Patent Grant
8191286
The present invention is directed toward a traction cleat system for use with an athletic shoe and, in particular, a removable cleat system for a golf shoe.
There are a variety of forces exerted on an athletic shoe requiring the use of cleats for traction. For example, a golf shoe is exposed to both rotational and lateral forces during game play. Specifically, the shoe is exposed to rotational or torsional twisting during a golf swing, as well as to lateral (side-to-side) forces as the weight of a golfer is shifted from the front foot to the back foot during the backswing and, similarly, from the back foot to the front foot during the downswing and follow through. Other forces are present when the golfer is walking (and not swinging a club). For example, when the golfer walks along an uneven surface or slick terrain, traction is needed from the cleats to minimize the propensity to slip (which is generated by a lateral force).
A conventional cleat system includes a plurality of mounting receptacles spaced at predetermined positions about a shoe sole. Conventional mounting receptacles include a circular base and a socket coaxially or centrally disposed on the base. The socket is internally threaded and securely mates with an externally threaded stem on a cleat. The cleat typically includes a generally rigid hub and one or more traction elements depending from the hub. The aforementioned stem extends from the upper surface of the hub, while the traction elements extend from its lower surface.
The location of each mounting receptacle within the sole follows the general pattern established years ago by metal cleat systems installed into leather soles. This configuration, however, limits the number of cleats—and thus the number of traction elements—that may be disposed on the shoe. In addition, the circular base configuration limits the ability to move the traction elements close to the edge of the sole and further away from the center of rotation of the shoe. Conventional (circular) bases possess a set diameter; moreover, shoe manufacturers require 2 mm to 10 mm of clearance between the edge of the base and the edge of the shoe sole. As a result, the socket that captures the cleat is oriented a significant distance from the edge of the sole and, as such, closer to the center of rotation of the shoe.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide a cleat system that provides maximum stability to a wearer during a myriad of activities and, in particular, to provide a golfing shoe that provides a more stable platform for the golfer.
A traction cleat system for an athletic shoe is disclosed. The system includes an elongated receptacle that receives a cleat strip. The elongated receptacle may be a channel or notch formed into the sole of the shoe. In one embodiment, the cleat strip includes an elongated, flexible hub, a cleat connector, and traction elements depending from the hub. The cleat strip is removable from the receptacle, permitting easy replacement of the cleat assembly when the traction elements become worn.
Like reference numerals have been used to identify like elements throughout this disclosure.
The sole 100 further includes a receptacle 170 adapted to mate with the connector of the cleat assembly 110 (discussed in greater detail below). The receptacle 170 may be a separate component secured within the sole 100 (e.g., a mounting connector molded into the sole 100). Alternatively, the receptacle 170 may be formed such that it is integral with the sole 100 (i.e., the receptacle 170 is a cavity with interior walls defined by the sole 100). By way of example, the sole 100 may be formed by utilizing a molding process such as the one described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,278 (Kelly), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In a preferred embodiment, the receptacle 170 is an elongated or non-circular groove or notch formed into the outsole in a predetermined receptacle pattern. The receptacle 170 may be positioned within the sole in any pattern suitable for its intended purpose. The pattern, moreover, may be customized to provide the desired degree of traction. For example, the receptacle 170 may be positioned adjacent the entire sole peripheral edge 160, extending from the forward portion 140 of the sole to the rear portion 150 of the sole. Alternatively, the receptacle may be positioned within any portion(s) of the shoe sole (e.g., the forward sole portion 140 and/or rear sole portion 150). The receptacle 170 may continuously extend along the sole 100 or may be interrupted by one or more breaks.
In the embodiment illustrated to in
The receptacle 170 is located proximate (slightly inboard of) the sole peripheral edge 160 at a predetermined setback distance. By way of example, an outboard-facing lateral edge of the receptacle 170 may be disposed in the range of about 2 mm to 10 mm from the sole peripheral edge 160. By way of specific example, the outboard-facing edge of the receptacle 170 may be located about 3 mm to 5 mm from the sole peripheral edge 160. Positioning the receptacle 170 closer to the sole peripheral edge 160 is advantageous because it widens the performance track of the cleats. Widening the performance track provides more stable traction since the traction elements are positioned furthest away from the center of rotation of the shoe (discussed in greater detail below).
The receptacle 170 may possess any shape and dimensions suitable for its intended purpose. Referring to
Referring to
The hub 310 is configured to flex or bend to accommodate the contours of the receptacle arcuate portions. Specifically, the hub 310 flexes laterally along its longitudinal axis. To accommodate this flex, the hub 310 may be formed of a flexible/bendable material. In addition, as illustrated in
The traction elements 320 engage the surface when the shoe is brought into contact with the ground. The traction elements 320 may include a plurality of dynamic traction elements, a plurality of static traction elements, or a combination of the two. The dynamic traction elements are resiliently flexible, being configured to resiliently pivot with respect to the hub and deflect toward the sole 100 when the shoe engages a ground surface under load (i.e., under the weight of the wearer of the shoe). Referring back to
The dynamic traction elements 320 may optionally include gussets provided along an internal side portion of the arms. The gussets extend along the longitudinal dimension of the traction elements between the terminal end of the traction element 320 and the ground-engaging hub surface 330. The gussets function as resilient “springs” to aid the natural resilience of the traction elements and to pull the elements back into their unflexed positions when they are not under load (for example, when the shoe is lifted by the wearer from the ground). In addition, each gusset acts as a wear surface when the arms are deflected against the shoe sole, so that even the sides of the turf-engaging portions are substantially protected from abrasion.
With the above configuration, the dynamic traction elements 320, when unflexed, extend downward and outward from the ground-engaging surface 330 of the hub 310. When flexed, the traction elements 320 pivot away from the central axis B-B of the hub 310. It will be appreciated, however, that dynamic traction elements are not necessarily required to extend outward. Specifically, the dynamic elements may extend only downward, as long as they flex to provide traction and resist undesired significant ground penetration of the stud under a weight load.
It will be further appreciated that other types of dynamic traction elements may be utilized with the hub 310. By way of example, the traction elements disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,305,104 and/or 7,040,043 (both to McMullin) may depend from the hub 310. The disclosures of the aforementioned patents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
As noted above, the cleat assembly may also include static traction elements. In contrast with dynamic traction elements, static traction elements remain substantially rigid and are resistant to deflection upon engaging the ground surface.
The traction elements 320 (dynamic and/or static) may be oriented in any suitable manner along the hub 310. That is, the traction elements 320 may be symmetrically or asymmetrical oriented along the elongated hub 310. As best seen in
The cleat connector 315 engages the receptacle 170 to secure the cleat assembly 110 to the sole 100. The connector 315 includes a stem or beam 350 extending distally from a generally central location on the shoe-facing surface 325 of the hub 310. The stem 350, having generally flat exterior sides, is substantially coaxial with the hub center axis B-B. The distal end of the stem 350 includes a horizontal flange 360 extending transversely from one side of the stem, and a vertical finger 370 extending distally from the opposite side of the stem such that the finger 370 is offset from hub center axis B-B. This structure, then, is complementary to the cavity of the receptacle 170. As noted above, this configuration cooperates with the receptacle 170 to provide a keyed connection between the cleat assembly 110 and the sole 100. In other words, a user may only connect the cleat assembly 110 to the receptacle 170 in one longitudinal direction.
The above-described cleat assembly 110 is preferably formed as a unitary (one-piece) structure. To maintain the functional requirements of each component, the cleat assembly 110 may be formed utilizing a process that creates a one-piece or unitary structure through molding of at least two different polymers together, creating chemical bonds (and, if desired, additional mechanical bonds) between the parts in the same mold or die, and expressly includes, but is not to be limited to, such processes as two-shot molding, co-injection molding, and insert molding. By way of example, two-shot molding involves the injection of two different polymers through two nozzles into one mold which can rotate to allow both materials to fill different areas of the same mold. A harder polymer forming the hub 310 and cleat connector 315 may be injected first (i.e., the first shot) and the softer polymer forming the dynamic traction element 320 may be injected as the second shot. Because the two-shot injection molding process is fast and highly repeatable, the shrinkage of the first shot is very consistent and two different materials can be molded together with virtually no flash. The two polymers are joined by both chemical and mechanical bonds during the molding process. The resulting one-piece cleat assembly 110 is integral and devoid of the problem of the components coming apart as described above in connection with the prior art three-piece cleat.
By way of specific example, the hub 310 and connector 315 may be formed from a first shot of relatively hard and inflexible polymer material, typically polyurethane with a hardness or Durometer in the range of 67D to 75D. Atop and chemically bonded with the hub 310 is molded a second shot comprising the dynamic traction element 320 from a relatively flexible polymer material, typically polyurethane with a Durometer in the range of 82 A to 90 A. Although forms of polyurethane are used for the two shots in the preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that other polymers, in some cases two different polymers, may be utilized.
Once connected to the receptacle 170, a friction fit exists between the connector 315 and the interior walls of the receptacle, securing the cleat assembly 110 to the sole 100 during normal use. As illustrated in
With the above-described configuration, a cleat system is provided that enables simplified removal and connection of cleats from the sole of an athletic shoe. The cleat assembly may be removed or added to an athletic shoe in its entirety. This is in direct contrast to conventional cleat systems, which require the individual removal of cleats connected to a plurality of receptacles, often via the use of special tools.
In addition, the elongated hub/receptacle configuration positions the traction elements to closer to the outsole peripheral edge 160 when compared to traditional cleat mounting connectors having circular bases. Thus, the traction elements 320 may be positioned farther away from the center of rotation of the shoe than that provided conventional mounting connectors. This, in turn, provides improved stability during use of the shoe. That is, above-described embodiment effectively utilizes the concept of a lever in which the computation of energy is (Force)×(Distance). Since a cleat is an attempt to offset energy, the amount of resistance provided by the cleat is also computed as (Force)×(Distance). Rotational forces created during activities such as a golf swing are a result of foot twisting around the center point of the shoe. Consequently, the further the cleats are moved away from the center of the rotation, the greater the amount of resistance to the twisting energy. In addition, moving from rotational traction to a different force present during the swing (that of the weight shift during the swing and the resulting lateral forces) creates instability for the golfer. Consequently, by placing the traction elements 320 further away from the rotational center of the shoe provides a more stable platform for the golfer. This more stable platform results from the cleat being the foundation of the golfer's connection to the ground. The wider the foundation, the greater is the stability.
Thus, the present system recognizes the benefits of placing the traction elements 320 farther from the center of rotation of the shoe when compared to conventional rounded receptacles. The elongated receptacle/hub configuration enables the placement of the receptacle axis A-A closer to the outsole peripheral edge 160 without encroaching on the clearance required by the shoe manufacturers. A decrease in distance of about 10-15% (e.g., a decrease of about three millimeters) is significant when compared to the conventional distance between the receptacle axis and the outsole edge, which is no less than 13 mm from the outsole peripheral edge.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, in addition to being a continuous notch, the receptacle pattern may also be defined by a series of individual segments placed at predetermined positions along the sole 100. The dimensions (e.g., length) of the hub 310 are not particularly limited. In a preferred embodiment, the hub defines a strip having a length greater than the length of the sole 100.
The cleat assembly 110, moreover, can include any suitable number of dynamic or static traction elements (for example, one or more dynamic traction elements) arranged in any suitable symmetric or asymmetric patterns along the hub 310 depending upon a particular application and traction function required for the cleat. The traction elements 320 may include multi-faceted surfaces that can have a slight taper inward toward the terminal ends of the traction elements. It is noted, however, that the cleats of the present invention can include one or more traction elements having any one or more suitable geometric configurations, including two or more traction elements on a single cleat having different geometric configurations and/or different lengths or axial dimensions, so long as the dynamic traction elements maintain their resilient flexibility during use of the cleat as described above. In addition, the dynamic traction elements may be provided with small barbs extending downward from their distal ends to enhance traction by digging slightly into the turf or ground surface as they flex under load.
In addition, the materials forming the sole 100 and the cleat assembly 110 may include, but are not limited to, resilient materials, rigid materials, and combinations thereof. The dynamic traction elements 320 may be formed form resilient material such as polyurethane or other flexible elastomer. The hub 310 may be made from the same material as the dynamic traction elements or, alternatively, from a different material. In addition, the hub 310 and traction elements 320 may be formed from entirely from a single material such as polyurethane or other flexible, durable elastomer.
Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. It is to be understood that terms such as “left”, “right” “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “rear”, “side”, “height”, “length”, “width”, “upper”, “lower”, “interior”, “exterior”, “inner”, “outer” and the like as may be used herein, merely describe points of reference and do not limit the present invention to any particular orientation or configuration.
The present application is a nonprovisional application of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/039,801, entitled Athletic Shoe Cleat System and filed 27 Mar. 2008, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
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| 2203929 | Shapiro | Jun 1940 | A |
| 3526976 | Jacobs | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3818617 | Dassler et al. | Jun 1974 | A |
| 4562651 | Frederick et al. | Jan 1986 | A |
| 4742626 | Tadiotto | May 1988 | A |
| 4782604 | Wen-Shown | Nov 1988 | A |
| 5197210 | Sink | Mar 1993 | A |
| 5661915 | Smith | Sep 1997 | A |
| 6305104 | McMullin | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6449878 | Lyden | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 20060032092 | Drollinger | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20070163148 | Laporte | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090241379 A1 | Oct 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61039801 | Mar 2008 | US |
