Patent Application
20110259650
The present invention relates to the field of drill bits used in drilling through subterranean formation. More particularly, this invention is concerned with the arrangement of the cutter elements that are mounted on the face of the drill bit's face.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,685 to Keith, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a fixed cutting element drill bit provided with primary cutting elements which are spaced radially from each other across the face of the bit. During drilling, the gap between the cutting elements causes a ridge to be formed in the bottom of the well and the apex of the ridge is removed before reaching the face of the bit. In one form of the invention, the apex is broken off by utilization of the sides of the supports for the primary cutting elements.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,551,522 to Keith, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a fixed cutter drill bit including a cutting structure having radially-spaced sets of cutter elements. The cutter element sets preferably overlap in rotated profile and include at least one low profile cutter element and at least two high profile elements. The low profile element is mounted so as to have a relatively low exposure height. The high profile elements are mounted at exposure heights that are greater than the exposure height of the low profile element, and are radially spaced from the low profile element on the bit face. The high profile elements may be mounted at the same radial position but at differing exposure heights, or may be mounted at the same exposure heights but at different radial positions relative to the bit axis. Providing this arrangement of low and high profile cutter elements tends to increase the bit's ability to resist vibration and provides an aggressive cutting structure, even after significant wear has occurred.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,171 to Wilmot, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a fixed cutter drill bit including sets of cutter elements mounted on the bit face. Each set includes at least two cutters mounted on different blades at generally the same radial position with reset to the bit axis but having differing degrees of backrake. The cutter elements of a set may be mounted having their cutting faces out-of-profile, such that certain elements in the set are exposed to the formation material to a greater extent than other cutter elements in the same set. The cutter elements in a set may have cutting faces and profiles that are identical, or they may vary in size or shape or both. The bit exhibits increased stability and provides substantial improvement in ROP without requiring excessive WOB.
Examples of prior art drill bits are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,545,441 to Williamson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,184 to Knowlton, U.S. Pat. No. 6,164,394 to Wilmot, U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,484 to Warren, U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,261 to Keith, which are all herein incorporated by reference for all that they contain.
In one aspect of the invention, a fixed bladed drill bit comprises a working surface comprising a plurality of blades converging at a center of the working surface and diverging towards a gauge of the bit. Each blade comprises a plurality of pointed cutting elements and another plurality of shearing cutters. The plurality of shearing cutters comprises a first shearing cutter. The first shearing cutter on each blade tracks the first shearing cutters on other blades along a common circular cutting path.
The first shearing cutter may be positioned proximate to a periphery of the working surface. The periphery of the working surface of each blade comprises either a shearing cutter or a pointed cutting element. The first shearing cutter may be positioned intermediate the periphery and the center of the working surface of the blade. The first shearing cutter in each blade may overlap each other in rotated profile. Each blade may comprise a plurality of shearing cutters intermediate the periphery and the center of the working surface inclusively.
In some embodiments, the plurality of shearing cutters tracks a plurality of circular cutting paths. The first shearing cutter may be mounted such that its cutting profile is more exposed to the formation material than the cutting profile of the plurality of pointed cutting elements. The pluralities of pointed cutting elements may comprise the characteristic of inducing intermittent fractures in the formation. A portion of the first shearing cutter may be aligned behind the pointed cutting elements in rotated profile. The plurality of pointed cutting elements may be aligned in a uniform manner such that a portion of each cutting element overlaps a portion of an adjacent cutting element in a rotated profile.
The pointed cutting elements and the shearing cutters may create grooves and ridges in the formation while drilling down hole. The common circular cutting path may comprise a groove wider than grooves created by the pointed cutting elements. The first shearing cutters may cut the formation both in the axial and radial direction. The pointed cutting elements are exposed at varying angles on the working surface. The pointed cutting elements may be exposed at the same height above the blade profile. The cutting elements may comprise a superhard material bonded to a cemented metal carbide substrate at a non-planar interface.
a is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a rotary drag bit.
b is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a rotary drag bit.
a is a diagram of an embodiment of a blade cutting element profile.
b is a diagram of another embodiment of a blade cutting element profile.
c is a diagram of another embodiment of a blade cutting element profile.
a is a perspective diagram of an embodiment of a borehole.
b is an orthogonal diagram of another embodiment of a blade cutting element profile.
a is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a cutting element degrading a formation.
b is a cross-sectional diagram on another embodiment of a cutting element degrading a formation.
Referring now to the figures,
b is a cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of the drill bit. A plurality of nozzles 209 are fitted into recesses formed in the working surface 202 between the blades. Each nozzle 209 may be oriented such that a jet of drilling mud ejected from the nozzles 209 engages the formation before or after the cutting elements 230. The jets of drilling mud may also be used to clean cuttings away from drill bit 104. In some embodiments, the jets may be used to create a sucking effect to remove drill bit cuttings adjacent the cutting inserts 230 or the indenting member by creating a low pressure region within their vicinities.
The indenting member may be press fitted or brazed into the bit body. Preferably, the indenting member is made of a hard metal material, such as a cemented metal carbide. The hard insert affixed to the distal end of the indenting member may protrude more than the closest pointed cutting elements of the blades.
a discloses a rotated profile 310 of the drill bit blades 210 superimposed on each. Cutter profiles 300 substantially cover the blade profile 310 between a central portion of the working surface 202 and the gauge portion of the blade profile 310. A portion of each pointed cutting element 240 may overlap a portion of adjacent cutting element on a different blade in the rotated profile. The first shearing cutters 260 on each blade 210 may overlap each other completely or in other words, the first shear cutters share a common cutter path when the drill bit rotates along a straight trajectory.
Surprisingly, the first shearing cutters 260 positioned proximate to the periphery of the working surface 202 of the drill bit 104 have a different cutting mechanism than the traditional shear cutters positioned anywhere on the blades resulting prolonged life for both the pointed cutting elements 240 and shearing cutters 250. A single first shearing cutter 260 may replace at least 2-3 pointed cutting elements 240 at the working surface's periphery. This reduction of cutting elements may help reduce the application's ideal WOB, which eventually reduce the amount of energy required for the application. Furthermore, positioning of the first shear cutters 260 proximate to the periphery of the working surface 202 of the drill bit 104 may allow the drill bit 104 to cut the formation at a higher rate of penetration, thereby saving time. The shearing cutters 260 on the gauge portion of the drill bit 104 may overlap each other partially. The shearing cutters 250 protect the gauge portion of the drill bit 104 against any hard formations during the operation.
Another surprising benefit of this unique arrangement of cutting elements is the bit's stability. A major reason for drill failure is uncontrolled bit vibrations, which break the cutters, even diamond enhanced cutters, at the periphery of the prior art drill bits. In this application, however, the tracking shear cutters at the bit's periphery increased the stability of the bit. The combined shear cutters' comparatively longer perimeters along the common cutting path are believed to reduce the bit's lateral vibration. The pointed cutting elements have thinner cross sectional cutting surfaces, thus, reduced lateral loads may increase their life. Preferably however, the pointed cutting elements are shaped so that their cutting surfaces are well buttressed for more vertically oriented loads. The pointed cutting elements also tend to induce controlled vertical vibrations in the bit, which are believed to be beneficial because the formation is additionally degraded through fatigue. Thus, this arrangement of shearing cutters is believed to synergistically improve the pointed cutting elements' performance.
b and 3c disclose an embodiment of cutting elements in a single blade 210. Each blade 210 may comprise the same or different number of pointed cutting elements 240 and/or shearing cutters 250 on each blade. The pointed cutting elements 240 may be exposed to the formation at varying angles or heights. In some embodiments, the first shearing cutter 260 and the pointed cutting elements 240 may be arranged in a linear or curved profile on each blade 210.
Referring to
a shows a bottom of a borehole 500 of a sample formation drilled by a drill bit 104 of the present invention. A central area comprises fractures 510 created by the indenting member. Craters 520 form where blade elements on the blades 210 strike the formation upon failure of the rock under the indenting member. The cracks ahead of the cutting elements propagate and create chips that are removed by the cutting elements and the flow of drilling fluid.
Referring now to
a discloses an embodiment of a pointed cutting element 240 engaging a formation 550. The pointed cutting element 240 comprises an apex 600. The apex 600 comprises a curvature that is sharp enough to easily penetrate the formation 550, but is still blunt enough to fail the formation 550 in compression ahead of itself. As the cutting element 240 advances into the formation 550, apex 600 fails the formation 550 ahead of the cutter 240 and peripherally to the sides of the cutter 240, creating fractures 610. Fractures 610 may continue to propagate as the cutter 240 advances into the formation 550, eventually reaching the surface of the formation 550 allowing large chips 620 to break away from the formation 550. The rate of penetration of pointed cutting elements 240 is higher than that of the shearing cutters 250. Preferably, the curvature has a 0.050 to 0.120 radius of curvature. However, similar curves that are elliptical, conic, or non-conic.
b discloses an embodiment of a shearing cutter 260 engaging a formation 550. The shearing cutters 260 drag against the formation 550 and shear off thin layers of formation 550. The shearing cutters 260 require more energy to cut through the formation 550 than the pointed cutting elements.
Referring to
Whereas the present invention has been described in particular relation to the drawings attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
