Patent Application
20060199701
The present invention relates to exercise equipment.
The benefits of regular aerobic exercise are well established. However, due to time constraints, inclement weather, and other reasons, many people are prevented from aerobic activities such as walking, jogging, running, and swimming. In response, a variety of exercise equipment has been developed for aerobic activity. It is generally desirable to exercise a large number of different muscles over a significantly large range of motion so as to provide for balanced physical development, to maximize muscle length and flexibility, and to achieve optimum levels of aerobic exercise. It is further advantageous for exercise equipment to provide smooth and natural motion, thus avoiding significant jarring and straining that can damage both muscles and joints.
While various exercise systems are known in the prior art, these systems suffer from a variety of shortcomings that limit their benefits and/or include unnecessary risks and undesirable features. For example, stationary bicycles are a popular exercise system in the prior art; however, these machines employ a sitting position that utilizes only a relatively small number of muscles, through a fairly limited range of motion. Cross-country skiing devices are also utilized to simulate the gliding motion of cross-country skiing. While cross-country skiing devices exercise more muscles than stationary bicycles, the substantially flat shuffling foot motion provided by the ski devices limits the range of motion of some of the muscles being exercised. Another type of exercise device simulates stair climbing. These devices exercise more muscles than stationary bicycles; however, the rather limited range of up-and-down motion utilized does not exercise the user's leg muscles through a large range of motion. Treadmills are still a further type of exercise device in the prior art. Treadmills allow natural walking or jogging motions in a relatively limited area. A drawback of the treadmill, however, is that significant jarring of the hip, knee, ankle and other joints of the body may occur through use of this device.
A further limitation of a majority of exercise systems in the prior art lies in the limits in the types of motions that they can produce. Relatively new classes of exercise devices are capable of producing elliptical motion. Exercise systems create elliptical motion, as referred to herein, when the path traveled by a user's feet while using the exercise system follows an arcuate or ellipse-shaped path of travel. Elliptical motion is much more natural and analogous to running, jogging, walking, etc., than the linear-type, back and forth motions produced by some prior art exercise equipment.
Exercise devices that can provide arm and shoulder motions as well as arcuate foot motions are also desirable. Prior art devices utilize arm and shoulder motions that are linked to foot motions. These linked devices incorporate forced coordinated motion, where the motions of a user's feet are linked to the motions of a user's arms and shoulders. Thus, the user's feet are forced to move in response to the movement of the user's arms and shoulders (in substantially an equal and opposite amount), and vice versa.
One drawback to these linked devices lies in the ability of the user during operation to unintentionally exert little or no force on the arm apparatuses due to the linkage with the foot links. The arm apparatus travels through a given path regardless of whether the user is exerting any force on the arm due to the force being exerted on the foot links. The opposite drawback can also occur where too much force is being exerted on the arm apparatus, thereby diminishing the amount of force required to be exerted on the foot apparatuses. a corollary drawback is the inability to place a different resistive load on the arm apparatus than on the foot links or to vary the load placed on the arm links relative to the load placed on the foot links.
A further drawback is that, in existing machines the arm links travel a full stroke length, in conjunction with the foot links. This can lead to arm movements that are not consistent with the natural movement of the arms, particularly when a user operates the machine at a rapid pace. Also, a person with shorter arms may desire a different arm stroke length than a taller person.
In addition, in the prior art devices where the arm and shoulder motions that are linked to foot motions, the given path through which the arm travels follows a generally convex movement relative to the ground where the forward-most and rearward-most positions of the handles are lower than the mid-travel position of the handle. This generally convex motion is in contrast to the natural motion of the arms during running, which follow a generally concave motion relative to the ground.
What would thus be desirable is an exercise device that provides for smooth natural action, exercises a relatively large number of muscles through a large range of elliptical motion, employs arm, shoulder, and rotational movement, and provides for safety and stability. Such an exercise device would assure that the user exerts a proper or desired amount of arm and shoulder force. Such an exercise device would allow a user to place and vary a different resistive load on the arm apparatus than on the foot links. Such an exercise device would provide a more natural path for the arms. Such an exercise device would provide a full body elliptical exercise experience that allowed for a user to define, and vary as desired, the stroke length of the arm links.
An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the present invention provides for smooth natural action, exercises a relatively large number of muscles through a large range of elliptical motion, employs arm, shoulder and rotational movement, and provides for safety and stability. An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the present invention assures that the user exerts a proper amount of arm and shoulder force. An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the present invention allows a user to place and vary a different resistive load on the arm apparatus than on the foot links. An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the present invention provides a more natural path for the arms. An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the present invention provides a full body elliptical exercise experience that allows for a user to define, and vary as desired, the stroke length of the arm links.
In accordance with the present invention, an exercise device is provided having a frame defining a longitudinal axis, the frame having a rearward portion and a forward portion. A pair of foot links include a rearward portion that is constrained to move in an orbital path approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis and a forward portion that reciprocally engages the guide track. A left swing arm and a right swing arm are provided, both having a reciprocating movement. The swing arms operate independently from the foot links. The swing arms are connected to the frame by a pair of pivotal connection points, thereby imparting a three-point reciprocating movement whereby a natural “stride” movement of the arm of a user is replicated. The natural “stride” movement of the arm of the user follows a generally concave motion relative to the ground. Because the swing arms operate independently from the foot links, the length of the movement of the arm of the user is defined by the user. In addition, because the swing arms operate independently from the foot links, a different resistive load can be applied on the arm apparatus than on the foot links.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
While an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Left and right foot links 60, 70 each include a forward portion 62, 72, a rearward portion 64, 74, and a foot support portion 66, 76 there between. The rearward portions 64, 74 of the foot links 60, 70 engage a pair of crank arm assemblies 40, 50 such that the foot support portions 66, 76 of the foot links travel in an elliptical reciprocal path as the transverse axle 34 rotates.
The forward portions 62, 72 of the foot links 60, 70 preferably are supported by rollers 68, 78, which engage guide tracks 42, 52 that are mounted to the frame 12. In one embodiment of the present invention, the guide tracks can be statically mounted to the frame 12, preferably in an angled position with a forward end of the guide tracks 42 and 52 positioned at a higher elevation than a rearward end of the guide tracks 42 and 52. In an alternative embodiment, the guide tracks can incorporate a mechanism such as a motor (not shown) and a lead screw (not shown) for selectively adjusting the inclination of the guide tracks.
Left and right swing arm members 80, 90, are provided. The swing arm members 80, 90 further contain left and right hand-gripping portions 82, 92. The swing arm members 80, 90 are further connected to swing arm mechanics contained within housing 100, as will be explained in greater detail below.
More particularly, the frame 12 includes the longitudinal central member 14 that terminates at forward and rearward portion portions 16, 18. Preferably, the forward portion 16 of the frame 12 simply terminates at the end of the longitudinal central member 14, while the rearward portion 18 terminates as a relatively shorter transverse member. Alternatively, other frame configurations can be employed including, for example, a shorter transverse member being positioned at forward portion of the frame as well. Ideally, but not essentially, the frame 12 is composed of tubular members that are relatively light in weight but that provide substantial strength and rigidity. The frame 12 may also be composed of solid members that provide the requisite strength and rigidity while maintaining a relatively lightweight.
The forward upright member 20 extends upwardly and slightly rearwardly from the forward portion 16 of the floor-engaging frame 12. Preferably, the upright member 20 is slightly rearwardly curved; however, the forward member 20 may be configured at other upward angles without departing from the scope of the present invention. Left and right balance arms 24, 26 depend downwardly from each end of the crossbar member 22 to engage the floor on each side of the longitudinal central member 14 near the forward portion of the exercise device 10, thereby increasing stability. Ideally, but not essentially, these members are composed of a material similar to that described above, and are formed in quasi-circular tubular configurations.
Preferably, a view screen 28 is securely coupled to the upper portion of the forward upright member 20, at an orientation that is easily viewable to a user of the device 10. Instructions for operating the device as well as courses being traveled may be located on the view screen 24 in an exemplary embodiment. In some embodiments of the present invention, electronic devices may be incorporated into the exerciser device 10 such as timers, odometers, speedometers, heart rate indicators, energy expenditure recorders, controllers, etc. This information may be routed to the view screen 28 for ease of viewing for a user of the device 10.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in
As shown in
Referring again to the exemplary embodiment shown in
In an alternate embodiment of the present invention the rearward portions 64, 74 of the foot links 60, 70 are rotationally connected directly to a flywheel which functions to couple the foot links 60, 70 to a pivot axis (equivalent to the axis of the transverse axle 34) and permit rotation thereabout. In this embodiment, the flywheel is preferably a double flywheel that supports rotation about a central axis. Various mechanical arrangements may be employed to embody the crank arm assemblies 40, 50 in operatively connecting the foot links 60, 70 to each other. Such variations may include a larger flywheel, a smaller flywheel, or may eliminate the flywheel entirely and incorporate a cam system with connecting linkage, provided that the foot links are coupled so as to permit an arcuate path of travel by the foot support portions 66, 76 of the foot links 60, 70.
A first resistance applicator such as a braking system can be further provided for the operation of the left and right foot links 60 and 70. The brake system can be an eddy current brake assembly. The eddy current brake assembly includes a solid metallic disk configured to operate in association with the flywheel. Ideally, an annular faceplate of highly electrically conductive material, e.g., copper, is mounted on the face of the solid disk. A pair of magnet assemblies are mounted closely adjacent the face of the solid disk opposite the annular plate. The magnet assemblies each include a central core in the form of a bar magnet surrounded by a coil assembly. The magnet assemblies are positioned along the outer perimeter portion of the disk in alignment with the annular plate. The location of the magnet assemblies may be adjusted relative to the adjacent face of the disk so as to be positioned as closely as possible to the disk without actually touching or interfering with the rotation of the disk. In alternative preferred embodiments, the first resistance applicator can incorporate other types of loading mechanisms, such as for example viscous drag, a disc brake, other friction brakes, a generator, an alternator, etc.
As most clearly shown in
Preferably, the upper surface of the guide tracks 42, 52 is shaped to contain two longitudinally extending, adjacent engagement grooves 44, 54. These engagement grooves 44, 54 give the upper surface of the guide tracks 42, 52 a generally “W-shaped” cross-sectional configuration. The engagement grooves 44, 54 are specifically sized and shaped to correspondingly mate with the rollers 68, 78 of the foot links 60, 70 in order to assist in the lateral containment of the rollers 68, 78 on the guide tracks. In addition, the lower surface of the guide tracks 42, 52 preferably contain longitudinally extending stabilizing troughs 46, 56 (see
The left and right forward portions 62, 72 of the foot links 60, 70 terminate in left and right engagement rollers 68, 78. The left and right engagement rollers 68, 78 ride along the above-described grooves 44, 54 of the guide tracks 42, 52. Preferably, the engagement rollers 68, 78 are actually pairs of rollers. The engagement rollers 68, 78 rotate about axles that are affixed to the forward portions 62, 72 of the foot links 60, 70. During use of the exercise device 10, the engagement rollers 68, 78 at the front of the foot links 60, 70 translate back and forth the length of the guide tracks 42, 52 in rolling engagement within the grooves 44, 54, as the foot support portions 66, 76 of the foot links 60, 70 travel in an arcuate path of motion, and the rearward portions 64, 74 of the foot links 60, 70 rotate about the transverse axle 34. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the engagement rollers 68, 78 could be replaced with sliding engagement mechanisms without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Referring again to
Referring to
The swing arm member 90 is connected to a pivot arm 122 at a first pivot point 84. In addition, the swing arm member 90 is pivotally coupled to a reciprocating arm 123 at pivot point 85 on a support 124, thus providing a four-bar linkage. The reciprocating arm 123 is operably connected to a gear assembly 143, 145, described in detail below. The pivot arm 122 reciprocates back and forth about an axis defined by a pivotal connection 86 with support 124 thereby imparting reciprocal back and forth movement on the swing arm member 90. Extending in front of pivot point 84, the swing arm member 90 curves inwardly, ending in a pivotal connection 85 to a reciprocating arm 123. The reciprocating arm 123 extends downwardly from a pivot point 125 to swing arm member 90. The reciprocating arm 123 reciprocates back and forth about the axis defined by the pivot point 125, thereby imparting a second reciprocal back and forth movement on the swing arm member 90.
Thus, reciprocating arm 123 and pivot arm 122 impart a reciprocating movement on the swing arm member 90. In a first position seen in
The reciprocating arm 123 includes a link extension 127a that extends upwardly from the pivot point 125. The link arm 127a is fixedly secured to reciprocating arm 123 and thus reciprocates back and forth in opposition to the reciprocating arm 123 about the pivot point 125. As best seen in
A stub shaft 141 is provided attached to forward upright member. The stub shaft 141 is connected to a spur gear 143. The spur gear 143 is connected to the stub shaft 141 by a slip gear transmission. The spur gear 143 cooperates with a partial spur gear 145 connected to the reciprocating arm 123. Thus, the slip gear transmission is engaged when the reciprocating arm 123 moves in one direction, but is disengaged when the reciprocating arm 123 moves in the opposite direction. Thus, gear assembly 143, 145 transfers energy from the pivotal motion of swing arm members 80, 90 to rotational energy through gears 143, 145. While the embodiment described herein utilizes a spur gear and partial spur gear assembly, additional assemblies that transfer energy from the pivotal motion of swing arm members 80, 90 to rotational energy can be used, such as for example friction drive, belts, pulleys, other types of gears, etc. In a further embodiment, a flywheel (not seen) can be provided to smooth the natural “stride” movement of the swing arm members 80, 90. The flywheel can be held in housing attached to the forward upright member 20. The flywheel can be mounted on a stub shaft 141 rotatably extending transversely through the housing.
A second resistance applicator such as a braking system 134 (
In one embodiment, a single resistance applicator system can be used to apply a resistance to the operation of the both the swing arms and the foot links. However, preferably, first and second resistance applicators are used wherein the first resistance applicator applies a load to the operation of the foot links and the second resistance applicator applies a load to the operation of the arm links. The first and second resistance applicators operate independently and can provided different variable loads the foot links and the swing arms.
To use the present invention, the user stands on the foot support portions 66, 76 and grasps the hand-gripping portions 82, 92. The user imparts a rearward stepping motion on one of the foot support portions and a forward stepping motion on the other foot support portion, thereby causing the transverse axle 34 to rotate in a clockwise direction (when viewed from the right side as shown in
A system for controlling and coordinating the angle of inclination of the guide tracks 42, 52 and the resistance applied to the rotation of the flywheels 24 to achieve a desired workout level is illustrated schematically in
The exercise control system 184 of the present invention includes an alternating current power inlet 194 connectable to a standard amperage AC 110 volt power supply. The power inlet 194 is routed to a transformer 196 and then on to a brake systems and the display 28. Typically, the height adjustment mechanism utilizes AC power, and thus, is not connected to the transformer 196. The height adjustment mechanism can include a sensing system 147 to sense the angle of inclination of the guide tracks 42, 52 and an actuator 136 to effectuate the adjustment. This information is routed through the analog to digital interface 188, through controller 190 and to the CPU 192.
The rotational speeds of each of the flywheels can also be monitored. A first sensor 180 can be provided to monitor the lower body flywheel 36. A second sensor 181 can be provided to monitor the upper body flywheel. Speed information is transmitted to the CPU through the analog to digital interface 188 and controller 190. Thus, during use the CPU is apprised of the heart rate or other physical parameter of the exerciser being sensed by sensor 186, the angle of inclination of the guide tracks 42, 52, and the speeds of the flywheels. This information, or related information, may be displayed to the exerciser through display 28.
Further, through the present invention, a desired workout level may be maintained through the control system 184. For instance, certain parameters may be inputted by the exerciser, such as age, height, and sex, to achieve a desired heart rate range during exercise. Alternatively, the desired heart rate range may be directly entered by the exerciser. Other parameters may or may not be inputted by the exerciser, such as the desired speed of the flywheel corresponding to cycles per minute of the foot links and/or inclination of the guide tracks 42, 52. With this information, the control system of the present invention can adjust the braking systems and/or the height adjustment mechanism to achieve the desired workout level.
It is to be understood that various courses or workout regimes may be preprogrammed into the CPU 192 or designed by the user to reflect various parameters, including a desired cardiovascular range, type of stepping action, etc. The control system 184 thereupon will control the brake system as well as the height adjustment mechanism to correspond to the desired workout regime.
Referring to
While the invention has been described with specific embodiments, other alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it will be intended to include all such alternatives, modifications and variations set forth within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
