Patent Application
20110291755
The present invention relates to a transmission power control method and a transmission power control apparatus used for a radio device.
Generally, with a radio device, low power consumption and an accurate transmission power control are required. By reducing power consumption, a radio device that mounts a battery, for example, a mobile telephone is able to communicate longer. Also, by carrying out an accurate transmission power control, it is possible to increase communication quality. Absence of accurate transmission power control becomes a cause of increased noise leakage against other radio devices, so that in many cases an accurate transmission power control is strictly required by, for example, a radio communication standard.
As a preferable transmitting technology to achieve low power consumption, conventionally, a polar modulation scheme has been proposed (for example, see patent literature 1).
This transmission apparatus secures the dynamic range of transmission power by switching PA 4 between compressed mode and uncompressed mode. Further, compressed mode may be rephrased as saturation operation mode and uncompressed mode as non-saturation operation mode.
This transmission apparatus operates PA 4 in compressed mode when high transmission power is required. On the other hand, when low transmission power is required, the transmission apparatus operates PA 4 in uncompressed mode. Specifically, in compressed mode, the transmission apparatus controls the output power by changing the level of the power supply voltage to PA 4 according to desired output power. Given that the PA operates in the saturation region, this compressed mode is inherently very accurate with respect to output power.
On the other hand, in uncompressed mode, the transmission apparatus controls the output power by changing the level of the phase-modulated signal to be input to PA 4 according to desired output power. In this uncompressed mode, given that the PA operates in the linear region, the output power can not be controlled as accurately as in compressed mode.
With conventional transmission apparatuses, when compressed mode (C-mode) and uncompressed mode (U-mode) are switched in transmission power control, transmission power drift is likely to be produced due to differences between the characteristics of the modes (drift due to temperature, drift due to aging, and drift due to load, etc.).
This will be explained briefly using
As shown in
Also, even in the same mode, due to, for example, a change of temperature, an output power error from the power setting value is produced.
Particularly when switching a power amplifier between compressed mode and uncompressed mode and controlling output power to the target power, an inter-mode output power error from the power setting value and an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value are produced in a complex manner, so that there has been a problem that it is difficult to accurately adjust output power to the target power.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmission power control method and a transmission power control apparatus that perform precise transmission power control when a power amplifier is switched between compressed mode and uncompressed mode.
One aspect of the transmission power control method of the present invention is that the transmission power control method including a process of switching mode of a power amplifier between compressed mode and uncompressed mode in a process of controlling output power of the power amplifier, the method includes: setting a power setting value of mode to switch to, such that an inter-mode output power error is canceled, calculating an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value of the mode to switch to, calculating a gain linearity value based on the power setting value of the mode to switch to and an intra-mode output power error, and resetting the power setting value of the mode to switch to based on the gain linearity value.
One aspect of the transmission power control method is that the transmission power control method including a process of switching mode of a power amplifier between compressed mode and uncompressed mode in a process of controlling output power of the power amplifier, the method includes the steps of: setting the first power setting value that is a power setting value of mode before switching and measuring the first power measurement value that is an output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the first power setting value is set; setting the second power setting value that is the power setting value in mode to switch to and measuring the second power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the second power setting value is set; calculating an inter-mode output power error based on the first and second power measurement values; setting the third power setting value that is a value to cancel the inter-mode output power error and measuring the third power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the third power setting value is set; calculating an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value in the mode to switch to based on the second and third power setting values and the second and third power measurement values; calculating a gain linearity value based on the second and third power setting values and the intra-mode output power error; and setting the fourth power setting value based on a target power, the intra-mode output power error, and the gain linearity value.
One aspect of the transmission power control apparatus is that a transmission power control apparatus that switches a power amplifier between compressed mode and uncompressed mode and controls transmission power, the apparatus includes: a power setting section that sets output power of the power amplifier; a power measurement section that measures output power of the power amplifier; an error calculation section that calculates an error of an output power measurement value from a power setting value based on the power setting value set by the power setting section and the output power measurement value measured by the power measurement section; and a gain linearity calculation section that calculates a gain linearity value, where: the power setting section sets the first power setting value that is the power setting value of mode before switching and the second power setting value that is the power setting value of mode to switch to; the power measurement section measures the first power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the first power setting value is set and the second power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the second power setting value is set; the error calculation section calculates an inter-mode output power error based on the first and second output power measurement values; the power setting section sets the third power setting value that is a value to cancel an inter-mode output power error; the power measurement section measures the third power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of the power amplifier when the third power setting value is set; the error calculation section calculates the intra-mode output power error from the power setting value in the mode to switch to based on the second and third power setting values and the second and third power measurement values; the gain linearity calculation section calculates the gain linearity value based on the second and third power setting values and the intra-mode output power error; and the power setting section sets the fourth power setting value based on a target power, the intra-mode output power error, and the gain linearity value.
The present invention can precisely adjust output power to the target power, where the mode of a power amplifier is switched between compressed mode and uncompressed mode, even when an inter-mode output power error from the power setting value and an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value are produced in a complex manner.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(1) Overall Configuration
Transmission apparatus 100 has polar signal generation circuit 101, phase-modulated signal generation circuit 102, power amplifier (PA) 103, amplitude control circuit 104, variable amplification circuit 105 formed with a variable gain amplifier (VGA) and/or an attenuator, and power alignment loop (PAL) 111.
PAL 111 has detector circuit 106 that detects the output power of PA 103, low-pass filter (LPF) 108, analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 109 and transmission power control section 107. Detector circuit 106, low-pass filter (LPF) 108, and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 109 form a power measurement section to measure the output power of PA 103.
Polar signal generation circuit 101 receives as input a spread modulated signal (input complex signal) obtained by spreading modulating section 110. Polar signal generation circuit 101 generates an amplitude component signal and a phase component signal from the spread modulated signal as an input complex signal. Specifically, polar signal generation circuit 101 operates according to the input complex signal from spreading modulating section 110, and generates an envelope component signal (amplitude component signal) containing the amplitude information of the input complex signal, and a constant-envelope component signal (phase component signal) containing the phase information of the input complex signal. The amplitude component signal is input to amplitude control circuit 104, and the constant amplitude phase component signal is input to phase-modulated signal generation circuit 102.
Phase-modulated signal generation circuit 102 performs phase modulation using the phase component signal to generate an RF phase-modulated signal. Variable amplification circuit 105 amplifies or attenuates an RF phase-modulated signal based on phase path scaling coefficient (phase-path magnitude scaling) S10 obtained at transmission power control section 107, and then supplies the scaled RF phase-modulated signal to the RF signal input terminal of PA 103.
Amplitude control circuit 104 forms power supply voltage for PA 103 by multiplying the amplitude component signal by an amplitude path scaling coefficient (AM-path envelope scaling) S11 from transmission power control section 107, and supplies this power supply voltage to the power supply input terminal of PA 103.
Detector circuit 106 is formed with, for example, PIN diodes or other semiconductor detectors, and detects the output power of PA 103.
LPF 108 is formed with, for example, an RC circuit and obtains an average output power value of PA 103 by integrating output power detection results from PA 103. LPF 108 is provided to reduce drift of the output power detection value of PA 103 obtained by detector circuit 106.
ADC 109 samples output results of LPF 108.
By the way, if the cut-off frequency of LPF 108 is set too high, drift cannot be reduced sufficiently. On the other hand, if the cut-off frequency is set too low, the output of LPF 108 takes time to become stable after power adjustment. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the cut-off frequency of LPF 108 taking these into consideration. By the way, according to the 3GPP standard, power control is required to be performed within a range of ±25 μsec from the symbol boundary.
To meet this requirement, the time constant of LPF 108 needs to be on the order of several μsec or less. In practice, the time constant of LPF 108 needs to be set such that instantaneous envelope drift of a spread modulated signal can be canceled, and drift slower than the fundamental period of the spread modulated signal (the chip rate for the spreading code) resulting from the pattern of the spreading code used in spreading modulating section 110 may remain. The cut-off frequency is preferably in the range of several dozens to hundreds of kHz. In the present embodiment, as an example, the cut-off frequency is 300 kHz.
Transmission power control section 107 has power setting section 107-1 and error calculation section 107-2. Power setting section 107-1 provides the output power of PA 103. Error calculation section 107-2 calculates the error of output power measurement values from the power setting value, based on the power setting value provided by power setting section 107-1 and the output power measurement value measured by a power measurement section (detector circuit 106, LPF 108, and ADC 109).
Transmission power control section 107 receives as input the output power measurement value through detector circuit 106, LPF 108, and ADC 109. Further, transmission power control section 107 checks whether or not a transmission power control signal is reported from a communicating party (for example, a base station, but not shown), and, if a transmission power control signal is received, sets transmission control power value ΔP of the next symbol in the symbol boundary. Furthermore, a transmission power control signal needs not to be reported from a communicating party, and may be generated inside the terminal having a polar modulation transmission apparatus.
Power setting section 107-1 of transmission power control section 107 controls the power supply voltage level of PA 103 and the input signal (RF phase-modulated signal) level of PA 103 by calculating scaling coefficients S10 and S11 based on the output power measurement value in PA 103 and transmission power control value ΔP, and by outputting these to amplitude control circuit 104 and to variable amplification circuit 105, respectively.
Specifically, transmission power control section 107 calculates final scaling coefficients S10 and S11 by using the original values of the scaling coefficients obtained with reference to a table using the transmission power set values as addresses, and the compensation values of the scaling coefficients calculated from the output power measurement values obtained by detector circuit 106, LPF 108 and ADC 109.
Transmission power control section 107 of the present embodiment has a table associating the setting value of transmission power and scaling coefficients (hereinafter referred to as the “power table”).
In practice, as shown in
Even though either of compressed mode or uncompressed mode is selected, the overlapping region is a range which can generate required output power. Specifically, in practice, by having the amplitude path scaling coefficient and phase path scaling coefficient such as shown by the solid lines in
Therefore, according to scaling coefficients S10 and S11 that are calculated by power setting section 107-1 of transmission power control section 107, it is determined whether PA 103 will be operated in compressed mode or in uncompressed mode.
In addition to the above configuration, transmission apparatus 100 has gain linearity calculation section 120. Gain linearity calculation section 120 receives as input power adjustment amount S20 and power change amount S21 from transmission power control section 107.
The amount of power adjustment is the target amount of power adjustment provided by transmission power control section 107 to increase and decrease an output power of PA 103, that is, the difference of a power setting value, in other words, the amount of change of power setting value. The amount of power change is the actual amount of output power of PA 103, the difference of power measurement value, in other words, the amount of change of power measurement value, and is calculated based on the output value of ADC 109. The gain linearity is the value obtained by dividing the amount of power change with the amount of power adjustment (that is, the amount of power change/the amount of power adjustment), and shows actual amount of power change of power when increasing and decreasing the power for 1 dB.
The gain linearity changes by temperature, mode, and device characteristics. If transmission power control which accurately takes into account a gain linearity is not performed, actual transmission power cannot be controlled accurately. With the present embodiment, a gain linearity is calculated by gain linearity calculation section 120. Transmission power control section 107 performs transmission power control (that is, provides a scaling coefficient) which takes into account gain linearity S22 achieved by gain linearity calculation section 120.
Therefore, transmission apparatus 100 is able to control an output power of PA 103 (that is, transmission power) to be the target value, even when a gain linearity changes due to, for example, a change of temperature.
Here, transmission apparatus 100 is required to finish power control within a time designated by, for example, the 3GPP standard. By the way, according to the 3GPP standard, power control is required to be performed within a range of ±25 sec from the symbol boundary.
The allowed value of error of transmission power required by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 25.101 will be explained using
3GPP, the standards body responsible for promulgating the UMTS and W-CDMA standards, requires that a mobile terminal increase or decrease output power in discrete steps (e.g., +/−1 dB, +/−2 dB, +/−3 dB, and etc.) according to TPC commands from a base station. The UMTS standard also specifies implementing these power increasing and decreasing steps within specific tolerances.
For example, as shown in the table of
The 3GPP UMTS standard also specifies cumulative tolerances for power command groups, as shown in the table in
As shown in the list of the table of
(2) Transmission Power Control which Takes into Account Inter-Mode and Intra-Mode Errors
Next, transmission power control which is a characteristic of the present invention and which takes into account inter-mode and intra-mode errors will be explained.
In the following explanation, for ease of explanation, transmission power control under a situation where an intra-mode error (an error due to drift of gain linearity) is not produced will be explained first in item (2-1). Next, a case where an error is produced in transmission power due to an intra-mode error (an error due to drift of gain linearity) will be explained in item (2-2).
Finally, transmission power control which takes into account inter-mode and intra-mode errors, according to the present embodiment will be explained in item (2-3).
In the following, a case will be explained as an example, where transmission power is controlled from a state of 8 dBm in compressed mode to a state of 4 dBm in uncompressed mode. Thus, a case where transmission power is decreased for 4 dB, and mode switching is performed in the decreasing process will be explained. In the following examples, a case will be explained, where an inter-mode transmission power error (an inter-mode error) on switching mode from compressed mode to uncompressed mode is −2 dB.
(2-1) When intra-mode error (error due to drift of gain linearity) is not produced
Transmission power control under a situation, where gain linearity does not drift in the first place and an intra-mode error due to drift of gain linearity is not produced, will be explained using
After starting transmission power control procedure in step ST0 in
In step ST2, output power of PA 103 is measured by a power measurement section (detector circuit 106, LPF 108, and ADC 109).
In step ST3, to allow power setting section 107-1 of transmission power control section 107 to correct the error between the power setting value and the actual output power, the power of PA 103 is set to the power for comparison in another mode (that is, the power setting value is set to a coefficient for comparison). Specifically, transmission power control section 107 provides scaling coefficients S10 and S11 that are provided to output 7 dBm in another mode (in a case of an example of
In step ST4, output power of PA 103 is measured by a power measurement section, and in step ST5 the error of an inter-mode output power of PA 103 is calculated by error calculation section 107-2.
In step ST6, power setting section 107-1 provides the power setting value of uncompressed mode, such that an inter-mode error is canceled. Thus, power setting section 107-1 provides scaling coefficients S10 and S11 in uncompressed mode to increase transmission power 2 dB, compared with scaling coefficients S10 and S11 in uncompressed mode to be provided in step ST3.
In step ST7, output power of PA 103 is measured by a power measurement section and in an example in
In step ST10, power setting section 107-1 sets scaling coefficients S10 and S11 corresponding to the amount of power adjustment calculated in step ST9, and transmits these to variable amplification circuit 105 and to amplitude control circuit 104, respectively. Therefore, as shown in
(2-2) When Error is Produced in Transmission Power Due to Intra-Mode Error (Error Due to Drift of Gain Linearity)
A case shown in
In
However, in an example in
In step ST7 output power of PA 103 is measured by a power measurement section, in step ST8 residual error is calculated by error calculation section 107-2, and in step ST9 the amount of power adjustment which takes into account residual error is calculated by power setting section 107-1. In an example of
In step ST10, power setting section 107-1 sets scaling coefficients S10 and S11 corresponding to the amount of power adjustment −2.6 dB that is calculated in step ST9, and transmits these to variable amplification circuit 105 and to amplitude control circuit 104 respectively. Here, if drift of gain linearity is not produced, output power of PA 103 becomes 4 dBm, that is designated as the target. However, output power of PA 103 that should change for −2.6 dB changes only for −2.08 dB due to drift of gain linearity, so that output power of PA 103 becomes 4.52 dBm. As a result, final output power of PA 103 makes an error of +0.52 dB from the target value and an accurate transmission power control cannot be performed.
(2-3) Transmission Power Control which Takes into Account Drift of Gain Linearity, According to the Present Invention
Transmission power control which takes into account drift of gain linearity, according to the present embodiment will be explained using
With transmission apparatus 100, in step ST21, power setting section 107-1 provides the power setting value in uncompressed mode, such that an inter-mode output power error is canceled. Additionally, in the present embodiment, the difference, dADJ1, of the power setting value of this time is calculated in step ST21. In an example of
In step ST22, output power of PA 103 is measured by a power measurement section, and, in step ST23, residual error E2 is calculated by error calculation section 107-2. In an example in
In step ST24, gain linearity Gact is calculated by gain linearity calculation section 120 based on difference dADJ1 of the power setting value and residual error E2. Specifically, gain linearity calculation section 120 calculates gain linearity Gact according to the following equation.
Gact=(dADJ1+E2)/dADJ1 (Equation 1)
In step ST25, power setting section 107-1 calculates the amount of power adjustment which takes into account gain linearity Gact. Although with step ST9 (
Power adjustment amount=(Value of power that is short to target−E2)/Gact (Equation 2)
“Value of power that is short to target” in equation 2 is not the actual value of power that is short to the target, but the value of power that is short to the target at the step of providing the power setting value. Here, a numerator in equation 2 is calculated to remove current residual error E2 from the value of power that is short to the target at the step of providing the power setting value (that is, the actual value of power that is short to the target is calculated by calculation of numerator of equation 2).
In an example in
As a result, as shown in
[3] Configuration Example of Transmission Power Control Section
Next, a specific configuration example of transmission power control section 107 to realize transmission power control of the present embodiment will be presented.
(3-1) Configuration Example 1
Control section 131 receives as input the output of ADC 109 and a transmission power control signal. Control section 131 generates a read address of LUT 132 based on the output of ADC 109 and a transmission power control signal, and outputs it to multiplier 134.
A scaling coefficient corresponding to a read address which is input from control section 131 through multiplier 134 is read from LUT 132, and this scaling coefficient is transmitted to control section 131. From control section 131 to gain linearity calculation section 120, power adjustment amount S20 and power change amount S21 are output. Gain linearity calculation section 120 calculates gain linearity S22 based on the amount of power adjustment and the amount of power change, and transmits it to control section 131. Thus, step ST24 process in
Control section 131 calculates the amount of power adjustment, based on gain linearity S22 that is input from gain linearity calculation section 120. Thus, step ST25 process in
(3-2) Configuration example 2
Power adjustment amount compensation section 143 receives as input gain linearity S22 from gain linearity calculation section 120, at the same time, receives as input power adjustment amount S20 from control section 141, adjusts power adjustment amount S20 based on them, and outputs corrected power adjustment amount S23 to control section 141. This process equals step ST25 process in
Control section 141 generates a read address of LUT 142 based on corrected power adjustment amount S23, and retrieves a scaling coefficient from LUT 142. This process equals step ST26 process in
(3-3) Configuration example 3
Control section 151 receives as input the output of ADC 109 and transmission power control signal. Control section 151 generates a read address of LUT 152 based on the output of ADC 109 and a transmission power control signal, and outputs it to LUT 152. A scaling coefficient corresponding to a read address is read from LUT 152, and this scaling coefficient is transmitted to control section 151.
From control section 151 to threshold decision section 153, power adjustment amount S20 and power change amount S21 are output. Threshold decision section 153 calculates an error of power change amount S21 from power adjustment amount S20, based on power adjustment amount S20 and power change amount S21, and compares this error against threshold decision. Threshold decision section 153 compares the absolute value of the error with a predetermined threshold, and outputs this comparison result. In an example of
In LUT 154, a compensation coefficient corresponding to each error information is stored, and a compensation coefficient according to error information is output to power adjustment amount compensation section 155. Specifically, LUT 154 outputs the first compensation coefficient when receiving as input the error information that the absolute value of an error is greater than the threshold and the error is positive, outputs the second compensation coefficient when receiving as input error information that the absolute value of an error is greater than the threshold and the error is negative, and outputs 1 (that is, an error is small, so that compensation is not performed) when receiving as input error information that the absolute value of an error is lower than the threshold. Here, it is determined as 0<first compensation coefficient<1<second compensation coefficient.
Power adjustment amount compensation section 155 receives as input power adjustment amount S20 and a compensation coefficient, calculates corrected power adjustment amount S23 by multiplying power adjustment amount S20 by a compensation coefficient, and outputs the result to control section 151. Control section 151 generates a read address of LUT 152 based on corrected power adjustment amount S23, and retrieves a scaling coefficient from LUT 152. This process equals step ST26 process in
Although this example uses one threshold but is not limited to this, it is equally possible to use a plurality of thresholds and to have a plurality of compensation coefficients corresponding to those thresholds. Therefore, as the error of power change amount S21 from power adjustment amount S20 becomes larger, power adjustment amount S21 is corrected more by power adjustment amount compensation section 155. Also, by providing finer thresholds, it is possible to use more accurate compensation coefficient, so that compensation of power adjustment amount S21 can be performed precisely.
[4] Conclusion
As mentioned above, the transmission power control method of the present embodiment includes providing the power setting value of mode to switch to, such that an inter-mode output power error is canceled (equal to step ST21), calculating an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value of mode to switch to (equal to step ST23), calculating the value of gain linearity based on the power setting value of mode to switch to and the above mentioned an intra-mode output power error (equal to step ST24), and resetting the power setting value of mode to switch to (equal to steps ST25 and 26).
Transmission power control method of the present embodiment may be paraphrased as below. Thus, the transmission power control method of the present embodiment includes a step (equal to steps ST1 and 2) that sets the first power setting value that is the power measurement value of mode before switching and measures the first power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of a power amplifier when that first power setting value is set; a step (equal to steps ST3 and 4) that sets the second power setting value that is the power measurement value of mode to switch to and measures the second power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of a power amplifier when that second power setting value is set; a step (equal to step ST5) that calculates an inter-mode output power error based on the first and the second power measurement value; a step (equal to steps ST21 and 22) that sets the third power setting value that is a value to cancel the above mentioned inter-mode output power error and measures the third power measurement value that is the output power measurement value of a power amplifier when that third power setting value is set; a step (equal to step ST23) that calculates an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value of mode to switch to based on the above mentioned second and the third power setting value and the above mentioned second and the third power measurement value; a step (equal to step ST24) that calculates the gain linearity value based on the above mentioned second and the third power setting value and an intra-mode output power error; and step (equal to steps ST25 and 26) that sets the fourth power setting value based on the target power, the above mentioned intra-mode output power error, and the above mentioned gain linearity value.
According to a transmission power control method and apparatus of the present embodiment, it is possible to precisely adjust the output power to the target power, even when, by resetting a power setting value that cancels an output power error due to drift of intra-mode gain linearity of mode to switch to, after setting the power setting value that cancels an inter-mode output power error, an inter-mode output power error from the power setting value, and an intra-mode output power error from the power setting value is produced in a complex manner.
Although the above embodiments have explained a case where the present invention is applied to transmission apparatus 100 which performs a polar modulation, the applicability of the present invention is not limited to this. Thus, the above embodiments have explained a case where an amplitude component signal for which amplitude control has been performed is input to a power supply signal input port of PA 103 and at the same time a phase-modulated signal is input to a signal input port of PA 103, but is not limited to this. For example, as a quadrature modulation, even if a DC voltage (constant voltage) is supplied to a power supply signal input port of PA 103 and at the same time a signal that is performed a linear modulation is input to a signal input port of PA 103, the same advantage result can be achieved as the above.
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-280183, filed on Dec. 10, 2009, including the specification, drawings and abstract, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
When having a control process to switch power amplifier mode between compressed mode and uncompressed mode, a transmission power control method and apparatus of the present invention have an effect of enabling accurate adjustment of output power of power amplifier to the target power, and are suitable to use for a portable radio device.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-280183 | Dec 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/006778 | 11/18/2010 | WO | 00 | 8/5/2011 |
