Patent Application
20190184444
The invention relates to a forming of cans.
Metal cans made from aluminium and aluminium alloys or from steel are widely used in packaging industry for drinks, cosmetics, food industry or for technical use. Majority of them are pressure aerosol cans which contain variety of products such as deodorants, hairspray, shaving foam, lacquers or paint, oils, etc. The second major part of the production are beverage cans.
Such cans are currently mass production goods that need to be produced economically in the largest quantities. That is why there are specially developed production lines that carry out an optimized production process. Such lines are described in bloc or in parts, e.g., in documents EP 2 103 370 B1, EP 0 275 369 B1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,646,840 or 3,878,743.
From the manufacturing point of view, the cans are divided in one-piece (monobloc) cans or multi-part cans.
By the monobloc cans, the input blanks are first shaped to form a cylindrical hollow body. As a rule, backward extrusion or D&I (Draw and Ironed) technology is used. Such procedures are described, for example, in EP 1 531 952 B1, EP 1 731 239 B1 or 1 461 232 B1. As an input material, an aluminum slug is used for backward extrusion, from which a hollow body is formed by one stroke of the press ram. The slug diameter is approximately the same as the diameter of the can formed.
In the D&I (Draw and Ironed) technology, there are discs stamped from a rolled sheet of aluminium or steel, which is then shaped into cup (Cupper machine) and further reduced by further redrawing and ironing operations to the desired diameter and thickness of the can wall (Bodymaker machine). Then it is necessary to create a shoulder of the can and curie the can rim, but this is a problem by steel cans because steel is more resistant by forming than aluminium.
For shaping of can shoulder the necking machines are used. The most common technical solution of necking machine which is shown in
The document US2011/0011896 A1 discloses a method of curling a steel tube. It is proposed either gradual necking as it is the case of aluminium cans, or to introduce additional heating up using ultrasonic vibration for better formability.
Such procedures can function when it concerns a favourably shaped shoulder (e.g., a curved shoulder) which has higher resistance to axial load and hence a greater resistance to deformation during forming of an shoulder and curling on gradual necking machines—see
The aim of the present invention is to provide a device for curling of the neck of cans having reduced axial strength, whether due to unfavourable shoulder shape, or thin-walled cans and cans made of a material with higher deformation resistance (aluminium alloy, steel).
The above mentioned deficiencies are eliminated by the tool for curling of can necks according to the invention, which is characterised by the fact that it comprises an expansion control device for controlling of the spreading of a collet in which is with one end by means of a collet clutch, which is inside of the expansion control device arranged interconnecting means provided on the other end with a stop mechanism, wherein in the collet clutch a holder is fixed with its one end, and on its other end the collet is arranged, the collet in the non-active position is insertable into the can, and segments of the collet are spreading in the direction to the device.
The invention will be further described using drawings, where
As shown in
The main parts of the tool 1 for curling of the can neck 37 are expansion control device 46, collet 6 and stop mechanism 45, which can be seen on
Referring to
In general, it can be noted for better orientation that the can 2 is clamped in a clamping center 3. The tool 1 is clamped through the outer body 20 in the tool plate 4 by means of nuts 5. The tool plate 4 performs a linear reciprocating movement in the direction of the double arrow.
On the opposite side than that of the clamping center 3 in the direction of the outer body, a frame 29 of the stop mechanism 45 is arranged. On the rod 9 a movable stop 7 is provided which cooperates with the fixed stop 8. The position of the fixed stop 8 is adjustable by means of a pivoting mechanism 28 which is mounted on the frame 29 using screws 30. This is well seen in
The outer body 20 has two hollows, namely a rear hollow 40 and a front hollow 44. The rear hollow 40 is terminated by a bearing 19 and a rod 9 passes it through, around which a main spring 18 is provided. In the front hollow 44 there are arranged mechanical elements controlling the movement of segments 12 of the collet 6.
Into the front hollow 44 of the outer body 20 extends the end of the rod 9 on which a collet clutch 11 is fastened. In this collet clutch 11, a holder 10 by one of its end is fastened, and at the other end segments 12 of the collet 6 are arranged swingably from the basic closed to the opened position. Segments 12 are provided on the inner side with a transverse groove 43 enclosing in a close position a collar 41 provided on the holder 10. On the holder 10 an extension mandrel 15 is provided slidingly which spreads out the segments 12 of the collet 6 and which is firmly arranged in an inner cylinder 16 and the inner cylinder 16 is arranged movably within the guide cylinder 24. This is arranged rigidly in the hollow of the outer body 20 and between the guide cylinder 24 and the inner cylinder 16 there is a roller or a plain bearing 31. The inner cylinder 16 has a front cavity oriented towards the segments 12 of the collet 6 and the rear cavity facing towards rod 9. In the front cavity of the inner cylinder 16 a curling flange 25 with a curling profile 38 provided at its inner edge, is mounted. The curling profile 38 then curies the neck 37.
A main spring 18 abuts with its one end the seat in the rear hollow 40 of the inner cylinder 16 and with the other end the bearing 19 terminating the rear hollow 40. Around the main spring 18 a front spring 22 in the front hollow 20 of the clutch seat 11 is arranged being mounted from one side in the clutch seat 11 and from the other side in the spacer 23 on the wall of the front hollow 44 of the outer body 20.
In the subsequent forward movement of the tool 1 shown in
The segments 12 of the collet 6 are provided on the inner side with a transverse groove 43 which engages in the rest position into the collar 41 on the holder 10. This is clearly seen in
The segments 12 of the collet 6 are attached to the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 by means of pins 13 which are locked by screws 14. The angle of opening of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is determined by the geometry of the expanding mandrel 15 which is screwed into the inner cylinder 16. This inner cylinder 16 is arranged movably in the guide cylinder 24 which is on the contrary arranged firmly at the front face of the outer body 20. The end position of the opening of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is determined by the front contact of the expanding mandrel 15 and by the collar 41 of the holder 10. The holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is arranged in the expanding mandrel 15 by means of sliding bush 17.
After the contact of the expansion mandrel 15 with the collar 41 of the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6, the forward movement of the expansion mandrel 15 and of the inner cylinder 16 is prevented. Due to this a front spring 22, which is placed by its one side in the clutch seat 11 and by the other side in a spacer 23, is compressed. At the same time, there is a mutual axial movement between the inner cylinder 16, the roller or plain bearing 31 and the guide cylinder 24 which is arranged in the outer body 20 of the tool 1. At the same time, the curling flange 25, which is mounted in the outer body 20 of the tool 1 and delimited by the guide cylinder 24 from the inner side and by a spacer ring 26 with locking nut 27 from the outer side, is moving along the cylindrical surface of the expanding mandrel 15 by means of the bearing 34, due to this comes to a contact of the curling profile 38 with the neck 37 of the can 2 and subsequently to curling of the can 2. This is already the state shown in
This allows the curling of the can 2 without causing any deformation, as it is supported from inside by the expansion collet 6 of the tool 1.
The axial position of the segments 12 of the collet 6 is adjustable relative to the shoulder 36 of the can 2 by the pivoting mechanism 28 which is attached to the frame 29 of the stop 8 by means of screws 30.
During the reciprocating movement, the curling flange 25 with the curling profile 38 is moved away from the neck 37 of the can 2 and then the segments 12 of the collet 6 are returned into their initial position. The segments 12 of the collet 6 are returned to the initial position by means of a bellewille spring 32 the preload of which can be controlled by adjusting nuts 33. Subsequently, the contact between the movable stop 7 and the fixed stop 8 is interrupted. Then, the axial reciprocating movement of the rod 9, of the holder 10 of the segments 12 of the collet 6 and of the clutch 11 together with the entire tool 1 assembly is performed, due to this the expansion collet 6 is pulled out of the interior of the can 2.
So the result of the work with above described tool is a one-piece can 2 of steel sheet with the curled neck 37 provided by the seat 35 for fixation of the plastic cover, and the can 2 is provided with the straight shoulder 36 formed at an angle of 10 to 50° with respect to the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the can 2.
