Patent Grant
11884146
This application is a national stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2020/055630, filed Mar. 4, 2020, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and which claimed priority to German Patent Application No. 102019205750.0, filed Apr. 23, 2019, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The disclosure relates to a transmission, comprising an input shaft, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, a first planetary gear set and a second planetary gear set connected to the first planetary gear set, wherein the planetary gear sets each comprise multiple elements. The disclosure relates to a vehicle having a transmission of said type.
Transmissions are known from the prior art, for example from DE 10 2011 079 975 A1. A transmission of said type makes possible a torque conversion as a ratio of an output torque to an input torque and a speed ratio as a ratio of an input speed to an output speed.
What is needed is an alternative transmission which, in particular, has a shorter axial length and is mechanically less complex.
The object is achieved by a transmission having the features of patent claim 1 and by a vehicle having the features of patent claim 16.
Proceeding from the known transmission described above, the transmission includes an input shaft, two output shafts, the planetary gear sets and elements thereof are arranged and configured such that a torque introduced via the input shaft is converted and divided between the two output shafts in a defined ratio, and the generation of a sum torque is prevented. At least one element of the first planetary gear set is connected to another element of the second planetary gear set, and a further element of the second planetary gear set is fixed to a non-rotatable structural element.
In the context of the disclosure, a “shaft” is to be understood to mean a rotatable structural part of the transmission, via which respectively associated components of the transmission are connected rotationally conjointly to one another or via which such a connection is established when a corresponding shift element is actuated. The respective shaft may in this case connect the components to one another axially or radially or both axially and radially. The respective shaft may thus also be present as an intermediate piece, via which a respective component is connected radially, for example.
In one exemplary arrangement, the elements are in the form of sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear.
In the context of the disclosure, “axial” means an orientation in the direction of a longitudinal central axis along which the planetary gear sets are arranged so as to lie coaxially with respect to one another. “Radial” is then to be understood to mean an orientation in the diameter direction of a shaft which lies on said longitudinal central axis.
If an element is fixed, it is prevented from rotating. In one exemplary arrangement, the non-rotatable structural element of the transmission may be a permanently static component, a housing of the transmission, a part of such a housing or a structural element connected to said housing in a non-rotatable manner.
In contrast to the prior art, no sum torque is generated, for example at a differential cage. Preventing the generation of a sum torque means that no rotating structural element (input shaft, output shafts, elements of the planetary gear sets) is subjected to the sum of the individual torques acting in the two output shafts, as is the case in differentials known from the prior art.
The transmission may for example be designed such that the input shaft is connected rotationally conjointly to a first element of the first planetary gear set; the first output shaft is connected rotationally conjointly to a second element of the first planetary gear set; wherein a third element of the first planetary gear set is connected rotationally conjointly to a first element of the second planetary gear set; wherein a second element of the second planetary gear set is fixed to a non-rotatable structural element of the transmission; the second output shaft is connected rotationally conjointly to a third element of the second planetary gear set.
Thus; a transmission is provided which can; by a single integral assembly, implement the two functions of torque conversion and torque distribution, which was previously achieved by two separate assemblies. The disclosure therefore constitutes a combined transmission gearing and differential transmission, which on the one hand can implement a torque conversion with the aid of a housing support and on the other hand can implement the torque distribution to the output shafts. The term “integrated differential” may also be used in this context.
The specification of the torque conversion is to be understood as follows;
The transmission has two output shafts, the torque sum of which, in relation to the input torque, describes the conversion of the transmission. The speed ratio of the respective output shaft is initially not defined. It is the coupling of the two output shafts, for example via the wheels of the vehicle on a roadway, that first generates defined rotational speeds. If both output shafts rotate at the same rotational speed, for example during straight-ahead travel, then, as in the prior art, the speed ratio can be formed as a rotational speed ratio between the input rotational speed and one of the two identical output rotational speeds. In all other cases, it is not possible to use the common definition of torque conversion/speed ratio to specify a speed ratio of the transmission.
The two planetary gear sets may be arranged axially adjacent to one another. The first planetary gear set may however also be arranged radially within the second planetary gear set. The latter exemplary arrangement is also referred to as a nested arrangement of the planetary gear sets.
In one exemplary arrangement, toothings of the two interconnected elements of the first and second planetary gear sets, that is to say of the third element of the first planetary gear set and of the first element of the second planetary gear set, are formed on the same structural part.
In one exemplary arrangement, a pitch of the toothing on the third element of the first planetary gear set and on the first element of the second planetary gear set is identical. The identical pitch allows the connecting structural part or the coupling shaft to be free from axial forces, such that an expensive axial bearing can be omitted.
The pitch or lead of a helical toothing is to be understood to mean the axial path, measured along an associated axis of rotation, which is required for an imaginary continuation of a tooth beyond the actual width of the toothed gear in order to realize a 360° loop of the tooth around the axis. In the case of threads, the term thread pitch is commonly used in an analogous manner. A helically toothed gear with multiple teeth is thus comparable to a multi-start thread. In the case of spindles, the word lead is also commonly used for the corresponding dimension.
In one exemplary arrangement, the input shaft is connected to a drive machine, for example, an electric machine or an internal combustion engine, for the introduction of a torque into the transmission. In the case of the electric machine, in one exemplary arrangement, the rotor of the electric machine is connected rotationally conjointly to the input shaft. In one exemplary arrangement, the rotor is connected to the input shaft via at least one speed ratio stage.
In one exemplary arrangement, the electric machine may be arranged so as to lie either coaxially with respect to the planetary gear sets or axially parallel with respect thereto. In the first-mentioned case, the rotor of the electric machine may in this case either be directly connected rotationally conjointly to the input shaft or else coupled thereto via one or more interposed speed ratio stages, wherein the latter allows a more cost-effective design of the electric machine with higher rotational speeds and lower torque. The at least one speed ratio stage may in this case be designed as a spur gear stage and/or as a planetary stage.
If, by contrast, the electric machine is provided so as to be axially offset with respect to the planetary gear sets, a coupling is thus realized via one or more interposed speed ratio stages and/or a traction mechanism drive. The one or more speed ratio stages may in this case also be implemented specifically either as a spur gear stage or as a planetary stage. A traction mechanism drive may be either a belt drive or a chain drive.
In the case of a coaxial arrangement of the electric machine, in one exemplary arrangement, the first output shaft is guided through the rotor of the electric machine. This makes the transmission with electric machine particularly compact.
In one exemplary arrangement, the static transmission ratio of the second planetary set is calculated at least approximately from the reciprocal of the static transmission ratio of the first planetary set minus 1, that is to say:
In the event that the two planetary gear sets are designed as minus planetary gear sets (for example as per
If a different torque distribution is desired or if the planetary gear sets are designed differently (for example
In
In one exemplary arrangement, the number of planets of the second planetary gear set is greater than the number of planets of the first planetary gear set. Despite the application of the abovementioned calculation rule, a high transmission ratio can be implemented by this configuration, which in turn makes possible a particularly compact and cost-effective electric machine.
In one exemplary arrangement, the second planetary gear set has five, six, seven or eight planets. In one exemplary arrangement, the first planetary gear set has three or four planets.
A further positive effect of the large or relatively large number of planets on the second planetary gear set is that, in this way, the sun gear and/or ring gear of the second planetary gear set can be made very thin-walled and thus lightweight, cost-effective and space-saving.
The large or relatively large number of planets furthermore allows the toothing forces to be introduced more uniformly into the sun gear and/or the ring gear. This gives rise to less elastic deformation of the sun gear and of the ring gear.
In addition, by a large number of planets on the second planetary gear set, the mounting of that shaft that connects the first and second planetary gear sets can be improved. This is therefore possible because the planet gears of the second planetary gear set are mounted so as to be fixed to the housing, and said shaft is centered in said planet gears.
It is self-evidently the case that, even without using the calculation rule, the number of the second planetary gear set may be greater than that of the first planetary gear set.
In one exemplary arrangement, the drive machine is installed transversely with respect to a direction of travel. In one exemplary arrangement, the two output shafts are connected rotationally conjointly to the wheels of a vehicle.
In one exemplary arrangement, the two output shafts distribute the introduced torque between different axles of a vehicle. An arrangement as a longitudinal transfer box (also called longitudinal transfer case) can thus be implemented, that is to say a transmission that distributes the introduced torque, for example, between multiple axles, and in one particular arrangement, between a front axle and a rear axle of a vehicle.
The torque distribution of the transmission does not need to be uniform between the output shafts. In particular in the case of the exemplary arrangement as a longitudinal transfer box, a non-uniform distribution between one and the other axle may be realized. For example, the torque provided by the input shaft may be distributed such that 60% is directed to the rear axle and 40% to the front axle.
The two planetary gear sets may be designed both as a minus or a plus planetary gear set. A combination of minus and plus planetary gear sets is also possible.
A minus planetary set is, in a manner known in principle to a person skilled in the art, made up of the elements sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear, wherein the planet carrier guides at least one but in one exemplary arrangement, multiple planet gears in rotatably mounted fashion, which planet gears specifically mesh in each case with both the sun gear and the surrounding ring gear.
In the case of a plus planetary set, it is likewise the case that the elements sun gear, ring gear and planet carrier are present, wherein the latter guides at least one planet gear pair, in the case of which one planet gear is in tooth meshing engagement with the inner sun gear and the other planet gear is in tooth meshing engagement with the surrounding ring gear, and the planet gears mesh with one another.
Where a connection of the individual elements is possible, a minus planetary set can be converted into a plus planetary set, wherein, then, in relation to the arrangement of a minus planetary set, the ring gear and the planet carrier connections must be interchanged with one another and the magnitude of a static transmission ratio must be increased by one. Conversely, it would also be possible for a plus planetary set to be replaced by a minus planetary set, if the connection of the elements of the transmission allows this. In this case, in relation to the plus planetary set, the ring gear and the planet carrier connection would then likewise have to be interchanged with one another, and a static transmission ratio would have to be reduced by one, and the sign would have to be changed. In the context of the disclosure, however, the two planetary gear sets are preferably each designed as a minus planetary set.
In one exemplary arrangement, both planetary gear sets are designed as minus planetary gear sets. These have good efficiency and can be arranged axially adjacent to one another and nested radially.
In the case of a combination of minus and plus planetary gear sets in a nested arrangement, in one exemplary arrangement, the radially inner planetary gear set is a minus planetary gear set and the radially outer planetary gear set is a plus planetary gear set. Here, on the one hand, an easily implemented nesting capability is maintained. In addition, in this context, the fixed ring gear also offers the advantage that the (normally) relatively poor efficiency caused by the plus planetary gear set only affects a single output shaft.
In the context of the disclosure, it is additionally possible for a transmission gearing or a multi-ratio transmission, preferably a 2-ratio transmission, to be connected upstream of the transmission. This transmission gearing or multi-ratio transmission may then also be a constituent part of the transmission and serves to configure an additional speed ratio by, for example, converting the rotational speed of the drive machine and driving the input shaft with this converted rotational speed. The multi-ratio transmission or transmission gearing may in one exemplary arrangement, be in the form of a planetary transmission.
In one exemplary arrangement, the elements of the transmission may be configured as follows:
a) Transmission with two minus planetary gear sets, wherein
This transmission could be referred to as a first concept with two minus planetary gear sets.
b) Transmission with two minus planetary gear sets, wherein
This transmission could be referred to as a second concept with two minus planetary gear sets.
c) Transmission with two minus planetary gear sets, wherein
This transmission could be referred to as a fifth concept with two minus planetary gear sets.
d) Transmission with one plus and one minus planetary gear set, wherein the second planetary gear set is the minus planetary gear set, wherein
This transmission is, as it were, the first concept with one plus planetary gear set.
e) Transmission with one plus and one minus planetary gear set, wherein the first planetary gear set is the minus planetary gear set, wherein
This transmission is, as it were, the first concept with one plus planetary gear set.
f) Transmission with two plus planetary gear sets, wherein
This transmission is, as it were, the first concept with two plus planetary gear sets.
In one exemplary arrangement, the transmission is part of a motor vehicle drivetrain for a hybrid or electric vehicle and is then arranged between a drive machine, configured as an internal combustion engine or electric machine, of the motor vehicle and further components of the drivetrain which follow in the direction of power flow to drive wheels of the motor vehicle. Here, the input shaft of the transmission is coupled to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine or to the rotor shaft of the electric machine. The transmission may also be part of a drivetrain for a conventional motor vehicle, that is to say a vehicle that is driven only by an internal combustion engine.
The statement that two structural elements of the transmission are rotationally conjointly “connected” or “coupled” or “connected to one another” means, within the context of the invention, a permanent coupling of these structural elements such that they cannot rotate independently of one another. In this respect, no shift element is provided between these structural elements, which may be elements of the planetary gear sets and/or also shafts and/or a non-rotatable structural element of the transmission, but the corresponding structural elements are fixedly coupled to one another. A rotationally elastic connection between two structural parts is also understood to be rotationally conjoint. In particular, a rotationally conjoint connection may also include joints, for example in order to allow a steering movement or a spring compression movement of a wheel.
According to another aspect, a drivetrain for a vehicle is provided which has a transmission with the features described above. The advantages of the transmission also have an effect on a drivetrain with a transmission of said type. According to a further aspect, a vehicle is provided which has a drivetrain with a transmission with the features described above. The advantages of the transmission also have an effect on a vehicle with a transmission of said type. Overall, the disclosure makes it possible to provide a transmission and a vehicle with a transmission of said type which has an integral design, that is to say torque conversion and torque distribution, as well as a compact and axially short design (in particular in the case of a nested arrangement). In addition, the transmission is characterized by good efficiency and low costs owing to low complexity. Significantly lower toothing forces occur. In addition, the problem of seizing can be reduced. Furthermore, an extremely low locking ratio can be realized.
The disclosure is not restricted to the stated combination of the features of the main claim or of the claims dependent thereon. Possibilities additionally arise for combining individual features with one another, also insofar as they emerge from the claims, from the following description of exemplary arrangements of the disclosure or directly from the drawings. The reference by the claims to the drawings through the use of reference designations is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.
Advantageous exemplary arrangements of the disclosure, which will be discussed below, are illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings:
The drivetrain 100 as per
The drivetrain 100 as per
The drivetrain 100 as per
The drivetrain 100 as per
The drivetrain 100 as per
In the present exemplary arrangement, the input shaft 10 is connected rotationally conjointly to the first element E11. The first output shaft 11 is connected rotationally conjointly to the second element E21 of the first planetary gear set. The second output shaft 12 is connected rotationally conjointly to the third element E32 of the second planetary gear set. The third element E31 of the first planetary gear set P1 is connected rotationally conjointly to the first element E12 of the second planetary gear set P2, whereas the second element E22 of the second planetary gear set P2 is fixed to a non-rotatable structural element GG. The non-rotatable structural element GG is a transmission housing of the transmission G.
The third element E31, that is to say the ring gear HO1 of the first planetary gear set P1, and the first element E12, that is to say the sun gear SO2 of the second planetary gear set, form a common structural part, which in the present case is in the form of a shaft 3.
As can be seen in
The input shaft 10 may be connected to a drive machine and thus introduce an input torque into the transmission G. That is to say, the input shaft and output shafts rotate in the same direction. Through the connection of the two planetary gear sets P1, P2 to one another and the support of the second element E22 on the housing GG, the introduced input torque can be distributed between the two output shafts 11, 12. In this case, the transmission performs not only the function of a transmission gearing but additionally that of a differential gear. That is to say, the introduced torque is not only subjected to a speed ratio but is also distributed between various output shafts. In this exemplary arrangement, no reversal of the direction of rotation occurs.
Thus, in the case of the two planetary gear sets P1, P2, the planet carrier and ring gear connections have been interchanged. Reference is otherwise made to the statements relating to
In other words, the torque continues to be introduced via the sun gear SO1 of the first planetary gear set P1, whereas the output is ensured via the ring gear HO1. In contrast to the situation in
In contrast to the exemplary arrangement in
The transmission G is the arrangement as per
Furthermore, a shift element SE is assigned to the planetary transmission P3. The shift element SE is configured to fix the third element E33 to the non-rotatable structural element GG. Furthermore, the shift element SE is configured to, in a second shift position, connect the third element E33 to the first element E13 of the third planetary gear set, that is to say to place these in a block state. If a planetary gear set is in a block state, the speed ratio is always 1, regardless of the number of teeth. In other words, the planetary gear set revolves as a block. In a third shift position, the third element E33 is not fixed to the housing, nor is the planetary gear set P3 in a block state. The shift element SE is in this case present in a neutral shift position. The first shift position of the shift element SE is denoted by the reference designation G1, which at the same time represents a first gear ratio stage. The second shift position is denoted by the reference designation G2, which at the same time represents a second gear ratio stage. The first element E13 of the planetary gear set P3 is connected via an input shaft 14 to a drive machine (not illustrated). If the shift element SE is in its neutral position, the drive torque introduced into the transmission gearing P3 is not transmitted to the input shaft 10 of the transmission G.
As can also be clearly seen from
Otherwise, the exemplary arrangement as per
As can be clearly seen, the number of planets of the second planetary gear set is greater than the number of planets of the first planetary gear set. According to this exemplary arrangement, the second planetary gear set P2 has six planets, whereas the first planetary gear set P1 has four planets.
A high transmission ratio can be implemented by this configuration, which in turn makes possible a particularly compact and cost-effective electric machine.
A high transmission ratio however leads, in accordance with the calculation rule,
to a static transmission ratio of lower magnitude at the second planetary gear set P2. A lower static transmission ratio in turn leads to a small planet diameter. A small planetary diameter in turn impairs the tooth meshing engagement and reduces the installation space for the planet bearings.
It has been found that a higher number of planets of the second planetary gear set in relation to the first planetary gear set counteracts this effect.
The following
The following generally applies to
At the first planetary gear set P1, the torque of the input shaft 10 is converted into the output torque for the first output 11. The third element E31 of the first planetary gear set P1 (which is at the same time the first element E12 of the second planetary gear set P2) is driven backward by its reaction moment. The backward movement of the third element E31 is permitted, such that a proportion of the mechanical drive power (preferably 50% in the case of the transverse differential and straight-ahead travel) is conducted through the first planet set P1 into the second planet set.
Furthermore, the backward rotation causes the speed ratio with respect to the first output 11 to be increased (static transmission ratio i0=−3 would allow only a speed ratio of i=4 in the case of a fixed ring gear).
In the second planetary gear set P2, the direction of rotation (backward) introduced at the first element (E12) is, with the aid of a housing support (E22), reversed (forward) into the output movement of the second output (12). Here, the torque introduced into the second planetary set P2 and the torque conducted out to the second output (12) are summed to give the housing support torque. Here, the second planet set P2 transmits only that proportion of the mechanical power that is conducted to the second output (12) (typically 50%), Only a proportion of the power is applied to the second planetary set P2, such that the overall efficiency is positively influenced.
In the prior art, a torque conversion usually takes place with the aid of a housing support. The reaction moment of the transmission gearing is in this case conducted directly into the housing and does not serve to generate the second output torque. The result is that a transmission must firstly be configured for the sum torque of the two output shafts (generally double the torque). A separate differential transmission is then required to divide this sum torque, which is not required in this form at any location, into two output torques again.
The individual
By contrast to this, the introduction of force according to an exemplary arrangement takes place in parallel via eight moving, that is to say rotating, tooth meshing engagement points. There are four tooth meshing engagement points between sun gear SO1 and four planet gears. Four further tooth meshing engagement points act between a respective planet gear and the ring gear HO1 (not illustrated). The output to the first output shaft 11 takes place via the planet gear carrier PT1. The technical effect lies in the significantly lower tooth forces that act on the first planetary gear set.
By contrast to this, the introduction of force into the second planetary gear set P2 according to the exemplary arrangement takes place in parallel via 6 moving, that is to say rotating, tooth meshing engagement points. The six tooth meshing engagement points act in each case between one of the six planet gears and the ring gear HO2. The fixed planet carrier PT2, which carries the six planet gears and the sun gear SO2, are not illustrated. The output to the second output shaft 12 takes place via the ring gear HO2. The technical effect lies in the significantly lower tooth forces that act on the second planetary gear set owing to the larger effective diameter and owing to the larger possible number of planets.
The introduction of force according to the exemplary arrangement takes place into the fixed planet carrier PT2 via 12 parallel tooth meshing engagement points. Six tooth meshing engagement points act between the sun gear SO2 and the six planet gears of the second planetary gear set. The six other tooth meshing engagement points act between each planet gear of the second planetary gear set and the ring gear HO2. The technical effect lies in the significantly lower tooth forces that act on the second planet carrier PT2.
The greatest torque in the gear set according to the disclosure (right) corresponds to the output torque of a single gear. Only the housing support has a high torque factor in accordance with physical principles.
The stepped planet set according to the prior art (left) generates the full output torque, that is to say the sum torque of both wheels, from one input torque Man. The differential divides this high moment into two half wheel moments Man1 and Man2.
The figure symbolically illustrates the torques in terms of magnitude on their path through the transmission. Directions of rotation are not apparent from this.
The disclosure has been described and explained comprehensively with reference to the drawings and the description. The description and explanation are to be understood as examples and not as being limiting. The disclosure is not limited to the disclosed arrangements. Other arrangements or variations will become apparent to a person skilled in the art from the use the present disclosure and from a close analysis of the drawings, the disclosure and the following claims.
In the patent claims, the words “comprising” and “having” do not exclude the presence of further elements or steps. The indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the presence of a multiplicity. A single element or a single unit may perform the functions of several of the units mentioned in the patent claims. The mere mention of certain measures in several different dependent patent claims should not be understood to mean that a combination of these measures cannot likewise be advantageously used.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102019205750.0 | Apr 2019 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/055630 | 3/4/2020 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020/216504 | 10/29/2020 | WO | A |
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| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT/EP2020/055630 dated Apr. 17, 2020 (15 pages; with English translation). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20220203814 A1 | Jun 2022 | US |
