire equatorial plane CL. Further, the tire frame member 12 may be formed by bonding three or more tire pieces 12A.
As the resin material configuring the tire frame member 12, a thermoplastic resin having the same elasticity as a rubber, a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), a thermosetting resin, and the like can be used. Considering the elasticity at the time of driving and formability at the time of manufacturing, it is preferable to use the thermoplastic elastomer. Further, all of the tire frame member 12 may be formed of the resin material, or only a part thereof may be formed of the resin material.
Examples of the thermoplastic elastomer can include a polyolefin type thermoplastic elastomer (TPO), a polystyrene type thermoplastic elastomer (TPS), a polyamide type thermoplastic elastomer (TPA), a polyurethane type thermoplastic elastomer (TPU), a polyester type thermoplastic elastomer (TPC), a dynamic crosslinking thermoplastic elastomer (TPV), and the like.
In addition, examples of the thermoplastic resin can include a polyurethane resin, a polyolefin resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polyamide resin, and the like. In addition, the thermoplastic materials, for example, having a deflection temperature under load (at 0.45 MPa load) defined in ISO 75-2 or ASTM D648 of 78° C. or more, a tensile yield strength defined in JIS K7113 of 10 MPa or more, a tensile elongation at break (JIS K7113) defined in JIS K7113 of 50% or more, and a Vicat softening temperature (method A) defined in JIS K7206 of 130° C. or more can be used.
In the tire frame member 12, a bead core 24 is buried in an inner end portion in the tire diameter direction. As a material constituting the bead core 24, a metal, an organic fiber, an organic fiber coated with a resin, a hard resin, or the like can be used. Further, in the tire frame member 12, the vicinity of the bead core 24 is formed to be thick so that the bending rigidity becomes higher than other portions. Further, if there is no problem in fitting the tire with a rim 25, the bead core 24 may be omitted.
A resin bonding member 26 is provided on the tire equatorial plane CL between the pair of tire pieces 12A of the tire frame member 12 and the other tire piece 12A of the tire frame member 12. The pair of tire pieces 12A are welded and bonded to each other through the bonding member 26.
Further, as the resin used for the bonding member 26, the same or different thermoplastic material as the tire piece 12A can be used. In addition, the tire pieces 12A can be bonded by a welding agent, an adhesive agent, or the like without using the bonding member 26.
(Belt Layer)
The belt layer 16 is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the tire frame member 12. When a width dimension of the belt layer 16 measured along the tire axial direction is BW and a ground width dimension measured of the top tread 22 along the tire axial direction is TW, the width dimension BW of the belt layer 16 is set within a range of from 85% to 105% of the ground width dimension TW of the top tread 22.
As illustrated in
For the cord 32, a non-extensible cord can be used. Herein, the non-extensible cord means a cord in which the total extension amount until breaking is small, for example, an elongation at the time of breaking is less than 4%. “Elongation at the time of breaking” means a value calculated from a result obtained by performing a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241.
In the cord 32 of the present embodiment, a steel cord is used as the non-extensible cord, but a cord other than steel such as an aromatic polyamide cord may be used.
As the resin 34 covering the cord 32, the same or different thermoplastic material as the tire piece 12A can be used. Further, the tire frame member 12 and the resin 34 of the belt layer 16 are welded to each other.
As shown in
(Frame Member Reinforcing Layer)
A frame member reinforcing layer 36 is disposed on a tire outer side surface side of the tire frame member 12. The frame member reinforcing layer 36 extends along an outer surface of the tire frame member 12 from an inner side of the bead core 24 in the tire diameter direction to an outer side in the tire diameter direction and further extends beyond the tire equatorial plane CL to an inner side of an opposite of the side bead core 24 (not shown) in the tire diameter direction.
The frame member reinforcing layer 36 includes a plurality of reinforcing cords (not shown) covered with a rubber (not shown). The reinforcing cords of the frame member reinforcing layer 36 are monofilaments (single wire) of an organic fiber or multifilaments (stranded wire) twisted with the organic fiber, and each extend in a radial direction and are arranged in parallel in the tire circumferential direction. Further, the reinforcing cord of the frame member reinforcing layer 36 may be inclined at an angle of 10° or less with respect to the tire diameter direction when viewed from a side of the tire.
In the frame member reinforcing layer 36 of the present embodiment is formed by attaching one ply in which the plurality of reinforcing cords arranged in parallel to one another are covered with the rubber (unvulcanized) to the outer circumferential surface of the molded tire frame member 12.
As the reinforcing cord of the frame member reinforcing layer 14, for example, a polyester cord, a nylon cord, a PET cord, an aromatic polyamide cord, or the like can be used. Further, as a material of the reinforcing cord of the frame member reinforcing layer 14, a metal such as steel may be used. Further, the reinforcing cord of the frame member reinforcing layer 14 may be covered with a resin instead of the rubber.
(Side Tread)
A pair of side treads 20 is provided on an outer surface of the frame member reinforcing layer 36. As the side tread 20, it is possible to use the same kind as the rubber used for a side wall of the conventional rubber pneumatic tire.
Further, an end portion 20A of an inner side of the side tread 20 in the tire radial direction extends to the inner side of the bead core 24 in the tire diameter direction. In addition, an end portion 20B of the side tread 20 in the tire radial direction outer side is located in a shoulder portion 42.
(Top Tread)
A top tread 22 as a tread is disposed on the outer side of the frame member reinforcing layer 14 in the tire radial direction. The top tread 22 is formed of a rubber having better wear resistance than the resin material forming the tire frame member 12 and the same kind as the tread rubber used for the conventional rubber pneumatic tire can be used. Further, in a tread surface of the top tread 22, a circumferential groove 38 extending in the tire circumferential direction for drainage and a lug groove 40 extending in the tire width direction are formed.
The lug groove 40 extends beyond the ground end 22E toward the outside in the tire width direction and terminates near an outer end portion of a tire side portion 44 in the tire diameter direction. It is preferable that a pattern end height dimension PEH of an end 40E of the lug groove 40 in the tire width direction is within the range of from 23% to 30% of a tire cross section height SH. Further, the pattern end height dimension PEH is a height dimension obtained by measuring inwardly in the tire diameter direction from an imaginary line FL parallel to the tire rotation axis to an end 40E in the tire width direction passing through a point at which the ground surface of the top tread 22 and the tire equatorial plane CL intersect with each other.
The tire 10 of the present embodiment is manufactured by disposing the belt layer 16 and the frame member reinforcing layer 36 on the outer surface of the tire frame member 12 which has been molded in advance, obtaining a green tire in which the unvulcanized rubber which later becomes the side tread 20 and the top tread 22 is disposed on an outer surface of the green tire, loading the green tire into a vulcanization mold, and vulcanizing and molding the green tire. Further, as the frame member reinforcing layer 14 disposed on the outer surface of the tire frame member 12, the reinforcing cord covered with the unvulcanized rubber is used.
Further, in the tire 10 of the present embodiment, the ground surface of the top tread 22 refers to a region between one ground end 22E of the top tread 22 and the other ground end 22E of the top tread 22.
The shoulder portion 42 of the tire 10 of the present embodiment is between a position P1 of a height of 80% of the tire cross section height SH from a reference line BL measuring the tire cross section height SH (the line passing through a bead heel and parallel to the tire rotation axis) toward the outside in the tire diameter direction and the ground end 22E.
The tire side portion 44 of the tire 10 of the present embodiment is between a position P2 of the 20% of the tire cross section height SH from the reference line BL measuring the tire cross section height SH toward the outside in the tire diameter direction and the position P1.
Further, in the tire side portion 44, it is preferable that a tire diameter direction height SWH of a tire maximum width position P3 measured from the reference line BL toward the outside in the tire diameter direction is set to be within the range of from 40% to 45% of the tire cross section height SH.
Further, the bead portion 46 of the tire 10 of the present embodiment refers to an inner side portion in the tire diameter direction from the position P2 of 20% of the tire cross section height SH.
When the tire 10 is viewed in a cross section along the tire rotation axis, an outer contour of the top tread 22 is an arc shape which is convex toward the outer side of the tire and a radius of curvature (average value) on the tire equatorial plane CL side is set to R1.
An outer contour of the shoulder portion 42, which is the side of the ground end 22E of the top tread 22, has a small arc portion 43 which is convex toward the outer side of the, tire and a radius of curvature R2 of the arc portion is smaller than the radius of curvature R1 on the tire equatorial plane CL side of the top tread 22.
An outer contour of the tire side portion 44 is an arc shape which is convex toward the outer side of the tire, a radius of curvature (average value) of an outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction of the outer side of the tire maximum width position P3 in the tire diameter direction is set to R3, and a radius of curvature (average value) of an inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction of the inside of the tire maximum width position P3 in the tire diameter direction is set to R4 which is smaller than the radius of curvature (average value) R3 of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction.
Further, the tire maximum width position P3 is the maximum width of the tire 10 at the regular internal pressure filling and no load, which is the maximum width at a side outer contour not including a rim guard, a convex character and the like.
In addition, the radius of curvature R2 of the above-described shoulder portion 42 is set to be smaller than the radius of curvature R3 of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and the radius of curvature R4 of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction. In addition, in the tire 10 of the present embodiment, a ground angle θ is set within the range of from 47° to 52°. The ground angle θ in the present embodiment means an inclined angle of a tangent line SL of the outer contour of the small arc portion 43 of the shoulder portion 42 with respect to the tire axial direction at the position P1 of 80% of the tire cross section height SH at the side portion of the tire 10.
Further, the bead portion 46 has an arc shape which is convex toward the inside of the tire, and a radius of curvature of the bead portion 46 is set to R5. In addition, the bead heel portion 46A of the bead portion 46 has an arc shape which is convex toward the outer side of the tire, and a radius of curvature of the bead heel portion 46A is set to R6. Both of the radius of curvature R5 and the radius of curvature R6 are smaller than the radius of curvature R2 of the shoulder portion 42.
(Action and Effect)
In the tire 10 of the present embodiment, since the belt layer 16 having high rigidity is provided between the tire frame member 12 formed of the resin material and the top tread 22 formed of a rubber, in other words, on the outer circumferential portion of the tire frame member 12, the tire frame member 12 is pressed inwardly in the tire diameter direction by a hoop effect of the belt layer 16 at a portion where the belt layer 16 is provided, and the protrusion of the outer side of the top tread 22 in the tire diameter direction can be suppressed.
On the other hand, in the outer circumferential portion of the tire frame member 12, the portion where the belt layer 16 is not provided, in other words, in the shoulder portion 42, since there is no hoop effect for pressing the tire frame member 12 toward the inside in the tire diameter direction, the portion in which the belt layer 16 is not provided tends to protrude to the outside in the tire diameter direction comparing to a portion in which the belt layer 16 is provided.
However, in the tire 10 of the present embodiment, since the radius of curvature of the shoulder portion 42 is small and the ground angle θ is within the range of from 47° to 52°, the inclined angle of the outer contour of the shoulder portion 42 from the ground end 22E toward the tire side portion 44 with respect to the tire rotational axial relatively rapidly increases. Therefore, even if the shoulder portion 42 protrudes to the outside in the tire diameter direction, it is difficult to ground the road surface. As a result, dragging of the shoulder portion 42 against the road surface is suppressed, and the progress of wear of the shoulder portion 42 is effectively suppressed.
In the tire 10 of the present embodiment, by simply setting the outer contour shape to an appropriate shape, the progress of wear of the shoulder portion 42 can be suppressed without increasing the number of members constituting the tire 10, increasing the number of manufacturing processes, or increasing the weight.
Further, in a case in which the ground angle θ is less than 47°, when the tire 10 rotates and the shoulder portion 42 protrudes, the shoulder portion 42 easily grounds the road surface, and the effect of suppressing the progress of wear of the shoulder portion 42 decreases. On the other hand, when the ground angle θ exceeds 52°, a connection between the outer contour of the shoulder portion 42 and the outer contour of the tire side portion 44 deteriorates. In other words, with an inflection point at a boundary between the outer contour of the shoulder portion 42 and the outer contour of the tire side portion 44 as a boundary, an angle difference between a direction of the outer contour of the shoulder portion 42 and a direction of the outer contour of the tire side portion 44 is increased so that a large depression is generated at the inflection point and stress concentrates at the inflection point.
Here, if the radius of curvature R2 of the outer contour of the tire of the shoulder portion 42 is simply reduced under the condition that the ground width dimension TW and the tire maximum width Wmax are determined in the tire 10, an interval between the bead portions 46 continuing to the inner side in the tire diameter direction via the tire side portion 44 is narrowed so that the tire 10 cannot be correctly mounted on the rim 25 having a prescribed width in some cases. However, in the tire 10 of the present embodiment, by setting the radius of curvature of the outer contour of the tire of the tire side portion 44 (the radius of curvature R3 of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and the radius of curvature R4 of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction) located in the inner side of the shoulder portion 42 in the tire diameter direction to be larger, even if the radius of curvature R2 of the outer contour of the tire of the shoulder portion 42 is reduced, the interval between the bead portions 46 can be prevented from narrowing, and the tire 10 can be properly mounted on the rim 25 having a prescribed width.
By setting the radius of curvature R3 of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction to be relatively large and the radius of curvature R4 of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction to be relatively small in the tire side portion 44, under the condition that the ground width dimension TW of the tire 10, the tire maximum width Wmax, and a rim width of the rim 25 are set to predetermined values corresponding to the tire size, an outer contour having an arc shape of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and an outer contour having an arc shape of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction can be smoothly connected to each other, in other words, the outer contour having the arc shape of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and the outer contour having the arc shape of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction can be connected to each other without passing through inflection points.
By setting the tire diameter direction height SWH of the tire maximum width position P3 to be within the range of from 40% to 45% of the tire cross section height SH, under the condition that the ground width dimension TW of the tire 10, the tire maximum width Wmax, and the rim width of the rim 25 are set to predetermined values corresponding to the tire size, the outer contour having the arc shape of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and the outer contour having the arc shape of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction can be smoothly connected to each other, in other words, the outer contour having the arc shape of the outer portion 44A in the tire diameter direction and the outer contour having the arc shape of the inner portion 44B in the tire diameter direction can be connected to each other without passing through the inflection points.
Further, in the tire 10 of the present embodiment, a pattern end height dimension PEH of the end 40E of the lug groove 40 in the tire width direction is set to 23% to 30% of the cross section width SH of the tire. At the time of cornering, since the lug grooves 40 extending to the shoulder portion 42 beyond the ground end 22E can be grounded to the road surface and the lug grooves 40 can be hooked on the road surface, it is possible to improve traction property during cornering.
(Test Example)
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the tire of the example to which the present invention was applied and the tire of the comparative example were prototyped and a wear test was carried out.
Wear Test: Wear resistance (wear life) and wear appearance (presence or absence of uneven wear) were confirmed by an actual vehicle test
Internal Pressure: Vehicle Specification Condition
Load: Vehicle Setting Load
Test Method: After running a certain distance under conditions simulating each market, measure the wear amount and wear appearance.
The specifications of the tire used for the test are described below.
The tire used for the test was different only in the shape of the outer contour, and the constituent members are all the same specification (same as the above embodiment).
Tire Size: 225/40R18
Size of Rim 7.5 J
Internal Pressure: 250 kPa
Ground Width 180 mm
Tire Maximum Width 228 mm
The results of the test are described in Table 1 below.
From the test results, it can be seen that the tires 2 to 4 having the ground angle θ within the range of from 47° to 52° are excellent in wear resistance in the vicinity of the shoulder of the tread.
Hereinabove, although the embodiment of the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention in addition to the above embodiment.
Further, in the tire 10 of the above embodiment, the tire side portion 44 is not provided with the rim guard, but as shown in
Although the tire 10 of the above embodiment is for passenger vehicles, the present invention is also applicable to tires other than the passenger vehicles.
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-086227 filed on Apr. 22, 2016 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
All documents, patent applications, and technical standards mentioned in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as a case in which individual documents, patent applications, and technical standards are specifically and individually indicated to be hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-086227 | Apr 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2017/015948 | 4/20/2017 | WO | 00 |
