1. Background
The present disclosure relates to electrosurgical forceps for assuring uniform sealing of tissue when performing electrosurgical procedures. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to open, laparoscopic, or endoscopic bipolar forceps that improve the uniformity of current distribution through tissue and create a seal having a substantially uniform tissue thickness, by improving parallelism of the electrode faces of the bipolar forceps.
2. Technical Field
Forceps utilize mechanical action to constrict, grasp, dissect and/or clamp tissue. Electrosurgical forceps utilize both mechanical clamping action and electrical energy to effect hemostasis by heating the tissue and blood vessels. By controlling the intensity, frequency and duration of the electrosurgical energy applied through jaw members to the tissue, the surgeon can coagulate, cauterize and/or seal tissue.
In order to effect a proper seal with larger vessels or thick tissue, two predominant mechanical parameters must be accurately controlled—the pressure applied to the tissue and the gap distance between the electrodes. As can be appreciated, both of these parameters are affected by thickness of vessels or tissue. More particularly, accurate application of pressure is important for several reasons: to oppose the walls of the vessels; to reduce the tissue impedance to a low enough value that allows enough electrosurgical energy through the tissue; to overcome the forces of expansion during tissue heating; and to contribute to the end tissue thickness which is an indication of a good seal. It has been determined that a fused vessel wall is optimum between 0.001 and 0.006 inches. Below this range, the seal may shred or tear and above this range the lumens may not be properly or effectively sealed.
With respect to smaller vessels, the pressure applied to the tissue tends to become less relevant whereas the gap distance between the electrically conductive tissue sealing surfaces becomes more significant for effective sealing. In other words, the chances of two electrically conductive sealing surfaces touching during activation increases as the vessels become smaller.
Electrosurgical methods may be able to seal larger vessels using an appropriate electrosurgical power curve, coupled with an instrument capable of applying a large closure force to the vessel walls. It is thought that the process of coagulating small vessels is fundamentally different than electrosurgical tissue vessel sealing. For the purposes herein “coagulation” is defined as a process of desiccating tissue wherein the tissue cells are ruptured and dried and vessel sealing is defined as the process of liquefying the collagen in the tissue so that it reforms into a fused mass. Thus, coagulation of small vessels is sufficient to permanently close them. Larger vessels need to be sealed to assure permanent closure.
Numerous bipolar electrosurgical forceps have been proposed in the past for various surgical procedures. However, some of these designs may not provide uniformly reproducible pressure to the blood vessel and may result in an ineffective or non-uniform seal. Complicating matters further is the fact that a non-uniform pressure applied to a blood vessel creates varying tissue thickness along the length of the forceps. The result is varying pressure being applied, varying tissue thickness, and varying amount of electrosurgical energy passing through the tissue. All of these conditions reduce the effectiveness of the seal
A bipolar forceps for sealing tissue includes an end effector assembly having opposing first and second jaw members. Each of the jaw members includes an electrode having an electrically conductive tissue sealing surface. An electrical energy source may be connected to the tissue sealing surfaces so that the sealing surfaces can conduct energy to tissue.
A pivot mechanism is operably connected to the jaw members and configured to allow selective movement of the jaw members relative to one another from a first spaced apart position to a second position. The pivot mechanism is configured to promote substantially parallel movement of the jaw members through a range of motion between the first position and the second position.
In embodiments, the pivot mechanism is operably connected to the jaw members via multiple pivot connections. The pivot connections connect an actuator rod to the pivot mechanism.
The tissue sealing surfaces and/or jaw members may include at least one electrically non-conductive insulating member disposed along a length thereof to prevent unintended shorting between the tissue sealing surfaces when disposed in the second position.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings wherein:
Various embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. Well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present disclosure may be adapted for use with a laparoscopic instrument, an endoscopic instrument, or an open instrument; however, different electrical and mechanical connections and considerations may apply to each particular type of instrument. The novel aspects with respect to vessel and tissue sealing are generally consistent with respect to the open, laparoscopic, and endoscopic designs. In the drawings and in the description that follows, the term “proximal”, as is traditional, will refer to the end of the forceps that is closer to the user, while the term “distal” will refer to the end of the forceps that is further from the user.
Referring now to
As explained in more detail below, with respect to
Referring now to
Electrodes 112 and 122 are pivotally connected to the corresponding jaw members 110 and 120 via respective pivot mechanisms 142 and 162. As mentioned above, each electrode 112 and 122 has an electrically conductive tissue sealing surface 114, 124, respectively disposed thereon that are positioned to generally oppose one another, for grasping tissue therebetween.
As shown in
As shown in
Referring now to
As shown in
Referring now to
In yet another embodiment, as shown in
As shown in
While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings and/or discussed herein, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
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20100057082 | Hanna | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100057084 | Hanna | Mar 2010 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2104423 | Feb 1994 | CA |
2415263 | Oct 1975 | DE |
2514501 | Oct 1976 | DE |
2627679 | Jan 1977 | DE |
3612646 | Apr 1987 | DE |
3612646 | Apr 1987 | DE |
8712328 | Mar 1988 | DE |
4303882 | Aug 1994 | DE |
4403252 | Aug 1995 | DE |
19515914 | Jul 1996 | DE |
19515914 | Jul 1996 | DE |
29616210 | Jan 1997 | DE |
19608716 | Apr 1997 | DE |
19751106 | May 1998 | DE |
19751108 | May 1999 | DE |
19738457 | Jan 2009 | DE |
19738457 | Jan 2009 | DE |
0364216 | Apr 1990 | EP |
0467501 | Jan 1992 | EP |
0518230 | Dec 1992 | EP |
0541930 | May 1993 | EP |
0572131 | Dec 1993 | EP |
0584787 | Mar 1994 | EP |
0589453 | Mar 1994 | EP |
0589555 | Mar 1994 | EP |
0589555 | Mar 1994 | EP |
0623316 | Nov 1994 | EP |
0624348 | Nov 1994 | EP |
0650701 | May 1995 | EP |
0694290 | Mar 1996 | EP |
0717966 | Jun 1996 | EP |
0754437 | Mar 1997 | EP |
0517243 | Sep 1997 | EP |
0517243 | Sep 1997 | EP |
0853922 | Jul 1998 | EP |
0875209 | Nov 1998 | EP |
0878169 | Nov 1998 | EP |
0887046 | Jan 1999 | EP |
0923907 | Jun 1999 | EP |
0986990 | Mar 2000 | EP |
1034747 | Sep 2000 | EP |
1034748 | Sep 2000 | EP |
1025807 | Oct 2000 | EP |
1034746 | Oct 2000 | EP |
1050278 | Nov 2000 | EP |
1053719 | Nov 2000 | EP |
1053720 | Nov 2000 | EP |
1055399 | Nov 2000 | EP |
1055400 | Nov 2000 | EP |
1080694 | Mar 2001 | EP |
1082944 | Mar 2001 | EP |
1159926 | Dec 2001 | EP |
1177771 | Feb 2002 | EP |
1177771 | Feb 2002 | EP |
1301135 | Apr 2003 | EP |
1330991 | Jul 2003 | EP |
1486177 | Jun 2004 | EP |
1472984 | Nov 2004 | EP |
0774232 | Jan 2005 | EP |
0774232 | Jan 2005 | EP |
1527747 | May 2005 | EP |
1530952 | May 2005 | EP |
1532932 | May 2005 | EP |
1535581 | Jun 2005 | EP |
1609430 | Dec 2005 | EP |
1632192 | Mar 2006 | EP |
1642543 | Apr 2006 | EP |
1642543 | Apr 2006 | EP |
1645238 | Apr 2006 | EP |
1645240 | Apr 2006 | EP |
1649821 | Apr 2006 | EP |
1707143 | Oct 2006 | EP |
1769765 | Apr 2007 | EP |
1769765 | Apr 2007 | EP |
1769766 | Apr 2007 | EP |
1769766 | Apr 2007 | EP |
1878400 | Jan 2008 | EP |
1929970 | Jun 2008 | EP |
1929970 | Jun 2008 | EP |
1683496 | Dec 2008 | EP |
1683496 | Dec 2008 | EP |
623316 | May 1949 | GB |
1490585 | Nov 1977 | GB |
2214430 | Jun 1989 | GB |
2213416 | Aug 1989 | GB |
61-501068 | Sep 1984 | JP |
65-502328 | Mar 1992 | JP |
5-5106 | Jan 1993 | JP |
5-40112 | Feb 1993 | JP |
06343644 | Dec 1994 | JP |
07265328 | Oct 1995 | JP |
08056955 | Mar 1996 | JP |
08252263 | Oct 1996 | JP |
09010223 | Jan 1997 | JP |
11244298 | Sep 1999 | JP |
2000-342599 | Dec 2000 | JP |
2000-350732 | Dec 2000 | JP |
2001-008944 | Jan 2001 | JP |
2001-029356 | Feb 2001 | JP |
2001-128990 | May 2001 | JP |
401367 | Nov 1974 | SU |
WO 8900757 | Jan 1989 | WO |
WO 9204873 | Apr 1992 | WO |
WO 9206642 | Apr 1992 | WO |
WO 9321845 | Nov 1993 | WO |
WO 9408524 | Apr 1994 | WO |
WO 9420025 | Sep 1994 | WO |
WO 9502369 | Jan 1995 | WO |
WO 9507662 | Mar 1995 | WO |
WO 9515124 | Jun 1995 | WO |
WO 9605776 | Feb 1996 | WO |
WO 9622056 | Jul 1996 | WO |
WO 9613218 | Sep 1996 | WO |
WO 9700646 | Jan 1997 | WO |
WO 9700647 | Jan 1997 | WO |
WO 9710764 | Mar 1997 | WO |
WO 9724073 | Jul 1997 | WO |
WO 9724993 | Jul 1997 | WO |
WO 9827880 | Jul 1998 | WO |
WO 9903407 | Jan 1999 | WO |
WO 9903408 | Jan 1999 | WO |
WO 9903409 | Jan 1999 | WO |
WO 9912488 | Mar 1999 | WO |
WO 9923933 | May 1999 | WO |
WO 9940857 | Aug 1999 | WO |
WO 9940861 | Aug 1999 | WO |
WO 9951158 | Oct 1999 | WO |
WO 9966850 | Dec 1999 | WO |
WO 0024330 | May 2000 | WO |
WO 0024331 | May 2000 | WO |
WO 0036986 | Jun 2000 | WO |
WO 0041638 | Jul 2000 | WO |
WO 0047124 | Aug 2000 | WO |
WO 0053112 | Sep 2000 | WO |
WO 0117448 | Mar 2001 | WO |
WO 0154604 | Aug 2001 | WO |
WO 0207627 | Jan 2002 | WO |
WO 02067798 | Sep 2002 | WO |
WO 02080783 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080784 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080785 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080786 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080793 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080794 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080795 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080796 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080797 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080798 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02080799 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 02081170 | Oct 2002 | WO |
WO 03061500 | Jul 2003 | WO |
WO 03061500 | Jul 2003 | WO |
WO 03090630 | Nov 2003 | WO |
WO 03101311 | Dec 2003 | WO |
WO 2004032776 | Apr 2004 | WO |
WO 2004032777 | Apr 2004 | WO |
WO 2004052221 | Jun 2004 | WO |
WO 2004073488 | Sep 2004 | WO |
WO 2004073490 | Sep 2004 | WO |
WO 2004073753 | Sep 2004 | WO |
WO 2004082495 | Sep 2004 | WO |
WO 2004098383 | Nov 2004 | WO |
WO 2004103156 | Dec 2004 | WO |
WO 2005004734 | Jan 2005 | WO |
WO 2005004735 | Jan 2005 | WO |
WO 2005110264 | Nov 2005 | WO |
WO 2008045348 | Apr 2008 | WO |
WO 2008045348 | Apr 2008 | WO |
WO 2008045350 | Apr 2008 | WO |
WO 2008045350 | Apr 2008 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20100057083 A1 | Mar 2010 | US |