Patent Application
20150321521
The present invention relates to a tire that suppresses a temperature increase of a tire due to running.
Conventionally, in a pneumatic tire (hereinafter, a tire) mounted on a vehicle, various methods have been used to suppress a temperature increase of a tire due to vehicle running. Particularly, a temperature increase is remarkable in a heavy-duty tire for a truck, bus, construction vehicle and the like.
Thus, for example, a tire having a number of fin-shaped protrusions in a sidewall portion (see PTL 1, for example) has been known. In such a tire, when a tire rolls on a road surface, a fin-shaped protrusions causes turbulence in an airflow passing through a sidewall surface, the turbulence accelerates heat radiation from a tire, and a temperature increase of a sidewall portion is suppressed.
However, the conventional tire described above has a point to be improved. That is, there are limitations to effective suppression of a temperature increase in a tread portion only by a protrusion in a side wall portion.
[Patent Literature 1]: JP 2009-160994 A (pages 4 to 5, and FIG. 2)
The feature of the present invention is summarized as a tire (tire 1) in which a groove portion (circumferential groove 50B) extending in a tire circumferential direction (tire circumferential direction tcd) is formed in a tread portion (tread portion 5), wherein: in a groove bottom (groove bottom 50B2) of the groove portion, a plurality of protrusion portions (protrusion portion 500) are provided, the protrusion portions extend from one sidewall (sidewall 50B1) forming the groove portion toward the other sidewall (sidewall 50B3) opposed to the one sidewall, the protrusion portions are provided at predetermined interval in the groove portion, when a length of the protrusion along a groove center line (groove center line WL) passing through a center in a width direction of the groove portion is L, and the predetermined interval is P in a tread surface view of the tire, a relationship of 0.75 L≦P≦10 L is satisfied, a buttress portion (buttress portion 9) extending inward in a tire radial direction (tire radial direction trd) from a tread end portion (tread end portion 5e), which is an outer end of the tread portion in a tread width direction (tread width direction twd), and continued to a side wall portion (side wall portion 7), a lateral groove portion (lug groove 60) is configured to include an opening portion (opening portion 60a) in the buttress portion and to extend from the groove portion to the buttress portion, the lateral groove portion extending while being inclined in the tread width direction in the tread surface view of the tire, and an inclination angle (inclination angle φ) of the lateral groove portion with respect to the tread width direction being not less than 15 degrees and not more than 60 degrees.
a) to 5(c) are enlarged plan views of a recessed portion 300 in the tread surface view.
a) is a view showing a shape of the circumferential groove 50B in the tread plan view, and
a) to 20(g) are views showing variations of a cross-sectional shape of a protrusion portion 500.
An example of a tire according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. More specifically, (1) a schematic configuration of a tire 1, (2) a schematic configuration of an air supply mechanism, (3) a schematic configuration of a recessed portion 300, (4) a schematic configuration of a protrusion portion 500, (5) operations and effects, (6) comparative evaluation, and (7) other embodiments will be described.
In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar constituent elements are designated by the same or similar reference numerals. It is to be noted that the drawings are schematic and the dimensions or ratios are different from actual values. Accordingly, specific dimensions and the like should be determined by taking the following description into consideration. Needless to say, a relationship or a ratio of mutual dimensions may differ among the drawings.
A schematic configuration of a tire 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to
The tire 1 is assembled on a rim which is a normal rim. The tire 1 has a normal inner pressure, and a normal load is applied to the tire 1. The rim is provided with a rim flange. The rim flange supports a bead portion 3 in the tread width direction twd.
In the present embodiment, for the convenience of description, the tire 1 is vehicle apparatus time so as to rotate in a rotational direction tr1 when the vehicle moves forward. The rotational direction when the tire 1 is mounted on the vehicle is not specified.
The “normal rim” means a standard rim having an approved size defined in 2008 JATMA (Japan Automobile Tyre Manufactures Association) Year Book. In other countries than Japan, the “normal rim” means a standard rim having an approved size described in the below-mentioned standard.
The “normal inner pressure” means an air pressure specified in a tire inner pressure measuring method in 2008 JATMA Year Book (pp. 0-3 and p. 5). In other countries than Japan, the “normal inner pressure” means an air pressure corresponding to the air pressure in the measurement of a tire dimension, described in the below-mentioned standard.
The “normal load” means a load corresponding to a maximum load capacity in the application of a single wheel in 2008 JATMA Year Book. In other countries than Japan, the “normal load” means a maximum load (maximum load capacity) in an approved size described in the below-mentioned standard.
The standards are determined by industrial standards valid in districts where a tire is manufactured or used. For instance, it is “Year Book of the Tire and Rim Association Inc.” in U.S.A., and “Standards Manual of the European Tire and Rim Technical Organization” in Europe.
As shown in
The bead portion 3 has a bead core 10. The bead portion 3 is in contact with a rim.
The tread portion 5 has a tread surface 5a which is in contact with a road surface. The tread portion 5 has a tread end portion 5e which is an outer end of the tread portion 5 in the tread width direction twd. The tread portion 5 has a tread pattern which is point symmetrical with respect to a point on a tire equator line CL as the center.
The side wall portion 7 configures a side surface of the tire 1. The side wall portion 7 is located between the bead portion 3 and the buttress portion 9. The side wall portion 7 connects the bead portion 3 and the tread portion 5 via the buttress portion 9.
The buttress portion 9 extends inside in the tire radial direction trd from the tread end portion 5e which is an outer end of the tread portion 5 in the tread width direction twd. The buttress portion 9 is continued to the side wall portion 7. The buttress portion 9 is located between the tread portion 5 and the side wall portion 7.
An inside position in the tire radial direction trd of the buttress portion 9 is equivalent to the innermost position in the tire radial direction trd of an opening position in the tread end portion 5e of a below-mentioned lateral groove (lug groove 60). The buttress portion 9 is a portion not in contact with the ground during normal running.
As shown in
More specifically, the tire 1 satisfies DC/OD≧0.015 when a tire outer diameter is OD, and the rubber gauge of the tread portion 5 at the position of the tire equator line CL is DC.
The tire outer diameter OD (unit: mm) is a diameter of the tire 1 at a portion (generally, the tread portion 5 near the tire equator line CL) where the outer diameter of the tire 1 is maximum. The rubber gauge DC (unit: mm) is the rubber thickness of the tread portion 5 at the position of the tire equator line CL. The rubber gauge DC does not include a thickness of a belt layer 30. As shown in
As shown in
The bead core 10 is provided in the bead portion 3. The bead core 10 is configured of a bead wire (not shown).
The carcass layer 20 configures a framework of the tire 1. The carcass layer 20 is formed throughout from the tread portion 5 to the bead portion 3 through the buttress portion 9 and the side wall portion 7.
The carcass layer 20 extends across the pair of the bead cores 10 and has a toroidal shape. The carcass layer 20 surrounds the bead core 10 in the present embodiment. The carcass layer 20 is in contact with the bead core 10. Both ends of the carcass layer 20 in the tread width direction twd are supported by a pair of the bead portions 3.
The carcass layer 20 has a carcass cord extending in a predetermined direction in a tread surface view. In the present embodiment, the carcass cord extends along the tread width direction twd. A steel wire is used as the carcass cord, for example.
The belt layer 30 is disposed in the tread portion 5. The belt layer 30 is located outside the carcass layer 20 in the tire radial direction trd. The belt layer 30 extends in a tire circumferential direction. The belt layer 30 has a belt cord extending while being inclined with respect to a predetermined direction as a direction in which the carcass cord extends. A steel cord is used as the belt cord, for example.
The plurality of the belt layers 30 include a first belt layer 31, a second belt layer 32, a third belt layer 33, a fourth belt layer 34, a fifth belt layer 35, and a sixth belt layer 36.
The first belt layer 31 is located outside the carcass layer 20 in the tire radial direction trd. The first belt layer 31 is located at the innermost position in the tire radial direction trd among the plurality of belt layers 30. The second belt layer 32 is located outside the first belt layer 31 in the tire radial direction trd. The third belt layer 33 is located outside the second belt layer 32 in the tire radial direction trd. The fourth belt layer 34 is located outside the third belt layer 33 in the tire radial direction trd. The fifth belt layer 35 is located outside the fourth belt layer 34 in the tire radial direction trd. The sixth belt layer 36 is located outside the fifth belt layer 35 in the tire radial direction trd. The sixth belt layer 36 is located at the outermost position in the tire radial direction trd among the plurality of belt layers 30. The first belt layer 31, the second belt layer 32, the third belt layer 33, the fourth belt layer 34, the fifth belt layer 35, and the sixth belt layer 36 are arranged in this order from inside to outside in the tire radial direction trd.
In the present embodiment, in the tread width direction twd, each width of the first belt layer 31 and the second belt layer 32 is not less than 25% and not more than 70% of a width TW of the tread surface 5a. In the tread width direction twd, each width of the third belt layer 33 and the fourth belt layer 34 is not less than 55% and not more than 90% of the width TW of the tread surface 5a. In the tread width direction twd, each width of the fifth belt layer 35 and the sixth belt layer 36 is not less than 60% and not more than 110% of the width TW of the tread surface 5a.
In the present embodiment, in the tread width direction twd, the width of the fifth belt layer 35 is wider than the width of the third belt layer 33, the width of the third belt layer 33 is not less than the width of the sixth belt layer 36, the width of the sixth belt layer 36 is wider than the width of the fourth belt layer 34, the width of the fourth belt layer 34 is wider than the width of the first belt layer 31, and the width of the first belt layer 31 is wider than the width of the second belt layer 32. In the tread width direction twd, among the plurality of belt layers 30, the width of the fifth belt layer 35 is largest, and the width of the second belt layer 32 is smallest. Accordingly, the plurality of belt layers 30 include a shortest belt layer (that is, the second belt layer 32) having the shortest length in the tread width direction twd.
The second belt layer 32 which is the shortest belt layer has a belt end 30e which is an end in the tread width direction twd.
In the present embodiment, in the tread surface view, each inclination angle of belt cords of the first belt layer 31 and the second belt layer 32 with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 70 degrees and not more than 85 degrees. Each inclination angle of belt cords of the third belt layer 33 and the fourth belt layer 34 with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 50 degrees and not more than 75 degrees. Each inclination angle of the fifth belt layer 35 and the sixth belt layer 36 with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 50 degrees and not more than 70 degrees.
The plurality of belt layers 30 includes an inner crossing belt group 30A, an intermediate crossing belt group 30B, and an outer crossing belt group 30C.
The inner crossing belt group 30A is configured of a set of the belt layers 30 and located outside the carcass layer 20 in the tire radial direction trd. The inner crossing belt group 30A is configured of the first belt layer 31 and the second belt layer 32. The intermediate crossing belt group 30B is configured of another set of the belt layers 30 and located outside the inner crossing belt group 30A in the tire radial direction trd. The intermediate crossing belt group 30B is configured of the third belt layer 33 and the fourth belt layer 34. The outer crossing belt group 30C is configured of still another set of the belt layers 30 and located outside the intermediate crossing belt group 30B in the tire radial direction trd. The outer crossing belt group 30C is configured of the fifth belt layer 35 and the sixth belt layer 36.
In the tread width direction twd, the width of the inner crossing belt group 30A is not less than 25% and not more than 70% of the tread surface 5a. In the tread width direction twd, the width of the intermediate crossing belt group 30B is not less than 55% and not more than 90% of the width TW of the tread surface 5a. In the tread width direction twd, the width of the outer crossing belt group 30C is not less than 60% and not more than 110% of the width TW of the tread surface 5a.
In the tread surface view, the inclination angle of a belt cord of the inner crossing belt group 30A with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 70 degrees and not more than 85 degrees. In the tread surface view, the inclination angle of a belt cord of the intermediate crossing belt group 30B with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 50 degrees and not more than 75 degrees. In the tread surface view, the inclination angle of a belt cord of the outer crossing belt group 30C with respect to the carcass cord is not less than 50 degrees and not more than 70 degrees.
In the tread surface view, the inclination angle of the belt cord of the inner crossing belt group 30A with respect to the carcass cord is largest. The inclination angle of the belt cord of the intermediate crossing belt group 30B with respect to the carcass cord is not less than the inclination angle of the belt cord of the outer crossing belt group 30C with respect to the carcass cord.
As shown in
The plurality of circumferential grooves 50 extend along the tire circumferential direction tcd. The plurality of circumferential grooves 50 include circumferential grooves 50A, 50B, and 50C.
The circumferential groove 50A is a circumferential groove located on the outermost side in the tread width direction twd. The circumferential groove 50C is located on the tire equator line CL.
The circumferential groove 50B is located between the circumferential groove 50A and the circumferential groove 50C in the tread width direction twd. More specifically, the circumferential groove 50B is formed so that a length DL along the tread width direction twd from the belt end 30e to a groove center line WL passing through the center in a width direction of the circumferential groove 50B in the tread surface view of the tire is not more than 200 mm.
A plurality of protrusions 500 are provided in a groove bottom 50B2 of the circumferential groove 50B, as described later. Thus, a temperature around the tread portion 5 in which the circumferential groove 50B is located is decreased. Since the length DL in the tread width direction twd from the belt end 30e to the groove center line WL is not more than 200 mm, a temperature of the belt end 30e is decreased. Consequently, since deterioration due to heat of a rubber member around the belt end 30e is suppressed, peeling due to heat generation between the second belt layer 32 and its peripheral rubber member starting from the belt end 30e is suppressed. Since the peeling of the second belt layer 32 which is the shortest belt layer most easily affected by the heat generation of the tread portion 5 can be suppressed, durability of the tire 1 may be improved.
A tread portion of a heavy duty tire mounted on trucks, buses, construction vehicles, and the like has a large rubber gauge (thickness), and a volume of rubber is large. When such a heavy duty tire repeats deformation, a temperature of the tread portion increases. In such a heavy duty tire, the tread portion 5 outside in the tread width direction twd generates more heat than the tread portion 5 near the tire equator line CL. By virtue of the provision of the plurality of protrusions 500 in the groove bottom 50B2 of the circumferential groove 50B located outer side than the tire equator line CL, heat is efficiently radiated from the tread portion 5.
The lug groove 60 extends from the circumferential groove 50B to the buttress portion 9. The lug groove 60 has an opening portion 60a in the buttress portion 9. Accordingly, the lug groove 60 opens at the tread end portion 5e. The lug groove 60 communicates with the circumferential groove 50A and the circumferential groove 50B. An inner end of the lug groove 60 in the tread width direction twd communicates with the circumferential groove 50B.
A width of the tread portion 5 from an end to the other end (the tread end portions Se) in the tread width direction is represented by TW. In the present embodiment, the ends of the tread portion 5 indicate the ends in the tread width direction twd in an placement range in such a state that the tire is in contact with a road surface. The state in which the tire is in contact with a road surface indicates a state in which the tire is mounted on a normal rim, and a normal inner pressure and a normal load are applied.
In the tread surface view of the tire 1, the lug groove 60 extends while being inclined with respect to the tread width direction twd. The inclination angle φ of the lug groove 60 with respect to the tread width direction twd is not less than 15 degrees and not more than 60 degrees.
As shown in
Meanwhile, when the tire 1 rotates in the rotational direction tr1, in the tread portion 5 on the right side of
In addition, the air flowing in the circumferential groove 50B easily flows into the lug groove 60. Since air passing through the inside of the circumferential groove 50B and thereby accumulating heat flows outside through the lug groove 60, heat radiation from the tread portion 5 is promoted.
Since the inclination angle φ is not more than 60 degrees, block rigidity of below mentioned land blocks 100 and 200 can be secured. As a result, deformation of the land blocks 100 and 200 accompanied with the rotation of the tire 1 is suppressed, and increase in a heat generation of the tread portion 5 can be suppressed.
A plurality of the circumferential land portions 70 extends along the tire circumferential direction. The circumferential land portions 70 include circumferential land portions 70A, 70B, and 70C.
The circumferential land portion 70A is a circumferential land portion located on the outermost side in the tread width direction twd. The circumferential land portion 70B is located between the circumferential land portion 70A and the circumferential land portion 70C in the tread width direction twd. The circumferential land portion 70C is a circumferential land portion located on the innermost side in the tread width direction twd.
The lug groove 60 is formed in the circumferential land portion 70A and the circumferential land portion 70B. The land blocks 100 and 200 partitioned by the lug groove 60 are provided in the tread portion 5. Namely, the land block 100 is formed by dividing the circumferential land portion 70A by the lug groove 60. The land block 200 is formed by dividing the circumferential land portion 70B by the lug groove 60.
In the present embodiment, as an example of the tire 1, a radial tire with an aspect ratio of not more than 80%, a rim diameter of not less than 57″, a maximum load rating of not less than 60 mton, and a load coefficient (k-factor) of not less than 1.7 is supposed. The tire 1 is not limited to the radial tire of the present embodiment.
A schematic configuration of an air supply mechanism according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to
The tire 1 is provided with an air supply mechanism for supplying air to a lateral groove portion (the lug groove 60). In the present embodiment, the air supply mechanism is configured of a tapered surface 100R.
As shown in
The side surface 101 is formed on the buttress portion 9 side of the land block 100. The side surface 101 extends along the tire circumferential direction tcd. The side surface 101 is continued to the lateral groove surfaces 103 and 104 of the land block 100 forming the groove wall of the lug groove 60. The side surface 102 is formed to face the side surface 101 in the tread width direction twd. The side surface 102 forms a groove wall of the circumferential groove 50A adjacent to inside in the tread width direction twd of the land block 100.
The lateral groove surface 103 extends in the tread width direction twd. The lateral groove surface 103 is located on one side of the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100. The lateral groove surface 104 extends in the tread width direction twd. The lateral groove surface 104 is located on the other side of the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100.
The tapered surface 100R extends toward the tire circumferential direction tcd at the corner portion 100A formed by the tread surface 100S and the side surface 101. The tapered surface 100R is inclined inward in the tire radial direction trd as it goes to one side of the tire circumferential direction tcd in a cross section in the tire circumferential direction tcd and the tire radial direction trd of the land block 100. The tapered surface 100R is inclined inward in the tire radial direction trd as it goes outward in the tread width direction twd in a cross section in the tread width direction twd and the tire radial direction trd of the land block 100.
Namely, the tapered surface 100R is formed so as to chamfer the top in which tread surface 100S, the side surface 101, and the lateral groove surface 103 intersect with each other. In other words, the tapered surface 100R is formed to have at least one side in each surface among the tread surface 100S, the side surface 101, and the lateral groove surface 103.
The tapered surface 100R has one side in the side surface 101 of the side surface 101 and the side surface 102 in the tread width direction twd of the land block 100 and does not have one side in the side surface 102. Namely, in the land block 100, one (the side surface 102) of the side surface 101 and the side surface 102 opposed to each other in the tread width direction twd does not intersect with the tapered surface 100R.
Further, the tapered surface 100R has one side in the lateral groove surface 103 of the lateral groove surface 103 and the lateral groove surface 104 in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100 and does not have one side in the lateral groove surface 104. Namely, in the land block 100, one (the lateral groove surface 104) of the lateral groove surface 103 and the lateral groove surface 104 opposed to each other in the tire circumferential direction tcd does not intersect with the tapered surface 100R.
As described above, by virtue of the formation of the tapered surface 100R, air flowing along the tapered surface 100R during rotation of the tire 1 easily impinges against the lateral groove surface 104 of another land block 100 adjacent in the tire circumferential direction tcd. Namely, the air flowing along the tapered surface 100R is easily taken into the lug groove 60 adjacent in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100.
In the present embodiment, the tapered surface 100R has a planar shape. Namely, the shape of the tapered surface 100R linearly extends in the cross section in the tire circumferential direction tcd and the tire radial direction trd or the cross section in the tread width direction twd and the tire radial direction trd.
As shown in
It is preferable that the tapered surface 100R is formed so that an interval L2 in the tire radial direction trd between the top P1 and the top P3 is larger than an interval L1 in the tread width direction twd between the top P1 and the top P2. This depends on the following reason. Namely, when the interval L2 is longer than the interval L1, even if wear of the land block 100 progresses from the tread surface 100S, the tapered surface 100R more easily remains. Namely, the durability of the effect of the tapered surface 100R can be improved. The interval L2 is more preferably not less than 50 mm.
In the tire 1, the land block 100 has, at the corner portion 100A formed by the tread surface 100S and the side surface 101 located outside in the tread width direction twd, the tapered surface 100R intersecting with the tread surface 100S, the side surface 101, and the lateral groove surface 103.
Thus, as shown in
When the tire 1 rotates in a rotational direction tr2, the airflow (relative wind) AR generated inside the lug groove 60 and flowing in an opposite direction to the rotational direction tr2 flows out along the tapered surface 100R due to the rotation of the tire 1. Thus, discharge of air from the lug groove 60 to outside in the tread width direction twd is promoted, and the flow rate of the air flowing inside the lug groove 60 can be increased. Consequently, the heat transfer coefficient inside the lug groove 60 is enhanced. In addition, the temperature of the tread portion 5 can be decreased.
A schematic configuration of a recessed portion 300 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to
As shown in
In the present embodiment, the recessed portion 300 has a triangular shape in a tread plan view. In the tread plan view, one wall surface 300a of the recessed portion 300 extends along an extension line of one wall surface of the lug groove 60, and the other wall surface 300b of the recessed portion 300 intersects with an extension line of the other wall surface of the lug groove 60. In the tread plan view, a point at which the groove wall surface of the circumferential land portion 70C opposed to the lug groove 60 and the extension line of one wall surface of the lug groove 60 intersect with each other is an intersect a, and a point at which the groove wall surface of the circumferential land portion 70C opposed to the lug groove 60 and the extension line of the other wall surface of the lug groove 60 intersect with each other is an intersect b. In the tread plan view, an end A of the wall surface 300a on the circumferential groove 50B side and the intersection a are located at the same position, and an end B of the wall surface 300b on the circumferential groove 50B side and the intersection b are located at different positions. The end B is not located between the intersection a and the intersection b. Accordingly, a length from the end A to the end B is larger than a length from the intersection a to the intersection b. In the tread plan view, a contact between the wall surface 300a and the wall surface 300b is a top C.
In the tread plan view, an angle formed by an extension line along the groove wall surface of the circumferential land portion 70C opposed to the lug groove 60 and the wall surface 300a is an angle α, and an angle formed by the extension line along the groove wall surface of the circumferential land portion 70C opposed to the lug groove 60 and the wall surface 300b is an angle β. In the present embodiment, the angle β is smaller than the angle α. It is preferable that 20 degrees≦α≦70 degrees and β≦45 degrees are satisfied.
The recessed portion 300 is formed so that the center of the recessed portion 300 in the extending direction of the circumferential groove 50B deviates from a lug groove center line passing through a center in the extending direction of the lug groove 60 and a direction perpendicular to the extending direction. The center of the recessed portion 300 is at least one of the center of a straight line connecting the end A and the end B and the top C.
As shown in
In the recessed portion 300, a length 300L in the tire circumferential direction tcd decreases from a side opening in the circumferential groove 50B toward the depth. Namely, in the length 300L, the distance between the end A and the end B is largest, and the length 300L decreases as it goes to the top.
As shown in
Since the airflow AR is formed in one side of the tire circumferential direction tcd by the formation of the recessed portion 300, the airflow AR is less likely to stagnate in the circumferential groove 50B. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient inside the circumferential groove 50B is enhanced, and the temperature of the tread portion 5 can be decreased.
A schematic configuration of the protrusion portion 500 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to
As shown in
In the present embodiment, the protrusions 500 are provided at predetermined intervals P in the circumferential groove 50B. The protrusion portion 500 extends from one side wall 50B1 forming the circumferential groove 50B toward the other side wall 50B3. In the present embodiment, the protrusion portion 500 continues from the one side wall 50B1 to the other side wall 50B3. Namely, the protrusion portion 500 is provided throughout the entire groove width W of the circumferential groove 50B. In the present embodiment, the side wall 50B1 and the side wall 50B3 extend substantially in parallel to the tire circumferential direction, and the side wall 50B1 and the side wall 50B3 are formed to face each other.
The protrusion portion 500 is provided upright outside in the tire radial direction from the groove bottom 50B2 of the circumferential groove 50B. In the present embodiment, the protrusion portion 500 is formed of plate-shaped rubber rising from the groove bottom 50B2 and provided to be inclined with respect to the tire circumferential direction.
More specifically, as shown in
Further, in the tread surface view of the tire 1, when a length of the protrusion portion 500 along the groove center line WL is L, and the predetermined interval is P, the protrusion portion 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B satisfies a relationship of 0.75 L≦P≦10 L.
Since the protrusion portion 500 satisfies the relationship of 0.75 L≦P, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B does not become too large, and reduction in the velocity of air flowing in the circumferential groove 50B can be suppressed. Since the protrusion portion 500 satisfies the relationship of P≦10 L, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B does not become too small, and an airflow AR1 is efficiently changed to a spiral (swirl-shaped) flow.
Further, it is preferable that a relationship of 1.25 L<P is satisfied. It is more preferable that a relationship of 1.5 L<P is satisfied, and it is still more preferable that a relationship of 2.0 L<P is satisfied. By satisfying those relationships, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B becomes more suitable. Since the area of the groove bottom 50B2 through which the airflow AR passes does not become too small, heat is efficiently radiated from the groove bottom 50B2.
The length L is a length from one end to the other end of the protrusion portion 500 in an extending direction ged of the circumferential groove 50B (the tire circumferential direction in the present embodiment). An interval P is a distance between the centers of the protrusions 500 at which the protrusions 500 and the groove center line WL intersect with each other.
When a distance from the side wall 50B1 to the side wall 50B3 of the circumferential groove 50B is the groove width W, the length L can be represented as W/tan θf+TWf/sin θf. Here, as shown in
As shown in
When the groove width of the circumferential groove 50B is W, and the width of the protrusion portion 500 in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction x of the protrusion portion 500 is TWf, a relationship of TWf/cos θf≦0.9 W is satisfied. It is preferable that the protrusion portion 500 is provided so as to satisfy a relationship of 0.2≦TWf. Since the protrusion width TWf can be secured by satisfying the relationship of 0.2≦TWf, the durability of the protrusion portion 500 is improved. Since damage to the protrusion portion 500 during use of the tire 1 can be suppressed, temperature increase of the tread portion 5 accompanied with running of a vehicle can be effectively suppressed.
The length L is in a range of from 10 mm to 100 mm, for example. The interval P is in a range of from 1.25 mm to 4.00 mm, for example. The protrusion height Hf is in a range of from 5 mm to 15 mm, for example. The protrusion width TWf is in a range of from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, for example. The depth D is in a range of from 40 mm to 120 mm, for example. The groove width W of the groove bottom 50B2 is in a range of from 5 mm to 20 mm, for example.
According to the tire 1, the plurality of protrusions 500 are provided in the groove bottom 50B2 of the circumferential groove 50B, and each of the protrusions 500 extends from one side wall 50B1 forming the circumferential groove 50B toward the other side wall 50B3 opposed to the one side wall 50B1. The protrusions 500 are provided at predetermined intervals in the circumferential groove 50B, satisfy the relationship of 0.75 L≦P≦10 L, and extend from the circumferential groove 50B to the buttress portion 9, the lug groove 60 having the opening portion 60a is formed in the buttress portion 9, the lug groove 60 extends while being inclined with respect to the tread width direction twd in the tread surface view of the tire 1, and the inclination angle of the lug groove 60 with respect to the tread width direction twd is not less than 15 degrees and not more than 60 degrees.
According to the above constitution, when the extending direction of the lug groove 60 goes in the direction the same as the rotational direction of the tire (the left lug groove 60 in the rotational direction tr1 in
The air reaching the circumferential groove 50B flows along the circumferential groove 50B. As shown in
An airflow AR2 along the side wall 50B1 on the end side of the protrusion portion 500 located near the airflow advances along the extending direction of the protrusion portion 500. Then, the airflow AR2 flows outside the circumferential groove 50B on the other side wall 50B3 side of the circumferential groove 50B. Since an air passing through the inside of the circumferential groove 50B and thereby accumulating heat flows outside, the heat radiation from the tread portion 5 is promoted.
When the extending direction of the lug groove 60 goes in an opposite direction to the rotational direction of the tire as it goes outside in the tread width direction twd (the right lug groove 60 in the rotational direction tr1 in
Further, air flowing in the circumferential groove 50B easily flows inside the lug groove 60. Since air passing through the inside of the circumferential groove 50B and thereby accumulating heat flows outside through the lug groove 60, the heat radiation from the tread portion 5 is promoted.
Since the protrusion portion 500 satisfies the relationship of 0.75 L≦P, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B does not become too large, and reduction in the velocity of the air flowing in the circumferential groove 50B can be suppressed. Since the protrusion portion 500 satisfies the relationship of P≦10 L, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B does not become too small, and the airflow AR1 is efficiently changed to a spiral (swirl-shaped) flow.
From the above results, since the tread portion 5 is synergistically cooled, the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 accompanied with running of a vehicle can be effectively suppressed.
It is preferable that the relationship of 1.25 L<P is satisfied. According to this, the number of the protrusions 500 provided in the circumferential groove 50B becomes more suitable. Since the area of the groove bottom 50B2 through which the airflow AR passes does not become too small, heat is efficiently radiated from the groove bottom 50B2.
Further, it is preferable that the angle θf formed by the extending direction of the protrusion portion 500 and the groove center line WL is not less than 10 degrees and not more than 60 degrees. When the angle θf is not less than 10 degrees, an acute-angled portion formed by the protrusion portion 500 and the side wall 50B1 (or the side wall 50B3) can suppress weakening of the airflow AR flowing in the circumferential groove 50B. In addition, the protrusion portion 500 can be easily manufactured in the circumferential groove 50B. When the angle θf is not more than 60 degrees, the airflow AR2 flowing in the circumferential groove 50B can be efficiently changed to a spiral flow. Thus, the air volume passing through the groove bottom 50B2 increases, and heat is efficiently radiated from the tread portion 5.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the relationship of 0.03 D<Hf≦0.4 D is satisfied. When the relationship of 0.03 D<Hf is satisfied, the height Hf of the protrusion portion 500 reaches not less than a predetermined height, and therefore, the airflow AR2 flowing in the circumferential groove 50B can be efficiently changed to a spiral flow. Thus, the air volume passing through the groove bottom 50B2 increases, and heat is efficiently radiated from the tread portion 5. By satisfying the relationship of Hf≦0.4 D, the airflow AR1 changed to the spiral flow easily arrives at the groove bottom 50B2. Thus, heat is efficiently radiated from the groove bottom 50B2.
The groove bottom 50B2 is flat at least in a width of 0.2 W. According to this constitution, since the airflow AR passing through the groove bottom 50B2 is not impeded, the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 can be further effectively suppressed.
It is preferable that DC/OD≧0.015 is satisfied. In a tire satisfying DC/OD≧0.015, since the tread portion 5 has a large rubber gauge, heat is easily accumulated in the tread portion 5. Thus, in the tire satisfying DC/OD≧0.015, a failure due to the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 can be suppressed by effectively suppressing the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 accompanied with running of a vehicle. In addition, since the rubber gauge of the tread portion 5 is large, a rubber member constituting the tread portion 5 is significantly deformed. Thus, in the tire satisfying DC/OD≧0.015, the failure due to the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 can be suppressed by improving the durability of the protrusion portion 500.
The protrusion portion 500 is continued from the one side wall 50B1 to the other side wall 50B3. According to this constitution, since the airflow AR1 advancing along the protrusion portion 500 can override the protrusion portion 500 near the side wall 50B3, the airflow AR1 is efficiently changed to a spiral (swirl-shaped) flow. Thus, heat is efficiently radiated from the tread portion 5.
In order to confirm the effect of the tire according to the present invention, the following measurement was performed. The invention is not limited to the following examples.
As a test tire, a tire for mine vehicles (59/80R63) was used. A protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the angle θf formed by a groove center line and the protrusion, a coefficient to be multiplied to the length L, and a coefficient to be multiplied to the groove depth D were changed, and the heat transfer coefficient in the case where the rotational speed of the tire was 20 km/h was measured. An angle of a lug groove was 45 degrees. The heat transfer coefficient in the case without protrusion was set to 100 and was compared with the measured heat transfer coefficient. The results are shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Next, in order to confirm a relationship between the inclination angle of a lug groove and the life of a tire, tires similar to the above tire were used, and the lives of the tires according to the following Comparative Examples 1 to 12 and examples 1 to 11 were measured.
As Comparative Example 1, the tire in which no protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove was used. As Comparative Example 2, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 0 degrees was used. As Comparative Example 3, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 10 degrees was used. As Comparative Example 4, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 75 degrees was used.
As Example 1, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 15 degrees was used. As Example 2, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 30 degrees was used. As Example 3, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 45 degrees was used. As Example 4, the tire in which a protrusion was provided in a circumferential groove, and the inclination angle φ of a lug groove was 60 degrees was used.
The results are shown in Table 1. As the life of a tire, the life of the tire of Comparative Example 1 was used as a reference (100), and other tires were indicated by indexes.
As shown in Table 1, in the tires of Examples 1 to 4, the lives of the tires significantly increased. In each tire of Examples 1 to 4, the inclination angle φ of the lug groove was not less than 15 degrees and not more than 60 degrees, and the flow rate of air flowing in the lug groove 60 increased. This is because the tread portion 5 was efficiently cooled, whereby a failure due to the temperature increase of the tread portion 5 was suppressed.
It was found that when the inclination angle φ of the lug groove 60 was not less than 15 degrees and not more than 45 degrees, the life of the tire further increased.
Although the contents of the present invention were disclosed through the embodiments of the present invention, it should not be understood that the discussion and drawings which form a part of this disclosure limit the present invention. The present invention includes various embodiments not described here.
The following respective embodiments and the above embodiments may be appropriately combined in a range where the effects of the present, invention are not impaired.
In the above embodiment, although the air supply mechanism is configured of the tapered surface 100R, the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in
One end 100D of a land block 100 in a tire circumferential direction tcd is located on the back side in a rotational direction tr1 in which the tire 1 rotates in a vehicle advancing direction when mounted on a vehicle. The other end 100E of the land block 100 in the tire circumferential direction tcd is located on the front side in the rotational direction tr1. A length La1 in a tread width direction in the end 100D is smaller than a length La1 in the tread width direction in the end 100E of the land block 100. A difference between the length Lb1 and the length La1 is represented by a length Lw1, and the length Lw1 is preferably not less than 5 mm.
A side surface 101 extends while being inclined inward the land block 100 with respect to a plane along the tire circumferential direction and is continued to a lateral groove surface 103 of the land block 100 constituting an inner wall of a lug groove 60. The end 100D of the land block 100 on the back side in the rotational direction in the tire circumferential direction tcd is located inside in the tread width direction twd by the length Lw1 from a side wall portion 7. Namely, the back side in the rotational direction in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100 of the buttress portion 9 is located inside in the tread width direction twd by a length Lw from the side wall portion 7. Thus, a step is formed between the buttress portion 9 and the side surface 101. A groove bottom 60b which is a groove bottom of the lug groove 60 extends from the end 100D on the back side in the rotational direction in the tire circumferential direction tcd toward the end 100E. The groove bottom 60b is located between the buttress portion 9 and the side surface 101.
As shown in
As shown in
The cut-out portion 130 is formed in a buttress portion 9 which is a side surface intersecting in a tread width direction twd of the land block 100. The cut-out portion 130 is formed outside in a tire radial direction trd relative to a line mutually connecting groove bottoms 60b of a lug groove 60 formed before and after the land block 100 in a tire circumferential direction tcd.
The cut-out portion 130 is formed on one end side of the side surface 101 of the land block 100 in the tire circumferential direction tcd. The cut-out portion 130 is cut out inward (in the tread width direction twd) of the land block 100 from the side surface 101 and communicates with the lug groove 60 in the tire circumferential direction tcd. The opening 131 is formed in the side surface 101 and a lateral groove surface 103 of the land block 100.
A length Lk along a tire circumferential direction of the cut-out portion 130 is smaller than a length WB in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100.
A depth ds of the cut-out portion 130 in the tread width direction twd from the side surface 101 of the land block 100 of the cut-out portion 130 is constant throughout the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100. An opening 131 of the cut-out portion 130 formed in the side surface 101 of the land block 100 has a rectangular shape as viewed from the tread width direction twd. The cut-out portion 130 is formed in parallel to a surface of the tread portion 5.
As shown in
In the cut-out portion 130, the depth ds of the cut-out portion 130 may become larger as it goes to the lug groove 60 communicating with the cut-out portion 130.
As shown in
The protrusion 150 is formed on the side of a lug groove 60 located on one side in a tire circumferential direction tcd of the side surface 101 of the land block 100. The other side in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the side surface 101 of the land block 100 is substantially smooth. The substantial smoothness allows fine unevenness due to manufacturing error. The fine unevenness is unevenness within ±10%; of a length in the tread width direction twd of the land block 100, for example.
A length Lr along the tire circumferential direction tcd of the protrusion 150 is smaller than the length WB in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the land block 100 formed in the circumferential land portion 70A.
The protrusion 150 has a rectangular shape linearly extending in a tire radial direction trd, and the tire radial direction trd and a rectangular longitudinal direction may be inclined. In this case, an angle |γ| formed by a projection center line set at a central portion in the tire circumferential direction tcd of the protrusion 150 and a tire normal line (that is, the tire radial direction trd) may be set so that |γ|≦60 degrees. The protrusion 150 shown in
A plurality of the protrusions 150 may be formed on the side surface 101 of the land block 100. The protrusions 150 may be linearly arranged along the tire radial direction trd.
The plurality of protrusions 150 may be inclined with respect to the tire radial direction trd as viewed from the tread width direction twd.
The shape of the protrusion 150 may not be a rectangular shape. The protrusion 150 may have a triangular cross-sectional shape vertical to the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 150. The shape of the cross section vertical to the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 150 may be a trapezoidal shape of which long side is a root portion attached to the side surface 101 of the land block 100. The shape of the cross section vertical to the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 150 may be a trapezoidal shape of which short side is a root portion attached to the side surface 101 of the land block 100. The cross section vertical to the longitudinal direction of the protrusion 150 may have a shape inclined toward one side in the rotational direction. The protrusion 150 may have a parallelogram shape in plan view from a direction along a shaft core of a tire rotation shaft. The protrusion 150 may have a shape in which the width at the central portion in the longitudinal direction is smaller than the width of an end in the longitudinal direction in plan view from a direction along the shaft core of the tire rotation shaft. The protrusion 150 may have an elliptical shape in plan view from the direction along the shaft core of the tire rotation shaft. In addition to the above examples, any shape is applicable as long as a structure producing an effect of disturbing air passing through a surface of a tire is attained.
In the above embodiment, although the both land blocks 100 in the tread width direction twd each have the air supply mechanism, the present invention is not limited thereto. Only one of the land blocks 100 in the tread width direction twd may have the air supply mechanism. Meanwhile, the plurality of land blocks 100 may respectively have the air supply mechanisms having different shapes.
In the above embodiments, although the protrusion portion 500 has a flat plate shape, the present invention is not limited thereto. The protrusion portion 500 may have a wave shape in the tread surface view or a shape which is thick near the groove center line WL and becomes thinner as it goes to the side wall 50B1 and the side wall 50B3 (and vice versa).
a) to (g) are views showing variations of the cross-sectional shape of the protrusion portion 500. As shown in
The angle θf, the groove depth D, and the groove width W may not necessarily satisfy the conditions prescribed in the above embodiments.
Although the protrusions 500 are provided in only the circumferential groove 50B, the present invention is not limited thereto. The protrusions 500 may be formed in the circumferential groove 50C formed at a position including the tire equator line CL or in the circumferential groove 50C.
In the above embodiments, although the circumferential groove 50B extends in parallel to the tire circumferential direction tcd, the present invention is not limited thereto. The circumferential groove 50B may not necessarily be parallel to the tire circumferential direction tcd. For example, the circumferential groove 50B may not be parallel to the tire circumferential direction tcd as long as the angle formed with the tire equator line CL is not more than 45 degrees. Further, the circumferential groove 50B may not necessarily be linear and may have a shape curved outward in the tread width direction twd or a zigzag shape, for example. When the circumferential groove 50B has a zigzag shape, it is preferable that the circumferential groove 50B has such a shape that the velocity of air flowing in the circumferential groove 50B is not reduced.
In the above embodiments, although the circumferential groove 50B is formed so that the length DL along the tread width direction twd from the belt end 30e to the groove center line WL is not more than 200 mm, the present invention is not limited thereto. The circumferential groove 50B may be formed so that the length DL is more than 200 mm.
The lug groove 60 may extend to the circumferential groove 50C, and, at the same time, the protrusion portion 500 may be provided in the groove bottom of the circumferential groove 50. Namely, the circumferential groove provided with the protrusion portion 500 may be formed at a position including the tire equator line CL. According to this constitution, the temperature of the tread portion 5 can be decreased.
Although all the lug grooves 60 are formed to have the same angle in the tire circumferential direction tcd, the present invention is not limited thereto. In the same tire, the inclination angles φ of the lug grooves 60 may not be necessarily the same. The inclination angle φ of the lug groove 60 may be different between the lug groove 60 located on one end side in the tread width direction twd and the lug groove 60 located on the other end side. In the plurality of lug grooves 60 located on one end side in the tread width direction twd, the inclination angles φ of the lug grooves 60 may be different from each other.
In the tire 1 according to the present embodiment, although a marked effect can be obtained when the tire 1 is applied to so-called very large tires, the tire may be applied to general-purpose tires.
As the tire according to the present invention, a pneumatic tire may be used, or a solid tire filled with rubber may be used. Further, a tire containing a gas other than air, such as a noble gas, such as argon, or nitrogen may be used.
As mentioned above, it must be understood that the present invention includes various embodiments and the like that are not described herein. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention shall be defined only by the matters according to the claims that are appropriate from the description above.
This application claims priority to JP 2012-150718 filed on Jul. 4, 2012, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention can provide a tire that can effectively suppress a temperature increase of the tread portion 5 accompanied with running of a vehicle.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-150718 | Jul 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/068347 | 7/4/2013 | WO | 00 |
