Patent Application
20150305380
Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (“R. suavissimus”) (Chinese sweet leaf) is a plant whose leaves are used to brew a sweetened tea. Consumer products such as beverages, teas, tooth paste, gum, deodorants or tablets containing the leaves or extract from R. suavissimus have been described (CN 102334576, CN 102228298, CN 102224902, CN 102150775, CN 102138887, CN 101990968, CN 101991051, CN 101919464, CN 101878839, CN 101878721, CN 101779718, CN 101669642, CN 101069533, CN 1757295, CN 1757293, CN 1742598, CN 1669458, CN 1582702, CN 1593174, CN 1561849, CN 1149419, JP 2010041949, JP 08317781, JP 2009190990, JP 2007290968, JP 2006187253, JP 2004166606, JP 2002193733, JP 2000041639, US 2008/0311252 and US 2005/0152997).
The sweet components of R. suavissimus have been isolated and rubusoside is identified as the major active component (Xu, et al. (1982) Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products 2(2):38-41; Tanaka, et al. (1981) Agric. Biol. Chem. 45:2165-2166). Enzymatic modification of rubusoside has also been described using fructofuranosidase, galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase. The resulting derivatives have been suggested for use as sweet modulators or enhancers (Ishikawa, et al. (1990) Agric. Biol. Chem. 54(12):3137-3143; JPH02238890; Darise, et al. (1984) Agric. Biol. Chem. 48(10):2483-2488; Ohtani, et al. (1991) Agric. Biol. Chem. 55 (2):449-453).
It has now been found unexpectedly that glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract enhance the mouthfeel of a consumable. Such enhancement is distinctly different and independent from the sweetness enhancement that is known previously. When used at high levels, glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract provide enhanced mouthfeel without causing significant increase of sweetness. Glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract are therefore particularly useful in enhancing the mouthfeel of a consumable.
This invention provides a method of enhancing the mouthfeel, in particular sugary mouthfeel, of a consumable including a carbohydrate sweetener or an artificial sweetener by adding an olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside or a transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract containing an olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside. R. suavissimus extract containing various concentrations of rubusoside are enzymatically transglucosylated to varying degrees to produce transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract. In certain embodiments, R. suavissimus extract is transglucosylated at a rate of about 10% to about 90% and preferably from about 30% to about 80% to produce a transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract. An olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside or a transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract containing an olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside is added to a consumable containing a carbohydrate sweetener or an artificial sweetener. In certain embodiments, the olfactory effective amount is from about 5 to about 750 ppm, preferably from about 10 to about 300 ppm and more preferably from about 15 to 150 ppm by weight of the consumable.
Carbohydrate sweeteners of this invention include, for example, but are not limited to sucrose, fructose, glucose, high fructose corn syrup, xylose, arabinose or rhamnose, as well as sugar alcohol such as erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol or inositol. Artificial sweeteners of this invention include, but are not limited to, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin, or a combination thereof. Consumables include, for example, a food product (e.g., a beverage), a flavoring, a pharmaceutical composition, a dietary supplement, a nutraceutical, a dental hygienic composition, a tabletop sweetener or a cosmetic product. Flavorings particularly embraced by the present invention include Natural Sweet Flavor #2, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, stevia, alpha-glucosyl stevia, fructosyl stevia, galactosyl stevia, beta-glucosyl stevia, siamenoside, mogrosidc IV, mogroside V, Luo Han Guo sweetener, monatin and its salts, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, curculin, thaumatin, monellin, mabinlin, brazzein, hernandulcin, phyllodulcin, glycyphyllin, phloridzin, trilobtain, baiyunoside, osladin, polypodoside A, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mukurozioside, phlomisoside I, periandrin I, abrusoside A, cyclocarioside I or a combination thereof.
It has now been found that a transglucosylated product of R. suavissimus extract provides surprising enhanced mouthfeel, in particular sugary mouthfeel. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods of producing and using glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract to enhance the mouthfeel of a consumable in various applications including beverages, savory, dairy and confectionary.
As used herein, a R. suavissimus extract is an alcohol, alcohol and water or water extract from the leaves of R. suavissimus. In certain embodiments, the R. suavissimus extract is enriched for rubusoside to achieve a content ranging from about 15% to about 95%. In particular embodiments, the R. suavissimus extract contains from about 50% to about 90% rubusoside, from about 60% to about 80% rubusoside or from about 70% to about 95% rubusoside. Preferably, R. suavissimus extract has a rubusoside content of about 70% or greater. Unless otherwise specified, percentages (% s) are by weight. R. suavissimus extract of use in this invention can be obtained from commercial sources such as those described herein.
The transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract is produced by obtaining a R. suavissimus extract containing rubusoside and transglucosylating the rubusoside of the R. suavissimus extract to add glucose units, for example, one, two, three, four, five or more than five glucose units, to the rubusoside. Transglucosylation of the R. suavissimus extract can be carried out with any suitable enzyme including but not limited to, pullulanase and isomaltase, β-galactosidase, dextrine saccharase or cyclodextrin gluconotransferase with pullulan, maltose, lactose, partially hydrolyzed starch and maltodextrin being donors (Lobov, et al. (1991)Agric. Biol. Chem. 55:2959-2965; Kitahata, et al. (1989) Agric. Biol. Chem. 53:2923-2928; Yamamoto, et al. (1994) Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 58:1657-1661; U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,571). Once transglucosylation of the R. suavissimus extract is complete, the enzyme can be inactivated by, e.g., heat treatment. The enzyme-inactivated reaction solution can be dried, e.g., by spray drying, to produce a solid product.
In certain embodiments, the resulting solid transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract contains from about 10% to about 80% of rubusoside and glucosylated derivatives with the remainder being maltodextrin and non-active plant extract. Preferably, the enzyme-inactivated reaction solution is partially concentrated, e.g., by rotary evaporation, in the presence of a suitable carrier, e.g., glycerin or glycerol, to produce a concentrated fluid product with the remainder being carriers, diluents and non-active plant extract. The content of rubusoside and the glucosylated derivatives in a transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract product depends on the rubusoside content in the raw material, the rate of transglucosylation, the physical form of the product (dry or fluid) and the amount of carriers and diluents present in the extract. In certain embodiment, from about 10% to about 90% of the rubusoside is transglucosylated. In yet another embodiment, from about 30% to about 80% of the rubusoside is transglucosylated.
As described herein, glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract enhance the mouthfeel of consumables. The mouthfeel of a consumable including glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract is improved in relation to the mouthfeel of a comparative consumable that does not include glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract. In particular embodiments, glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract enhance the sugary mouthfeel of a consumable.
Mouthfeel involves the physical and chemical interaction of a consumable in the mouth. In the present invention, the term “mouthfeel” refers to the fullness sensation experienced in the mouth, which relates to the body and texture of the consumable. The term “sugary mouthfeel” refers to the fullness sensation experienced by an individual upon consumption of a sugar. In the present invention, glucosylated rubusoside and transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract help to build the body and viscosity of a sweetener such as sugar to provide and intensify the mouthfeel of the sweetener.
As used herein, a consumable includes all food products, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical compositions, dental hygienic compositions and cosmetic products. In some embodiments, the consumable includes one or more artificial sweeteners including, but not limited to, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame potassium, or saccharin. In other embodiments, the consumable includes one or more carbohydrate sweeteners. The carbohydrate sweetener can be present in the consumable inherently (e.g., in food products containing fruits) or the carbohydrate sweetener is added into the consumable. Suitable carbohydrate sweeteners of the present invention include, but are not limited to, sucrose, fructose, glucose, high fructose corn syrup (containing fructose and glucose), xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, and sugar alcohols, such as erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, or inositol. In one embodiment, the carbohydrate sweetener is sucrose, fructose, glucose, high fructose corn syrup, xylose, arabinose or rhamnose, preferably sucrose, fructose, or glucose. In one aspect of this embodiment, the carbohydrate sweetener is sucrose. In another aspect of this embodiment, the carbohydrate sweetener is glucose. In another aspect of this embodiment, the carbohydrate sweetener is fructose. In another embodiment, the carbohydrate sweetener is a sugar alcohol, e.g., erythritol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol or inositol.
In a consumable, an olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside or a transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract containing an olfactory effective amount of glucosylated rubusoside is used to enhance the mouthfeel, in particular, sugary mouthfeel, of a carbohydrate sweetener or an artificial sweetener without exhibiting any off-taste. The term “olfactory effective amount” refers to the amount of glucosylated rubusoside or the amount of glucosylated rubusoside in transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract in a consumable, wherein glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract will enhance the mouthfeel of the consumable. Any amount of glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract that provides the desired degree of mouthfeel enhancement can be used, which is determined by the content of the glucosylated rubusoside present. The term “ppm” as used herein refers to part per million by weight or volume.
The term “food product” as used herein includes, but is not limited to, fruits, vegetables, juices, meat products such as ham, bacon and sausage; egg products, fruit concentrates, gelatins and gelatin-like products such as jams, jellies, preserves, and the like; milk products such as ice cream, sour cream and sherbet; icings, syrups including molasses; corn, wheat, rye, soybean, oat, rice and barley products, nut meats and nut products, cakes, cookies, confectionaries such as candies, gums, fruit flavored drops, and chocolates, chewing gum, mints, creams, icing, ice cream, pies and breads, beverages such as coffee, tea, carbonated soft drinks, such as COKE® and PEPSI®, non-carbonated soft drinks, juices and other fruit drinks, sports drinks such as GATORADE®, coffee, teas, iced teas, cola, alcoholic beverages, such as beers, wines and liquors, and KOOL-AID®. Preferably, the consumable in which the mouthfeel is enhanced may contain a decreased level of the carbohydrate sweetener. Food products also include condiments such as herbs, spices and seasonings, flavor enhancers, such as monosodium glutamate. A food product also includes prepared packaged products, such as dietetic sweeteners, liquid sweeteners, granulated flavor mixes which upon reconstitution with water provide non-carbonated drinks, instant pudding mixes, instant coffee and tea, coffee whiteners, malted milk mixes, pet foods, livestock feed, tobacco, and materials for baking applications, such as powdered baking mixes for the preparation of breads, cookies, cakes, pancakes, donuts and the like. Food products also include diet or low-calorie food and beverages containing little or no sucrose. Especially preferred food products are carbonated beverages.
The consumable can also be a pharmaceutical composition. Preferred compositions are pharmaceutical compositions containing glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. These pharmaceutical compositions can be used to formulate pharmaceutical drugs containing one or more active agents that exert a biological effect other than sweetness enhancement. The pharmaceutical composition preferably further includes one or more active agents that exert a biological effect. Such active agents include pharmaceutical and biological agents that have an activity other than taste enhancement. Such active agents are well known in the art (e.g., The Physician's Desk Reference). Such compositions can be prepared according to procedures known in the art, for example, as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa. In one embodiment, such an active agent includes bronchodilators, anorexiants, antihistamines, nutritional supplements, laxatives, analgesics, anesthetics, antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, anticholinergics, antidiarrheals, demulcents, antitussives, antinauseants, antimicrobials, antibacterials, antifungals, antivirals, expectorants, anti-inflammatory agents, antipyretics, and mixtures thereof In one embodiment, the active agent is selected from the group consisting of antipyretics and analgesics, e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or aspirin; laxatives, e.g., phenolphthalein dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate; appetite depressants, e.g., amphetamines, phenylpropanolamine, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, or caffeine; antacidics, e.g., calcium carbonate; antiasthmatics, e.g., theophylline; antidiuretics, e.g., diphenoxylate hydrochloride; agents active against flatulence, e.g., simethecon; migraine agents, e.g., ergotaminetartrate; psychopharmacological agents, e.g., haloperidol; spasmolytics or sedatives, e.g., phenobarbitol; antihyperkinetics, e.g., methyldopa or methylphenidate; tranquilizers, e.g., benzodiazepines, hydroxinmeprobramates or phenothiazines; antihistaminics, e.g., astemizol, chloropheniramine maleate, pyridamine maleate, doxlamine succinate, bromopheniramine maleate, phenyltoloxamine citrate, chlorocyclizine hydrochloride, pheniramine maleate, and phenindamine tartrate; decongestants, e.g., phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, phenylephrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine sulfate, phenylpropanolamine bitartrate, and ephedrine; beta-receptor blockers, e.g., propanolol; agents for alcohol withdrawal, e.g., disulfuram; antitussives, e.g., benzocaine, dextromethorphan, dextromethorphan hydrobromide, noscapine, carbetapentane citrate, and chlophedianol hydrochloride; fluorine supplements, e.g., sodium fluoride; local antibiotics, e.g., tetracycline or cleocine; corticosteroid supplements, e.g., prednisone or prednisolone; agents against goiter formation, e.g., colchicine or allopurinol; antiepileptics, e.g., phenyloine sodium; agents against dehydration, e.g., electrolyte supplements; antiseptics, e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride; NSAIDs, e.g., acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, or salts thereof; gastrointestinal active agents, e.g., loperamide and famotidine; various alkaloids, e.g., codeine phosphate, codeine sulfate, or morphine; supplements for trace elements, e.g., sodium chloride, zinc chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and other alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts; vitamins; ion-exchange resins, e.g., cholestyramine; cholesterol-depressant and lipid-lowering substances; antiarrhythmics, e.g., N-acetylprocainamide; and expectorants, e.g., guaifenesin. In some embodiments, the consumable is a dietary supplement or nutraceutical. Examples of such compositions having an undesirable taste include, but are not limited to, enteral nutrition products for treatment of nutritional deficit, trauma, surgery, Crohn's disease, renal disease, hypertension, obesity and the like, to promote athletic performance, muscle enhancement or general well-being or inborn errors of metabolism such as phenylketonuria. In particular, such compositions can contain one or more amino acids which have a bitter or metallic taste or aftertaste. Such amino acids include, but are not limited to, an essential amino acids such as L isomers of leucine, isoleucine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine. In a further embodiment, the consumable of the present invention is a dental hygienic composition, containing a carbohydrate sweetener and glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract containing glucosylated rubusoside. Dental hygienic compositions are known in the art and include, but are not necessarily limited to, toothpaste, mouthwash, plaque rinse, dental floss, dental pain relievers (such as ANBESOL™), and the like. In one embodiment, the dental hygienic composition includes one carbohydrate sweetener. In another embodiment, the dental hygienic composition includes more than one carbohydrate sweetener. In certain embodiments, the dental hygienic composition includes sucrose and corn syrup, or sucrose and aspartame. In yet another embodiment, the consumable of the present invention is a cosmetic product containing a carbohydrate sweetener and glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract containing glucosylated rubusoside. For example, but not by way of limitation, the cosmetic product can be a face cream, lipstick, lip gloss, and the like. Other suitable compositions of the invention include lip balm, such as CHAPSTICK® or BURT'S BEESWAX® Lip Balm.
As indicated, glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract can be used in a consumable such as a flavoring to enhance mouthfeel, in particular sugary mouthfeel. In some embodiments, the flavoring and glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract are used at a 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 or 4:1 ratio. Flavorings of use in this invention include, but are not limited to, Natural Sweet Flavor #2 (WO 2012/129451), stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, stevia, alpha-glucosyl stevia, fructosyl stevia, galactosyl stevia, beta-glucosyl stevia, siamenoside, mogrosidc IV, mogroside V, Luo Han Guo sweetener, monatin and its salts, glycyrrhizic acid and its salts (e.g., as found in MAGNASWEET), curculin, thaumatin, monellin, mabinlin, brazzein, hernandulcin, phyllodulcin, glycyphyllin, phloridzin, trilobtain, baiyunoside, osladin, polypodoside A, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mukurozioside, phlomisoside I, periandrin I, abrusoside A, cyclocarioside I, or a combination thereof In certain embodiments, the flavoring is Natural Sweet Flavor #2 (also known as NSF-02), which contains glucosylated steviol glycosides and dextrin. In one embodiment, the invention provides a combination of the glucosylated rubusoside or transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract of the invention and a flavoring in a reduced amount in order to achieve the same level of mouthfeel when the flavoring is used alone in the traditional amount. In this respect, the amount of flavoring used can be reduced by at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%, or from about 60% to about 99%, or alternatively from about 20% to about 50%.
The invention is described in greater detail by the following non-limiting examples.
Transglucosylated R. suavissimus Extract with a Rubusoside Transglucosylation Rate of about 35.1% (Preparation I)
R. suavissimus extract (25 g powder, containing ˜16.8 g rubusoside) (Hunan Changsha Yuanhang Biology Product Co., LTD, China) and maltodextrin DE 10 (25 g) were dissolved in NaHCO3 water solution (0.05 M) (120 mL). The mixture was transferred to a jacketed reaction vessel and heated to and maintained at 55° C. Cyclodextrin gluconotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19; 1200 units) (Amano Enzyme Inc., Japan) was added to initiate the transglucosylation reaction. The reaction mixture was incubated at 57.5° C. for about 1 hour with constant agitation. Additional cyclodextrin gluconotransferase (1200 units) was then added and the reaction mixture was incubated at 57.5° C. for 1 more hour with constant agitation. At the end of incubation, the reaction mixture was heated to and maintained at 90° C. for 15 minutes and subsequently cooled to room temperature. Glycerol (20 g) was added as a carrier. The resulting mixture was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to afford a solution of transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract (82.2 g) containing rubusoside (10.9 g) and glucosylated rubusoside (5.9 g). Accordingly, R. suavissimus extract with a rubusoside glucosylation rate of ˜35.1% was provided.
Transglucosylated R. suavissimus Extract with a Rubusoside Transglucosylation Rate of about 60.9% (Preparation II)
R. suavissimus extract (50 g powder, containing ˜33.5 g rubusoside) (Hunan Changsha Yuanhang Biology Product Co., LTD, China) and maltodextrin DE 10 (25 g) were dissolved in acetate buffer (0.5 M, pH 6) (200 g). The mixture was transferred to a jacketed reaction vessel and heated to and maintained at 55° C. Cyclodextrin gluconotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19; 3600 units) (Amano Enzyme Inc., Japan) was added to initiate the transglucosylation reaction. The reaction mix was incubated at 55° C. for about 24 hours with constant agitation. At the end of incubation, the reaction mixture was heated to and maintained at 90° C. for about 15 minutes and subsequently cooled to room temperature. Glycerol (30 g) was then added as a carrier. The resulting mixture was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to afford a solution of transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract (138 g) containing rubusoside (13.1 g) and glucosylated rubusoside (20.4 g). Accordingly, R. suavissimus extract with a rubusoside glucosylation rate of ˜60.9% was provided.
Transglucosylated R. suavissimus Extract with a Rubusoside Transglucosylation Rate of about 78.0% (Preparation III)
R. suavissimus extract (25 g powder, containing about 20.9 g of rubusoside) (Guilin Layn Natural Ingredients Corp., China) and maltodextrin DE 10 (50 g) were dissolved in acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 6) (250 g). The mixture was transferred to a jacketed reaction vessel and heated to and maintained at 55° C. Cyclodextrin gluconotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19; 3000 units) (Amano Enzyme Inc., Japan) was added to initiate the transglucosylation reaction. The reaction mix was incubated at 55° C. for about 24 hours with constant agitation. At the end of incubation, the reaction mixture was heated to and maintained at 90° C. for about 15 minutes and subsequently cooled to room temperature. Glycerol (20 g) was then added as a carrier. The resulting mixture was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to afford a solution of transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract (100.5 g) containing rubusoside (4.6 g) and glucosylated rubusoside (16.3 g). Accordingly, R. suavissimus extract with a rubusoside glucosylation rate of ˜78.0% was provided.
Isosweet solutions of sucrose (1.5%), rebaudioside A (“Reb-A”) (30 ppm), sucralose (20 ppm) and rubusoside (45 ppm) were prepared in a sucrose base solution (4% in water). Additional solutions of transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract prepared with different rubusoside transglucosylation rates including Preparation I, II and III (prepared as above in EXAMPLE I) were also prepared.
Sweetness and mouthfeel of the obtained solutions were evaluated using a score of 0 to 10, where 0=none, 1=barely detectable, 2=weak, 4=weak-moderate, 6=moderate, 8=moderate-strong and 10=extremely strong. Averaged scores are reported in the following:
As shown in the above, the enhancement of mouthfeel exhibited by the transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract improved with higher glucosylation rates, while the intensity of sweetness showed a reversed trend. Thus, such mouthfeel enhancement is distinctly different and independent from sweetness enhancement. Accordingly, transglucosylated R. suavissimus extract is unexpectedly and advantageously useful in enhancing the mouthfeel of a consumable.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/919,863, filed Dec. 23, 2013, the contents hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61919863 | Dec 2013 | US |
