Patent Grant
10082024
This application is a U.S. National Phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 from PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2014/001288, filed May 13, 2014, which claims benefit of priority of European Patent Application No. 13170924.8, filed Jun. 6, 2013, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure generally relates to a tool support for cutting heads used in hard rock mining applications, particularly to a replaceable tool support for modular cutting heads.
In hard rock mining application, it is common to use, for example, rock shearers for winning hard rock materials in a longwall, or to use, for instance, rock headers for generating a roadway in an underground mine. Both the rock shearer and the rock header may comprise at least one rotatable drum, which may be equipped with at least one cutting head being rotatable. The cutting head may be configured to support a plurality of cutting bits which are in turn configured to engage the hard rock for winning hard rock materials. The rotatable drum may be adjustable in height relative to a machine frame by a swivel arm.
The rotatable cutting head may include a cone-like shaped body having cutting bit carriers integrally formed with the body. Thus, known cutting heads may be manufactured as an integral unit, wherein worn cutting bits may be replaced by newly manufactured cutting bits. The cutting bits are rotatably and removably supported by the cutting bit carriers.
For example, EP 2 208 856 A2 discloses a cutting head having a plurality of cutting bits for wining underground materials.
US 2011/0089747 A1 relates to a cutting bit retention assembly that includes a cutting bit holder, which receives a cutting bit and has shank that extends into a bore in a support. The shank section of the cutting bit holder presents a surface defined by a notch that selectively cooperates with a retention pin.
US 2010/0001574 A1 discloses an apparatus for the milling and/or drilling cutting of materials, in particular for the removal of rock, minerals or coal, with a tool drum which is mounted on a drum carrier rotatably about a drum axis, in which a plurality of tool shafts, which carry cutting tools at their ends projecting from the tool drum, are rotatable drivable mounted, at least two of the tool shafts being drivable by a common gear drive and a common drive element.
An apparatus for the milling cutting of rock, minerals or other materials is known from WO 2012/156841A2. The disclosed apparatus includes two tool drums, which are arranged rotatably mounted side by side in twin arrangement on a drum carrier and which are respectively provided with a plurality of tool carriers which support cutting tools.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,647,265 A discloses a rotary drum-type cutting head for use with mining and tunneling machines. The cutting head includes a cylindrical drum to the periphery of which are secured a number of arcuate segments provided with pick boxes for the reception of picks.
US 2008/0116734 A1 discloses a device for milling rock or other materials. The device comprises a spindle drum which is rotatably mounted on a drum support and in which a plurality of tool spindles are received to be rotatable about spindle axes in a manner off-center of the drum. At least two of the tool spindles can be driven by a common gear drive which comprises output gears.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,326,307 A discloses a rock bit roller cone having a peripheral notch, and an annular band seated fast in said notch having a succession of radially extending cutter teeth about its peripheral surface.
Mechanically locked drill bit components are known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,245 A, and a cutter assembly including rotatable cutting element and a drill bit using the same are known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,762,359 B1.
The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to improving or overcoming one or more aspects of prior systems.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a replaceable tool support configured to be mounted to a base member of a cutting head mountable to a tool drum used in hard rock mining applications may comprise an annular body having a first end face side, a plurality of cutting bit carriers disposed spaced apart from each other on the first end face side of the annular body, and a plurality of cutting bits rotatably supported by one of the plurality of cutting bit carriers.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a cutting head for hard rock mining applications may comprise a base member having a rotational axis, and a plurality of replaceable tool supports according to the present disclosure. Each of the plurality of tool supports may be concentrically disposed about the rotational axis in a releasable manner.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for replacing an annular tool support of a cutting head including a base member having a rotational axis, and a plurality of tool supports mounted about the rotational axis to the base member in a releasable manner may comprise the steps of removing at least one annular tool support having at least one worn cutting bit from the base member, and attaching a newly manufactured annular tool support having at least one new cutting bit to the base member.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for non-removably assembling a cutting bit to a cutting bit carrier of a cutting head used in underground mining applications is disclosed. The cutting bit may have a longitudinal axis about which the cutting bit is rotatable and may include a bottom portion. The cutting bit carrier may include a cutting bit carrier blind hole having an undercut section at a bottom end of the cutting bit carrier blind hole. The disclosed method for non-removably assembling a cutting bit to a cutting bit carrier may comprise the steps of heating the cutting bit to a predetermined temperature, inserting the heated cutting bit into the cutting bit carrier blind hole, such that the bottom portion of the inserted cutting bit at least partially protrudes into the undercut section, and applying a compression force to the cutting bit along the longitudinal axis for deforming the heated cutting bit, such that at least the bottom portion of the cutting bit at least partially adopts the shape of the undercut section, while still being rotatable about the longitudinal axis within the cutting bit carrier blind hole.
In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of cutting bit carriers is integrally formed with the annular body.
In some other embodiments, the tool support may further comprise at least one tool support recess disposed at the first end face side or a second end face side of the annular body, and at least one tool support protrusion extending from the first end face side or the second end face side other than the end face side where the at least one tool support recess is disposed. In such case, the at least one tool support recess may be configured to engage at least one tool support protrusion of an adjacent tool support, and the at least one tool support protrusion is configured to engage at least one tool support recess of another adjacent tool support.
Other features and aspects of this disclosure will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.
The following is a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments described therein and illustrated in the drawings are intended to teach the principles of the present disclosure, enabling those of ordinary skill in the art to implement and use the present disclosure in many different environments and for many different applications. Therefore, the exemplary embodiments are not intended to be, and should not be considered as, a limiting description of the scope of patent protection. Rather, the scope of patent protection shall be defined by the appended claims.
The present disclosure may be based in part on the realization that providing a cutting head with a modular configuration may increase the efficiency of the cutting head, as a tool support supporting worn cutting bits may be completely replaced by a new tool support supporting new cutting bits. In such case, replacement of the cutting bits may not be necessary, which may take some effort as such cutting bits may be stuck in the retention due to dirt and rock or coal pieces. Replacement of at least one complete tool support may hence reduce the downtime of the cutting machine and, thus, may reduce costs.
The present disclosure may be further based in part on the realization that providing a cutting head having a base member and a plurality of tool supports releasable mounted to the cutting head may increase the flexibility of the whole cutting head, as the plurality of tool supports supporting a plurality of cutting bits may be positioned relative to the base member as desired. Hence, for example, the base member may serve for both a dextrorotary cutting head and a levorotary cutting head, depending on the specific arrangement of the cutting bits with respect to the plurality of tool supports.
The present disclosure may be further based in part on the realization that with the exemplary disclosed modular cutting head it may be possible to provide the base member or the tool support with different appropriate materials fulfilling the requirements with respect to, for example, strength. Thus, the base member, which is exposed to less mechanical stress than, for example, the cutting bit carriers, may comprise a different material than the cutting bit carrier.
The present disclosure may be further based in part on the realization that, due to the replaceable tool supports, the cutting bits may be non-removably supported by the cutting bit carriers. This may render a retention system of removable cutting bits unnecessary and, thus, may reduce the complexity of the whole cutting head.
In the following, detailed features of the exemplary disclosed modular cutting head are described with respect to the appended drawings. Referring to
In
The base member 20 may further include a center bore 30 extending through the base member 20 along the rotational axis 12 (see also
As further shown in
Each of the plurality of cutting bit carriers 50 is, as illustrated in
Referring now to
The first step 22 has a first height H1, an inner diameter d1 and an outer diameter d2, thereby defining a first tool support receiving portion 23. The second step 24 has a second height H2, an inner diameter d2 and an outer diameter d3, thereby defining a second tool support receiving portion 25. The third step 26 has a third height H3, an inner diameter d3 and an outer diameter d4, thereby defining a third tool support receiving portion 27. The fourth step 28 has a fourth height H4, an inner diameter d4 and an outer diameter d5, thereby defining a fourth tool support receiving portion 29. The base member 20 comprises, therefore, a cone-like shaped stepped configuration and may be made of, for instance, grey cast iron, cast steel, or forged steel, as the base member 20 is not exposed to high mechanical stress.
The center bore 30 of the base member 20 includes a drive bushing receiving portion 32 configured to receive a drive bushing 31 (see
The drive bushing 31 is attached in the drive bushing receiving portion 32 by a press-in operation, such that the drive bushing 31 is prevented from rotating relative to the base member 20. For attaching the cutting head 10 to the driving device, a screw (not shown) may be inserted from the peak portion through an opening 34 and the screw head may be disposed in the center bore section 36.
As illustrated in
Each of the plurality of steps 21 includes at least one centering hole 38 configured to receive a pin 39 (see
The base member 20 further includes a first fixing bore 72 and a second fixing bore 74. Both the first fixing bore 72 and the second fixing bore 74 are configured to respectively receive a fixing device, such as, for instance, a screw engaging, for example, the first tool support 41 for fixing the same to the base member 20. However, in some embodiments, more or less than two fixing bore screws 72, 74 may be provided for fixing the plurality of tool supports 40 to the base member 20.
The base member 20 further includes an annular sealing groove 80 extending around rotational axis 12 at the bottom portion of the cutting head 10. The annular sealing groove 80 is configured to accommodate a sealing ring (not shown) for sealing the connection to the cutting machine.
With respect now to
Specifically, the inner diameters d1, d2, d3, d4 of the respective steps 22, 24, 26, 28 correspond to the inner diameters of the tool supports 41, 42, 43, 44, such that the each of the plurality of tool supports 40 is fixedly disposed at the respective tool support receiving portions 23, 25, 27, 29.
The outer diameter D1 of the first tool support 41 is greater than the inner diameter d2 of the second step 24, such that the first tool support 41 overlaps the second tool support 42. Similarly, the outer diameters D2 and D3 of the second and third tool supports 42 and 43, respectively, are greater than the respective inner diameters d3 and d4, such that the second tool support 42 overlaps the adjacent third tool support 43. The outer diameter D4 of the fourth tool support 44 is smaller than the diameter d5, such that the fourth tool support 44 does not axially protrude from the base member 20. In general, the outer diameter of a tool support may be greater than the inner diameter of an adjacent lower tool support, such that the upper tool support may overlap the lower tool support.
As also shown in
Particularly, each of the plurality of tool supports 40 includes at least one tool support recess 46 and at least one tool support protrusion 48. The engagement of the plurality of tool supports 40 may be described in greater detail with respect to
As shown in
Due to the plurality of overlapping tool supports 40 engaging each other, and by fastening the first and second fixing screws 73, 75, also the other tool supports, namely the second, third, and fourth tool supports 42, 43, and 44 can be fastened to the base member 20.
However, in some embodiments, the plurality of tool supports 40 may not overlap each other. In such cases, the base member 20 may include additional fixing bores. For example, the base member 20 may include two fixing bores for receiving respectively receiving f tool supports fixing screws configured to fasten each of the plurality of tool supports to the base member 20. In such cases, each of the plurality of tool supports 40 may be replaced without dismantling, for example, at least one of the tool support lying above.
The specific arrangement of the plurality of tool supports 40 to each other is defined by the pins 39. Each pin 39 may be further configured to receive and transmit any axial or radial forces from the cutting bits 60 to the base member 20, such as, for example, driving forces originating from the driving device.
Referring now to
The fixing mechanism 70 of
In a third embodiment (not explicitly shown in the drawings), a bayonet nut connector may be used for securing the uppermost tool support to the base member 20.
Referring now to
Specifically, the first tool support 41 includes at least one first cutting bit carrier 51, the second tool support 42 includes at least one cutting bit carrier 52, the third tool support 43 includes at least one cutting bit carrier 53, and the fourth tool support 44 includes at least one cutting bit carrier 54. Each of the plurality of cutting bit carriers 51, 52, 53, 54 are integrally formed with the respective tool support 41, 42, 43, 44 of the plurality of tool supports 40. In some embodiments, each or some of the plurality of cutting bit carriers 50 may be fixedly or releasable attached to the respective tool support of the plurality of tool supports 40.
As further illustrated in
The plurality of cutting bit carriers 50 and, thus, the plurality of cutting bits 60 are arranged to each other as illustrated in
As shown in
The first longitudinal axis 81 may form an angle α with the second longitudinal axis 82. Similarly, the second longitudinal axis 82 may also form the angle α with the third longitudinal axis 83, and the third longitudinal axis 84 may also from the angle α with the fourth longitudinal axis 84. The angle α may range, for example, from about 10° to about 20°.
However, in some embodiments, the angles between the first, second, third, and fourth longitudinal axes 81, 82, 83, 84 may not be identical and, hence, may be different angles.
Further, an angle β is formed between the longitudinal axis 81 of the cutting bit carrier 51 of the first group of cutting bit carriers 61 and the longitudinal axis 81′ of the cutting bit carrier 51′ of the second group of cutting bit carriers 62. The angle β may range, for example, from about 50° to about 70°. In some embodiments, in case that the plurality of cutting bit carriers 50 is symmetrically disposed at each of the plurality of tool supports 40, the angle β may be 360°/n, where n is the number of cutting bits at the respective tool support.
It should be noted that the number of cutting bit carriers may also vary between the plurality of tool supports 40. For example, the first tool support 41 may include six cutting bit carriers and, thus, six cutting bits, whereas the second tool support 42 may include more or less than six cutting bit carriers and, thus, more or less than six cutting bits.
With respect to
Referring to
With respect to
The annular body 90 includes a substantially rectangular cross-section. However, in some embodiments, the annular body 90 may include any other suitable cross-sectional shape, such as, for example, a circular cross-section, an oval-cross section or a square cross-section.
The tool support recess 46, as shown in
Furthermore, as depicted in
The tool support 41 further includes at least one bore 96 configured receive the pin 39 (see
It should be noted that the locations of the tool support recess 46 and the tool support protrusion 48 may also be different to the configuration as shown in
With respect to
The configuration of the tool support recess 46 and the tool support protrusion 48 engaging each other is not limited to the configuration as illustrated in
As also indicated in
Referring now to
The cutting bit carrier blind hole 56 may also include an undercut section 58 disposed at a bottom portion of the cutting bit carrier blind hole 56, which means at the deepest portion of the cutting bit carrier blind hole 56. The cutting bit 60 includes a bottom portion 64 and a cutting portion 66 configured to engage the material to be extracted.
The cutting bit 60 may be non-removably supported by the cutting bit carrier 51, such that the cutting bit 60 includes a widened diameter at its bottom portion substantially corresponding to the undercut section 58. Therefore, the cutting bit 60 is prevented from disengaging the cutting bit carrier 51, which means from falling out of the cutting bit carrier blind hole 56. But it should be again noted, that the cutting bit 60 is still rotatably supported by the cutting bit carrier 51.
As also shown in
In the following an exemplary process for assembling the cutting bit 60 to the cutting bit carrier 51 may be described in detail. First, the cutting bit 60 initially including a substantially cylindrical shape may be heated to a predetermined temperature suitable for mechanically deforming the cutting bit 60. Then, the bottom portion 64 of the cutting bit 60 is introduced into the cutting bit carrier blind hole 56, such that the bottom portion 64 at least partially protrudes into the undercut section 58. Preferably, the bottom portion 64 is introduced into the cutting bit carrier blind hole 58 until the bottom portion 64 of the cutting bit 60 reaches the deepest point of the cutting bit carrier blind hole 56, particularly the deepest point of the undercut section 58.
By applying a compression force onto the cutting bit 60 in the direction along the longitudinal axis 81, the bottom portion 64 of the cutting bit 60 may be deformed until the bottom portion 64 at least partially adopts the shape of the undercut section 58. Thus, the cutting bit 60 is non-removably mounted to the cutting bit carrier 51, while still being rotatable about the longitudinal axis 81. Each of the plurality of tool supports 40 may be comprised of, for instance, high-tensile steel withstanding high mechanical stress.
Referring to
In
As further indicated in
Referring to
As further shown in
Each of the plurality of cutting bit carriers 150 is, as illustrated in
The base member 120 includes a substantially cone-like shape and provides a conical lateral surface 121 embodying a contact surface for the tool supports 140. Each of the inner portions of the annular tool supports 141, 142, 143, 144 substantially corresponds to the outer diameter of the cone-like shaped base member 120 at the respective axial position with respect to the rotational axis 112. The annular tool supports 140 will be described in greater detail with respect to
The center bore 130 of the base member 120 includes drive bushing 131 integrally formed with the base member 120. However, similarly to the base member 20 of
For attaching the cutting head 110 to the driving device, a screw 114 may be inserted from the peak portion through an opening 134. The screw 114 may be received by a corresponding thread (not shown) formed in the driving device also engaging the drive bushing 131.
The cutting head 110 further includes an anti-rotation mechanism configured to prevent relative movement between at least one tool support 140 and the base member 120, especially to prevent rotationally movement between at least one tool support 140 and the base member 120. For example, the anti-rotation mechanism includes at least one feather key 138 attached to the lateral surface 121 of the base member 120. As exemplarily shown in
In the exemplary embodiment described herein, three feather keys 138 are symmetrically attached to the base member 120 about the circumference of the lateral surface 121 at the same axial position in relation to the rotational axis 112 (see particularly
In the preferred embodiment, the at least one feather key 138 is attached to the base member 120 such that its longitudinal axis intersects with the rotational axis 112. Thus, the at least one feather key 138 having a generally rectangular shape substantially extends from top to bottom along the lateral surface 121. In some embodiments, the at least one feather key 138 may be obliquely attached at the lateral surface 121 such that the at least one tool support 140 engaging the feather key 138 may be partially screwed onto the base member 120.
The at least one feather key 138 is configured to engage at least one tool support 140 for preventing relative movement between the base member 140 and the at least one tool support 140. As illustrated in
Referring to
By providing the anti-rotation mechanism including at least one feather key 138 in combination with at least one locking element 139 at the respective interfaces between two adjacent tool supports 140, the tool supports 140 are prevented from rotational movement relative to the base member 120. Thus, proper operation of the cutting head 110 may be ensured.
The locking elements 139 are not limited to the form of balls as shown in
The locking elements 139 are inserted in corresponding locking recesses 196 formed in the first and second end face sides 192, 194 of the annular tool supports 140 (see
As also illustrated in
Similarly to the embodiments of
A perspective view of an exemplary base member 120 is shown in
Referring to
The tool support 142 includes an annular body 190 and a plurality of cutting bit carriers 150 (not explicitly shown in
The annular tool support 142 includes an inner portion 191 providing a cone-shaped lateral inner surface 193 substantially corresponding to the lateral surface 121 of the base member 120 at the respective axial position with respect to the rotational axis 112. The lateral surface 193 includes at least one feather key groove 195 configured to match with the at least one feather key 138. Specifically, the quantity of feather key grooves 195 corresponds to the quantity of feather keys 138. In the exemplary embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, in case that the feather keys 138 are obliquely oriented, the feather key grooves 138 may correspondingly be obliquely oriented such that the tool support 142 may be at least partially screwed onto the base member 120 for matching the feather key grooves 195 to the feather keys 138.
At the first end face side 192, the annular body 190 includes at least one locking recess 196 substantially corresponding to the at least one locking element 139. In the embodiment shown in
With the tool supports 141, 142, 143, 144 mounted to the base member 120, at least the feather key grooves 195 of the third tool support 143 engage the feather keys 138, such that rotational movement of at least the third tool support 143 relative to the base member 120 is locked. By further providing the plurality of locking elements 139 inserted in the plurality of locking recesses 196, rotational movements between adjacent tool supports 140 are further prevented. Thus, a defined orientation and position of the tool supports 140 with respect to one another and with respect to the base member 120 is achieved.
Similarly to
The plurality of cutting bit carriers 150 are attached to the annular body 190 at, for instance, an angular face 197. In some embodiments, the plurality of cutting bit carriers 150 may be attached to the annular body 190 at the planar angular surface 198.
In other exemplary embodiments, the stepped base member 20 of
In the following, an exemplary operation of the exemplary disclosed cutting head 10 is described with respect to
During operation, a rotatable cutting drum including at least one exemplary disclosed cutting head 10, 110 may rotate each of the at least one cutting head 10, 110 for winning rock, coal, or mineral materials in an underground mine. Specifically, a driving device transmits torque to the cutting head 10, 110 via the drive bushing 31, 131. As the plurality of cutting bits 60 are rotatably supported by the plurality of cutting bit carriers 50, 150, the engaging time of the cutting bits 60 with, for example, the rock is short, which may reduce the mechanical stress to the cutting bits 60.
However, after a certain time, and due to the continues mechanical stress, the cutting bits 60 may be worn, such that they need to be replaced by new cutting bits 60. With the exemplary disclosed modular cutting head 10, 110, it is possible to completely replace an tool support supporting worn cutting bits 60.
In the case of, for example, worn cutting bits 60 at the third tool support 43, 143, the fixing screws 73, 75 are loosened such that the first and second tool supports 41, 42, 141, 142 may be removed from the base member 20, 120. Then, the third tool support 43, 143 is replaced by a new tool support supporting new cutting bits 60. Subsequently, the first and second tool supports 41, 42, 141, 142 are positioned on the base member 20, 120 and fixed to the base member 20, 120 by fastening the fixing screws 73, 75.
In some embodiments, the cutting bits 60 may be removably supported by the cutting bit carriers 50, 150. In such case, instead of separately replacing worn cutting bits 60, it may be possible to replace the respective tool support with another tool support supporting new cutting bits. Then, while the cutting machine is operating again, the worn cutting bits 60 of the removed tool support may be replaced with new cutting bits 60. This may reduce the downtime of the cutting machine, as replacing a complete tool support may require less time than replacing each worn cutting bit. Therefore, the efficiency of the cutting machine may be increased.
Although the preferred embodiments of this invention have been described herein, improvements and modifications may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13170924 | Jun 2013 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2014/001288 | 5/13/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014/194979 | 12/11/2014 | WO | A |
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| Entry |
|---|
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| International Search Report dated Oct. 23, 2015, in Patent Application No. PCT/EP2014/001288 by the European Patent Office (3 pages). |
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| European Search Report dated Nov. 7, 2013, in Patent Application No. EP 13 17 0924.8 (2 pages). |
| U.S. National Stage Application of Joachim Raschka et al. titled “Modular Cutting Tool,” filed Dec. 4, 2015. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170254199 A1 | Sep 2017 | US |
