Patent Grant
9784050
In oilfield operations, tubulars such as drill pipe and casing are run into a wellbore. The tubulars are generally run into the wellbore as “stands.” Each stand includes several, for example, three lengths or “joints” of the tubulars made up together, end-on-end. The stand is made up to the tubular string already deployed, and lowered into the wellbore for attachment to the next stand. Running in of multiple joints at once as part of the stand reduces the amount of time taken to connect the joints together, since there are fewer joints that must be made up during run-in or disassembled during removal of the tubulars from the wellbore.
Prior to deploying the stands, or after they are removed from the wellbore, the stands may be stored in a vertical orientation in a pipe rack. The process of storing the stands in the pipe rack may be known as “racking back” the stand. Each stand can be run into the wellbore, removed from the wellbore (“tripped out”), and racked back multiple times, so long as the stands are not excessively damaged during use.
Load transfer sleeves are sometimes employed to provide a connection with the stands. Such load transfer sleeves can be a designed to be received around a tubular and bear against an upset along the stand. Upsets are generally provided by a collar, a lift nubbin, or an increased diameter area where the box-end connection is formed. In other cases, the load transfer sleeve may include slips that bite into the tubulars. In either case, the stand may be hoisted, e.g., via a spreader bar or an elevator coupled with the load transfer sleeve.
In various applications, slips may be avoided for use with the load transfer sleeves. The radial gripping force applied by the slips is proportional to the weight of the tubular being supported. However, the tubular gripped by the slips may be part of a stand that is made up to a string of tubulars already run into the wellbore. Once made up, the entire weight of the string may be applied to the slips, which can result in the slips applying an excessive gripping force on the tubular, which can damage the tubular.
The load transfer sleeves that bear on an upset, however, may be specific to the size of the tubular and/or the size of the upset upon which they bear. Further, such load transfer sleeves may require manual handling, e.g., to receive a hinged transfer sleeve around the tubular and latch it below the upset. Thus, in some cases, attaching the load transfer sleeve to the tubular stand may be required to be done while the load transfer sleeve is in a horizontal configuration, which may require further manipulation of the stand when the stand is already racked back in a vertical orientation.
Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a load transfer sleeve. The load transfer sleeve includes a body defining an inner diameter and a tapered bowl extending outward from the inner diameter, with the bowl defining a landing surface. The load transfer sleeve also includes a load bushing comprising a plurality of load bushing segments that are slidable along the bowl. The load bushing radially expands and contracts by axial translation of the plurality of load bushing segments relative to the body. Further, the plurality of load bushing segments each define an axial engagement surface configured to engage an upset of a tubular and a landing surface that engages the landing surface of the bowl when the axial engagement surface engages the upset.
Embodiments of the disclosure may also provide a method for handling a tubular. The method includes positioning a load transfer sleeve around the tubular, adjacent to an upset of the tubular. The method also includes contracting a radially-expandable load bushing of the load transfer sleeve, such that a plurality of load bushing segments of the radially-expandable load bushing abut a landing surface of a bowl defined in a body of the load transfer sleeve. The method further includes moving the radially-expandable load bushing relative to the tubular, after contracting the radially-expandable load bushing, until the upset of the tubular abuts an axial engagement surface of the radially-expandable load bushing. The method additionally includes lifting the tubular by lifting the load transfer sleeve.
Embodiments of the disclosure may further provide a tubular handling system. The tubular handling system includes a load transfer sleeve. The load transfer sleeve includes a body defining an inner diameter and a tapered bowl extending outward from the inner diameter, with the bowl defining a landing surface. The load transfer sleeve also includes a load bushing including a plurality of load bushing segments that are slidable along the bowl so as to radially expand and contract the load bushing by axial translation of the plurality of load bushing segments relative to the body. The plurality of load bushing segments each define an axial engagement surface configured to engage an upset of a tubular and a landing surface that engages the landing surface of the bowl when the axial engagement surface engages the upset. The plurality of load bushing segments are configured to transfer a weight of the tubular from the upset to the body via the engagement between the landing surface of the bowl and the landing surface of the plurality of load bushing segments. The tubular handling system also includes a lifting device configured to engage the body of the load transfer sleeve and lift the tubular by lifting the load transfer sleeve, and a spear configured to be received at least partially into the elevator and to support the load transfer sleeve when the lifting device is removed.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present teachings, as claimed.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the present teachings and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present teachings. In the figures:
It should be noted that some details of the figures have been simplified and are drawn to facilitate understanding of the embodiments rather than to maintain strict structural accuracy, detail, and scale.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present teachings, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing. In the drawings, like reference numerals have been used throughout to designate identical elements, where convenient. In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawing that forms a part thereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific exemplary embodiment in which the present teachings may be practiced. The following description is, therefore, merely exemplary.
In the illustrated embodiment, the load transfer sleeve 100 generally includes a body 101 and a radially-expandable load bushing 103. The load bushing 103 includes a plurality of load bushing segments 102, which may be disposed at least partially inside the body 101. One, some, or all of the bushing segments 102 may include an insert 104 that may be configured to engage a tubular 106 (
Each of the inserts 104 may define an axial engagement surface 132. The axial engagement surface 132 may, in some embodiments, be disposed at or proximal to the top of the insert 104; however, embodiments in which the axial engagement surface 132 is below the top of the insert 104 are contemplated. The axial engagement surface 132 may be shaped to engage with an upset 134 of the tubular 106. In an example, the upset 134 may be formed at a box end 136 of the tubular 106. In another embodiment, the upset 134 may be a shoulder provided by a lift nubbin threaded into the box end 136, e.g., in a flush pipe (no integral upset) configuration of the tubular 106. In still other embodiments, the upset 134 may be any other radially outward projection from the tubular 106 that is coupled therewith as to at least support the weight thereof.
The inserts 104 may also include a lower landing surface 131 that mates with an upper landing surface 133 of each of the carriers 108. The engagement between the lower landing surface 131 and the upper landing surface 133 may allow an axial load carried by the insert 104 (e.g., from the weight of the tubular 106) to be transferred from the insert 104 to the carrier 108. Further, each carrier 108 may also include a landing surface 130 proximal or at the axial bottom thereof. The landing surface 130 may be inclined to radial, for example, extending toward the top of the carrier 108 as proceeding radially inward.
Turning now to the body 101, the body 101 may be segmented into two or more body portions 110, 112, which may be coupled together via a hinge 114 and a latch (not visible). In such configuration, the body 101 may thus provide a door that, when opened, allows the load transfer sleeve 100 to be positioned around or removed laterally from around the tubular 106. In at least one embodiment, the hinge 114 may include one or more pins 116 received through one or more links 118 and/or one or more knuckles 119 of the body portions 110, 112. In other embodiments, however, the body 101 may be unitary or segmented into three or more portions. Further, the body portions 110, 112 may be coupled together in any manner suitable, with the use of pins 116, etc., being merely one example among many contemplated.
Referring specifically to
Further, the bowl 120 may define a landing surface 128 at the axial extent of the bowl 120, opposite to the top 124. The landing surface 128 may be inclined such that it extends toward the top 124 as proceeding radially inward, which may be considered a reverse taper. For example, the landing surface 128 may be tapered so as to mate with the landing surfaces 130 of the carriers 108. That landing surfaces 130 of the carriers 108 may abut the landing surface 128 of the bowl 120, such that further axial and radial movement of the carriers 108 relative to the body 101 may be prevented. Such landing surface engagement may prevent radially-inwardly directed gripping forces applied to the tubular 106 by the load bushing segments 102. It will be appreciated that in some cases, the landing surfaces 128, 130 may not be inclined and/or may abut along a portion of their respective surfaces.
Accordingly, when fully set down, the axial engagement surfaces 132 of the inserts 104 of the load bushing segments 102 may engage the upset 134, so as to support the weight of the tubular 106. The weight of the tubular 106 may be transmitted from the insert 104 to the carrier 108 via the engagement between the lower landing surface 131 and the upper landing surface 133. The load may then be transferred to the body 101 via the engagement between the lower landing surface 130 of the carrier 108 and the landing surface 128 of the bowl 120. This system of landing surfaces 128-133 may thus transmit the axial load from the tubular 106 to the body 101, while preventing the load bushing segments 102 from applying a radial gripping force on the tubular 106.
Further, the load bushing segments 102 may be coupled together using a setting plate 138. In at least one embodiment, the load bushing segments 102 may be pivotably coupled to the setting plate 138 via one or more pins 140 disposed in slots 142 defined in the carriers 108. The pins 140 may slide in the slots 142, so as to allow the bushing segments 102 to slide radially when moved axially. To effect such axial movement, the setting plate 138 may be driven up and down, relative to the body 101, for example, via one or more actuators 143. The actuators 143 may each include one or more hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, mechanical devices, combinations thereof, or the like. Accordingly, by extension or retraction of the actuators 143, the load bushing segments 102 may be lifted out of the bowl 120 or pushed downward into the bowl 120. In some embodiments, however, the load bushing segments 102 may be disposed within the bowl 120 at all times. For example, the axial extent of the bowl 120 may be larger than the load bushing segments 102.
During movement of the load bushing segments 102 with respect to the body 101, the load bushing segments 102 may slide against the bowl 120. Accordingly, the axial movement of the setting plate 138 results in both an axial and a radial movement of the load bushing segments 102, as defined by the inclination of the bowl 120 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the body 101.
As shown in
The spear 200 may define an upper-most portion, which is configured to be received into the groove 144. The upper-most portion may be generally cylindrical, so as to fit with the disk-shaped groove 144, according to an embodiment. In other embodiments, the upper-most portion may be any other shape, e.g., according to the shape of the groove 144. The spear 200 may also include an elevator-receiving portion 206 and a base 208, with the elevator-receiving portion 206 being above the base 208. The base 208 may rest on the shock table.
Referring now to
The elevator 300 may further define a landing surface 318 that is sized to receive the bottom 146 of the body 101 of the load transfer sleeve 100. The elevator 300 may also define an inner diameter 320 above the landing surface 318 that is sized to receive the circumference of the load transfer sleeve 100. In some cases, the inner diameter 320 may snugly receive the load transfer sleeve 100, while in others, it may allow for some radial movement with respect thereto, prior to the load of the stand being transmitted to the elevator 300 via the load transfer sleeve 100.
The elevator 300 may also define a profiled lower inner diameter 322 below the landing surface 318. The profiled lower inner diameter 322 may be shaped to engage the elevator-receiving portion 206 of the spear 200 (
In some cases, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be configured to be set down directly on the shock table 400 or another platform. For example, the load transfer sleeve 100 may include a downward extension or bushing that is received into the top of the wellbore 401, so as to prevent or minimize lateral movement of the load transfer sleeve 100. In other embodiments, other structures may be employed to stabilize the load transfer sleeve 100. As such, it will be appreciated that the spear 200, groove 144, and/or the lower, profiled inner diameter 322 may be omitted in at least some embodiments.
Further, the spreader bar 302 may be coupled with a compensator 402. The compensator 402 may be employed to assist in stabbing the tubular 106 into a subjacent tubular (i.e., a tubular that has been previously run into the wellbore). The compensator 402 may support the weight of the tubular 106 prior to and/or during make-up to a subjacent tubular, such that the spreader bar 302 may gently lower the tubular 106 into a mating connection with the subjacent tubular. Accordingly, the compensator 402 may avoid collisions and/or ensure that a minimal axial load is applied when making up the pin end of the tubular 106 to the box end of the subjacent tubular, so as to protect the threads from damage. In at least one example, the compensator 402 may be a Backpacker™ commercially available from Frank's International.
In particular, as shown in
Referring now to
The load transfer sleeve 100 may then be slid upwards (e.g., via the spreader bar 302 and/or elevator 300) relative to the tubular 106 until the axial engagement surface 132 of the insert 104 abuts the upset 134 of the tubular 106. The load transfer sleeve 100 may then transfer the weight of the tubular 106 to the body 101 via the axial engagement surface 132 and the landing surfaces 128-133, as noted above.
Accordingly, with the load transfer sleeve 100 being coupled with the spreader bar 302, the load transfer sleeve 100 may thus serve to transfer the weight of the tubular 106 to the spreader bar 302. The spreader bar 302 may then be lowered, so as to stab the pin end of the tubular 106 into a box end of a subjacent tubular. The tubular 106 may then be made up (threaded to) the subjacent tubular, e.g., via tongs or other rotational devices.
Once the tubular 106 is made up to the tubular string, the elevator 300 may engage the transfer sleeve 100, in preparation for supporting the weight of the string. With the elevator 300 engaged, the spear 200 may disengage from the tubular string, and the elevator 300 may be lowered so as to deploy the tubular 106 into the wellbore.
As the elevator 300 is lowered, the load transfer sleeve 100 may eventually receive the spear 200 (
Accordingly, the load transfer sleeve 100 may support the weight of the tubular 106 and, e.g., the weight of an entire tubular string, by transferring the weight from the upset 134 to the body 101 via the load bushing segments 102, without resulting in excessive radial load on the tubular 106. Further, by employing a radially expandable load bushing 103, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be received over the box end of a vertically-oriented tubular 106, e.g., a pipe stand that is already racked back.
As noted above, the load transfer sleeve 100 may also be employed with the tubular 106 initially being in a horizontal or any other non-vertical orientation. In such case, the load transfer sleeve 100 may laterally receive the tubular 106, below the upset 134, for example, by pivoting the two arcuate body portions 110, 112 apart. In another case, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be received over the box end 136 of the tubular 106 in the non-vertical position, with the load bushing 103 being expanded as described above. The load bushing segments 102 may then be lowered (with respect to the bowl 120), such that the load bushing segments 102 land on the landing surface 128 and are thus positioned to engage the upset 134.
The load transfer sleeve 100 may be coupled with the spreader bar 302, which may be employed to move the load transfer sleeve 100 into engagement with the upset 134, and hoist the tubular 106 via the connection with the load transfer sleeve 100 to a vertical position. Once in the vertical position, deploying the tubular 106 may proceed substantially as described above for the tubular 106 starting from the vertical orientation.
At least when the tubular 106 begins in a vertical orientation, the method 500 may begin by expanding the load bushing 103 of the load transfer sleeve 100, as at 502. This may proceed, for example, by the setting plate 138 attached to bushing segments 102 of the load bushing 103 being driven axially away from the body 101. The load bushing segments 102 may slide along the tapered bowl 120, and thus such axial movement of the load bushing segments 102 may result in a proportional radial outward movement thereof. Such radial outward movement may result in the load bushing segments 102 being circumferentially separated, thereby expanding the load bushing 103. In non-vertical starting positions for the tubular 106, the load bushing 103 may or may not be initially expanded at 502.
The load transfer sleeve 100 may be positioned around the tubular 106, as at 504. For example, the tubular 106 may be in a vertical, “racked-back” orientation, and the load transfer sleeve 100 may be received over the top, box end of the tubular 106, e.g., with the load bushing 103 in an expanded configuration. In another example, the tubular 106 may initially be in a horizontal or another non-vertical position, and the load bushing 103 may laterally receive the tubular 106 by pivoting the two (or more) arcuate body portions 110, 112 apart and receiving the tubular 106 therebetween. In a third example, the load bushing 103 may be received over the box end of the tubular 106 while the tubular 106 is in the horizontal, or another, non-vertical position.
The load transfer sleeve 100 may be moved relative to the tubular 106, such that the load bushing 103 is moved to a position adjacent to an upset 134 of the tubular 106, as at 506. For example, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be moved by lowering the load transfer sleeve 100 using the spreader bar 302 and/or the elevator 300.
When the load transfer sleeve 100 is positioned where that radial movement of the load bushing segments 102 is not obstructed by the upset 134, whether before or after moving at 506, the load bushing 103 may be radially contracted, as at 508. For example, when the tubular 106 is initially in a vertical orientation, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be lowered over the box end 136 of the tubular 106, until the box end 136 does obstruct the movement of the load bushing segments 102. When the tubular 106 is in a horizontal or non-vertical starting position, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be positioned around the tubular 106, below the upset 134, and the load bushing segment 102 may be contracted at 508 either before or after moving at 506.
Such radial contraction at 508 may be effected by axially moving the bushing segments 102 by lowering the setting plate 138 toward the body 101. By this lowering, the load bushing segments 102 may slide along the tapered bowl 120, and thus proceed radially inwards and axially downwards with respect to the body 101. The load bushing segments 102 may land on the landing surface 128 of the bowl 120, and thereby be prevented from further axially downward or radially inward movement.
Further, the radial contraction may result in the inserts 104 of the load bushing segments 102 contacting the outer diameter of the tubular 106, but in other embodiments, no continuous contact around the outer diameter of the tubular 106, below the upset 134, may be made by the inserts 104. That is, in at least one embodiment, the inserts 104 may incidentally contact the outer diameter of the tubular 106, but all of the bushing segments 102 contacting the tubular 106 at once may be prevented, as the radius defined by the bushing segments 102 may be greater than the radius of the tubular 106. Moreover, the radial contraction of the load bushing 103 may result in the axial engagement surface 132 of the inserts 104 being aligned with the upset 134.
The load transfer sleeve 100 may then be moved upward (i.e., toward the upset 134) with respect to the tubular 106, such that the axial engagement surface 132 engages, e.g., abuts and bears on, the upset 134 of the tubular 106, as at 510. With the bushing segments 102 landed on the landing surface 128, axial force applied to the axial engagement surface 132 may be transferred to the body 101, without resulting in the bushing segments 102 moving axially downwards or radially inwards.
Using the load transfer sleeve 100 and the lifting components attached thereto (e.g., elevator 300, spreader bar 302, etc.), the tubular 106 may be lifted, e.g., hoisted from a horizontal orientation to a vertical orientation and/or supported in the vertical orientation, as at 512. The tubular 106 may then be moved into position above the previously-run tubular, and then lowered, as at 514. The tubular 106 may be made up to the previously run tubular, and then deployed into the wellbore 401 by continuing to lower the load transfer sleeve 100. During such deployment the spear 200 may be open, i.e., the arcuate portions 202, 204 may be pivoted apart, so as to allow for lateral play in the tubular 106 as it is lowered.
Eventually, the lowering may result in the load transfer sleeve 100 coming into proximity with the spear 200. Accordingly, the spear 200 may be closed (i.e., the arcuate portions 202, 204 being pivoted together) and the load transfer sleeve 100 may be set down on the spear 200, as at 516. The load transfer sleeve 100 may receive a portion of the spear 200, which may prevent lateral movement of the load transfer sleeve 100 with respect thereto. With the load transfer sleeve 100 supported by the spear 200, the lifting device (e.g., elevator 300) may be removed from engagement with the load transfer sleeve 100 and used to handle the next stand of tubular. Once the next stand of tubular is made up to the box end 136 of the tubular 106, so as to support the weight thereof, the load transfer sleeve 100 may be removed from the tubular 106, e.g., by pivoting the arcuate body portions 110, 112 apart using the hinge 114 and laterally moving the load transfer sleeve 100 away from the tubular 106.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
While the present teachings have been illustrated with respect to one or more implementations, alterations and/or modifications may be made to the illustrated examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In addition, while a particular feature of the present teachings may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other implementations as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular function. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including,” “includes,” “having,” “has,” “with,” or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising.” Further, in the discussion and claims herein, the term “about” indicates that the value listed may be somewhat altered, as long as the alteration does not result in nonconformance of the process or structure to the illustrated embodiment. Finally, “exemplary” indicates the description is used as an example, rather than implying that it is an ideal.
Other embodiments of the present teachings will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the present teachings disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the present teachings being indicated by the following claims.
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/184,956 filed on Feb. 20, 2014, which has been issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,630,811, dated Apr. 25, 2017, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170191322 A1 | Jul 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14184956 | Feb 2014 | US |
| Child | 15461746 | US |
