Patent Application
20240109923
The present application is based on, and claims priority from, Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0088402 filed on Jul. 16, 2020 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2021-0092809 filed on Jul. 15, 2021 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
The present disclosure relates to a novel transition metal compound and a catalyst composition comprising the same.
Linear low-density polyethylene has high breaking strength and elongation along with the characteristics of general polyethylene, and is excellent in tear strength and dart falling impact strength, and thus, is widely used in stretch films and overlap films, to which are difficult to apply to conventional low-density polyethylene or high-density polyethylene.
Since low-density polyethylene produced by the high-pressure method has a high melt tension and thus good moldability, it is provided for applications such as films and hollow containers. However, since the high-pressure low-density polyethylene has a large number of long-chain branched structures, there is a problem that mechanical strength such as tensile strength, tear strength or impact strength is deteriorated.
The ethylene-based polymer obtained by using Ziegler catalyst is superior in mechanical strength such as tensile strength, tear strength or impact resistance strength as compared with high-pressure low-density polyethylene, but it has a disadvantage in that a molded article such as a film is sticky.
In order to solve these problems, various ethylene-based polymers using a metallocene catalyst which is a homogeneous catalyst (single site catalyst) are disclosed.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-97481 discloses an ethylene-based polymer obtained by a gas phase polymerization in the presence of a catalyst composed of racemic ethylene bis(1-indenyl)zirconium diphenoxide. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1997-111208 discloses an ethylene-based polymer (manufactured by Exxon Chemical, trade name: EXACT) obtained by using a metallocene compound as a polymerization catalyst. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 1999-269324 discloses an ethylene-based polymer obtained by a high-pressure ionic polymerization in the presence of a catalyst consisting of ethylene-bis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl)zirconium dichloride and methylalumoxane. Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-3661 discloses an ethylene-based polymer obtained using a catalyst composed of bis(n-butylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride and methylalumoxane.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 6,180,736 describes a method for preparing polyethylene having low production cost, almost no fouling, and stable polymerization activity, by using one type of metallocene catalyst and preparing in a single gas-phase reactor or continuous slurry reactor. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 6,911,508 reports on the production of polyethylene with improved rheological properties, by performing polymerization in a single gas-phase reactor using a novel metallocene catalyst compound and 1-hexene as a comonomer. However, there is a problem in that the processability is not good due to the narrow molecular weight distribution. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 6,828,394 reports on the process for preparing polyethylene, which is excellent in processability and is particularly suitable for films by using a mixture of a good comonomer incorporator and a poor comonomer incorporator.
On the other hand, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,841,631 and 6,894,128 report that polyethylene having a bimodal or polymodal molecular weight distribution is produced with a metallocene-based catalyst using at least two metal compounds, and can be applied to usage such as film, blow molding, and pipe. However, these products have improved in processability, but there is a problem that the dispersed state according to the molecular weight in the unit particles is not uniform, so there is a problem that the extruded appearance is rough and the physical properties are not stable even under relatively good extrusion conditions.
Against this background, there is a constant demand for the production of better products having a balance between physical properties and processability, and further improvement thereof is needed.
In the present disclosure, there is provided a novel transition metal compound that is useful for the production of polyethylene having a high molecular weight and an intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content along with excellent catalytic activity for ethylene polymerization.
In addition, the present disclosure is to provide a catalyst composition containing the above-mentioned transition metal compound.
In addition, the present disclosure is to provide a method for preparing polyethylene using the catalyst composition, and polyethylene produced therefrom.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a transition metal compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:
In addition, the present disclosure provides a catalyst composition comprising the above-mentioned transition metal compound.
The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing polyethylene, comprising a step of copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin in the presence of the catalyst composition.
A further aspect of the present disclosure provides polyethylene obtained by the above preparation method.
Terms used herein are only for explaining specific exemplary embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.
The singular expression may include the plural expression unless it is differently expressed contextually.
As used herein, the terms “comprise”, “include”, or “have” designate that stated characteristics, numbers, steps, constitutional elements or combinations thereof are exist, but it should be understood that they do not previously exclude the possibility of existence or addition of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, constitutional elements or combinations thereof.
Further, as used herein, in case a layer or an element is mentioned to be formed “on” layers or elements, it means that the layer or element is directly formed on the layers or elements, or it means that other layers or elements may be additionally formed between the layers, on a subject, or on a substrate.
The terms “about” or “approximately” or “substantially” are intended to have meanings close to numerical values or ranges specified with an allowable error and intended to prevent accurate or absolute numerical values disclosed for understanding of the present disclosure from being illegally or unfairly used by any unconscionable third party.
As used herein, the (co)polymer is meant to include both a homo-polymer and a copolymer (co-polymer).
As used herein, when a definition is not otherwise provided, the “copolymerization” may refer to a block copolymerization, random copolymerization, graft copolymerization, or alternating copolymerization, and the term “copolymer” may refer to a block copolymer, random copolymer, graft copolymer, or alternating copolymer.
Although the present disclosure may have various forms and various modifications may be made thereto, specific embodiments will be exemplified and explained in detail. However, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure to disclosed forms, and it should be understood that all the modifications, equivalents or substitutions within the idea and technical scope of the present invention are included in the present disclosure.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transition metal compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.
Specifically, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a compound having an asymmetric structure in which an indacene ligand and an indene ligand including a specific substituent are bonded by a specific bridge group. The compound is characterized in that a methyl group is substituted at position 2 of indacene ligand and indene ligand, and only an alkyl group is bonded to the substituted bridge group. In particular, the compound is a compound having a symmetric structure in which the same ligand is bridged, but compared to a compound in which a bulky substituent other than a methyl group is bonded to a ligand, or a compound with a substituent including a hetero atom such as oxygen in a bridge group, it not only exhibits excellent process stability and high polymerization activity in the ethylene polymerization reaction, but also significantly increases the intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content and changes the molecular structure and distribution, and thus, can be effectively applied to a catalyst for preparing polyethylene having excellent morphology, excellent mechanical properties and enhanced durability.
As used herein, “racemic form” or “racemate” or “racemic isomer” means a form in which the same substituents on the two indenyl and indacenyl moieties are positioned on a plane containing a transition metal represented by M in Chemical Formula 1, for example, a transition metal such as zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf) and are positioned at mutually opposite sides with respect to the center of the indenyl and indacenyl moieties.
And, as used herein, the term “meso form” or “meso isomer” is a stereoisomer of the above-mentioned racemic isomer, and means a form in which the same substituents on the two indenyl and indacenyl moieties are positioned on a plane containing a transition metal represented by M in Chemical Formula 1, for example, a transition metal such as zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), and positioned on the same side with respect to the center of the indenyl and indacenyl moieties.
Further, unless otherwise specified herein, the following terms may be defined as follows.
A halogen may be fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).
An alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) may be a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl. Specifically, the alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; a branched or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; a branched or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 15 carbon atoms; or a branched or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. In one example, the alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An alkenyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (C2-20) includes a straight-chain or branched alkenyl, and specifically, it may include allyl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) may include a methoxy group, ethoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclohexyloxy group, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (C2-20) is a functional group in which one or more hydrogens of the above-mentioned alkyl are substituted with alkoxy, and specifically, it may include alkoxyalkyl such as methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, iso-propoxymethyl, iso-propoxyethyl, iso-propoxypropyl, iso-propoxyhexyl, tert-butoxymethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxypropyl, tert-butoxyhexyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An aryloxy having 6 to 40 carbon atoms (C6-40) may include phenoxy, biphenoxyl, naphthoxy, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An aryloxyalkyl group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms (C7-40) is a functional group in which one or more hydrogens of the above-mentioned alkyl are substituted with aryloxy, and specifically, it may include phenoxymethyl, phenoxyethyl, phenoxyhexyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An alkylsilyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) or an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) is a functional group in which 1 to 3 hydrogens of —SiH3 are substituted with 1 to 3 alkyls or alkoxy as described above, and specifically, it may include alkylsilyl such as methylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, dimethylethylsilyl, diethylmethylsilyl group or dimethylpropylsilyl; alkoxysilyl such as methoxysilyl, dimethoxysilyl, trimethoxysilyl or dimethoxyethoxysilyl; alkoxyalkylsilyl such as methoxydimethylsilyl, diethoxymethylsilyl or dimethoxypropylsilyl, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
A silylalkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) is a functional group in which one or more hydrogens of the alkyl as described above are substituted with silyl, and specifically, it may include —CH2—SiH3, methylsilylmethyl or dimethylethoxysilylpropyl, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Further, an alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (C1-20) is identical to the above-mentioned alkyl except that it is a divalent substituent, and specifically, it may include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, cyclopropylene, cyclobutylene, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, cyclooctylene, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (C6-20) may be a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. In one example, the aryl having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (C6-20) may include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, fluorenyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An alkylaryl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms (C7-20) may mean a substituent in which one or more hydrogens among hydrogens of an aromatic ring are substituted with the above-mentioned alkyl. In one example, the alkylaryl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms (C7-20) may include methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, methylbiphenyl, methylnaphthyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
An arylalkyl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms (C7-20) may mean a substituent in which one or more hydrogens of the above-mentioned alkyl are substituted with the above-mentioned aryl. In one example, the arylalkyl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms (C7-20) may include phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, biphenylmethyl, naphthylmethyl, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Further, an arylene having 6 to 20 carbon atoms (C6-20) is identical to the above-mentioned aryl except that it is a divalent substituent, and specifically, it may include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthylene, anthracenylene, phenanthrenylene, fluorenylene, and the like, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
And, the Group 4 transition metal may be titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), or rutherpodium (Rf), specifically, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), or hafnium (Hf), and more specifically, zirconium (Zr), or hafnium (Hf), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Further, the Group 13 element may be boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), or thallium (Tl), and specifically, boron (B) or aluminum (Al), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
The above-mentioned substituents may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group; halogen; alkyl or alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy; alkyl or alkenyl, aryl, alkoxy containing one or more heteroatoms among the heteroatoms of Groups 14 to 16; silyl; alkylsilyl or alkoxysilyl, phosphine group; phosphide group; sulfonate group; and sulfonyl groups, within the range that exerts the same or similar effects as the desired effect.
For reference, the “part by weight” as used herein refers to a relative concept of a ratio of the weight of the remaining material based on the weight of a specific material. For example, in a mixture containing 50 g of material A, 20 g of material B, and 30 g of material C, the amounts of material B and C based on 100 parts by weight of material A are 40 parts by weight and 60 parts by weight, respectively.
On the other hand, “wt % (% by weight)” refers to an absolute concept of expressing the weight of a specific material in percentage based on the total weight. In the above-mentioned mixture, the contents of material A, B and C based on 100% of the total weight of the mixture are 50%, 20% and 30% by weight, respectively.
Specifically, in Chemical Formula 1, A may be carbon, silicon, or germanium, preferably silicon.
In Chemical Formula 1, M may be zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf), preferably zirconium (Zr).
In particular, the transition metal compound has a structure in which a methyl group is substituted at a specific position of the indacene ligand and the indene ligand, that is, at the position 2, whereby it not only exhibits excellent process stability and high polymerization activity when applied as a catalyst to the ethylene polymerization process, but also significantly increases the intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content and changes the molecular structure and distribution, and thus, realizes an excellent morphology in which the resulting polymer is scattered like sand grains and the grains maintain their original shape, together with excellent mechanical properties
Further, the transition metal compound includes substituents R1 and R2 at a specific position other than the methyl group in the indacene ligand and the indene ligand, that is, at position 4 of the indacene ligand and the indene ligand.
Specifically, R1 and R2 may each be hydrogen, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with C1-6 straight-chain or branched alkyl. In one example, R1 and R2 may each be hydrogen, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with C1-4 straight-chain or branched alkyl, and preferably it may be hydrogen, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with tert-butyl.
In one example, the transition metal compound may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1-1.
Further, in Chemical Formula 1-1, at least one of R′ may be C3-6 branched alkyl, and the remaining R′ may be hydrogen. Specifically, R′ may be hydrogen or tert-butyl.
Further, in Chemical Formula 1-1, when a and b are 0, it represents the case where hydrogen is substituted.
Meanwhile, in Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 1-1, X1 and X2 are each halogen, and specifically, it may be chlorine, iodine, or bromine, preferably chlorine.
Further, in Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 1-1, Q1 and Q2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently a C1-6 straight-chain or branched alkyl, a C1-4 straight-chain or branched alkyl, or a C1-3 straight-chain or branched alkyl. In particular, Q1 and Q2 may be each independently a C1-6 straight-chain alkyl, a C1-4 straight-chain alkyl, or a C1-3 straight-chain alkyl. In one example, Q1 and Q2 may be each independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl, and preferably it may be methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl.
In particular, in the transition metal compound of the present disclosure, the substituents Q1 and Q2 contained in the bridge group consist of an alkyl group, not a substituent containing a hetero atom such as oxygen, and thus, it is possible to secure excellent process stability in which a fouling phenomenon is not observed in the ethylene polymerization reaction.
In addition, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 may be, more preferably, any one of the compounds represented by the following structural formulas.
The structural formula is merely an example for explaining the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
And, a series of reactions for preparing the ligand compound and the transition metal compound are shown in Reaction Scheme 1 below. However, the Reaction Scheme is merely an example for explaining the present disclosure, and the present disclosure is not necessarily limited thereto.
Referring to Reaction Scheme 1 below, the transition metal compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be prepared by a method comprising:
In Reaction Scheme 1, each substituent is as defined above, and X is a halogen element, and for example, it may be chlorine, iodine, bromine, preferably chlorine. And, the reaction in each step can be carried out by applying a known reaction, and for a more detailed synthesis method, refer to Examples described later.
Specifically, the method for preparing the transition metal compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
Meanwhile, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, a catalyst composition comprising the above-mentioned transition metal compound is provided.
Specifically, the catalyst composition according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 as a single catalyst.
At this time, the catalyst composition may include the transition metal compound as a single catalyst component, and for example, it may be in the form of a supported metallocene catalyst containing the transition metal compound and a support. When using a supported metallocene catalyst, the produced polyethylene is excellent in the morphology and physical properties, and thus, can be suitably used for a conventional slurry polymerization, bulk polymerization, or gas phase polymerization process.
Specifically, as the support, a support having a hydroxyl group, a silanol group, or a siloxane group having a high surface reactivity may be used, and for this purpose, a support whose surface has been modified by calcination or a support whose surface has been dehydrated by drying can be used. For example, silica prepared by calcining silica gel, silica, silica-alumina or silica-magnesia, which are dried at high temperature, can be used, and they may typically contain oxide, carbonate, sulfate, and nitrate components such as Na2O, K2CO3, BaSO4, and Mg(NO3)2.
The calcination or drying temperature of the support may be from about 200° C. to about 600° C., or from about 250° C. to about 600° C. When the calcination or drying temperature of the support is low, the amount of water moisture remaining on the support is so great that the water is likely to react with a co-catalyst. In addition, the cocatalyst supporting rate may be relatively high due to the hydroxyl groups present in excess, which requires a large amount of cocatalyst. In addition, when the drying or calcining temperature is too high, pores on the surface of the support may be joined to reduce the surface area, and many hydroxyl groups or silanol groups are lost on the surface to leave only siloxane groups, so that reaction sites with the cocatalyst are likely to decrease.
The amount of the hydroxyl group on the surface of the support is preferably 0.1 mmol/g to 10 mmol/g, more preferably 0.5 mmol/g to 5 mmol/g. The amount of the hydroxyl group on the surface of the support can be adjusted depending on the preparation method and conditions of the support, or drying conditions such as temperature, time, vacuum or spray drying, and the like.
When the amount of the hydroxy group is less than 0.1 mmol/g, the number of reaction sites where the hydroxy group reacts with the cocatalyst decreases. On the other hand, when the amount of the hydroxy group is greater than 10 mmol/g, it may be caused by moisture in addition to the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of support particles.
In one example, the amount of the hydroxyl group on the surface of the support may be 0.1 mmol/g to 10 mmol/g or 0.5 mmol/g to 5 mmol/g. The amount of the hydroxyl group on the surface of the support can be adjusted depending on the preparation method and conditions of the support or drying conditions such as temperature, time, vacuum or spray drying, and the like. When the amount of the hydroxy group is too low, the number of reaction sites where the hydroxy group reacts with the cocatalyst decreases. On the other hand, when the amount of the hydroxy group is too large, it may be caused by moisture in addition to the hydroxyl groups present on the surface of support particles.
Among the above-mentioned supports, in the case of silica, especially silica prepared by calcining silica gel, since the silica support and the functional group of the compound of Chemical Formula 1 are chemically bonded and supported, there is almost no catalyst isolated from the surface of the support during the propylene polymerization process, and as a result, it is possible to minimize fouling of the reactor wall or polymer particles agglomerated when preparing polyethylene by slurry or vapor phase polymerization.
Further, when supported on a support, the compound of Chemical Formula 1 may be supported in a content range of about 10 μmol or more, or about 30 μmol or more, and about 100 μmol or less, or about 80 μmol or less, based on the weight of the support, based on about 1 g of silica. When supported within the above content range, it may exhibit an appropriate supported catalytic activity, which may be advantageous in terms of the maintenance of the catalytic activity and the economic efficiency.
And, the catalyst composition may further include one or more co-catalysts together with the above-described transition metal compound and the support.
The co-catalyst can be used without limitation as long as it is a co-catalyst used for polymerizing an olefin under a general metallocene catalyst. Such a cocatalyst allows a bond to be formed between the hydroxyl group on the support and the Group 13 transition metal. Further, since the cocatalyst exists only on the surface of the support, it prevent a fouling phenomenon, i.e., the accumulation of the polymer on walls of the reactor or aggregation between the polymer particles, and thus, can contribute to securing the unique properties of the specific hybrid catalyst composition of the present disclosure.
In addition, the catalyst composition may further include one or more cocatalysts selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4.
—[Al(R21)—O]m— [Chemical Formula 2]
J(R31)3 [Chemical Formula 3]
[E-H]+[ZQ4]− or [E]+[ZQ4]− [Chemical Formula 4]
As used herein, the hydrocarbyl group is a monovalent functional group in which a hydrogen atom is removed from a hydrocarbon, and may include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an aralkenyl group, an aralkynyl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkenylaryl group, alkynylaryl group, and the like. And, the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may be a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or 1 to 10 carbon atoms. In one example, the hydrocarbyl group may be a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group. More specifically, the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms may be a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group or cyclohexyl group; or an aryl group such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, or fluorenyl. Further, it may be an alkylaryl such as methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, methylbiphenyl, methylnaphthyl, and may also be an arylalkyl such as phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, biphenylmethyl, or naphthylmethyl. In addition, it may be an alkenyl such as allyl, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, or pentenyl.
The compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 may be, for example, an alkylaluminoxane such as modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), methylaluminoxane (MAO), ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, or butylaluminoxane.
The alkyl metal compound represented by Chemical Formula 3 may be, for example, trimethylaluninum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluninum, tripropylaluminum, tributylaluminum, dimethylchloroalminum, dimethylisobutylaluminum, dimethylethylaluminum, diethylchloroaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-s-butylaluminum, tricyclopentylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, triisopentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, ethyldimethylaluminum, methyldiethylaluminum, triphenylaluminum, tri-p-tollylaluminum, dimethylaluminummethoxide, dimethylaluminumethoxide, trimethylboron, triethylboron, triisobutylboron, tripropylboron, tributylboron, or the like.
The compound represented by Chemical Formula 4 may be, for example, triethylammoniumtetraphenylboron, tributylammoniumtetraphenylboron, trimethylammoniumtetraphenylboron, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylboron, trimethylammoniumtetra(p-tolyl)boron, tripropylammoniumtetra(p-tolyl)boron, triethylammoniumtetra(o,p-dimethylphenyl)boron, trimethylammononiumtetra(o,p-dimethylphenyl)boron, tributylammoniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)boron, trimethylammoniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)boron, tributylammoniumtetrapentafluorophenylboron, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetraphenylboron, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetraphenylboron, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrapentafluorophenylboron, diethylmmoniumtetrapentafluorophenylboron, triphenylphosphoniumtetraphenylboron, trimethylphosphoniuntetraphenylboron, triethylammoniumtetraphenylaluminum, tributylammoniumtetraphenylaluminum, trimethylammniumtetraphenylaluminum, tripropylammoniumtetraphenylaluminum, trimethylammoniumtetra(p-tolyl)aluminum, tripropylammoniumtetra(p-tolyl)aluminum, triethylammoniumtetra(o,p-dimethylphenyl)aluminum, tribulylammoniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminum, trimethylammoniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)aluminum, tributylammoniumtetrapentafluorophenylaluminum, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetraphenylaluminum, N,N-diethylaniliniumtetrapentafluorophenylaluminum, diethylammoniumtetrapentafluorophenylaluminum, triphenylphosphoniumtetraphenylaluminum, trimethylphosphoniumtetraphenylaluminum, triphenylphosphoniumtetraphenylboron, triphenylcarboniumtetraphenylboron, triphenylcarboniumtetraphenylaluminum, triphenylcarboniumtetra(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)boron, or triphenylcarboniumtetrapentafluorophenylboron.
Further, the catalyst composition may include the cocatalyst and the metallocene compound of Chemical Formula 1 in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:10000, respectively, preferably, in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:1000, and more preferably, in a molar ratio of about 1:10 to about 1:100. At this time, if the molar ratio is less than about 1, the metal content of the cocatalyst is too small and a catalyst active species is not well formed, so that the activity may be lowered. When the molar ratio exceeds about 10000, there is a fear that the metal of the cocatalyst can rather act as a catalyst poison.
The supported amount of the cocatalyst may be from about 3 mmol to about 25 mmol, or from about 5 mmol to about 20 mmol, based on 1 g of the support.
On the other hand, the catalyst composition can be prepared by the preparation method comprising a step of supporting a cocatalyst on a support; supporting a metallocene compound on the support on which the cocatalyst is supported; and a support on which the cocatalyst and the metallocene compound are supported.
In the above method, the supporting conditions are not particularly limited, and the supporting step may be carried out within a range that is well-known to those skilled in the art. For example, the supporting step may be appropriately carried out at a high temperature and at a low temperature. For example, the supporting temperature may be in a range of −30° C. to 150° C., preferably in a range of about 50° C. to about 98° C. or about 55° C. to about 95° C. The supporting time may be appropriately adjusted depending on the amount of the first metallocene compounds to be supported. The reacted supported catalyst may be used without further treatment, after the reaction solvent is removed through filtration or distillation under reduced pressure, or subjected to Soxhlet filtering using an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, if necessary.
Further, the preparation of the supported catalyst may be carried out in the presence of a solvent or without a solvent. When the solvent is used, it may include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane or pentane, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene or benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloromethane, ether solvents such as diethylether or THF, and common organic solvents such as acetone or ethyl acetate. Preferred are hexane, heptane, toluene and dichloromethane.
Further, the catalyst composition may further include at least one antistatic agent represented by the following Chemical Formula 5:
R51N—(CH2CH2OH)2 [Chemical Formula 5]
Specifically, in Chemical Formula 5, R51 is C8-30 alkyl, and when R51 contains an alkyl group having a carbon number in the above range, it does not induce an unpleasant odor and can exhibit an effect of reducing fine powders through an excellent antistatic action.
More specifically, the hydroxyethyl-substituted alkylamine may be a compound in which in Chemical Formula 5, R51 is a C8-22 straight-chain alkyl, or a C12-18 straight-chain alkyl, or a C13-15 straight-chain alkyl, and one kind alone or a mixture of two or more kinds of these compounds may be used. In addition, commercially available products such as N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pentadecylamine (Atmer 163™, manufactured by CRODA) can be used.
Further, when an antistatic agent is further included, it may be included in an amount of 1 g to 10 g, more specifically 1 g to 5 g, based on 100 g of the support.
When the catalyst composition includes all of the above-mentioned support, co-catalyst and antistatic agent, the catalyst composition can be prepared by a method comprising: a step of supporting a cocatalyst on a support; a step of supporting a transition metal compound on the support on which the cocatalyst is supported; and a step of adding an antistatic agent in a solution or suspension state to the support on which the cocatalyst and the transition metal compound are supported. As described above, the catalyst composition having a structure in which a cocatalyst, a transition metal compound, and an antistatic agent are supported in this order on a support may exhibit excellent process stability together with high catalytic activity in the polypropylene preparation process.
On the other hand, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing polyethylene, comprising a step of copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin in the presence of the catalyst composition.
The above-mentioned catalyst composition can exhibit excellent supporting performance, catalytic activity and high copolymerizability, and even if a low-density polyethylene is produced in a slurry process in the presence of such a catalyst composition, it is possible to prevent traditional productivity loss and fouling problems, and improve process stability.
The method for preparing polyethylene can be carried out by a slurry polymerization process using ethylene and alpha-olefin as raw materials in the presence of the above-mentioned catalyst composition and applying a conventional apparatus and contacting technique.
The method for preparing polyethylene may be carried out by copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin using a continuous slurry polymerization reactor, a loop slurry reactor, or the like, but the method is not limited thereto.
Specifically, the copolymerization step can be carried out by reacting an alpha-olefin in an amount of about 0.45 mol or less or from about 0.1 mol to about 0.45 mol, or about 0.4 mol or less or from about 0.2 mol to about 0.4 mol, or about 0.35 mol or less or from about 0.25 mol to about 0.35 mol, based on 1 mol of ethylene.
The method for preparing polyethylene does not require an increase in the comonomer content for reducing the density of a prepared product, and therefore has the feature that the process is stable and the high dart falling impact strength of the product can be reproduced.
Further, the alpha-olefin may be at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, and mixtures thereof.
Specifically, in the production method of the polyethylene, for example, 1-hexene can be used as the alpha-olefin.
And, the polymerization temperature may be from about 25° C. to about 500° C., or from about 25° C. to about 300° C., or from about 30° C. to about 200° C., or from about 50° C. to about 150° C., or from about 60° C. to about 120° C. Further, the polymerization pressure may be from about 1 kgf/cm2 to about 100 kgf/cm2, or from about 1 kgf/cm2 to about 50 kgf/cm2, or from about 5 kgf/cm2 to about 45 kgf/cm2, or from about 10 kgf/cm2 to about 40 kgf/cm2, or from about 15 kgf/cm2 to about 35 kgf/cm2.
The catalyst composition including the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 according to the present disclosure can be dissolved or diluted in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, pentane, hexane, heptane, nonane, decane, and an isomer thereof, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene and benzene, or a hydrocarbon solvent substituted with a chlorine atom, such as dichloromethane or chlorobenzene, and injected. The solvent used here is preferably used after removing a small amount of water or air, which acts as a catalyst poison, by treating with a small amount of alkyl aluminum. It is also possible to further use a cocatalyst.
In one example, the polymerization step may be carried out by introducing hydrogen gas in an amount of about 800 ppm or less or from about 0 to about 800 ppm, or about 300 ppm or less or from about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, or about 100 ppm or less or from about 15 ppm to about 100 ppm, based on the ethylene content.
In this ethylene copolymerization process, the catalyst composition including the transition metal compound of the present disclosure can exhibit high catalytic activity. In one example, when ethylene copolymerization catalyst activity may be about 4.0 kg PE/g·cat·hr or more or from about 4.0 kg PE/g·cat·hr to about 50 kg PE/g·cat·hr, when calculated as a ratio of the weight (kg PE) of polyethylene produced per mass (g) of the catalyst composition used based on the unit time (h). Specifically, the activity of the catalyst composition may be about 4.2 kg PE/g·cat·hr or more, or about 4.3 kg PE/g·cat·hr or more, or about 4.5 kg PE/g·cat·hr or more, or about 40 kg PE/g·cat·hr or less, or about 30 kg PE/g·cat·hr or less, or about 15 kg PE/g·cat·hr or less.
In particular, when copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin using the catalyst composition containing the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 according to the present disclosure, it exhibits higher comonomer binding properties than before, and even if the comonomer of the alpha-olefin is used in the same amount, a copolymer having a high comonomer content can be produced with higher activity. This makes it possible to produce a product having a higher comonomer content than a product having an equivalent melting point (Tm) or density, that is, a product having a high short chain branch (SCB) content. At this time, the term “short chain branch (SCB)” means branches having 2 to 7 carbons attached to the main chain. Usually, it means side chain branches formed when an alpha-olefin having 4 or more carbon atoms, such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, is used as a comonomer.
As described above, according to the present disclosure, polyethylene can be prepared by copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin using the catalyst composition containing the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 described above.
At this time, the polyethylene produced may be an ethylene 1-hexene copolymer.
The method for preparing polyethylene can be carried out by slurry polymerization in the presence of the above-mentioned catalyst composition, thereby providing polyethylene having excellent mechanical properties.
In particular, the catalyst composition containing the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 according to the present disclosure exhibits high activity as described above when copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin, and can increase the intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content together with a high molecular weight without excessively increasing the content of the comonomer alpha-olefin.
Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a polyethylene produced by the above-mentioned method and containing an alpha-olefin as a comonomer.
The polyethylene, that is, the polyethylene copolymer containing an alpha-olefin as a comonomer, has a weight average molecular weight of from about 380000 g/mol to about 650000 g/mol, or from about 390000 g/mol to about 630000 g/mol, or from about 400000 g/mol to about 580000 g/mol.
In one example, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyethylene can be measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC, manufactured by Water).
Specifically, a Waters PL-GPC220 instrument may be used as the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) instrument, and a Polymer Laboratories PLgel MIX-B 300 mm length column may be used. In this case, an evaluation temperature is 160° C., and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene is used for a solvent at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Each polyethylene sample is pretreated by dissolving it in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 0.0125% of BHT at 160° C. for 10 hours using a GPC analyzer (PL-GP220), and the sample is prepared at a concentration of 10 mg/10 mL and then supplied in an amount of 200 μL. The values of Mw and Mn may be obtained using a calibration curve formed using a polystyrene standard. 9 kinds of the polystyrene standard are used with the molecular weight of 2000 g/mol, 10000 g/mol, 30000 g/mol, 70000 g/mol, 200000 g/mol, 700000 g/mol, 2000000 g/mol, 4000000 g/mol, 10000000 g/mol.
Further, the polyethylene copolymer may have a melting point (Tm) of about 115° C. or more or about 128° C. or less, or about 117° C. or more or about 126° C. or less.
In one example, the melting point (Tm) of the polyethylene copolymer may be measured using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC).
Specifically, the polyethylene copolymer was heated to 150° C., left for 5 minutes, and the temperature was lowered to −100° C., and then increased again. At this time, the speed of a temperature rise and drop is adjusted to 10° C./min, respectively, and then the melting temperature is taken as the maximum point of the endothermic peak measured in the section where the second temperature rises.
Further, the polyethylene copolymer may have a number of short chain branches (SCB), which are branches having 2 to 7 carbon atoms per 1000 carbon atoms measured by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), of 4.0 or more or 10.0 or less, or 4.3 or more, or 4.5 or more, or 8.5 or less, or 7.0 or less.
In one example, the intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content of the polyethylene copolymer can be obtained by a method of measuring the number of short chain branches (SCB) (content of branches having 2 to 7 carbon atoms per 1000 carbons) by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Specifically, the polyethylene copolymer is pretreated by dissolving it in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 0.0125% BHT at 160° C. for 10 hours using PL-SP260VS, and then measured using PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR connected with high temperature GPC (PL-GPC220) at 160° C.
In addition, the polyethylene copolymer exhibits an excellent morphology in which the finally produced powder is scattered like sand grains and the grains maintains their original shape when observed by the appearance and touch, and can be effectively applied to the gas phase polymerization reaction for the production of linear low-density polyethylene.
As described above, the polyethylene obtained according to the present disclosure can be prepared by copolymerizing ethylene and alpha-olefin using the catalyst composition containing the transition metal compound of Chemical Formula 1 described above. As a result, the polyethylene realizes high catalytic activity during ethylene copolymerization, and secures physical properties such as molecular weight, melting point, and density at the same level or higher without increasing the content of alpha-olefin, and at the same time, significantly increases intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content and changes the molecular structure and distribution, so that an injection product with excellent mechanical properties and excellent durability can be manufactured.
The transition metal compound of the present disclosure exhibits excellent process stability and high polymerization activity in the ethylene polymerization reaction, greatly increases the intramolecular short chain branch (SCB) content and changes the molecular structure and distribution, and is very effective in preparing polyethylene having excellent mechanical properties and enhanced durability.
Hereinafter, the actions and effects of the present disclosure will be described in more detail by way of specific examples invention. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereby.
Step 1-1. Preparation of Ligand Compound (2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) dimethyl (2-methyl indene) Silane
15.24 mmol of 2-methyl indene was added to a reactor, and then dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. 70 mL of n-hexane and 10 mL of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and allowed to completely dissolve. The reactor was cooled to −25° C., and then 6.4 mL (16 mmol) of n-butyllithium (n-BuLi, 2.5 M n-hexane solution) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours, and dichlorodimethyl silane (15.24 mmol) was then added thereto.
15.24 mmol of 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was added to another reactor and then dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. 35 mL of MTBE was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and allowed to completely dissolve. The reactor was cooled to −25° C., and then 6.4 mL (16 mmol) of n-BuLi (2.5 M n-hexane solution) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours, and then CuCN was added and allowed to react for 30 minutes.
The two reactant products prepared in this way were mixed, and then allowed to react at 25° C. for 12 hours. After adding water and stirring for 1 hour, the reactor was left and then the aqueous layer was separated. Then, water and toluene were again added to the reactor, and stirred and left for 5 minutes, and then the aqueous layer was separated and removed. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO4, filtered again, and added to the reactor, and then dried.
The ligand prepared in step 1-1 was dissolved in a mixed solvent (Toluene/Ether, volume ratio 10/1) of 21 mL of toluene and 2.1 mL of diethylether (Et2O), and cooled to −25° C., and then 12.8 mL (32 mmol) of n-BuLi (2.5 M n-hexane solution) was slowly added dropwise and stirred. Then, the mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 12 hours, cooled to −20° C., and then ZrCl4 (15.24 mmol) was mixed with toluene (0.17 M), and the resulting slurry was added thereto. Then, after stirring at 25° C. for 12 hours, the solvent was completely dried and removed. The reaction mixture was filtered and dried using dichloromethane (DCM), then dichloromethane/hexane was added, and recrystallized at room temperature. Then, the resulting solid was filtered and dried in vacuo to obtain the title metallocene compound as a yellow powder (only racemic) in 20% (molar basis).
For the transition metal compound thus obtained, NMR data were measured using Bruker AVANCE III HD 500 MHz NMR/PABBO(1H/19F/Broad band) probe: 1H, solvent: CDCl3.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.21 (s, 6H), 1.79 (S, 6H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.51 (m, 10H).
The ligand compound (2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) dimethyl (2-methyl-4-phenyl-indene)silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, 2-methyl-4-phenyl indene was used instead of 2-methyl indene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-inden-1-yl)zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 2) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 2-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.22 (s, 6H), 1.81 (S, 6H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 6.35 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.49 (m, 13H), 8.29 (d, 1H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-inden-1-yl)dimethyl(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, 4-(4′-(tertbutyl)phenyl)-2methyl indene was used instead of 2-methyl indene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl)(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 3) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 3-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.25 (s, 6H), 1.33 (s, 9H), 1.75 (S, 6H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.39 (m, 12H), 8.21 (d, 1H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)dimethyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, except that in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, 2-methyl-4-(4′-(tert-butyl)-phenyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was used instead of 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 4) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 4-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.22 (s, 6H), 1.29 (s,18H), 1.75 (S, 6H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.39 (m,11H), 8.21 (d, 1H).
The ligand compound 2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)dimethyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene was prepared in the same manner as in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, except that in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, 2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was used instead of 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl (2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 5) was prepared in the same manner as in step 3-2 of Synthesis Example 3, except that the ligand obtained in step 5-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.22 (s, 6H), 1.23 (s,9H), 1.79 (S, 6H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 2.85 (t,4H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.49 (m, 8H), 8.29 (d, 1H).
The ligand compound (2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) dimethyl (2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, 2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was used instead of 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl (2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 6) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 6-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.24 (s, 6H), 1.76 (S, 6H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 2.89 (t,4H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 7.24-7.35 (m,6H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)diethyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, except that in step 4-1 of Synthesis Example 4, dichloro diethyl silane was used instead of dichloro dimethyl silane as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, Diethyl silanediyl (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 7) was prepared in the same manner as in step 4-2 of Synthesis Example 4, except that the ligand obtained in step 7-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.66 (m, 4H), 0.94 (t, 9H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 1.79 (s, 6H), 1.95(m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 2H), 7.3-7.40 (m, 11H), 8.29 (d, 1H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)diethyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 7-1 of Synthesis Example 7, except that in step 7-1 of Synthesis Example 7, (4-(3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was used instead of 2-methyl-4-(4′-(tert-butyl)-phenyl) -1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene as a reactant, and 4-(3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-indene was used instead of 4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, diethyl silanediyl (4-(3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 8) was prepared in the same manner as in step 7-2 of Synthesis Example 7, except that the ligand obtained in step 8-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.68 (m, 4H), 0.90 (t, 9H), 1.37 (s, 36H), 1.82 (s, 6H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 2H), 7.35 (m, 4H), 7.73 (s,4H), 8.29 (d,1H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)methylpropyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 4-1 of Synthesis Example 4, except that in step 4-1 of Synthesis Example 4, dichloromethylpropylsilane was used instead of dichlorodimethylsilane as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, methylpropyl silanediyl (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Synthesis Example 9) was prepared in the same manner as in step 4-2 of Synthesis Example 4, except that the ligand obtained in step 9-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.21 (s, 3H), 0.60 (t, 2H), 0.94 (t, 3H), 1.29 (m, 20H), 1.79 (S, 6H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 2.84 (m, 4H), 6.34 (s,1H), 6.36 (s,1H), 7.28-7.39 (m,11H), 7.91 (d, 1H).
0.83 g (5 mmol) of fluorene was added to a dried 250 mL schlenk flask, and 30 mL of diethyl ether was injected under reduced pressure. The ether solution was cooled to −78° C., the inside of the flask was replaced with argon, and 2.4 mL (6 mmol) of 2.5 M nBuLi hexane solution was slowly added dropwise. The reaction mixture was slowly raised to room temperature and stirred until the next day. Another 250 mL schlenk flask was filled with 30 mL of ether, and then 2.4 mL (20 mmol) of dichlorodimethylsilane was injected. The flask was cooled to −78° C., and then a lithiated solution of 2-hexyl-fluorene was injected thereto through a cannula. After the injection was completed, the mixture was slowly raised to room temperature, stirred for about 5 hours, and then ether used as a solvent and the remaining excess dichlorodimethylsilane were removed under vacuum under reduced pressure. A dark red brown solid chloro(9H-fluoren-9-yl)dimethylsilane was obtained in the flask.
0.83 g (5 mmol) of fluorene was injected into a dried 100 mL schlenk flask and dissolved in 30 mL of ether. Then, 2.4 mL (6 mmol) of 2.5 M nBuLi hexane solution was slowly added dropwise at −78° C., and the solution was stirred for one day. The previously synthesized chloro(9H-fluoren-9-yl)dimethylsilane was dissolved in 40 mL of ether, and then a lithiated solution of fluorene was added dropwise at −78° C. The mixture was reacted overnight, and then 50 mL of water was added to the flask and quenched. The organic layer was separated and dried over MgSO4. The mixture obtained through filtration was carried out by completely removing a solvent under vacuum and reduced pressure conditions, and then recrystallized from hexane to obtain a ligand compound.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): −0.52 (6H, s), 4.26 (2H, s), 7.29 (4H, m), 7.36 (4H, m), 7.53 (4H, m), 7.89 (4H, m)
1.94 g (5 mmol) of the ligand compound synthesized in step 10-1 was added to a dry 250 mL schlenk flask, dissolved in ether, and then 4.4 mL (11 mmol) of 2.5 M nBuLi hexane solution was added and subjected to lithiation. After one day, 1.88 g (5 mmol) of ZrCl4(THF)2 was taken in a glove box and placed in a 250 mL schlenk flask to prepare a suspension containing ether.
After both flasks were cooled to −78° C., the lithiated ligand compound was slowly added to Zr suspension. After the injection was completed, the reaction mixture was slowly raised to room temperature. After the reaction was allowed to proceed for one day, the mixture was filtered in a filter system that was not in contact with an external air to obtain a metallocene compound.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 1.46 (6H, s), 6.99 (4H, m), 7.29 (4H, m), 7.68 (4H, m), 7.9 (4H, m).
1.0 mol of tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6MgCl solution as a Grignard reagent was obtained from the reaction between the compound tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6Cl and Mg(0) in a THF solvent. The prepared Grignard compound was added to a flask containing methyl-SiCl3 compound (176.1 mL, 1.5 mol) and THF (2.0 mL) at −30° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for at least 8 hours. The filtered solution was vacuum dried to obtain a compound of tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6SiMeCl2 (yield 92%).
Fluorene (3.33 g, 20 mmol), hexane (100 mL) and MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether, 1.2 mL, 10 mmol) were added to a reactor at −20° C., and 8 ml of n-BuLi (2.5 M in Hexane) was slowly added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours to obtain a fluorenyl lithium solution. After completion of the stirring, the reactor temperature was cooled to −30° C., and the prepared fluorenyl lithium solution was added to a solution of tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6SiMeCl2 (2.7 g, 10 mmol) in hexane (100 mL) at −30° C. over 1 hour. After stirring at room temperature for 8 hours or more, water was added for extraction, and the mixture was evaporated and dried to obtain a compound of (tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6)MeSi(9-C13H10)2 (5.3 g, yield: 100%).
1H-NMR(500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): −0.35 (MeSi, 3H, s), 0.26 (Si—CH2, 2H, m), 0.58 (CH2, 2H, m), 0.95 (CH2, 4H, m), 1.17 (tert-BuO, 9H, s), 1.29 (CH2, 2H, m), 3.21 (tert-BuO—CH2, 2H, t), 4.10 (Flu-9H, 2H, s), 7.25 (Flu-H, 4H, m), 7.35 (Flu-H, 4H, m), 7.40 (Flu-H, 4H, m), 7.85 (Flu-H, 4H, d).
4.8 mL of n-BuLi(2.5 M in Hexane) was slowly added to (tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6)MeSi(9-C13H10)2 (3.18 g, 6 mmol)/MTBE(20 mL) solution prepared in step 11-1 at −20° C., and the mixture was reacted for at least 8 hours while raising to room temperature to prepare a slurry solution of dilithium salts. The prepared dilithium salt slurry solution was slowly added to a slurry solution of ZrCl4(THF)2 (2.26 g, 6 mmol)/hexane (20 mL) at −20° C., and then further reacted at room temperature for 8 hours. The precipitate was filtered and washed several times with hexane to obtain (tert-Bu—O—(CH2)6)MeSi(9-C13H9)2ZrCl2 compound as a red solid (4.3 g, yield: 94.5%).
1H-NMR(500 MHz, C6D6, ppm): 1.15 (tert-BuO, 9H, s), 1.26 (MeSi, 3H, s), 1.58 (Si-CH2, 2H, m), 1.66 (CH2, 4H, m), 1.91 (CH2, 4H, m), 3.32 (tert-BuO—CH2, 2H, t), 6.86 (Flu-H, 2H, t), 6.90 (Flu-H, 2H, t), 7.15 (Flu-H, 4H, m), 7.60 (Flu-H, 4H, dd), 7.64 (Flu-H, 2H, d), 7.77 (Flu-H, 2H, d).
8-Bromo-6-methyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-s-indacene (35 mmol, 9.8 g), (4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)boronic acid (70 mmol, 12.5 g), sodium carbonate (87.50 mmol, 9.3 g), and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium(1.80 mmol, 2 g) were added to 250 mL RBF, to which toluene (35 mL), ethanol (18 mL), and water (1 mL) were added. Then, the mixture was stirred in an oil bath preheated to 90° C. for 16 hours. The extent to which the reaction proceeded was confirmed by NMR, and if the reaction was less proceeded, the reaction was further carried out for 16 hours, or the reactants excluding indacene and the solvent were additionally formulated according to the amount of the remaining indacene, and then reacted for 16 hours. When the reaction is completed, all ethanol was removed from the rotary evaporator, and worked up with water and hexane. The organic layer was collected and dried over MgSO4, and all solvents were removed. The crude mixture from which the solvent was removed was subjected to silica gel short column to remove black impurities. Again, all solvents were removed and methanol was added to form a solid. The resulting solid was filtered and washed with methanol to obtain a ligand of the following structure, 8-(4-(tent-butyl)phenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-s-indacene (8.5 g, 80% , white solid).
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 7.44˜7.31 (m, 4H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 3.19 (s, 2H), 2.97 (t, 2H), 2.09˜2.02 (m, 5H), 1.38 (s, 9H).
4-(4-(tent-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-indene (19 mmol, 5 g) was added to a 100 mL Schlenk flask to make an argon atmosphere. When the argon atmosphere was made, anhydrous hexane (66 mL) and anhydrous MTBE (13 mL) were added, and the mixture was cooled to −25° C. n-BuLi (2.5 M in Hexane, 21 mmol, 8.4 mL) was slowly injected, and after the injection was completed, the temperature was raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After completion of the stirring, the mixture was cooled to −25° C. again, and tether silane (15.20 mmol, 4.1 g) was injected into the flask with one shot, and slowly filtered at room temperature to remove LiCl, and then the solvent was dried to prepare (6-(tert-butoxy) hexyl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl)chloro(methyl)silane
Then, 8-(4-(tent-butyl)phenyl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-s-indacene (19 mmol, 5.75 g) obtained in step 12-1 and CuCN (0.95 mmol, 0.09 g) were added to another 100 mL Schlenk flask to made an argon atmosphere. When the argon atmosphere was made, anhydrous MTBE (48 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was cooled to −25° C. n-BuLi (2.5 M in Hexane, 21 mmol, 8.4 mL) was slowly injected, and when the injection was completed, the temperature was raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After completion of the stirring, the mixture was cooled to −25° C. again, and the previously synthesized (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl)chloro(methyl)silane was injected into the flask with one shot. Then, the temperature was slowly raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. The resultant was purified by silica gel column to obtain a ligand compound of the following structure, (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl)(methyl)silane (10.87 mmol, 8.30 g, 57%, light yellow solid).
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 7.78˜7.41 (m, 6H), 7.34˜7.31 (m, 3H), 7.28˜7.12 (m, 2H), 6.84˜6.80 (m, 1H), 6.56˜6.54 (m, 1H), 3.77˜3.60 (m, 2H), 3.27˜3.23 (t, 2H), 2.97˜2.81 (m, 4H), 2.20˜2.09 (m, 6H), 2.04˜2.02 (m, 2H), 1.39˜1.38 (m, 18H), 1.15 (s, 9H), 1.52˜0.43 (m, 10H), 0.02˜0.15 (m, 3H).
(6-(Tert-butoxy)hexyl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) (4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl)(methypsilane ligand (2.62 mmol, 2 g) obtained in step 12-2 was added to a 50 mL Schlenk flask to make an argon atmosphere. When the argon atmosphere was made, anhydrous diethyl ether (52.4 mL) was added and cooled to −25° C. n-BuLi (2.5 M in Hexane, 5.76 mmol, 2.3 mL) was slowly injected, and when the injection was completed, the temperature was raised to room temperature and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. After completion of the stirring, the Schlenk flask under argon containing this solution and ZrCl4—2(THF) (2.62 mmol, 1.0 g) was cooled to −78° C., and the ligand solution was transferred to a flask containing zirconium at low temperature. After slowly raising the temperature to room temperature, the mixture was stirred for 16 hours. After completion of the stirring, the resulting solid was filtered off under argon atmosphere, and the solvent was dried to obtain a crude mixture. This was dissolved in a minimum amount of anhydrous toluene and stored at −25° C. to −30° C. to form a solid. The resulting solid was liberated by adding an excess of hexane when it was in a low temperature state, and then filtered and collected. Then, the obtained solid was dried and purified to obtain a catalyst compound, that is, a transition metal compound (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)(methypsilanediyl(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium dichloride (0.49 mmol, 0.45 g, 19%, yellow solid).
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 7.48˜7.46 (m, 3H), 7.42˜7.40 (m, 5H), 7.25˜7.23 (m, 2H), 7.18˜7.16 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 3.38˜3.35 (t, 2H), 3.01˜2.79 (m, 4H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.03˜1.94 (m, 2H), 1.88˜1.35 (m, 10H), 1.15 (s, 9H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 1.19 (s, 9H), 1.16˜1.12 (m, 3H).
The ligand compound (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)dimethyl(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)-6-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl indene) silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 3-1 of Synthesis Example 3, except that in step 4-1 of Synthesis Example 4, 4-(4′-(tert-butyl)-6-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl indene was used instead of 4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl indene as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl silanediyl (4-(4′-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(4-(4′-(tert-butyl)-6-tert-butyl-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Comparative Synthesis Example 4) was prepared in the same manner as in step 4-2 of Synthesis Example 4, except that the ligand obtained in step 13-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.23 (s, 6H), 1.29 (s,18H), 1.41 (s, 9H), 1.76 (S, 6H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 7.28-7.36 (m,9H), 7.58 (s, 1H).
The ligand compound (4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) dimethyl indene silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, indene was used instead of 2-methyl indene as a reactant, and 4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene was used instead of 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacene.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, Dimethyl Silanediyl(4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(1H-inden-1-yl) zirconium chloride (Comparative Synthesis Example 5) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 14-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.22 (s, 6H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 4H), 6.36 (d, 2H), 6.58 (d, 2H), 7.18-7.50 (m, 10H).
The transition metal compound having the above structure, 1,1′-dimethylsilylene-bis[2-methyl-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5,6,7-trihydro-s-indacen-1-yl]} zirconium dichloride (Comparative Synthesis Example 6) was prepared as disclosed in PCT Patent Application Publication WO 2006-097497 A1.
The ligand compound (2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl) dimethyl cyclopentadienyl silane was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, except that in step 1-1 of Synthesis Example 1, sodium cyclopentadienyl (sodium Cp, Na cyclopentadiene) in THF (1.0 M) was used instead of 2-methyl indene Li Salt solution as a reactant.
The transition metal compound having the above structure, dimethyl Silanediyl(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-s-indacen-1-yl)(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium chloride (Comparative Synthesis Example 7) was prepared in the same manner as in step 1-2 of Synthesis Example 1, except that the ligand obtained in step 15-1 was used.
1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, ppm): 0.22 (s, 6H), 1.80 (S, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 6.35 (d, 2H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, 2H), 7.41-7.46 (m, 6H).
50 mL of toluene was added to a pico reactor, to which 7 g of silica gel (SYLOPOL 952X, calcinated under 250° C.) was added under Ar, and 10 mmol of methylaluminoxane (MAO) was slowly injected at room temperature, and the mixture was reacted with stirring at 95° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and left for 15 minutes, and the solvent was decanted using a cannula. Toluene (400 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 1 minute and left for 15 minutes, and the solvent was decanted using a cannula.
60 μmol of the metallocene compound of Synthesis Example 1 was dissolved in 30 mL of toluene, and then transferred to a reactor using a cannula. The mixture was reacted with stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the reaction was completed and the precipitation was completed, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and left for 15 minutes. The upper layer solution was removed and the remaining reaction product was washed with toluene. After washing again with hexane, 2 wt % of an antistatic agent, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)pentadecylamine (Atmer 163), based on silica weight (g), was dissolved in 3 mL of hexane based on silica weight (g), and added thereto, and then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. After the reaction was completed and the precipitation was completed, the upper layer was removed and transferred to a glass filter to remove the solvent.
The resultant was subjected to a primary drying at room temperature for 5 hours under vacuum, and to a secondary drying at 45° C. for 4 hours under vacuum to obtain a silica-supported metallocene catalyst in the form of solid particles.
The silica-supported metallocene catalyst in the form of solid particles was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that the metallocene compounds of Synthesis Examples 2 to 9 were respectively used instead of the metallocene compound of Synthesis Example 1.
The silica-supported metallocene catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that the metallocene compounds of Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 7 were respectively used instead of the metallocene compound of Synthesis Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the presence of the supported catalyst obtained in Preparation Example 1, and the specific method is as follows.
A 600 mL stainless steel reactor was vacuum dried at 120° C. and then cooled. 1 g of trimethylaluminum (TMA) was added to 250 g of hexane at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. After removing all the reacted hexane, 250 g of hexane and 0.5 g of triisobutylaluminum (TIBAL) were added thereto, and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. Then, 7 mg of the supported catalyst obtained in Preparation Example 1 was added thereto and then stirred while raising the temperature to 70° C. After stopping the stirring at 70° C., 10 mL of 1-hexene (C6) as a comonomer was added, and ethylene (ethylene, C2) was filled up to 30 bar, and then stirring was started. After the polymerization for 30 minutes, unreacted C2 was vented.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalysts of Preparation Examples 2 to 9 were respectively used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 1 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the addition amount of 1-hexene (C6) as a comonomer was changed to 20 mL (Comparative Example 2) and 25 mL (Comparative Example 3), respectively.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 2 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
Comparative Examples 5 and 6
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that the addition amount of 1-hexene (C6) as a comonomer was changed to 20 mL (Comparative Example 5) and 25 mL (Comparative Example 6), respectively.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 3 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7, except that the addition amount of 1-hexene (C6) as a comonomer was changed to 20 mL.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 4 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 5 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 6 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
An ethylene-1-hexene copolymer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 7 was used instead of the supported catalyst of Preparation Example 1.
The catalytic activity, process stability and physical properties of the polyethylene copolymer of the Examples and Comparative Examples were measured by the following method, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
It was calculated as the ratio of the weight (kg PE) of the polyethylene copolymer produced per unit time (h) per the supported catalyst content (g Cat) used per unit time (h).
Tm was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
Specifically, the melting temperature of the polymer was measured using a DSC 2920 (TA instrument) as a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Specifically, the polymer was heated to 150° C. and held for 5 minutes, then and the temperature was lowered to −100° C. and then increased again. At this time, the speed of a temperature rise and drop was adjusted to 10° C./min, respectively. The melting temperature was taken as the maximum point of the endothermic peak measured in the section where the second temperature rises.
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyethylene copolymer was measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC, manufactured by Water).
Specifically, a Waters PL-GPC220 instrument was used as the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) instrument, and a Polymer Laboratories PLgel MIX-B 300 mm length column was used. In this case, an evaluation temperature was 160° C., and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene was used for a solvent at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Each polyethylene sample was pretreated by dissolving it in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 0.0125% of BHT at 160° C. for 10 hours using a GPC analyzer (PL-GP220), and the sample was prepared at a concentration of 10 mg/10 mL and then supplied in an amount of 200 μL. The values of Mw and Mn were obtained using a calibration curve formed using a polystyrene standard. 9 kinds of the polystyrene standard were used with the molecular weight of 2000 g/mol, 10000 g/mol, 30000 g/mol, 70000 g/mol, 200000 g/mol, 700000 g/mol, 2000000 g/mol, 4000000 g/mol, 10000000 g/mol.
With respect to the polyethylene copolymers of Examples and Comparative Examples, the number of short chain branches (SCB) (content of branches having 2 to 7 carbon atoms per 1000 carbons) was measured by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
Specifically, the polyethylene copolymer sample was pretreated by dissolving it in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 0.0125% BHT at 160° C. for 10 hours using PL-SP260VS, and then measured using PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR connected with high temperature GPC (PL-GPC220) at 160° C.
With respect to the polyethylene copolymers of Examples and Comparative Examples, the appearance and touch of the obtained copolymer powder were visually and tactilely confirmed, and the morphology of the polymer was evaluated.
Specifically, after drying all the obtained powders under the same conditions, the morphology of the polymer is evaluated as very good if particles are scattered like sand grains and the grains maintain their original shape. The morphology of the polymer is evaluated as good if particles are scattered like sand grains, but there are particles where the grains aggregate like a snowman. The morphology of the polymer is evaluated as bad if particles are entangled in a lump rather than sand grains. In particular, when the morphology of the polyethylene copolymer is poor, it may be difficult to put into the gas phase polymerization reaction for the production of linear low-density polyethylene.
As shown in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the polyethylene copolymers of Examples 1 to 9 according to the present disclosure employ a supported catalyst containing a metallocene compound having an asymmetric structure consisting of a specific bridge group and indacene and indene ligands, and thus, the number of short chain branches (SCB) per 1000 carbons appears at a very high level in the range of 4.5/1000 C to 6.8/1000 C.
On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Examples in which the copolymerization process is performed with different substituents and structures of the catalyst, it can be confirmed that even if the addition amount of 1-hexene (C6) as a comonomer is increased, there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the SCB content, or the catalytic activity decreases or the morphology of polyethylene is not good.
Specifically, in the case of Comparative Examples 1 and 4 in which 10 mL of comonomer 1-hexene (C6) is added in the same manner as in Examples, it can be confirmed that the number of short chain branches (SCB) per 1000 carbon atoms is significantly lowered to 2.2/1000 C and 1.9/1000 C. Further, even in the case of Comparative Examples 2 and 5 in which the amount of the comonomer 1-hexene (C6) is increased to 20 mL, it can be confirmed that the number of short chain branches (SCB) per 1000 carbons is only 3.9/1000 C and 2.9/1000 C, and even if the amount is doubled, it is difficult to secure more than 4/1000 C, and also the morphology is also deteriorated. Moreover, in the case of Comparative Examples 3 and 6 in which the amount of the comonomer 1-hexene (C6) is further increased to 25 mL, fouling occurs in the polymerization process and thus, it is impossible to evaluate the physical properties of the polymer.
On the other hand, even when using a catalyst containing a metallocene compound having an asymmetric ligand structure similar to the structure of the catalyst used in Examples, in the case of Comparative Example 7 in which 10 mL of comonomer 1-hexene (C6) is added in the same manner as in Examples, the number of short chain branches (SCB) per 1000 carbons is significantly reduced to 3.5/1000 C. In addition, in the case of Comparative Example 8 in which the amount of the comonomer 1-hexene (C6) is further increased to 20 mL using the same catalyst as in Comparative Example 7, the number of short chain branches (SCB) per 1000 carbons is increased to 4.1/1000 C, but the catalytic activity in the polymerization process is significantly decreased by 4 kg PE/g_cat_h or more, and also the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyethylene copolymer is lowered, and the morphology is also poor.
Further, in the case of Comparative Example 9, which methoxy at position 5 and tert-butyl at position 6 of indene are contained in the metallocene compound of the catalyst, it has physical properties similar to those of Examples, but its activity is very low, which causes a drawback that the overall process cost and the synthetic unit price increase. Similarly, in the case of Comparative Example 10 in which there is no methyl group at position 2 of indene and indacene, it can be confirmed that not only the activity is low, but also the molecular weight is low and the copolymerizability is poor.
Further, in the case of Comparative Example 11 in which the ligand compound structure is a bis indacene structure rather than an indene-indacene combination, it can be confirmed that it maintains the activity and molecular weight similar to those of Examples, but the copolymerizability is significantly deteriorated, and the SCB content becomes very small. Furthermore, in the case of Comparative Example 12 in which the ligand compound structure is a cyclopentadiene-indacene structure rather than an indene-indacene combination, it can be confirmed that not only the activity is poor, but also the molecular weight is low and copolymerizability is poor.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2020-0088402 | Jul 2020 | KR | national |
| 10-2021-0092809 | Jul 2021 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2021/009156 | 7/16/2021 | WO |
