Transformation of images

Abstract

This present invention provides a system and method for transforming a main image of a digital image, such as one stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format, updating the metadata, including the thumbnail image, to correspond to the transformed main image. The transformed main image and updated metadata are stored together in a file using the EXIF format so that the transformed main image may be viewed using a digital camera or viewer software compatible with a properly formatted EXIF file.

Description

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0002] Not Applicable.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention relates to digital still camera images and, more particularly, to a system and method for transforming an image created by a digital still camera and storing the transformed image along with its correspondingly updated metadata.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] Cameras for taking still photographs in digital form have become very popular. Most such cameras are operable in a manner similar to traditional film cameras, except that the pictures taken are stored in electronic form, such as on a compact flash removal media card.

[0005] Early digital cameras stored pictures in various electronic file formats depending upon the camera manufacturer. As digital cameras evolved, most began to store images in digital imaging formats that specify a main image and associated metadata. One example of such digital imaging formats is the now well-known Exchangeable Image File, or EXIF, format published by the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association. Version 2.1 of the EXIF standard is a current version and is publicly available via the Internet. The EXIF standard defines a format for storing a digital image comprising a main image and certain associated metadata. The metadata can include information such as a thumbnail, or miniature, representation of the main image and information about the main image itself, including the date, time, exposure setting, global positioning satellite location and other data. The metadata may be identified using certain “tags” or field names. For example, the “Compression” tag name is a field denoting whether an image is stored in a compressed format. Under the EXIF standard, a value of “6” in the Compression tag name indicates a compressed JPEG image.

[0006] After taking a picture with a digital still camera, consumers often want to view the picture on a display device such as a television. However, digital photos are commonly taken with the camera rotated away from its normal level orientation. As a result, the photo taken is correspondingly rotated, and the consumer is unable to view the picture in its original orientation without rotating the picture.

[0007] A picture stored in the digital imaging formats such as the EXIF format can be modified using personal computer software, but there are limitations. Such software can transform the main image portion of the EXIF image, which is typically stored within the EXIF file as an image in the Joint Photographic Experts Group, or JPEG, format. Current software, however, does not properly process the EXIF metadata. Thus, upon completion of the main image transformation, the software can store the transformed main image, but then either discards the metadata or merely stores a portion of the original metadata, which no longer accurately describes the now-transformed main image. For example, the main image and its corresponding metadata might be created while the camera is rotated by 90 degrees and stored in an EXIF file. Using a PC, existing software could read the EXIF file, extract the main image and transform it by rotating it to a level orientation for viewing. However, the thumbnail representation associated with the main image remains unchanged and still 90 degrees rotated from the now-transformed main image so that the thumbnail does not accurately portray the transformed image. The remaining metadata would likewise be inaccurate, such as regarding the height and width of the now-transformed main image. Consumers may attempt to view the transformed main image using the viewer software sold with the digital camera or to upload the transformed main image to a digital camera for later viewing. However, because the metadata no longer corresponds to the transformed main image, the software and the digital camera are unable to process the digital image, causing normal operation to cease. Moreover, a loss of the metadata may adversely affect categorizing and searching for images based on the metadata. In short, no satisfactory system or method exists to transform the main image of an EXIF image, to update the metadata to reflect the transformation and then to store the transformed main image along with the correspondingly updated metadata using the EXIF format.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention addresses the limitations in the in conventional image transformation by providing a system and method for properly transforming a digital image including a main image and associated metadata such that the transformed metadata accurately reflects transformations made to the main image.

[0009] The method begins by obtaining a digital image from a file or other storage medium using a digital imaging format, such as the EXIF format. Such other storage media could include an input stream stored in the memory of a personal computer. The invention parses the digital imaging file or data to extract the main image and its corresponding metadata for a digital image. A parameter is then obtained, such as from a user, for transforming the main image in a desired manner. Such a parameter could direct, for example, that the main image be rotated clockwise by 90 degrees. The main image is then transformed in accordance with the parameter. After the main image has been transformed, the invention updates the metadata in accordance with the parameter. This updating step may include modifying a thumbnail image associated with the main image so that the thumbnail represents a miniature version of the transformed main image having a similar viewing orientation. Thus, in the present example, the thumbnail image is modified by rotating it 90 degrees clockwise to correspond to the transformation performed on the main image. The updating step further includes updating as necessary any other portion of the metadata that describes the main image or thumbnail image. Thus, the height and width dimensions of the main image, as stored in the metadata, are updated to reflect the transformation. The transformed main image and updated metadata are then stored in a file using the EXIF format so that an EXIF-compatible device can view the transformed digital image.

[0010] Additional advantages and novel features of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:

[0012] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computing system environment suitable for use in implementing the present invention on a computer;

[0013] FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an overview of a digital image stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format;

[0014] FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an overview of the present invention;

[0015] FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the decoder object portion of the present invention;

[0016] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the bitmap object portion of the present invention;

[0017] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the encoder object portion of the present invention;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention provides a system and method that enables a user to store an updated version of a digital image file, such as an EXIF file. The present invention is suitably carried out on a personal computer but may also be carried out in the context of a network computing environment.

[0019] In general, a digital image is created, such as by using a digital camera, and stored using the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format. EXIF is a publicly available standard, well-known to those skilled in the art. The EXIF image may be stored on an electronic storage medium associated with the camera, which may be a compact flash memory device, writable CD or other medium. Alternatively, the EXIF image may be stored as a stream in the memory of a personal computer. A consumer may transfer the digital image to a personal computer so that it can be transformed. To carry out the transformation, the consumer specifies a parameter for transforming the digital image, such as by directing software on the personal computer to rotate the digital image, change its colors or make another modification. The EXIF file containing the desired image for transformation is then obtained by the software and stored in the memory of the computer. The main image portion of the digital image is transformed in accordance with the parameter and the metadata is updated accordingly. Specifically, the present invention rotates, resizes or otherwise as necessary transforms the thumbnail image to accurately portray, in miniature form, the corresponding transformed main image. In addition, the present invention updates the metadata to reflect changes in size, bit depth, color and other aspects that may have been modified during any transformation performed on the main image. The transformation performed on the main image and the thumbnail image can be a lossless transformation such as a lossless rotation of the image. When the desired transformations have been performed, the transformed main image and the updated metadata are stored as a digital image in a file using the EXIF format so that an EXIF-compatible device may access the digital image including both its main image and metadata, including a thumbnail image, as modified.

[0020] Having briefly described the embodiment of the present invention, an exemplary operating system for the present invention is described below:

Exemplary Operating Environment

[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a suitable local computing system environment 100 on which the invention may be implemented. The computing system environment 100 is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention. Neither should the computing environment 100 be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment 100.

[0022] The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

[0023] With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary system 100 for implementing the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 110 including a processing unit 120, a system memory 130, and a system bus 121 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 120.

[0024] Computer 110 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. The system memory 130 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 131 and random access memory (RAM) 132. A basic input/output system 133 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 110, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 131. RAM 132 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 120. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates operating system 134, application programs 135, other program modules 136, and program data 137.

[0025] The computer 110 may also include other removable/nonremovable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only, FIG. 1 illustrates a hard disk drive 141 that reads from or writes to nonremovable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive 151 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk 152, and an optical disk drive 155 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk 156 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/nonremovable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive 141 is typically connected to the system bus 121 through a non-removable memory interface such as interface 140, and magnetic disk drive 151 and optical disk drive 155 are typically connected to the system bus 121 by a removable memory interface, such as interface 150.

[0026] The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 1, provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 110. In FIG. 1, for example, hard disk drive 141 is illustrated as storing operating system 144, application programs 145, other program modules 146, and program data 147. Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system 134, application programs 135, other program modules 136, and program data 137. Operating system 144, application programs 145, other program modules 146, and program data 147 are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 110 through input devices such as a keyboard 162 and pointing device 161, commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 120 through a user input interface 160 that is coupled to the system bus 121, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 191 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 121 via an interface, such as a video interface 190. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 197 and printer 196, which may be connected through an output peripheral interface 195.

[0027] The computer 110 in the present invention will operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 180. The remote computer 180 may be a personal computer, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 110, although only a memory storage device 181 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN) 171 and a wide area network (WAN) 173, but may also include other networks.

[0028] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 110 is connected to the LAN 171 through a network interface or adapter 170. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 110 typically includes a modem 172 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 173, such as the Internet. The modem 172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 121 via the user input interface 160, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 10, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates remote application programs 185 as residing on memory device 181. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

[0029] Although many other internal components of the computer 110 are not shown, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that such components and the interconnection are well known. Accordingly, additional details concerning the internal construction of the computer 110 need not be disclosed in connection with the present invention.

Transformation of EXIF Image

[0030] The present invention may be implemented using a personal computer, such as an IBM-compatible PC running the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system.

[0031] FIG. 2 illustrates an overall block diagram of the EXIF file format for a digital image. Specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates a single digital image 202 stored in the EXIF format, such as in a file on a PC or on a removable media device in a digital camera. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, an EXIF file may contain multiple digital images having a similar format. Each digital image 202 is generally comprised of a main image 204 and metadata 206 and 208. Simple metadata 206 can include information such as the width and height of the main image, and complex metadata 208 can include a thumbnail image, or a miniature representation, of main image 204. Further details concerning the EXIF format are set forth in the document Digital Still Camera Image File Format Standard dated Jun. 12, 1998 published by the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA), filed herewith and incorporated by reference herein.

[0032] FIG. 3 illustrates an overall block diagram of the present invention. The method begins at step 210 by accessing a stream of EXIF data. Such a stream, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, can reference the data stored in an EXIF-format file, for example on a PC hard disk drive, but may also reference information stored in a computer's memory that has also been obtained from an EXIF-format file or other source. The EXIF stream 210 is obtained by decoder object 212, discussed more fully below. Decoder object 212 obtains from EXIF stream 210, the main image and the metadata, including a thumbnail image. The thumbnail image and a transformation paramter are passed to bitmap object 214 that transforms the thumbnail image as discussed more fully below. Upon completion of this transformation, bitmap object 214 passes the parameter and the transformed thumbnail image to encoder object 216. Decoder object 212 likewise passes the remaining metadata as well as the parameter and the main image to encoder object 216. Encoder object 216 then encodes the data received from bitmap object 214 and decoder object 212 and saves the data in the EXIF file format at step 218.

[0033] FIG. 4 illustrates in more detail the processes of decoder object 212. As shown therein, the decoder object accesses an EXIF stream 220. The EXIF stream contains at least one digital image in the format illustrated in FIG. 2, having a main image 204, simple metadata 206 and complex metadata 208, such as a thumbnail image or audio data. Thus, at step 222, decoder object 212 extracts from the EXIF stream 220 a main image, metadata and thumbnail information. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the data so obtained could be stored in the variety of data structures. For example, for ease of processing, the metadata including the thumbnail image, could be stored in a linked list data structure. Thereupon, at step 224 the decoder object determines whether the thumbnail extracted from the EXIF stream 220 is in the JPEG compressed format. As noted above, this format is well understood by those skilled in the art and is well suited to performing lossless transformations using publicly available software and algorithms. For example, under the EXIF standard, the Compression tag associated with the thumbnail may have a value of “6” indicating that the thumbnail image is in the JPEG compressed format. If the thumbnail extracted from EXIF stream 220 is uncompressed, then control branches to step 226 and decoder object 212 converts the thumbnail image to the JPEG compressed format. If, on the other hand, at step 224, it is determined that the thumbnail image is already in the JPEG compressed format, then control passes to step 228, and decoder object 212 transfers the thumbnail image to bitmap object 214 discussed more fully below. Thereafter, at step 230, the decoder object transfers the main image and the metadata to encoder object 216.

[0034] FIG. 5 illustrates in more detail the operation of the bitmap object 214 of the present invention. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the bitmap object references an object oriented programming object, such as one created using the MICROSOFT VISUAL C++ language and the BITMAP class definition contained within the Microsoft Foundation Classes provided with the Visual C++ product. After a bitmap object 214 is instantiated, bitmap object 214 receives at step 240 the thumbnail image and a parameter from decoder object 212. The parameter describes the transformation, such as a rotation, performed on the main image. Bitmap object 214 at step 242 then transforms the thumbnail in accordance with the parameter. For example, if the parameter directs that a 90 degree rotation be performed on the main image, then bitmap object 214 at step 242 would perform a similar 90 degree clockwise rotation on the thumbnail. Control then passes to step 244 and the thumbnail data is transferred encoder object 216. Control then passes to step 246, whereupon at step 248 the transformation data parameter is provided to the encoder object 216 and at step 260 bitmap object processing is complete.

[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates the overall operation of the encoder object 216. At step 270, the encode object receives data for the main image, metadata and the parameter. The encoder object then proceeds to store this data in a file using the EXIF format. Thus, at step 272, the encoder object writes the EXIF header information. The EXIF header information is defined by the EXIF standard and is well known to those skilled in the art. At step 284, it is then determined whether a lossless transformation of the main image has been requested and is possible. For example, a main image is provided in a compressed format, such as the JPEG format, which is a lossy format. Certain lossless transformations may be possible on a JPEG image, such as a 90-degree rotation or a horizontal or vertical flip. If such a transformation is possible and requested, it is then performed at step 276. If such a transformation is either not possible or not requested, then a lossy or other transformation is performed at step 275. Control then passes to step 278, and the encoder object updates the metadata to correspond to the transformed main image. Such updating step could include, for example, updating the ExiflmageWidth and ExifImageHeight tags to reflect changes, respectively, to the width or height of the main image as transformed.

[0036] At step 280, the transformed main image, updated metadata and the thumbnail image are stored in a file in the EXIF format. Writing the information to the EXIF-format file could occur in a variety of ways. For example, a data structure could be created to store the metadata along with the corresponding metadata tags. Such tags could include EXIF tags, GPS tags, thumbnail tags and others. The tags could then be sorted based on the tag identified, which could either be the alphanumeric name or the hexadecimal value associated with the tag. The EXIF standard defines the “image file directory” or “IFD” as the portion of the file containing metadata or image data for a given digital image. The first IFD in an EXIF file is known as the 0th IFD, which contains the main image information. In particular, the 0th IFD contains a pointer pointing to the location in the file of the 1st IFD, which typically contains the thumbnail data for the 0th IFD main image. Thus, following the sorting step, the 0th IFD value could be written to the EXIF file. Such writing step could also include writing any GPS information to the EXIF file. Metadata contained in the 1st IFD for the thumbnail image of the 0th IFD main image could then be written followed by the thumbnail image itself and, lastly, the main image. In this way, a digital image could be stored to a file in the EXIF format.

[0037] In operation, a consumer could use the present invention in a variety of ways. The consumer may begin by taking a picture using a digital camera that stores digital images in the EXIF-format. The EXIF images may be stored on a compact flash memory card or other writeable storage device. The consumer may then remove the compact flash card or other storage media from the digital camera and provide the media to a personal computer for transferring the digital image from the media to the personal computer. The consumer can use software incorporating the present invention to obtain the main image and metadata associated with a digital image in the EXIF file for transformation. The main image is transformed in accordance with a parameter provided by the consumer to describe a desired transformation. The metadata is thereupon updated in accordance with the parameter and the transformation and a updated metadata are thereupon stored in the EXIF format that could be viewed on the personal computer or transferred to the digital camera for later viewing.

[0038] From the foregoing, the invention can be seen to provide a consumer with a valuable way to view digital images created with a digital camera or other digital photo device. By enabling consumers to make such transformations and store the resulting data to a properly constituted EXIF-format file, consumers are spared many of the problems in attempting to rotate or otherwise transform digital image. The various computer systems and components shown in FIGS. 1-6 and described in the specification are merely exemplary of those suitable for use in connection with the present invention. For example, other embodiments are contemplated hereby, such as storing the method of the present invention on a computer-readable medium, including a read-only memory device associated with a digital camera having a microprocessor or other controller for transforming EXIF images without the use of a personal computer. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description.

Claims

1. A method for transforming a digital image comprising a main image and metadata associated with the main image in accordance with a parameter, comprising: transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter to produce a transformed main image; and modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata corresponding to the transformed main image.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital image is obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the EXIF format.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

8. A computer system having a processor, a memory, and an operating environment, the computer system operable to execute the method recited in claim 1.

9. A method for transforming a digital image having a main image and metadata, comprising: obtaining a parameter for transforming the main image; transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter to produce a transformed main image; modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata for the transformed main image; and storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the digital image is obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

15. A computer system having a processor, a memory, and an operating environment, the computer system operable to execute the method recited in claim 9.

16. A method for transforming a digital image obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format having a main image and metadata in accordance with a parameter, comprising: transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter into a transformed main image; and modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata for the transformed main image.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the EXIF format.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

22. A computer system having a processor, a memory, and an operating environment, the computer system operable to execute the method recited in claim 16.

23. A method for updating metadata, which includes a thumbnail image associated with a main image of a digital image obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format, wherein the main image has been transformed by rotating the main image a known amount to produce a transformed main image, comprising: obtaining the thumbnail image; and rotating the thumbnail image by the known amount to produce a transformed thumbnail image having a viewing orientation corresponding to the viewing orientation of the transformed main image.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

25. The method of claim 23, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the transformed thumbnail image in a file using the EXIF format.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein said step of rotating the thumbnail image includes performing a lossless rotation.

27. The method of claim 23, further comprising modifying the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

28. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method for transforming a digital image comprising a main image and metadata associated with the main image in accordance with a parameter, comprising: transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter to produce a transformed main image; and modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata corresponding to the transformed main image.

29. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein the digital image is obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

30. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

31. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the EXIF format.

32. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

33. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

34. The computer-readable medium of claim 28, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

35. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method for transforming a digital image having a main image and metadata, comprising: obtaining a parameter for transforming the main image; transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter to produce a transformed main image; modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata for the transformed main image; and .storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata.

36. The computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the digital image is obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

37. The computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein the step of storing the transformed main image includes storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format.

38. The computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

39. The computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

40. The computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

41. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method for transforming a digital image obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format having a main image and metadata, in accordance with a parameter, comprising: transforming the main image in accordance with the parameter into a transformed main image; and modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata for the transformed main image.

42. The computer-readable medium of claim 41, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the EXIF format.

43. The computer-readable medium of claim 41, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes determining whether a thumbnail image contained in the metadata is in the compressed JPEG format and, if not, converting the thumbnail image to the compressed JPEG format.

44. The computer-readable medium of claim 41, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes performing a lossless transformation on a thumbnail image contained in the metadata.

45. The computer-readable medium of claim 41, wherein said step of modifying the metadata includes updating the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

46. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing a method for updating metadata, which includes a thumbnail image associated with a main image of a digital image obtained from a file stored in the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format, wherein the main image has been transformed by rotating the main image a known amount to produce a transformed main image, comprising: obtaining the thumbnail image; and rotating the thumbnail image by the known amount to produce a transformed thumbnail image having a viewing orientation corresponding to the viewing orientation of the transformed main image.

47. The computer-readable medium of claim 46, further comprising storing the transformed main image and the transformed thumbnail image in a file using the EXIF format.

48. The computer-readable medium of claim 46, wherein said step of rotating the thumbnail image includes performing a lossless rotation.

49. The computer-readable medium of claim 46, further comprising modifying the metadata to contain the height and width dimensions of the transformed main image.

50. A system for modifying a digital image in accordance with a parameter, the digital image being stored using the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format, comprising: a decoder object that extracts from the digital image a main image and metadata associated therewith, wherein said metadata include a thumbnail image; a bitmap object that transforms the thumbnail image in accordance with the parameter to produce a transformed thumbnail image; and an encoder object that transforms the metadata in accordance with the transformation parameter and stores the transformed main image data, the transformed thumbnail image and transformed metadata using the EXIF format.

51. A computer system for transforming a digital image having a main image and metadata after the main image has been transformed in accordance with a parameter to produce a transformed main image, comprising: means for obtaining the metadata; and means for modifying the metadata in accordance with the parameter to produce updated metadata corresponding to the transformed main image.

52. The method of claim 51, further comprising means for storing the transformed main image and the updated metadata in a file using the EXIF format.

53. A computer system for modifying an image in accordance with a transformation parameter, the image being stored in a file using the Exchangeable Image File (“EXIF”) format, comprising: means for extracting a main image and metadata associated therewith; means for modifying the main image to produce a transformed main image; means for updating the metadata to correspond to the transformed main image; and means for storing the transformed main image and updated metadata using the EXIF format.