Patent Application
20110288976
This invention relates generally to the communication of data and more particularly to communications which are encrypted.
While distributed network systems such as the Internet, have expanded the horizons for the world in the collection and dissemination of knowledge, by the very nature of these systems, there has developed a growing awareness that information which is so easily obtained, is also lost with the same ease. The problems and crimes associated with the broad dissemination of information have become common place occurrences, and the problems are only expected to become more pronounce in the future.
These problems include such things as: identity theft; credit card theft; hacking into private data-bases; disrupting private computers through “viruses”; disruption of governmental data bases; fraudulent control of traffic systems; and many more.
Central to all of these problems is the intrinsic anonymous nature of the communications. A receiver of information receives only bits/bytes of digital information and the source of such digital information is generally unknown. Within the Internet, identities are easily created.
In an attempt to provide some level of knowledge of the other side, passwords and ID's (identification values/symbols) are often used. Unfortunately, often these passwords/IDs are stolen and are then used indiscriminately by a criminal or hacker.
Another technique which has been used to curtail the improper gathers of information is the creation of encryption techniques such as the iKP protocol. These protection schemes though attempt to develop a standard encryption methodology which is used for every secure transmission, but this requirement in and of itself tends to make the encryption both difficult in use and in storing.
Almost by the very nature of encryption, encryption must be complex. The Enigma Machine developed by Germany during World War II was an elaborate and complex systems of gears which was used to map each new character and which relied upon the previously mapped message in determining how the next character was mapped.
While there is a natural tendency to use “complex” solutions, these complexities make the use of the solution difficult if not impossible.
Another problem which computer users have encountered is the unauthorized planting of “viruses”, “spyware”, and other programs into a user's computer. These unauthorized programs often enter the computer innocuously during normal operation of the computer and are then stored into the computer's memory automatically during normal shut-down of the computer.
If left unchecked, these unauthorized programs can cripple a computer; and in some situations, sensitive data is stolen without the user ever being aware of the theft.
One method used to obtain information from a computer is to implant a program that monitors the keystrokes that the authorized user is entering. With this knowledge, the interloper is able to obtain critical information such as passwords, Personal Identification Numbers (PINs), account data, and other personal information. This information is then often used by the interloper to steal the users identity for nefarious purposes.
It is clear there is a need for an efficient protection from the unauthorized use of an individual's computer.
A communications system in which a sending computer encrypts a message using a key associated with the computer which is to receive the message; the receiving computer uses a key associated with the sending computer in the decryption process.
In the preferred embodiment, the sending computer is equipped with a set of keys and each key within the set is useable for the encryption process. The selection of a particular key depends on the destination of the message; or, if it is the first time a message is being sent to that destination, the key is arbitrarily selected and a record associated the arbitrarily selected key and the destination is made for future reference.
While the present discussion refers to “computer”, the invention is not intended to apply solely to a single or stand-alone computer. Rather, the term “computer” is intended to relate to a single computer as well as a system of computers which work in concert to obtain the objectives outlined.
The following discussion recognizes that a computer is configured to perform a designated operation on data to obtain a desired result. Configuration of a computer is often done through a programming language (e.g. assembly, basic, Colbol, Fortran, C.) which defines the function of the computer; but, in some situations, “hard wired” or dedicated circuitry is also used.
Within the present discussion, the invention relates to a sequence of symbols which are represented in a digital manner. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of such sequences such as the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). In some situations, the digital map to symbols is arbitrarily done. In this case, each symbol is arbitrarily assigned a unique value which forms another level of encryption.
The present discussion refers to the Internet, but, the invention is not intended to be so limited and is viable for any distributed network of computers.
For ease in reference, some many of the terms used herein, such as “computers”, “keys”, “data”, “messages” and the like, have been given labels (such as first, second third or primary, secondary, etc.) to help identify them; but, these labels are not intended to be limiting as to the order of use, ownership, or physical position.
Within this invention, each “computer” is defined by its capabilities or function.
Within the present invention, each digital value which is to be communicated, is mapped uniquely to another value within the field. In this manner, the mapping or encrypting is done on an individual value without any necessary reference to prior or future encryptions. To accomplish this unique mapping objective, the encrypting site and the decrypting site both have a “key” which is used both for the encrypting and decrypting operation. Since the “key” or mapping template provides a unique mapping and that “key” is not available to others, the possibility of a “hacker” being able to fraudulently decrypt the message is all but eliminated.
In this context, the “key” is a series of values which are used in both the mapping process and the reverse-mapping process and consists of a series Sj.
The creation of the key is accomplished through a variety techniques, including, but not limited to: random number generation, prior data based, fixed set, historically based, based on the computer identification/serial number, or any combination of the above.
Random number based keys are created using a programmed or “canned” random number generator. These generators produce a series of values which appear random, but, in actuality are not truly random in that each time the random number generator program is initiated, it produces an identical series of “random numbers”; hence, if the encrypting and the decrypting computers operate the same random number generator, both computers develop identical series of values.
An alternative technique creates a series of numbers to create the key using values from the message or the key itself which have been produced or provided earlier. In this case, a Markov type of series is produced. The creation of the function which produces this series of values is limitless and relies only upon the creative power of the developer. As example, the following are all possible functions:
S
j=3*Sj-1+2*Sj-2+Sj-3 OR Sj=3*Oj-1+2Oj-2+Oj-3
S
j
=Abs(3*Sj-1−(Sj-2+Sj-3)2) Sj=Abs(3*Oj-1−(Oj-2+Oj-3)2)
S
j
=S
j-1
+S
j-2
+S
j-3
S
j
=O
j-1
+O
j-2
+O
j-3
S
j
=S
j-1+2 Sj=Oj-1+2
S
j=2Sj-2+5 Sj=2*Oj-2+5
(Note, within this discussion, “*” denotes multiplication; “ABS” denotes absolute value)
A fixed set is any sequence of values. Ideally these values should not have any readily discernable relationship or patter, making hacking the message even more difficult. When a fixed set is used, both the encrypting and the decrypting computer ideally have the fixed set within their own memory. Again, the number of sets which can be used are only limited by the creativity of the developer of such sets. Examples of such sets include:
Note, the length of the fixed set isn't critical to the process as the set can be extended to any required length (to fit the message itself) by simply repeating the fixed set, reversing its order, skipping values when repeating the set, etc. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of different techniques which allow the fixed set's length to be extended.
Also note, the values within the key are not limited to a particular range; although some embodiments do limit the values to a set range for ease in computation.
A “key” is possible using historical data. In this method, each new message is used to establish a new “key”. As example, if the message was, “The red dog ran home”, then these values will be used as the key for the second message; and the second message will act as a “key” for the third message; etc.
A “key” can also be made using the computer's own identification. Such fixed values include the serial numbers of the computers involved and/or the e-mail identifier for the computers. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of techniques which serve this function. As example, assume the computer's serial number is: AJX45812, then a potential initial key is (assigning numerical values to the letters):
with a subsequent set being defined as the value in the first set added to the next occurring value:
This technique can be repeated as many times as is necessary to provide mapping values for the length of the message being received.
Even further, some “keys” are created using combinations of the above.
For purposes of description, the following are used as the mathematical basis for the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Using the above references, the preferred embodiment uses a mapping function as indicated:
E
j
=M(Oj,Sj)=R[Oj+R(Sj,Xj)Xj]
Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of other relationships which serve as mapping using the above structures. Examples of these types of mapping are:
E
j
=M(Oj,Sj)=R[Oj*Sj,Xj]
E
j
=M(Oj,Sj)=R[Oj+2*Sj,Xj]
E
j
=M(Oj,Sj)=R[Oj+Sj+Sj-1,Xj]
Further, those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize alternative mapping functions that are useable in the context described herein.
The invention, to protect a computer from unauthorized programs has an interface which is configured to load executable programs which are stored in an encrypted form. The interface allows for the withdrawal of and storage of executable programs from memory where the executable programs are kept in encrypted form.
During operation, the interface component of the computer system accepts an operator defined key. This key is used for both the encryption and decryption as outlined above. In the preferred embodiment, the key is collected from the operator. This assures the operator that only he is able to load executable programs onto his computer. Without the proper key, the program will not be decrypted properly and will only be “garbage” and not be able to program the computer.
The encrypted executable program is obtained from memory. Using the operator defined key, the interface decrypts the encrypted executable program into a functional executable program and places the functional executable program into the processing unit.
It is this functional executable program which is used by the processing unit.
During shutdown, each executable program is checked to see if it was derived from an encrypted executable program; those that aren't, are verified as being legitimate by the operator prior to their storage into the memory.
To accomplish this, a query is presented to the operator asking if the program should be properly stored (i.e. encrypted before being placed in memory). If the operator consents, the program is considered “authorized” and is encrypted and stored; if the operator does not consent, then the program is “trashed”.
Note, if a “hacker” were to simply place the unauthorized executable program in memory, little or no damage is done. When the computer starts up again and attempts to withdraw the unauthorized program from memory, during the decrypting process, the unauthorized program is scrambled into “garbage”. Little inducement is given for the hacker to attempt to plant a worm, spyware, cookie, or “pop-up” program.
A further advantage of the present invention is its ability to check a “key” without having the key accessible to anyone. To accomplish this, the presented key is used to decrypt an encrypted template from the memory into a decrypted template.
The now decrypted template is used as a verifying mechanism to see if the key entered by the operator was properly given or might have been mistyped.
Verifying the decrypted template may be as simple as asking the operator, “Is your name . . . ” where the decrypted template is used as the name. Other techniques for verifying the template include a simple check to a unencrypted template or an check to see if the unencrypted template matches the operator provided key. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of other uses employing the decrypted template.
This technique for checking the key provides a fail-safe method to assure the operator hasn't mis-typed the key before the key is used in the encryption and decryption process.
Another aspect of the invention provides for a secure playing of movies, such as in a download situation or via a memory (e.g. flash drive, DVD, or the like).
This aspect uses a traditional movie playing system which utilizes a system for the playing of movies (sound and video). Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of techniques used to communicate both radio signals as well as movies. These include the techniques described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,689,706, entitled “System and Method for Streaming Media” issued to Jennings on Mar. 30, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,693,508, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Broadcast Signaling in a Wireless Communication System” issued to Leung et al. on Apr. 6, 2010; and, U.S. Pat. No. 7,693,155, entitled “Method and System for Transmitting Streaming Data” issued to Igarashi on Apr. 6, 2010, all of which are incorporated hereinto by reference.
The movie is encrypted and stored on a computer in an ordered sequence of segments. These ordered segments are chosen by the owner/producer of the media to best fit the movie itself. As example, one method used is to segment the movie along scenes. Typically there is a “black” point between scenes which is totally acceptable to the viewer and is ideal for the application of this invention.
While the preferred encryption is outlined above, those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of other encryption methodologies which are applicable in this context, including, but not limited to: U.S. Pat. No. 7,689,827, entitled “Systems and Methods for Using Cryptography to Protect Secure and Insecure Computing Environments” issued to Sibert on Mar. 30, 2010; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,690,039, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Content Protection in a Secure Content Delivery System” issued to Schmeidler et al. on Mar. 30, 2010, both of which are incorporated hereinto by reference.
The computer iteratively decrypts each segment and plays that decrypted segment on the movie playing system. When the segment is nearly or fully complete, the computer decrypts the next segment and deletes the prior decrypted segment. In this way, only a single segment is “in the open” at any one time. This prevents a fully decrypted copy from being exposed to unauthorized duplication.
This segment approach is also applicable for other types of content (besides movies) such as books and music. While those of ordinary skill in the art recognize a variety of download methods, one such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,689,510, entitled “Methods and System for Use in Network Management of Content” issued to Lamkin at al. on Mar. 30, 2010, incorporated hereinto by reference.
Ideally security is provided through the use of a physical identifying key which the computer uses in the decrypting process. This physical key is typically a memory apparatus which is connected to the computer and which contains data which is used to complete the decryption algorithm. When a physical key is used, the ability to view the movie or other content is restricted to the owner of the physical key.
In some embodiments, the security data from the key is also used in the encryption of the segments and is communicated to the remote source of the movie which uses the security data in the encryption of the segments.
Security from piracy is heightened with the computer checking to see if a recording apparatus is connected to the computer. If such a recording apparatus is present, then the program stops. In some embodiments, when the program stops due to the presence of a recording apparatus, the decrypted segment is deleted; in other embodiments, the entire sequence of encrypted segments is deleted; and, in still other embodiments, the computer notifies a remote monitoring computer via the Internet or other such medium.
In one aspect of the present invention, a security system for data entry is created so that key strokes by a user are secured from an interloper. In many security situations, such as electronic banking, the threat from hackers is extreme. Often, a keyboard monitoring program is hidden on the computer to collect all of the key strokes and data entry streams from peripherals, thereby revealing the users passwords, PINS, account data, and other confidential information allowing the hacker to easily gain entry. This invention prevents the hidden tracking program from collecting any useful data.
An input apparatus with a programmable screen is used. Those of ordinary skill in the art readily recognize a variety of such apparatus such as, but not limited to cellular telephones and computers, electronic gaming devices and other programmable apparatus. These components on the screens are often activated using a computer mouse or pointing system which allows the operator to place a cursor over a selected “button” and “activate” the “button”. Other compatible apparatus utilize a touch screen where the operator touches the screen above the “button” to “activate” it.
The input apparatus communicates with a remote computer and establishes a link therebetween. For financial applications or other sensitive applications such as medical situations, the remote computer is often a “processing computer” which permits an operator of the input apparatus to gain access to financial/sensitive data. The processing computer collects the salient input data from the operator of the input apparatus and communicates this data, often in encrypted fashion, with a financial computer such as a computer in a bank or an Automated Clearing House (ACH) for transacting a financial activity such as electronic payments, account transfers, accessing personal information, and the like.
Prior to collecting the data from the operator of the input apparatus, the remote computer determines positions of “keys” to be presented on the screen of the input apparatus. Screen configuration is accomplished through the use of pre-defined templates, by using a sequence generator as defined above, or any number of other techniques obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Ideally the positions of the “keys” are determined anew each time the input apparatus and the remote computer interface with each other so that an interloper is unable to ascertain any pattern.
These “key” positions are communicated (ideally in encrypted fashion) to the input apparatus which places the “keys” on the screen of the input apparatus. As the operator of the input apparatus choses a “key”, using a computer mouse or a touch screen, the coordinates of the selection are communicated to the remote computer, not the “keys” associated value or letter. In the preferred embodiment, the communication of the series of coordinates is encrypted for heightened security.
The remote computer maps the coordinates to the appropriate number values or characters for use in a financial transaction and communicates the now identifiable characters to the financial computer outlined above.
The invention, together with various embodiments thereof, will be more fully explained by the accompanying drawings and the following descriptions thereof.
Mail server computer 14 is accessible to multiple computers via the Internet 13. For this illustration, three computers are used. Computers 10, 11, and 12, are connected to the Internet 13 and by extension, also to mail server 14.
Two different types of operations are possible with this configuration:
Addressing the first scenario, computer 10 is equipped with the encryption software (M) and a set of keys as defined above (in an alternative embodiment, computer 10 is configured to establish the key using one of the techniques above); but, computer 11 does not have the decryption software (M′) nor any keys.
The user of computer 10 enters a communication, MSG and a destination address (i.e. the e-mail address for computer 11 (or some other identifier). Computer 14 determines that this destination has not been used before so one of the keys from the set of keys is arbitrarily selected. Using this key and the mapping function, M. The communication MSG is encrypted.
The now-encrypted communication, an identifier of the key used, and the destination address, are communicated to the mail server computer 14 by computer 10 via Internet 13.
Mail server computer 14 recognizes that computer 10 has not previously communicated securely with computer 11. Using the destination information, computer 14 sends an unencrypted message to computer 11 and provides computer 11 with the capability to download the decryption function/software M′ together with a single key which is to be used to decrypt the encrypted communication.
In this manner, computer 11 is provided with the capability to receive secure communications from computer 10; but, computer 11 is not able to send secure communications back to computer 10 (nor to any other computers) without acquiring the encryption mapping capability M together with the entire set of keys.
In the second scenario, the case where two computers have already established a relationship, computer 10 is equipped with the encryption software (M) and computer 12 has the decryption software (M′) together with a set of keys.
The user of computer 10 enters a communication, MSG and a destination address (i.e. the e-mail address for computer 12 or other identifier). Using the destination address (an identification of computer 12), computer 10 identifies a specific key within the set of keys and uses the specific key with the mapping function M on the communication MSG to create the encrypted message.
The encrypted message is communicated from computer 10 via the Internet 13 to mail server computer 14. Mail server computer 14, knowing the source of the now-encrypted communication, as well as the destination address (computer 12), determines that these two computers have been in previous secure communications; hence, mail server computer 14 passes the communication along to computer 12.
In an alternative embodiment, mail server computer 14 decrypts the message from computer 10 and re-encrypts the message specifically for computer 12. This embodiment provides another level of security.
In yet another embodiment, mail server computer 14 either directly or instructs computer 10 to modify its memory so that the next time a secure communication is sent from computer 10 to computer 12, a different key is used. This modification provides additional security relative to the communications.
Upon receipt of the encrypted message, computer 12, using the source identifier of computer 10, identifies the proper key from its memory which is to be used in the decryption process. This identified key, together with the decryption mapping function M′, allows computer 12 to recreate the original message and display (or place in memory) the original message for the user of computer 12.
Computer 12 is also able to send a secure communication to computer 10 in a manner as outlined above for a communication between computer 10 and computer 12.
Note, ideally, the entire encryption/decryption process is “transparent” to the users of computer 11 and computer 12. That is, the users only “see” decrypted material and all encryption and decryption is done automatically.
In this situation, the security which is sought isn't against a third party interloper, but, instead is from the user of computer 22 who, while authorized to obtain the data, may want to download data and then improperly share the downloaded data with others who have not paid or who are not authorized to have the downloaded data.
Download server 21 interacts with remote computers via Internet 20. Download server 21 contains digital data which is used to create music, audio, and/or video representations.
When computer 22 wants to acquire such data, contact is made by computer 22 which requests a specific set of data from download server 21. During the request, computer 22 communicates a key specific to computer 22 which is to be used for the encryption and decryption of the data set. This key is ideally an internally stored value or sequence.
Using the key for computer 22 and the data, download server 21 encrypts the data and communicates the encrypted data via Internet 20 to computer 22 which stores the encrypted data in memory. While in some embodiments, the data is decrypted prior to storage, in the preferred embodiment of this system, the encrypted data set is stored in memory and is not decrypted until ready for use.
During use of the encrypted data set by computer 22, portions of the encrypted data set are withdrawn from the memory and are decrypted. This decryption step is accomplished using the internally established key within computer 22; thereby making decryption by any other machine impossible since decryption requires the unique key uniquely found within computer 22.
To further enhance the security of the downloaded material, ideally, only a portion of the encrypted data set is ever withdrawn and decrypted; without the data ever being fully decrypted, the data is not valuable or usable by any other device except computer 22.
In like fashion, handheld computer 22 is able to interact with download server 21 via Internet 20 and obtain data which, when used by handheld computer 22 produces music, audio information, or movies.
In this embodiment, a mail server is not employed, rather, traditional e-mail communications systems are used for the delivery of the messages. Each computer (31, 32, and 33) is able to send messages which have a destination as well as a message (with or without attachments).
In this embodiment, when a user of computer 31 wants to send a secure transmission to a remote computer 33. Computer 31, by knowing the destination, is able to use the appropriate key to encrypt the message and any attachments for computer 33. On receiving the message, since computer 33 knows the source of the message, computer 33 knows the proper key to use in decrypting the message.
When the user of computer 31 wants to send a secure message to computer 32, a different key is chosen. Computer 31 is creating a series of communications with any number of remote computers, but, each remote computer receives the message in its own unique “language” which is not discernable by the other remote computers. In this manner, unique communications are available. Note, in some situations, a particular key is used with many different computers; but, the selection of the key is still based on the destination computer.
Should computer 33 receives a message purportedly from computer 31, when the message is decrypted, if the resulting message is gibberish, then computer 33 knows that the message did not originate from computer 31 (since the “language” did not match); conversely, if the message makes sense, then the user of computer 33 is assured of the true source of the message.
This technique prevents hackers from assuming a false identity merely to gain access to a computer.
To further enhance this security shield, in one embodiment, a portion of the message being communicated contains an encrypted key which is to be used for the next transmission or reply. This makes it even more difficult for the hacker to counterfeit his identity from the receiving computer. As example, the tenth characters is used as a source in the generation of random numbers by a canned random number generator.
This embodiment prevents an authorized user of the data base from improperly collecting data from the data base for nefarious uses.
In this embodiment, data base 45 contains a large amount of proprietary information which is accessible by remote computers 41, 42, and 43. The material within data base 45 is encrypted and remains encrypted using any of the techniques already discussed or others obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.
When the operator of computer 41 seeks a certain data set, such as that for a particular customer, the inquiry is sent to controller decryption/encryption 44 which identifies the particular data set within data base 45 (which is encrypted) and requests that encrypted information to be sent by data-base 45 to controller/decryption/encryption 44.
Controller decryption/encryption 44, in the preferred embodiment, decrypts the data set from its stored encrypted state and then re-encrypts the data set using a key which is specific to computer 41. When the secondly encrypted data set is received by computer 41, computer 41 decrypts the data set for use by the user of computer 41.
The user of computer 41 is able to manipulate the data set as per their job (such as changing certain elements to reflect such things as an increased loan amount). To store the up-dated data set, computer 41 encrypts the up-dated data set and communicates the encrypted material back to controller 44.
Controller 44, upon receiving the encrypted data set, recognizes the source of the material and, using the key appropriate for computer 41, decrypts the data set and then re-encrypts the data set commensurate with the encryption technique and key used for data storage within data base 45.
In this manner, the user of computer 41 is only able to acquire a limited amount of data, as the contents of the data base are kept encrypted using a key which is unknown to the user of computer 41.
As noted earlier, communication between two computers requires that each of the computers is able to identify the source of the information and the address where information is to be sent. This is true whether the transmission is considered an e-mail or an instant message.
As such, computer 51 and computer 52, when communicating with each other via Internet 50, identify themselves and each other with each of the messages being sent. While some embodiments of the invention utilize the same key for the encryption for the outgoing messages (which is also used for the decryption process), in the preferred embodiment each of the computers 51 and 52 use a unique key for the reply message. This causes message 53A to be encrypted differently than message 53B, even though the same two computers are being used for both messages.
This structure keeps someone from being able to re-create the entire “conversation” between computers 51 and 52 without knowing both encryption keys.
This technique is also extremely useful for identifying if the source of the message is who they claim to be, as a hacker will be unable to properly encrypt a message; hence, when the improperly encrypted message is decrypted, “garbage” is created.
For explanation of this figure, a software program (such as a spread sheet program) has been stored in the long term memory 63 of the computer. The program within long term memory 63 is encrypted using an identifier (such as the serial number) of the computer as the key for the encryption.
When the program is to be operated, Central Processing Unit (CPU) 60 directs a portion of the program 64A to be withdrawn and decrypted 61. The decrypted portion is communicated to the volatile or working memory (e.g. Random Access Memory—RAM, or the like) 62 which is used by CPU 60 in performing the program segment.
When further portions of the program within long term memory 63 are needed, these sections are selectively pulled 64B and 64C, decrypted 61, and used to refresh or replace the contents of RAM 62.
At no time is the entirety of the program within long term memory 63 fully decrypted; rather, only portions of the program are accessible in a decrypted form and hence only a portion of the program is ever available to be “pirated”.
This encryption technique uses a remainder operation in the mapping operations, whether that operation is for encryption or decryption. In this embodiment, the remainder subroutine (R(A,B)) receives the values A and B and returns C, the whole number remainder when A is divided by B.
After the subroutine begins 70A, a pointer is set to zero 71A and the values A and B are obtained 72. A decision is then made if A<B 73A and if so, C is assigned the value A 71B and the subroutine returns C 70B.
If the check of A<B 73A is no, then the pointer is incremented 71C and a determination is made on if the product of P*A>B is made 73B. If the determination is no, then the pointer is incremented again 71C and the process continues until P*A>B (Yes 73B); C is assigned the value of B−(P−1)*A 71D and the program returns the value C 70B.
In this manner, the remainder value is established.
E
j
=R[O
j
+R(Sj,Xj),Xj] J=1,N
Once the program starts 80A, a determination is made to see if the End of File (EOF) 85 has occurred. An EOF indicates that the entire message has been read. If there has been an EOF, then the program stops 80B; otherwise, the adjustment value from the key (Sj), the maximum number of potential characters (Xj) and the original symbol (Oj) are obtained 81.
The remainder is obtained (R[Sj, Xj]) 82A and the value C is returned. The remainder is obtained for (R[Oj+C, Xj]) 82B and C is returned. The encrypted value Ej is assigned the value C and the EE is then displayed, communicated, or stored 84. The program then returns to check for the EOF 85.
In this manner, the entire message is encrypted, symbol by symbol using a key for the mapping/encryption process.
As noted earlier, ideally the decryption process is performed automatically without any human initiation. In the preferred embodiment of the encryption, the program outlined in
Once the program starts 90A, a determination is made on if an End Of File (EOF) has occurred 91A. An EOF indicates that the entire message has been decrypted; hence, on EOF, the program stops 90B.
If there hasn't been an EOF, then the encrypted letter EE is obtained 92A followed by the adjustment value Sj and the maximum level Xj 92B. The remainder subroutine is initiated on Sj and Xj 93 returning the value C.
A comparison is then made to determine if C is less than the encrypted letter Ej 91B. If C<Ej, then the original letter Oj is Ej−C 94A; otherwise, the original letter Oj is Ej+C−Xj 94B.
With the determination of the original letter Oj, the original letter Oj is displayed (or stored) 95 and the program returns to see if an EOF has now occurred 91A.
In this manner, the entire encrypted message is decrypted letter by letter using the adjustment values as the key and the maximum value to assist in the mapping procedure.
Referencing
When the encrypted series Ej is to be played (
An EOF check 105 is made. If the EOF has been encountered, then the program stops 100D; otherwise the program loops back and pulls another encrypted value 102B.
A computer, when sending a message (
An incoming encrypted message is preferably handled as shown in
Using the preferred mapping function (Ej=M (Oj, Sj)=R[Oj+R(Sj, Xj), Xj]),
For this example, the numerical values range from 0=blank space, 1=“a”, 2=“b” . . . 25=“y”, and Xj is a constant value 26.
In this example, the key Sj, 121 which is used is defined by the series:
As illustrated, the receiving computer (doing the decryption) uses a reversing algorithm together with the key set Sj, which were also used in the encryption operation.
The power of this particular encryption technique is clear when the original message is compared to the encrypted message which is communicated over the distributed network of computers.
During playback of the movie, each segment (131A, 131B, 131C, 131D, etc.) is successively decrypted for playback and once viewed, the decrypted segment is erased.
In this manner, only a short segment of the movie is ever “in the open”; thereby preventing the movie from being improperly shared with other viewers.
When the end of the segment is sensed, the next segment is withdrawn and decrypted 141B and the previously decrypted segment is erased 141C.
This cycle continues until the entire movie has been decrypted, segment by segment, and played, segment by segment.
A check is then made to see if a recording device has been connected to the computer/playback mechanism 152A. If there is a recording device, in this embodiment, the decrypted segments are erased/destroyed and a notice is sent via the Internet to the proper parties 151B and the program stops 150B.
If there isn't a recording device 152A, then the first of the two segments is played 153. When that segment is completely shown, a check to see if the movie is complete 152B, if so, then the decrypted segments are erased/destroyed 151C and the program stops 150B.
If the movie is not complete 152B, then the first segment is erased 151D, the second decrypted segment becomes the first in the queue 151E. The next encrypted segment is decrypted 151F and becomes the second segment in the queue 151G.
The program then cycles back to see if a recording device is connected to the computer/playback mechanism 152A.
In this manner, the encrypted movie's integrity is preserved by preventing the decrypted segments from being stored for improper distribution.
In this illustration user 160 uses a physical key 162 (illustrated as a memory chip communicating via a port in computer 161) to identify themselves.
In some embodiments, the encrypted movies is produced using the security data/contents from the memory chips as a basis (at least partially) for the encrypting process. In one embodiment, the security data/contents from the chip is communicated to a remote computer/site which uses the security data/contents to encrypted the movie specifically for physical key 162.
As discussed above, the user also ideally inputs a personal identification number (PIN) as a second level of security.
Computer 161 obtains an encrypted movie 164 via the internet 163 or other such communication system. Computer 161 stores the encrypted movie 164 for later playback as outlined above.
As described above, if recording mechanism 165 is connected 166 to computer 161, the decryption/playback of the movie is prevented. This provides additional security from the making of unauthorized copies of the movie.
Key locations 173A are shown for illustration purposes only; but, with fifteen potential locations, and choosing ten numeric keys to place onto the fifteen potential locations, there are over 3000 potential arrangements. To understand the growth of the potential combinations, if there were 26 windows 173A, then there is in excess of 531,000 potential arrangements.
Input apparatus 170, a cell phone in this illustration, uses mouse 175 for operator input. The user/operator of input apparatus 170 positions the cursor over the chosen key using mouse 175 and selects the key. This selection results in the coordinates for the particular key being chosen.
Input apparatus 170 ideally encrypts this series of user selected coordinates and communicates the encrypted series to remote computer 171 via link 174A. Link 174A uses such mechanisms as the Internet, cellular networks, and others obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Remote computer 171 serves as a processing center and interacts with a financial center 172A, such as a bank computer, via link 174B. Link 174B is typically a hardwired link but other channels are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The series of coordinates is decrypted and then mapped to the associated key values and communicated to the financial center 172A via link 174B. The information communicated via link 174B is encrypted and allows the financial center 172 to perform a financial transaction in response to the instructions from an operator of input apparatus 170.
In this manner, link 174A does not contain the actual information, rather only the coordinates, which are virtually impossible for a hacker to “decode”, even if the input is being monitored at input apparatus 170 itself.
While this illustration shows an input apparatus 170 as a cellular telephone, the invention is not so limited and includes a variety of other apparatus well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including, but not limited to computer 170A which has touch screen 176B. Computer 170A communicates via link 174C with the remote computer 171.
The number of potential windows possible for screen 176B expands significantly where it is possible to easily have 100 potential key locations; this results in the number of potential screen layouts being in excess of: 17,300,000,000,000 (seventeen trillion).
As noted above, the input apparatus is the unit used by the operator to enter data to transact a financial activity. Once the program starts, 180A, the key locations are received from the remote computer 181A. In this embodiment, the key location data is encrypted so the data must be decrypted 182A to provide the information to create the display on the input apparatus' screen 183A.
In some embodiments, the screen's format is stored as a template on the input apparatus. In these embodiments, the decrypted key locations 182A identify the template to use 181B and the template is withdrawn from memory 182B.
The user then positions the cursor over the desired “key” and activates it to generate the coordinates 181C. These coordinates are encrypted 182C and transmitted 184A to the remote computer. In some embodiments, only the user's PIN is gathered in the way outlined above and the financial commands are gathered in a routine manner and transmitted 184B to the remote computer.
The input apparatus receives confirmation that the transaction has occurred, 181A, which is ideally encrypted. The confirmation is decrypted 182D and the result is displayed 183B for the user to see. The program then stops 180B.
In an alternative embodiment, the key position is adjusted/changed for each selection and is not static. This further “hides” the entry as now the interloper must identify the relationship, between coordinates and value for each entry.
The ability to use coordinates instead of actual values permits the present invention to be used in a variety of applications such as, but not limited to: cellular telephones, computers, point-of-sale terminals in stores, and electronic games.
In this manner, the input apparatus never has the actual PIN entered, rather, a series of coordinates are received which are useless to the interloper.
After a start 190A, the key locations are established 193F. This is done through a variety of techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. One such way uses the sequence generators as outlined above to choose if a particular location will have a key or not.
The key locations are communicated to the input apparatus 191A through a variety of channels/links such as the interne or cellular telephone systems.
The encrypted coordinates are received 192A from the input apparatus and the encrypted coordinates are decrypted 193A. The coordinates are then mapped to actual values 193B and then re-encrypted 193C in a manner for transmission to the financial system 191B.
The financial system's computer responds 192B with confirmation that the transaction has been accomplished or failed. This confirmation is decrypted 193D from the technique used for communications between the remote computer and the financial computer, and then re-encrypted 193E in the manner that is used between the remote computer and the input apparatus. The encrypted confirmation is communicated 191C to the input apparatus and the program stops 190B.
Using this system, as example, the operator of the cellular telephone is able to safely enter the PIN and commands to execute a financial transaction such as a transfer of funds or to check on an account balance without fear of a hidden program collecting this sensitive data.
Using the technique above, the present invention creates an efficient mechanism to protect key stroke input for a computer or cellular telephone.
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/800,476, filed on May 14, 2010, and entitled “Secure Movie Download”, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/583,250, filed on Aug. 17, 2009, and entitled “Executable Software Security System”, which was a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/223,175, filed on Sep. 8, 2005, which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/170,229, filed on Jun. 28, 2005, and entitled, “Encrypted Communications”, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,792,289, issued on Sep. 7, 2010.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11223175 | Sep 2005 | US |
| Child | 12583250 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12800476 | May 2010 | US |
| Child | 13066210 | US | |
| Parent | 12583250 | Aug 2009 | US |
| Child | 12800476 | US | |
| Parent | 11170229 | Jun 2005 | US |
| Child | 11223175 | US |
