Patent Grant
7577182
The present invention relates to a transmitter apparatus, which is suitable for transmitting multiple synchronized signals in such a way to be efficiently separated from one another at a receiving side, receiver apparatus, transmission method, and a program that causes a computer to execute these.
Conventionally, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) are proposed as a technique for transmitting multiple signals efficiently.
In CDMA, a transmitting side superimposes different spreading codes on multiple signals and adds them, and transmits a result. A receiving side obtains a correlation between each allocated spreading code and a received signal as being shifted to use a high correlation point as a synchronizing point, and superimposes the spreading codes based on the synchronizing point to restore a signal addressing to the receiving side itself.
In WCDMA that is the most simplest and is currently used in Japan, the transmitting side has two channels, which superimpose different spreading codes on multiple signals and adds them, allocates each of outputs of these systems to an I-channel and a Q-channel, which are different in phase by 90°, and transmits them. Then, these multiple signals are generally synchronized with one another.
Moreover, the document shown below describes the technique of asynchronous user CDMA, and asserts that an amount of interference noise in asynchronous user CDMA is small as compared with synchronous user CDMA.
[Non-patent document 1] M. B. Pursely, Performance Evaluation for Phased-Coded Spread-Spectrum Multiple-Access Communication Part 1: System Analysis, IEEE Trans-Communications, Vol. 25 (1977), pp. 795-799
However, a more excellent technique has been strongly desired that transmits multiple synchronized signals efficiently, facilitates the separation thereof at a receiving side to reduce a bit error rate.
It is an object of the present invention is to provide a transmitter apparatus, which is suitable for transmitting multiple synchronized signals in such a way to be efficiently separated from one another at a receiving side, receiver apparatus, transmission method, and a program that causes a computer to execute these.
In order to attain the above object, the following invention is disclosed according to the principle of the present invention.
A transmitter apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention includes an input receiving section, an asynchronizing section, a modulating section, and a transmitting section, and is configured as follows.
Namely, the input receiving section receives inputs of multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN.
While, the asynchronizing section delays the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN by time t1, . . . , tN to output multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN.
Moreover, the modulating section modulates the output multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN to output modulated signals w1, . . . , wL(1≦L≦N).
Then, the transmitting section transmits the output modulated signals w1, . . . , wL.
Herein, the delay time t1, . . . , tN is shorter than a reciprocal number of a minimum value of clock rates of the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN.
Furthermore, the transmitter apparatus of the present invention further includes a storing section, the storing section stores the delay time t1, . . . , tN in advance, and the asynchronizing section can be configured to delay the respective multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN by the time t1, . . . , tN stored in the storing section.
Moreover, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, the modulating section can be structured to classify the asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN into L(L≦N) signal groups to send the respective classified L signal groups to any one of L spread spectrum modulators not to be overlapped with one another to output the modulated signals w1, . . . , vL.
Furthermore, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, the transmitting section can be configured to radio-transmit the respective modulated signals w1, . . . , wL by L radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency.
Moreover, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, the transmitting section can be configured to send the modulated signals w1, . . . , wL to an I-channel and a Q-channel of each of L/2 radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency not to be overlapped with one another to radio-transmit the respective obtained transmitting signals.
Furthermore, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, L=2 can be configured to be established.
Moreover, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, delay time t1, . . . , tN can be configured to proportional to u1, . . . , uN. that is determined by the following equation by a prestored integer value a and a predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field:
u1=a;
uj+1=f(uj)(1≦j<N).
Furthermore, the prestored value a can be configured to be updated to a=f(uN) every time when predetermined time passes, and thereby the delay time t1, . . . , tN is updated.
Moreover, in the transmitter apparatus of the present invention, the predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field can be configured to correspond to any one of the following (a) to (e):
(a) transformation using a Chebyshev polynomial of second or more degree,
(b) transformation using Bernoulli mapping,
(c) transformation f(x)=2x2−px+q (mod 2w) defined using integers p, q (p mod 4 =1, 0≦q≦2w−1),
(d) transformation using a remainder obtained by dividing any one of transformation results of (a) to (c) by a predetermined integer, and
(e) transformation that is the same form as any one of the above (a) to (d) by a linear coordinate transformation.
A receiving apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention includes a receiving section, a delaying section, a demodulating section, and an outputting section, and is configured as follows.
Namely, the receiving section receives multiple signals as a1, . . . , aL(1≦L).
While, the delaying section delays the respective multiple received signals a1, . . . , aL by time T−t1, . . . , T−tN(L≦N) where T is predetermined constant time without being overlapped with one another to output multiple intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN.
Moreover, the demodulating section demodulates the multiple output intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN to output demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN.
Then, the outputting section outputs the multiple output demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN as multiple transmitted synchronized signals.
Furthermore, the receiver apparatus of the present invention further includes a storing section, and can be configured as follows.
Namely, the storing section stores the predetermined constant time T and time t1, . . . , tN in advance.
While, the delaying section obtains delay time of the respective multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN from time stored in the storing section and delays the synchronized signals by the time T−t1, . . . , T−tN.
Moreover, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the delaying section can be configured to classify the delay time T−t1, . . . , T−tN into L delay time groups to use the respective classified L delay time groups not to be overlapped with the received signals a1, . . . , aL to output the intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN.
Furthermore, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the receiving section can be configured to obtain the respective received signals a1, . . . , aL from L radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency.
Moreover, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the receiving section can be configured to obtain the received signals a1, . . . , aL from I-channels and Q-channels of each of L/2 radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency not to be overlapped with one another.
Furthermore, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, L=2 can be configured to be established.
Moreover, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the time t1, . . . , tN can be configured to be proportional to u1, . . . , uN. that is determined by the following equation by a prestored integer value a and a predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field:
u1=a;
uj+1=f(uj)(1≦j<N).
Furthermore, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the prestored value a can be configured to be updated to a=f(uN) every time when predetermined time passes, and thereby the delay time t1 . . . , tN is updated.
Moreover, in the receiving apparatus of the present invention, the predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field can be configured to correspond to any one of the following (a) to (e):
(a) transformation using a Chebyshev polynomial of second or more degree,
(b) transformation using Bernoulli mapping,
(c) transformation f(x)=2x2−px+q(mod 2w) defined using integers p, q (p mod 4=1, 0≦q≦2w−1),
(d) transformation using a remainder obtained by dividing any one of transformation results of (a) to (c) by a predetermined integer, and
(e) transformation that is the same form as any one of the above (a) to (d) by a linear coordinate transformation.
A transmission method according to still another aspect of the present invention includes an input receiving step, an asynchronizing step, a modulating step, and a transmitting step, and is configured as follows:
Namely, in the input receiving step, inputs of multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN are received.
While, in the asynchronizing step, the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN are delayed by time t1, . . . , tN to output multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN.
Moreover, in the modulating step, the output multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN are modulated to output modulated signals w1, . . . , wL(1≦L≦N).
Then, in the transmitting step, the output modulated signals w1, . . . , wL are transmitted.
While, the delay time t1, . . . , tN is shorter than a reciprocal number of a minimum value of clock rates of the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN.
Moreover, in the transmission method of the present invention, a storing section that stores the delay time t1, . . . , tN in advance is used; and the respective multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN can be configured to be delayed by the time t1, . . . , tN stored in the storing section in the asynchronizing step.
Furthermore, in the transmission method of the present invention, the asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN are classified into L(L≦N) signal groups and the respective classified L signal groups can be configured to be sent to any one of L spread spectrum modulators not to be overlapped with one another to output the modulated signals w1, . . . , wL in the modulating step.
Moreover, in the transmission method of the present invention, the respective modulated signals w1, . . . , wL can be configured to be radio-transmitted by L radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency in the transmitting step.
Furthermore, in the transmission method of the present invention, the modulated signals w1, . . . , wL can be configured to be sent to I-channels and Q-channels of each of L/2 radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency not to be overlapped with one another to radio-transmit each of the obtained transmitting signals in the transmitting step.
Moreover, in the transmission method of the present invention, L=2 can be configured to be established.
Furthermore, in the transmission method of the present invention, delay time t1, . . . , tN can be configured to be proportional to u1, . . . , uN. that is determined by the following equation by a prestored integer value a and a predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field:
u1=a;
uj+1=f(uj)(1≦j<N).
Moreover, in the transmission method of the present invention, the prestored value a can be configured to be updated to a=f(uN) every time when predetermined time passes, and thereby delay time t1, . . . , tN is updated.
Furthermore, in the transmission method of the present invention, the predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field can be configured to correspond to any one of the following (a) to (e):
(a) transformation using a Chebyshev polynomial of second or more degree,
(b) transformation using Bernoulli mapping,
(c) transformation f(x)=2x2−px+q(mod 2w) defined using integers p, q (p mod 4=1, 0≦q≦2w−1),
(d) transformation using a remainder obtained by dividing any one of transformation results of (a) to (c) by a predetermined integer, and
(e) transformation that is the same form as any one of the above (a) to (d) by a linear coordinate transformation.
A reception method according to still another aspect of the present invention includes a receiving step, a delaying step, a demodulating step, and an outputting step, and is configured as follows.
Namely, in the receiving step, multiple signals are received as a1, . . . , aL (1≦L).
While, in the delaying step, the respective multiple received signals a1, . . . , aL are delayed by time T−t1, . . . , T−tN (L≦N) where T is predetermined constant time without being overlapped with one another to output multiple intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN.
Moreover, in the demodulating step, the multiple output intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN are demodulated to output demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN.
Then, in the outputting step, the multiple output demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN are output as multiple transmitted synchronized signals.
Furthermore, in the reception of the present invention, a storing section that stores the predetermined constant time T and time t1, . . . , tN in advance is used; and delay time of the respective multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN is obtained from time stored in the storing section and the synchronized signals can be configured to be delayed by time T−t1, . . . , T−tN in the delaying step.
Moreover, in the reception of the present invention, the delay time T−t1, . . . , T−tN are classified into L delay time groups, and the respective classified L delay time groups can be configured to be used not to be overlapped with the received signal a1, . . . , aL to output the intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN in the delaying step.
Furthermore, in the reception of the present invention, the respective received signals a1, . . . , aL can be configured to be obtained from L radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency in the receiving step.
Moreover, in the reception of the present invention, the received signals a1, . . . , aL can be configured to be obtained from I-channels and Q-channels of each of L/2 radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency not to be overlapped with one another in the receiving step.
Furthermore, in the reception of the present invention, L=2 can be configured to be established.
Moreover, time t1, . . . , tN can be configured to be proportional to u1, . . . , uN. that is determined by the following equation by a prestored integer value a and a predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field:
u1=a;
uj+1=f(uj)(1≦j<N).
Furthermore, the prestored value a can be configured to be updated to a=f(uN) every time when predetermined time passes, and thereby the delay time t1, . . . , tN is updated.
Moreover, the predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field can be configured to correspond to any one of the following (a) to (e):
(a) transformation using a Chebyshev polynomial of second or more degree,
(b) transformation using Bernoulli mapping,
(c) transformation f(x)=2x2−px+q(mod 2w) defined using integers p, q (p mod 4=1, 0≦q≦2w−1),
(d) transformation using a remainder obtained by dividing any one of transformation results of (a) to (c) by a predetermined integer, and
(e) transformation that is the same form as any one of the above (a) to (d) by a linear coordinate transformation.
A program according to still another aspect of the present invention causes a computer (including FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit)) to function as the transmitter apparatus or receiver apparatus, and causes the computer to execute the transmission method or the reception method.
The program can be recorded on a computer-readable information storage medium such as a compact disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magneto-optical disk, a digital video disk, a magnetic disk, a semiconductor memory.
The program can be distributed and sold via a computer network independently of the radio communication terminal by the program is executed.
The following will explain embodiments of the present invention. Various embodiments and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broad spirit and scope of the invention. The embodiments described below are intended to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is shown by the attached claims rather than the embodiments. Various modifications made within the meaning of an equivalent of the claims of the invention and within the claims are to be regarded to be in the scope of the present invention.
(Embodiment of Transmitter Apparatus)
A transmitter apparatus 101 includes an input receiving section 102, an asynchronizing section 103, a modulating section 104, a transmitting section 105, a storing section 106, and a calculating section 107.
First of all, the input receiving section 102 receives inputs of multiple synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN. This figure indicates a case of N=8. These synchronized signals correspond to the following signals.
(1) signals to be transmitted to the respective multiple mobile terminals in a cell of a certain base station from the base station; and
(2) signals of various data such as speech, image, and signals of control data to be transmitted to mobile stations in multi-channel CDMA and multi-channel WCDMA.
Then, the asynchronizing section 103 outputs multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN that are obtained by delaying the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN by time t1, . . . , tN.
It is herein assumed that delay time t1, . . . , tN is shorter than a reciprocal number (hereinafter referred to as W) of a minimum value of clock rates of the multiple input received synchronized signals r1, . . . , rN.
In the present embodiment herein, delay time t1, . . . , tN is prestored in the storing section 106. Moreover, the calculating section 107 performs the following calculation based on a recurrence formula using an integer a prestored in the storing section 106, a predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field, a predetermined proportional coefficient c, thereby delay time t1, . . . , tN may be fixed to be proportional to obtained u1, . . . , uN.
u1=a;
uj+1=f(uj)(1≦j<N)
Moreover, the calculating section 107 may update the integral value stored in the storing section 106 to a=f(uN) every time when predetermined time passes, and recalculate delay time t1, . . . , tN according to the update.
For example, when the following equation is given where a constant S, which determines 0<S<W, is predetermined and a maximum value of u1, . . . , uN is set to U, t1, . . . , tN that satisfies the above condition can be obtained.
ti,=S ui/U(1≦i<N)
Now, it can be considered that the predetermined nonlinear transformation f(•) over a finite field includes the following (a) to (e).
(a) Transformation using a Chebyshev polynomial of second or more degree. Namely, a polynomial that is defined by the following equation is used.
F(cos θ)=cos(mθ)(m≧2)
When m=2, the following equation is established:
f(x)=2x2−1
When m=3, the following equation is established:
f(x)=4x3−3×
When 15 m=4, the following equation is established:
f(x)=8x4−8x2+1
(b) Transformation using Bernoulli mapping. Though the Chebyshev polynomial can be used as chaos mapping, the Bernoulli mapping is also one of chaos mapping.
(c) Transformation f(x)=2x2−px+q (mod 2w) defined using integers p, q (p mod 4=1, 0≦q≦2w−1).
(d) Transformation using a remainder obtained by dividing any one of transformation results of (a) to (c) by a predetermined integer. For example, in the case where a calculation is performed using the Chebyshev polynomial by a computer, an expression using a remainder is considered as an integer expression. For instance, there is a form considering 32 bits as accuracy of an integer and only lower 32 bits as used in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; and
(e) Transformation that is the same form as any one of the above (a) to (d) by a linear coordinate transformation.
Thus obtained t1, . . . , tN are random numbers of a certain kind by which synchronization of multiple synchronized signals is disturbed, resulting in multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN.
Accordingly, various kinds of pseudorandom number generation methods may be used to fix t1, . . . , tN. Moreover, there may be used a form in which t1, . . . , tN that are fixed as random numbers are prepared and used repeatedly.
Furthermore, the modulating section 104 modulates output multiple asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN. In the present embodiment, the modulating section 104 includes L spread spectrum modulators 111. The asynchronized signals v1, . . . , vN are classified into L (L≦N) signal groups and the respective classified L signal groups are sent to these spread spectrum modulators 111 not to be overlapped with one another. In this figure, they are classified into two signal groups (L=2) and v1, . . . , v4 are sent to the spread spectrum modulator 111a and v5, . . . , v8 are sent to the spread spectrum modulator 111b, respectively.
Each of the spread spectrum modulators 111 illustrated in this figure superimposes four different spreading codes on the input asynchronized signals and adds them to perform spread spectrum modulation. Additionally, it is desirable that the set of spreading codes used by the spread spectrum modulators 111 be not overlapped with one another. However, the spread spectrum modulators 111 using the set of same spreading codes and the set of spreading codes, which are partially overlapped with one another, can be applied to the respective signal groups depending on the applied filed.
The modulating section 104 finally outputs modulated signals w1, . . . , wL. In an example illustrated in this figure, since the respective spread spectrum modulators 111 output signals, respectively, w1 and w2 are output.
Then, the transmitting section 105 transmits the output modulated signals w1, . . . , wL. In this figure, w1 and w2 are sent to an I-channel and a Q-channel, which are different in phase by 90°, so that transmission, which is similar to the conventional WCDMA, is performed.
Additionally, as illustrated in the lower portion in this figure, the transmitting section 105 may radio-transmit the respective modulated signals w1, . . . , wL by radio frequency modulators each using a different carrier frequency.
(Embodiment of Receiver Apparatus)
When the signal to be transmitted to one receiving side is any one of ri, the use of general receiver apparatus for CDMA, which obtains correlation to achieve synchronization, can restore ri at the receiving side.
The following will explain an embodiment of the receiving apparatus in which signals required for the receiving side are r1, . . . , rN. Namely, this embodiment shows a case in which the respective signals correspond to a speech signal, an image signal, various kinds of data signals, a control data signal, and one terminal uses these multiple signals. Also, this embodiment can be applied as a mobile station for multi-channel CDMA (CDMA 2000) and multi-channel WCDMA.
A receiver apparatus 201 of this embodiment includes a receiving section 202, a delaying section 203, a demodulating section 204, and an outputting section 205.
The receiving section 202 receives multiple signals as a1, . . . , aL (1≦L). In the transmitter apparatus 101 illustrated in
While, the delaying section 203 outputs multiple intermediate signals p1, . . . , pN that are obtained by delaying the multiple received signals a1, . . . , aL by T−t1, . . . , T−tN (L≦N) where T is a predetermined constant time without being overlapped with one another, respectively. In the example of this figure, a1 is delayed by delay time T−t1, . . . , T−t4 and four signals p1, . . . , p4 are obtained therefrom, and a2 is delayed by delay time T−t5, . . . , T−t8 and four signals p5, . . . , p8 are obtained therefrom.
T may be any constant if it is larger than either delay time. However, numeral values of S and W are preferably used in view of comparison with the transmitter apparatus 101. Time t1 to tN is decided in the same way as the corresponding transmitter apparatus 101. In this figure, the storing section 206 and the calculating section 207 perform the same processing as the storing section 106 and the calculating section 107. In this method, when an initial value a is once shared by the transmitter apparatus 101 and the receiver apparatus 201, the same value can be obtained even if they perform calculation of time ti and afterward independently of each other.
Additionally, such a method may be used where constant T is stored in the storing section 106 and the calculating section 207 calculates T−ti and notifies the result to the delaying section 203.
While, the demodulating section 204 outputs demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN that are obtained by demodulating multiple output signals p1, . . . , pN. In the present embodiment, L spread spectrum demodulators 211 are used in accordance with the transmitter apparatus 101. In this figure, p1 to p4 and p5 to p8 are sent to a spread spectrum demodulator 211a and a spread spectrum demodulator 211b, respectively, and r1 to r4 and r5 to r8 are obtained from the former and the latter, respectively.
The respective spread spectrum demodulators 211 perform demodulation using the corresponding spreading codes in the spreading spectrum modulators 111 of the transmitter apparatus 101.
Then, the outputting section 205 outputs multiple output demodulated signals r1, . . . , rN as multiple transmitted synchronized signals.
(Experiment Result)
Regarding a case of the general WCDMA communication (corresponding to t1=t2=0) when L=N=2 was used a parameter and a case in which the present invention was applied to the WCDMA communication and each channel is asynchronized (t1 and t2 are decided based on the random number), comparison in the bit error rate was performed therebetween by a simulation experiment. The experiment was conducted using 60 kbps, 240 kbps, and 960 kbps according to data rates of the WCDMA standard.
In the graphs, “ASN” indicates a result of the general WCDMA communication and “AAN” indicates the result of the asynchronous channel WDCMA communication according to the present invention. For example, in the case of 60 kbps, when the bit error rate is 0.001, the number of users in the general WCDMA communication is 16, but the number of users in the asynchronous channel WDCMA communication is 20. When it is 0.002, the number of users in the general WCDMA communication is 12, but the number of users in the asynchronous channel WDCMA communication is 16. In this way, the present invention can have a large effect on a reduction in the bit error rate, and shows that the multiple signals can be efficiently separated.
Additionally, according to the aforementioned “Non-patent document 1” there can be obtained the analytical result in which an amount of interference noise in asynchronous user CDMA is small as compared with synchronous user CDMA. However, according to the present embodiment, the synchronized signals are positively asynchronized, so that the same effect can be obtained.
As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transmitter apparatus, which is suitable for transmitting multiple synchronized signals in such a way to be efficiently separated from one another at a receiving side, receiver apparatus, transmission method, and a program that causes a computer to execute these.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-090436 | Mar 2003 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/004254 | 3/26/2004 | WO | 00 | 9/28/2005 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004/088868 | 10/14/2004 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6377611 | Hwang | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6587452 | Davidovici et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6624767 | Shiu et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 20020136277 | Reed et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060215734 A1 | Sep 2006 | US |
