Patent Application
20180099253
Not applicable
The disclosures of U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,070,855 and 9,387,996 are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The terms “air/vacuum,” “vacuum/air” and “air/vacuum stream,” and the like are used synonymously and interchangeably herein to denote a moving stream of air, at sub-atmospheric pressure, drawn by a vacuum pump. Such moving “air/vacuum” streams are conventionally used to convey granular plastic resin material in facilities in which the granular plastic resin is molded or extruded into finished or semi-finished plastic parts.
Similarly, the term “resin/vacuum stream” and variations thereof such as “granular resin material/vacuum stream” are used to denote such a high speed stream of air or “vacuum” carrying granules of resin material. Sometimes herein the resin is said to be “entrained” in the moving air/vacuum stream.
As used herein, the term “process machine” denotes collectively compression molding machines, injection molding machines and extruders.
“Receiver” is a term widely used in the plastics industry to denote devices that temporarily hold granular plastic resin material before the granular plastic resin material is loaded into a hopper for subsequent processing by a compression or injection molding press or an extruder.
Receivers typically include a vacuum chamber that effectively pulls granular plastic resin material into the receiver due to vacuum existing within the vacuum chamber. A vacuum pump is directly or indirectly connected to the receiver to create the vacuum required to pull granular plastic resin material into the receiver. This facilitates moving the granular plastic resin material from a typically remote location to the receiver, which typically feeds a hopper. The receiver, and the vacuum pump are typically part of a larger resin conveying system that conveys the granular plastic resin from a supply to the receiver.
Receivers may be located over surge bins or over other temporary storage units in addition to hoppers.
Receivers typically load in cycles. Specifically, the receiver loads with granular plastic resin material and then discharges the granular plastic resin material in one operating cycle. Accordingly, a receiver requires a collection bin or surge hopper below the receiver to collect the falling granular plastic resin material to be fed to the process machine.
Typically, the vacuum source is remote, namely it is not integrated into the receiver itself. The receiver, in its most simple, elementary form, is a simple chamber that has a vacuum line connected to it to pull air from the chamber to create vacuum inside the chamber. The vacuum then draws granular plastic resin material into the chamber portion of the receiver. The receiver accordingly has a material line connected to it for granular plastic resin material to be pulled by the vacuum into the strong chamber portion of the receiver. Since the receiver has a storage portion with a relatively large volume and a large cross-sectional area relative to the conduit through which the air/vacuum and granular resin material mixture travels, when the granular resin material/vacuum stream mixture reaches the receiver interior, speed of the moving air/vacuum stream drops. The kinetic energy of the stream is no longer sufficient to carry the granular resin, so the resin falls to the bottom of the receiver.
This invention provides a gravimetric blender of a different design, sometimes referred to herein as a “tower,” because the gravimetric blender of this invention has a distinctive central “tower-like” structure supporting a vacuum power unit, which will usually be a vacuum pump. The gravimetric blender accommodates up to four feeders, which may be gravimetric feeders, auger feeders, or some other type of feeder. All of the feeders may run simultaneously, or individually intermittently, with each feeder delivering material at a controlled rate to provide the correct blend to be provided as output by the gravimetric blender.
The hoppers of the gravimetric blender are preferably mounted on load cells so that the rate of loss of weight of material within the hopper can be continuously detected. Using feedback, preferably controlled by a microprocessor, metering rate of material from each hopper can be accurately regulated to provide the correct blend of material output by the gravitation blender.
In the gravimetric blender of the invention, auger feeders are preferably used and are preferably mounted around a common center to meter material to a central point in the support structure for the tower portion of the blender.
The gravimetric blender of the invention incorporates an integrated design in which a receiver mounts directly over each hopper, with the receivers and the hoppers being integrated into the overall design. As a part of the integrated design, there is a single power unit providing a vacuum source for all of the receivers. This results in loading the hoppers using a small, “central” system, in which a single power source serves multiple receivers, which in turn feed associated individual hoppers. Having multiple receivers, hoppers, feeders, and a single vacuum power source, all contained in one integrated unit, provides great operating efficiencies and saves floor space, which is often at a premium in a molding or extruding facility. Similarly, the location of the power unit, and the manner in which the power unit connects to the receivers, saves space and facilitates maintenance and/or replacement of a receiver and/or the power unit (which is preferably a vacuum pump) when required.
Another feature of the invention is that each receiver has only a single tube passing through it. This single tube serves as the vacuum outlet from the receiver at one end of the tube. At the other end, the tube serves as the resin material/vacuum stream inlet to the receiver.
Another feature of the invention is the connection of the receivers to the vacuum source without tubing. The receiver-vacuum source connection vertically supports the receiver without the receiver needing a supporting base.
In the gravimetric blender according to the invention, a tall, centrally located tubular tower-like structure rises from the main base to above the receivers. The receivers connect by a structure conduit connection to the tower. The power unit, typically a vacuum pump, is preferably on top of the tower. The tower connects the vacuum pump to the receivers. An air cylinder located inside a single tube within each receiver serves to open or close the vacuum port, which is within the and a part of the conduit connection to the central tower-like structure when a hopper associated with the receiver calls for material, with the receiver being actuated and controlled by a microprocessor.
The actuating air cylinder is enclosed within a single tube in each receiver. A steel plug in the center of the tube serves to mount the air cylinder within the tube while also separating the tube ends from one another so that one end of the tube can be devoted to the vacuum connection, which is air/vacuum flow only, while the other end of the tube can serve as the resin material/vacuum stream inlet, into which a mix of high speed vacuum/air and granular resin material flows. The plug desirably has a tapered deflector surface so that granular resin material entering the receiver in the resin material/vacuum stream is deflected downwardly into the receiver interior. The plug is desirably steel with the tapered deflector end surface serving as a wear point, taking the brunt of the resin impact with abrasion resulting, which is a factor in receiver design.
Load cells and an associated microprocessor detect when the amount of granular resin material in one or more of the hoppers is excessively low and direct the power unit, typically and preferably a vacuum pump, to turn on so that a receiver associated with the hopper is actuated. The microprocessor and associated controls further provide for the conveying of granular resin material into each receiver to remain in effect for an appropriate time period for that particular receiver-hopper combination. In one aspect of the invention, the time for conveying and loading each receiver-hopper combination may be set by pressing and holding a button during the individual receiver load cycle, with release of the button setting the load time for that particular receiver within the microprocessor memory.
The tower design locates a filter blow-off device on top of the tower, just under the vacuum pump. The vacuum pump is mounted on the upper surface of a hinged plate; the filter blow-off device is mounted on the underside of the plate. When the hinged plate is tilted about a hinge to open the top of the tower, the filter blow-off device retracts out of the way and the filter, which is located within the tower below the blow-off device, is visible for inspection and replacement, if necessary.
The filter traps any dust in the vacuum air flow. The blow-off device blows the dust off the filter; the dust falls to the bottom of the tower interior. At the tower bottom is a port with a check disk which opens on pressure but closes on vacuum. As dust collects at the bottom of the tower, the weight of the dust opens the check disk and the dust drops into the granular resin material mix below. No collection vessel is required as the dust is consumed by the process machine, together with the granular material provided to the machine.
At least one receiver connects to the vertically oriented conduit and preferably is laterally supported thereby. The receiver is preferably positioned vertically below the vacuum pump for vacuum draw by the vacuum pump through the receiver via the conduit, with the receiver having a vacuum outlet to the conduit as a part of the structure supporting connection to the conduit. The receiver preferably has a granular resin material outlet, preferably at the receiver bottom.
A flap valve at the receiver bottom preferably closes responsively to vacuum drawn within the receiver and preferably opens responsively to weight of resin material thereon in the absence of vacuum draw within the receiver.
A hopper is located preferably below the receiver for receipt of resin material having preferably been temporarily stored in the receiver with the hopper receiving the resin material preferably upon weight of resin material in the hopper reaching a preselected low value. The load cell senses weight of resin material in the hopper. The microprocessor preferably actuates the air cylinder to move the valve plate into position to open the vacuum outlet from the tube to the vertically oriented conduit upon weight of resin material in the hopper reaching a low level, where granular resin material in the hopper must be replenished. Vacuum drawn within the tube pulls the granular resin material vacuum stream into the receiver, delivering granular resin material to the receiver for temporary storage therein and delivery to the associated hopper below. A feeder located below each hopper serves to convey material received from the hopper to a discharge chamber for combination with material from other hoppers prior to delivery to a process machine.
In another one of its aspects, this invention provides a receiver for temporary storage of granular resin material preparatory to delivery to a process machine for molding or extrusion. The receiver preferably includes a receptacle having a resin material/vacuum stream inlet, a vacuum outlet, and a resin material outlet preferably located at the receptacle bottom. The receiver preferably further includes a tube connected to and extending between the resin material/vacuum stream inlet and the vacuum outlet. The tube includes an air cylinder within the tube, a valve in the form of a plate connected to the air cylinder, with the plate being positioned to close the vacuum outlet preferably upon actuation of the air cylinder. The tube further includes a plug for downwardly deflecting resin material carried by the resin material/vacuum drawn stream entering the receptacle via the inlet. The receiver yet further preferably includes a flap valve at the receptacle bottom. The flap valve preferably closes responsively to vacuum drawn within the receptacle, but preferably opens responsively to weight of resin material thereon in the absence of vacuum drawn within the receptacle.
The receiver tube further desirably includes a first aperture in the tube wall, with the aperture being located upstream of the vacuum outlet, for vacuum propagation throughout the receptacle upon the air cylinder being de-energized. The receiver tube further desirably includes a screened second aperture facing downwardly in the tube wall, located upstream of the plug, for downward discharge of granular resin material deflected by the plug upon the resin material/vacuum stream impinging the plug.
In still another one of its aspects, this invention provides apparatus for delivery of granular material carried by a pressurized air or vacuum powered stream, where the apparatus includes an inlet member having a passageway extending therethrough. The apparatus preferably further includes a central body connected to the inlet member, with the central body having a passageway therethrough communicating with the inlet member passageway, and having a lateral opening formed in the central body passageway. The apparatus yet further includes, in this aspect of the invention, an outlet member, connected to the central body, having a passageway extending therethrough, communicating with the central body passageway remotely from the inlet member passageway. In this aspect of the invention, the apparatus yet further includes an actuator housed within the central body passageway and connected to the central body, the actuator having a closure member that moves upon energization of the actuator to close the outlet member. In this aspect of the invention the apparatus still yet further includes a plug connected to the central body and facing the inlet member for deflecting towards the lateral opening the granular material entering the central body as carried by the pressurized air or vacuum stream through the inlet member.
Desirably, the inlet member, the central body and the outlet member are all tubular.
Further desirably, the closure member includes a plate for moving against the outlet member passageway thereby to close the same.
In yet another one of its aspects, this invention provides a method for gravimetrically blending a plurality of granular materials where the method includes providing a vacuum source. The method proceeds with drawing a vacuum stream upwardly through a vertically oriented conduit and optionally positioning a filter in the conduit. The method yet further proceeds by providing a plurality of receivers laterally connected to and supported by the conduit, with interiors of the receivers communicating with the conduit interior via the lateral support connection.
The method still yet further proceeds by drawing separate granular material/vacuum streams into each of the receivers through tubes leading into the receivers, where the granular material/vacuum streams are drawn preferably responsively to vacuum drawn by the single vacuum source through the vertically oriented conduit. The tubes connect with the conduit at juncture of the receivers and the vertically oriented conduit, with the vacuum source drawing vacuum in a receiver via a first aperture in the tube. Each receiver has only a single such tube associated with it.
The method yet further proceeds by positioning a plug within each tube to downwardly deflect the incoming granular material/vacuum stream drawn by the vacuum source.
The method yet further proceeds preferably by halting vacuum draw in a receiver hopper by closing a valve at juncture of the receiver and the conduit, the valve preferably being powered by an air cylinder within the tube, the valve being downstream of the apertures in the tube, relatively closer to the vacuum source.
The method yet further proceeds preferably by maintaining a flap valve closed in the bottom of each receiver by a continuing draw of vacuum in the receiver, thereby preventing downward flow of granular material out of the receiver into a hopper below the receiver.
The method still further proceeds by sensing material weight in the hopper using a load cell and actuating the air cylinder, preferably using a microprocessor receiving the weight signal from the load cell, to halt vacuum draw within the receiver, thereby permitting weight of material in the receiver to open the flap valve for downward flow of material out of the receiver and into the hopper below.
Referring to the drawings in general and particularly to
A vacuum source, preferably a vacuum pump, is designated generally 20 and sits atop vertically oriented conduit 12 as illustrated in
Receivers 14 are each secured to vertically oriented conduit 12 by receiver support fittings 22 which are preferably generally hollow and cylindrical in shape, as illustrated in
Referring particularly to
Located within and fixed to each tube 25 in a receiver 14 is an air cylinder 30 which is desirably also fixed by a pin or other connection to an associated plug 28. At the bottom of each receiver 14 is a resin material outlet 32 via which resin material collected within receiver 14 may empty out of receiver 14, flowing downwardly into hopper 16 located directly below receiver 14. Such flow of material is depicted schematically in
The end of each tube 25 opposite from inlet end 26 defines an air/vacuum passageway or outlet 34 from tube 25 into vertically oriented conduit 12.
Air cylinder 30 includes a shaft 36. When air cylinder 30 is actuated, shaft 36 extends outwardly from cylinder 30 thereby forcing a plate 38, which is fixed to the end of shaft 36, against the outlet end 34 of tube 25, thereby closing tube 25 and halting draw of vacuum within receiver 14.
Connected to each receiver 14 close to the lower portion thereof is a cone, sometimes referred to as a cone cover 52. Cone cover 52 precludes any upward escape of resin material from hopper 16, as resin material flows downwardly into hopper 16 from receiver 14. (If hopper 16 is reasonably full, the granular material tends to bounce upwardly or diagonally upon falling downwardly out of receiver 14 and striking granular material already in hopper 16.) Additionally, cone cover 52 limits spread of dust throughout the processing facility.
Referring to
As best illustrated in
Inlet tube portion 24 enters receiver 14 laterally through cylindrical portion 70 of receiver 14 as illustrated in
Secured to the upper end of vertically oriented conduit 12 or “the Tower” is a tower cylindrical fitting designated generally 74 and illustrated in
On the top extremity of each of the two tower risers 42 that form vertically oriented conduit 12 are the pair of horizontal flanges 80 that together form a larger horizontal plate 82; the two parts 202, 204 of horizontal flanges 80 are coplanar. The two horizontal flanges 80 contact one another, as risers 42 are bolted or screwed together, to form a horizontal plate 82, which effectively forms a flat, planar mounting surface for a tower cylindrical fitting 74. Nut and bolt combinations that retain tower cylindrical fitting 74 on horizontal plate 82 are shown but not numbered in
Tower cylindrical fitting 74 has an open bottom into which a dust filter 76 fits as illustrated in
The vacuum “draw”, as that term is used herein, refers to air drawn by vacuum pump 20 under sufficient level of vacuum to carry granular resin material from a storage bin (not shown) through a conduit (not shown) to inlet end 26 of inlet tube portion 24 of tube 25 and into receiver 14. The vacuum draw is sufficient to maintain dump flap 56 closed against the weight of resin material within receiver 14 until such time as air cylinder 30 is actuated to push plate 38 against tubular fitting 58 to close tubular fitting 58, thereby preventing vacuum draw from vertically oriented conduit 12 reaching receiver 14. Once valve plate 38 has closed against tubular fitting 58 to close the opening to tubular fitting 58, vacuum no longer exists within receiver 14 and any resin material therein flows downwardly. The weight of any resin material in receiver 14 overcomes any force applied by dump flap 56, opening dump flap 56 with the resin material flowing downwardly into hopper 16 immediately below receiver 14.
A hinge 84 has one portion 92 secured to the side of tower cylindrical fitting 74 as illustrated in
Also secured to plate 72 on the underside thereof but spaced therefrom is a blowback unit 78 of the type disclosed in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,070,844; and 9,387,996. When plate 72 is in the horizontal position, lying across the top of tower cylindrical fitting 74, blow-back unit 78 is spaced close to but away from dust filter 76. Upon actuation of blowback unit 78, when vacuum pump 20 has been shut down, blowback unit 78 emits a powerful downwardly directed blast of air which knocks the collected dust and fines out of filter 76, whereupon the dust and fines fall downwardly through vertically oriented conduit 12, as illustrated in
Referring primarily to
Referring to
Referring to
Each hopper support assembly 102 includes a feeder 18 with feeder 18 including a feed tube 104 desirably having an auger feed or screw 106 located therewithin as illustrated in
As shown in
Plate-like portion 114 of bracket 110 rests on a sandwich-like assembly of three spacer plates numbered 120, 122 and 124 respectively, as shown in
Operation of the gravimetric blender 10 according to the invention is controlled desirably by a microprocessor 200. Most desirably, the microprocessor communicates with air cylinders 30 and vacuum pump 20 of gravimetric blender 10 wirelessly. Internet communication, Ethernet, Blue Tooth protocol communication and the like are all desirable and acceptable. Also, microprocessor 200 may be hard wired to gravimetric blender 10, if needed.
During operation of gravimetric blender 10, when a hopper 16 needs material, this is indicated by the weight of hopper 16 as sensed by a load cell 132. Microprocessor 200, receiving a signal from a load cell 132, converts that signal to a sensed weight and compares that weight to the desired weight of the hopper. If microprocessor 200 decides that additional granular resin material or other resin material is required in a given hopper 16, microprocessor 200 actuates vacuum pump 20, followed by actuation of air cylinder 30 if needed, according to the default position chosen for air cylinder 30 and plate 38. (The default setting or position for air cylinder 30 may be with plate 38 positioned against tubular fitting 58, thereby precluding the draw of vacuum within receiver 14 by vacuum pump 20. Alternatively and preferably, the default, or rest, or unactuated position of air cylinder 30 may be with plate 38 removed from contact with tubular fitting 58, as illustrated on the left side of
When vacuum is drawn and the granular resin/vacuum stream enters receiver 14 via tube 24, the granular resin strikes plug 28, and specifically strikes the deflection surface 54 of plug 28, causing the granular resin material to lose kinetic energy and fall to the bottom of receiver 14 as depicted in
When microprocessor 200 receives a signal from a load cell 132 indicating that a hopper 16 with which a particular load cell 132 is associated has a sufficient material therein, microprocessor 200 acts (to energize or de-energize air cylinder 30, according to which position of plate 38 has been selected as the default position) so that vacuum is no longer drawn through receiver 14 with which the particular hopper 16 and load cell 132 are associated. No more vacuum is drawn until a load cell 132 associated with a hopper 16 signals that the weight of material within that particular hopper 16 has dropped to such a level that additional material is required in hopper 16. Upon receipt of such a signal, microprocessor 200 actuates or de-actuates air cylinder 30 (according to the default position selected for air cylinder 30 and hence plate 38 with respect to tubular fitting 58), in order that vacuum may be drawn and additional material drawn into receiver 14 via resin material/vacuum stream entering receiver 14 via inlet tube portion 24. Microprocessor 200 permits vacuum to continue to be drawn by maintaining plate 38 in a position removed from tubular fitting 58 until such time as the microprocessor 200 receives a signal from the relevant load cell 132, indicating that the weight of material in the relevant hopper 16 has reached a satisfactory level, whereupon air cylinder 30 urges plate 38 against fitting 58, thereby halting draw of vacuum through the relevant receiver.
Referring principally to
Table-like member 126 includes an aperture therethrough which receives a conduit 140 through which resin from hopper 16 may flow downwardly into an aperture in feed tube 104 of feeder 18. The aperture in feed tube 104 is surrounded by a tubular transition member 141 shown in
Nut and bolt combinations 130 fitting into channel members 128 secure channel members 128 to table-like member 126. Additionally, nut-bolt combinations 134 secure together the sandwich assembly consisting of upper spacer plate 120, middle spacer plate 122, and lower spacer plate 124; these nut and bolt combinations 134 also secure the spacer plates to table-like member 126, as shown in
With table-like member 126 bearing the weight of hopper 16, the associated hardware retaining hopper 16 in position, and any resin or other material within hopper 16, accurate weight readings respecting resin material in hopper 16 from an associated load cell 132 are assured. As illustrated in
Load cells 132 are retained in place by upper screws 144 securing the upper portion of load cell 132 to bottom portion 138 of rectangular member 136 which is a portion of table-like member 126 as illustrated in
As illustrated in
A u-shaped portion of frame member 142 provides a bottom support for feed tube 104 within which feed screw 106 rotates as feed screw 106 advances granular resin material or other material received from hopper 16 towards a tower bin assembly 40 located at the bottom of vertically oriented conduit 12 where feed screws 106 of feeders 18 converge, as illustrated in
In this description of the invention, tube 24 has sometimes been referred to as an “inlet tube” portion of receiver 14 and as having an inlet end 26. In the drawings, inlet tube portion 26 extends only somewhat into receiver 14. While inlet tube segments are shown in the drawings and numbered as 26, it is to be understood that the entire upper portion of the structure defining a part of receiver 14 is tubular in nature; this tubular structure is numbered 25 in the drawings. This “tube” 25, of which inlet tube portion 26 is a part, extends completely through receiver 14 and terminates at juncture with vertically oriented conduit 12. Tubular fitting 58 forms a part of tube 25 and the juncture of tubular fitting 58 with annular flange 60, where annular flange 60 is within vertically oriented conduit 12 as illustrated in
While the construction of the juncture of tube 25 with vertically oriented conduit 12 as illustrated in the drawings is the preferred construction, is further within the scope of the invention to provide a plug-in type connection between tube 25 and vertically oriented conduit 12 whereby a receiver 14 requiring a maintenance or replacement may be easily detached from vertically oriented conduit 12. Such plug-in connection can desirably be effectuated by a pair of concentric sleeve like members, one affixed to vertically oriented conduit 12 and the other defining an end of tube 25, with an O-ring or other sealing means between the two concentric tubular members. Other means of attachment, such as threaded fittings, are also within the scope of the invention for connecting receiver 14 to vertically oriented conduit 12 in a matter that receiver 14 is vertically supported by the connection with vertically oriented conduit 12.
While the invention is most desirably implemented using the load cell/vacuum driven approach to opening and closing receivers 14 as disclosed herein, it is within the scope of the invention to position level sensors 160 within both hoppers 16 and receivers 14, as shown schematically, on the right half, unsectioned portion of
Tower configuration gravimetric blender 10 may be mounted on a flat stand such as stand 156 illustrated in
Granular resin material or other material contained within hoppers 16 is conveyed by feeders 18 to a common point as illustrated in
Unlike conventional, known gravimetric blenders, there is no mixing or blending of components performed by the tower configuration gravimetric blender of the invention. No mixing is required since the amount of material delivered by each of the feeders 18 is precise, due to the accurate weight measured by load cells 132 and microprocessor 200. To the extent any mixing might be required, the screw of the process machine effectuates such mixing in an efficient manner.
While the invention has been described herein with three receiver 14/hopper 16/feeder 18 combinations being operatively connected to vertically oriented conduit 12, four or more receiver 14/hopper 16/feeder 18 combinations could be connected to vertically oriented conduit 12. Use of conduit extender structure to connect receiver 14 to vertically oriented conduit 12 is within the scope of the invention, especially if more than four receiver 14/hopper 16/feeder 18 combinations are used.
While the invention and the mode of operation have been described clearly and in more than sufficient detail that one of skill in the art could practice the invention using the teachings of the instant application, and while the claims appended hereto are clear and concise and find full support in the foregoing specification, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the foregoing specification or to the literal language of the appended claims. The invention further embraces components, assemblies and methods not disclosed herein but which would perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same result as the apparatus and methods that are the subject of the appended claims.
In the claims appended hereto, the term “comprising” is to be interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to,” while the phrase “consisting of” is to be interpreted as meaning “having only and no more,” and the phrase “consisting essentially of” is to be interpreted to mean the recited elements of the claim and those other items that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed invention.
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. design patent application Ser. No. 29/580,163 filed 6 Oct. 2016 in the name of Steven B. Maguire.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 29580163 | Oct 2016 | US |
| Child | 15293409 | US |
