1. Field of the Invention
Disclosed herein is a flashing beacon. More specifically, disclosed herein is a flashing beacon that may be positioned on most any roadway sign or signpost, and that may include a signal unit, a control unit, a solar collector, an activation device (e.g., a timer, microwave emitter, radio transmitter, step-pad, a pushbutton, infrared transmitter, wireless transmitter or like device) and various other accessories.
2. Reference to Related Art
According to the U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, flasher mechanisms associated with traffic control signs (e.g., a yield or crosswalk sign) must be positioned on the sign (or signpost) so that flashing signal is about 12 feet above the pavement. The flashing signal must also be programmed or otherwise set to flash continuously at a rate of not less than 50 nor more than 60 times per minute. See MUTCD, Section 4D.11. However, while the guidelines set forth in the uniform regulations are intended to provide a visible warning to drivers, recent testing has suggested that only a small percentage of the public responds to flashing signals that operate according to the uniform regulations. Specifically, recent testing has suggest that only about 10% of the public complies with or otherwise responds to flashing signals associated with roadway signage. Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved flashing beacon system that may be used with existing or future roadway signage to garner a greater response from the vehicle driving public.
About 20 years ago, the public began to demand that the automotive industry manufacture “quiet” cars and trucks—and the industry responded. Indeed, the industry responded so well that the interior of many vehicles have been effectively transformed into moving soundproof rooms. Unfortunately, the “quiet” has sometime resulted in drivers and passengers alike becoming distracted and forgetting that they are in a moving vehicle. For example, it is not uncommon for present day drivers to be seen talking on a cellular phone, reading a paper, listening to satellite stereo systems, being distract by children in the vehicle, applying makeup, using on-board navigation systems, watching a DVD, or just plain not paying attention to the roadway.
Clearly, one thing that is lost or diminished by all these possible distraction is a proper attention to and respect for roadway signage--signage that exists to increase motorist safety. Existing roadway signage is quite often clear and concise in meaning and message. These signs, however, lose their effectiveness when paired up against a distracted driver.
A 12″ flashing beacon has been the tool of choice for the nation's roadways to emphasize a warning on a roadway sign since 1955. Indeed, the flashing pattern and height of these flash beacons might still work on some signs in certain locations. However, given the array of distractions now available to drivers, these traditional flashing beacons are simply too passive. Accordingly, disclosed herein is a beacon having a unique flashing sequence, and installation placement, that upon activation may command a driver's attention. As such, drivers are compelled to again look at a sign, understand its message, and respond.
As disclosed herein, a flashing beacon may include a signal unit, a control unit associated with the signal unit, a solar panel or collector, and an activation device that may all be mounted or otherwise positioned on a post of a roadway signpost. The activation device and solar panel may, however, also be positioned remotely from the post.
The signal unit may be rectangular in shape (although other shapes may be used) in order to decrease its obstructive profile relative to the sign, and it includes one or more flashable lights (e.g., LEDs) on the front, rear, bottom or side faces of the signal unit. One or more spotlights (e.g., LED spotlights) may also be positioned on the signal unit to illuminate an area (e.g., the street) in the vicinity of the signal unit. The signal unit may also include an audio transmission system and one or more displays (e.g., a LCD, plasma, or LEDs) to provide the user with information concerning the operation of the flashing beacon.
The control unit may include an electronic signal receiver (e.g., a radio receiver), a power supply, and control means for use in controlling the initiation and duration of the light assemblies of the flashing beacon.
The solar collector may include one or more solar cells that provide power to the unit during daylight hours and may also operate to recharge the power supply of the control unit so that the flashing beacon has adequate power during evening hours.
Finally, the activation device may include a pushbutton unit, signage, one or more counter displays, an infrared sensor, and a speaker system. Additional accessories for the activation device may also include devices such as a timer, microwave emitter, radio transmitter, step-pad, a pushbutton, infrared transmitter, wireless transmitter or like device. The signage associated with the pushbutton may also include a display (e.g., a LCD, plasma, or LEDs) to convey additional instructions to a pedestrian concerning operation of the flashing beacon and a counter to record the number of times the beacon has been activated. Finally, it will be appreciated that while the flashing beacon disclosed herein is discussed as being used in connection with a pedestrian crosswalk sign, it may also be used with any sign, placard or signal that uses a flashing signal (e.g., fire station sign, yield signs, dangerous curve signs, school speed zone signs, etc.).
Reference will now be had to the attached drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout and wherein:
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The one or more of the lights of the light units 30 (i.e., the light units 30 on the bottom face 26) may function to be continuously illuminated during operation of the flashing beacon 10. However, as mentioned above, the light units 30 of the flashing beacon 10 may also function to flash according to uniform regulations at a rate of 50-60 cycles per minute, at an increased rate of 60-110 cycles per minute, or at any other rate predetermined by the user. The light units 30 may further be arranged such that they flash in a predetermined pattern such as a wavy line or a so-called wig-wag flashing pattern as will be described below.
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In operation, the control unit 14 may be used to selectively activate and deactivate the various lights of the flashing beacon 10. For example, a school principal, crossing guard 9 (see
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In preliminary testing of the flashing beacon disclosed herein, Applicant has achieved significant improvement over the traditional flash beacon systems known in the art.
A study of percent of vehicle responses to 70 pedestrian crossings comparing a traditional (MUTCD Standard) flashing beacon with dual side mounted lights (top row) against Applicant's flashing beacon with dual flashing overhead lights with a “wig-wag” flashing pattern (bottom row) in the City of St. Petersburg, Fla. at 3151 Street north of 54th Avenue South. A wig-wag pattern is described as follows: Where the front face 20 of the signal unit 12 of the flashing beacon 10 being tested included two side-by-side LED lights, each wig-wag cycle including two flashes (adjustable) of one light and, simultaneously, three flashes (adjustable) of the other light. The speed of the left and right flashes is adjusted so that the cycle time for the three flashes for the other light is equal to the cycle time for the two flashes. Each flash beacon tested was set up to function at a rate of 76 wig-wag cycles per 30 seconds (for a total of 190 total flashes).
A study of percent of vehicle response to 70 pedestrian crossings comparing traditional (MUTCD Standard) flashing beacon with dual side mounted lights (top row) against Applicant's flashing beacon, using a wig-wag pattern, placed in a four-lane divided highway with median (bottom row) in the City of St. Petersburg, Fla. at 4th Street and 18th Avenue South.
Wig-wag patterns of 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5 have been tested and considered immensely successful by both federal government, a variety of state governments, and a number of universities. More than a 10× improvement in driver compliance has been found. Wig-wag patterns can be broken down into several categories including, but not limited to: symmetric, asymmetric, synchronous, alternating, pseudo-random, asynchronous, and intermixed. In all categories it is possible that some flash patterns will command a greater human behavioral response, e.g., get more drivers to comply with traffic laws and warnings, than other patterns.
A symmetric wig-wag pattern is a pattern where there left and right lights (or up and down lights) flash in an identical fashion. Flash patterns can be synchronous or alternating as will be explained below.
An asymmetric (or irregular) wig-wag pattern is a pattern where there is a human perceptible difference between the flash pattern of a first light and a second light. The asymmetry can in any manner, for example, in the number of flashes per cycle, in periodicity, in the perceptible brightness of flashes, in the color of the lights, in the flash duty cycle, or so on.
A synchronous wig-wag pattern is a pattern where the periodicity of a first light and a second light are the same (or nearly so), and the timing between lights does not change perceptibly to a casual observer over a few cycles.
An alternating wig-wag pattern is a pattern where (for a given cycle) one light starts flashing a first sequence, and after the end of its flashing sequence the other light flashes its sequence.
A delayed-alternating wig-wag pattern is a pattern where (for a given cycle) one light starts flashing a first sequence, and after the beginning but before the end of its flashing sequence the other light flashes its sequence.
A pseudo-random wig-wag pattern is a pattern where one or both lights use a sequence that appears to change one cycle to the next for two or more cycles. Such cycles can be synchronous, asymmetric, alternating, delayed-alternating, or other. For example, a pseudo-random, alternating sequence can appear as a 2-3 (alternating) followed by a 2-5 (alternating) followed by a 4-2 (alternating) pattern, or perhaps a 2-3 (alternating) followed by a 2-5 (alternating) followed by a 4-2(simultaneous) pattern.
An asynchronous signal is one where first and second lights operate independently, or apparently so based on human perception. An example of which would be a left right flashing intermittently four flashes at a time every second (with a 50% duty cycle) followed by an off period of one second, while the right light flashes once every 1.33 seconds with an on-period of 0.25 seconds.
A function-dependant pattern is a pattern where one or more lights responds in some manner (e.g., flash intensity, flash duration, period between flashes, etc., or a combination thereof) according to one of more predictable functions (repeating or non-repeating), such as a sine wave, a square wave, a step function of N steps (where N>3), a triangular wave, a saw-tooth, an exponential function, a logarithmic function, and so on. For example, assuming a saw-tooth function, a light may strobe at a constant brightness and duration (e.g., 25 mS) over two second cycles where the time between the first and second flashes is 200 mS and the time between flashes decreases linearly such that the time between the last two flashes is 25 mS, then the pattern repeats.
An intermixed signal is any workable combination of the above sequences. As the total number of variations to this theme is nearly inexhaustible, no attempt will be made to list them.
The only accepted pattern for crosswalk signs over 40 years has been a single light flashing at less than 60 cycles per second with a duty cycle of 50% or thereabout. However, strobed lights appear to be much more effective than non-strobed lights. A strobed light is herein defined as a light having a duty cycle of 25% (on) or less for a given on-off cycle; or an on time of 200 mS or less (type 1 strobe), 100 ms or less (type 2 strobe), or 50 mS or less (type 3 strobe).
It is possible that, with the right flash pattern and/or light characteristic, a single light (as opposed to a paired/multiple light system) may be effective in commanding improved human behavioral response and therefore increased driver compliance. Example systems would have, for example, a strobed single light of N-number of first strobes over 0.5 seconds followed by a dark period of 0.5 seconds, N-number of first strobes over 0.5 seconds followed by a constant on-period of 1 second, N-number of first strobes over 0.5 seconds followed by M-number of second strobes over 0.5 second, N-number of first strobes over 0.5 seconds followed by M-number of second strobes over 0.5 second followed by P-number of third strobes over 0.7 seconds, and so on. There is an irregularity (or asymmetry) one cycle to the next, and as the total number of variations to this theme is nearly inexhaustible, no attempt shall be made to list them all.
Symmetry from one cycle to the next cycle may be present in other embodiments as long as the duty cycle is not 50% and/or flashing at a rate less than or equal to sixty cycles per second. Strobing can be used to increase human behavioral response.
It is possible to form a 2-D graphic sign that can form letters, dynamically-changing patterns or both. Generally, N should equal 1 or more and M should equal 3 or more. For example, assuming a light array that appears to a driver as a continuous array and has a 1-light by 10-light structure, a back-and-forth (or up and down) pattern of lights may be generated using one, two, three or more lines at a time. Different color lights, e.g., yellow and white, may be intermixed. By way of another example, a 15 by 200 array may produce more sophisticated patterns of seemingly continuously-structured and continuously changing patterns.
Bar-shaped/rectangular lights (as illustrated) have shown great promise, but other light shapes may be useful. For example, round lights, crescent-shaped lights, triangular-shaped lights, and so on, can produce different human behavioral responses.
Testing of strobe patterns can be performed to determine whether an individual pattern produces a desired result, i.e., a human behavior response that causes an increased driver compliance. Such testing is described as selecting a particular pattern for one or more lights--the pattern having some irregularity/asymmetry of any form (including any of the types described above) and/or use of strobing. The pattern is then tested in a real-world environment to see whether the pattern is effective in producing improved driver compliance for crosswalks. The pattern can then be incorporated for use in a crosswalk system if the pattern shows acceptable driver compliance, e.g., compliance over 70%, 80%, 90%, or at least better than a previously used standard.
Having thus described my invention, various other embodiments will become known to those of skill in the art that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
This Application is a continuation of, and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 14/480,912, filed Sep. 9, 2014, which claims priority to, and is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/584,038 filed Aug. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,129,540 issued Sep. 8, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/230,242, filed Sep. 12, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,269,654, issued Sep. 18, 2012, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/303,802 filed Dec. 8, 2008, now U.S. Patent No. 8,081,087 issued Dec. 20, 2011, and which is a National Stage Entry of PCT/US2007/070494, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 60/811,157 filed Jun. 6, 2006, and now expired, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. Application Ser. No. 14/480,912, filed Sep. 9, 2014 also claims priority to, and is a continuation of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/879,431 filed Sep. 18, 2013, now expired and a continuation-in-part of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/875,221 filed Sep. 9, 2013, now expired, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
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Parent | 14480912 | Sep 2014 | US |
Child | 15211617 | US | |
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Child | 13584038 | US | |
Parent | 12303802 | US | |
Child | 13230242 | US |
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Parent | 13584038 | Aug 2012 | US |
Child | 14480912 | US |