Patent Application
20180241439
The present invention generally relates to a system, a transmitter and a receiver for transmitting a logical Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) signal wirelessly.
DALI, which stands for Digital Addressable Lighting Interface, is a global standard for lighting control communications. It supports many types of lamps, control sensors and control devices. In general, DALI signals are used by control devices to control DALI hardware, also referred to as control gear. Moreover, DALI is applicable to a wide variety of lighting applications. DALI provides in the control, configuration and monitoring of devices. For example, DALI can be used with dimmable drivers, presence and daylight sensors to dim lamps when they are redundant hereby enabling energy savings.
Conventionally, DALI signals are transmitted over wires. However, state of the art lighting systems tend to rely more and more on wireless control and the flexibility this brings. Therefore, there is a wireless extension for DALI that enables the transmission of DALI over radio frequencies.
In outdoor environments, it is necessary to shield luminaires from the environment. Additionally, it might be desirable to have a modular design in an outside lighting device for easy replacement of parts of the lighting device or for the addition of features to the lighting devices. An example of such a lighting device is shown in patent application CN 103867971. A disadvantage of the device in the patent application is the processing power needed to transmit the wireless DALI signal. The present invention addresses this problem.
It is an object of the invention to provide a system, a transceiver and a receiver for transmitting a logical Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) signal wirelessly.
According to a first aspect of the invention the object is achieved by a system for transmitting a logical Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) signal wirelessly, comprising a transmitter (300) and a receiver (302), the transmitter (300) comprising a first coil (310) inductively coupled to a second coil (314); and a first conversion module (306) arranged to receive a logical DALI signal, said first conversion module comprising a first amplifier (307) arranged to amplify the logical DALI signal so as to generate a drive current for the first coil (310) to generate an induction signal in the second coil (314); the receiver (302) comprising the second coil (314) inductively coupled to the first coil (310) arranged to receive the induction signal; a second conversion module (318) coupled to the second coil (314) arranged to convert the received induction signal into a reconstructed logical DALI signal, which second conversion module (318) comprises a bit reconstruction module (309) arranged to convert the induction signal into the reconstructed logical DALI signal.
The system is advantageous as it does not need processing power to transmit a wireless DALI signal. This makes it easier and cheaper to fabricate wireless DALI devices. The inventor has realized that the DALI signal, due to its low frequency and the fact that it uses Manchester encoding (which ensures an alternating current), can be transmitted directly from one coil to another coil using electromagnetic induction. This substantially reduces the processing requirements compared to CN 103867971.
In an embodiment of the system, the receiver is coupled to DALI hardware for processing DALI signals and the receiver is configured to drive the DALI hardware using the reconstructed logical DALI signal.
It is advantageous to use the transmitted DALI signal to control DALI hardware. Controlling hardware based on a DALI signal transmitted over coils allows the control over shielded systems as shown in patent application CN 103867971. What is not mentioned in said patent application is that this also allows a modular design. Extra features can be added to a lighting device. For example, instead of only being able to turn a lamp on and off a dimmable feature may be introduced. Also, sensors can control the DALI hardware via such a modular design. This allows a user to add extra features to a basic product.
In an embodiment of the system the second conversion module further comprises a noise filtering module configured to filter noise from the induction signal and transmit a filtered signal to the bit reconstruction module.
Depending on the quality of the coils and the quality of their installment, the signal might be very clear or quite noisy. In the latter case, it is advantageous to filter the noise such that a clean signal is sent to the bit reconstruction module.
In an embodiment of the system the second conversion module further comprises a second amplifier configured to amplify the induction signal and transmit an amplified induction signal to the noise filtering module.
When the coils are placed at a large distance from each other, the housing protecting the coils is very thick or when the drive current is rather low it is it advantageous to amplify the received induction signal before sending it to the noise filtering module. In this way, the noise can be filtered out more easily such that the performance of the system will increase.
In an embodiment of the system the transmitter is configured to transmit a logical DALI signal a plurality of times.
DALI contains no parity check or other form of checksum to check whether data is properly received. Therefore, it is recommended to send logical DALI signal a plurality of time for verification. The signal can be sent periodically for example once every second. Additionally, this will prevent missing frames. Preferably, the periodic transmissions are independent of the state of the DALI hardware controlled by the logical DALI signal.
In an embodiment of the system the noise filtering module comprises a band pass filter.
In an embodiment of the system the noise filtering module comprises a low-pass filter.
As the transport is a pure analogue connection, there is no need for re-timing of the bits. Only compensation for the level and correcting for filtering of the channel by reconstructing the edges of the bits is necessary. Therefore, it is advantageous to have a low-pass filter or band pass filter.
In an embodiment of the system the bit reconstruction module is configured to use a voltage threshold value to determine a bit sequence of the reconstructed DALI signal from a received signal.
In Manchester encoding, used for the DALI signal, a bit is characterized by a rising or falling edge. Therefore, it is advantageous to use a voltage threshold value to determine the bit sequence from the received signal.
In an embodiment of the system the bit reconstruction module is configured to detect rising and falling edges in the received signal and to use these edges to determine a bit length and wherein the bit reconstruction module is configured to implement corrections to obtain correct and equal bit-lengths.
In Manchester encoding, used for the DALI signal, a bit is characterized by a rising or falling edge. The time difference between the falling or rising edges is fixed. Therefore, it is advantageous to use this information to correct for the timing of the bits.
In an embodiment of the system wherein the receiver (302) is placed in a luminaire comprising a light generation module (708), a driver for controlling the light generation module and a power supply for powering the light generation module, the driver and the receiver, wherein the receiver (302) is configured to send the reconstructed logical DALI signal to the driver, and wherein the driver is configured to control the light generation module based on the reconstructed logical DALI signal sent by the receiver and wherein the transmitter is placed in an add-on module inductively coupled to the luminaire for powering the transmitter.
DALI is meant to control lighting devices therefore it is advantageous to use the system in combination with luminaires. Note that the power supply is the device delivering the power to the light generation module but does not have to be the origin of the power. The power supply device can for example be a coil inductively coupled to another coil from which it receives the power is delivers to the light generation module.
According to a second aspect of the invention the object is achieved by a transmitter comprising:
a first coil (310) arranged to be inductively coupled to a second coil (314); and
a first conversion module (306) arranged to receive a logical DALI signal, said first conversion module comprising a first amplifier (307) arranged to amplify the logical DALI signal so as to generate a drive current for the first coil (310) to generate an induction signal in the second coil.
In an embodiment of the transmitter, the transmitter is configured to transmit a logical DALI signal a plurality of times.
According to a third aspect of the invention the object is achieved by a receiver comprising:
a second coil (314) arranged to be inductively coupled to a first coil that is arranged to transmit a logical Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) signal by generating an induction signal in the second coil (314);
a second conversion module (318) coupled to the second coil arranged to convert the received induction signal into a reconstructed logical DALI signal, which second conversion module comprises a bit reconstruction module (309) arranged to convert the induction signal into the reconstructed logical DALI signal.
In an embodiment of the receiver, the second conversion module further comprises a noise filtering module configured to filter noise from the induction signal and transmit a filtered signal to the bit reconstruction module.
In an embodiment of the receiver, the second conversion module further comprises a second amplifier configured to amplify the induction signal and transmit an amplified induction signal to the noise filtering module.
The above, as well as additional objects, features and advantages of the disclosed system, transmitter and receiver, will be better understood through the following illustrative and non-limiting detailed description of embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings
All the figures are schematic, not necessarily to scale, and generally only show parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, wherein other parts may be omitted or merely suggested.
DALI is a global standard for lighting control communications. DALI signals are signals used to transmit DALI data from a control device to control gear. Examples of control gear are luminaires, sensors and dimmers. In this patent application, the logical DALI signal is defined as the signal sent to communicate between the control device and the control gear. Forward frames of the logical DALI signal, sent by the control device to the control gear, are shown in
The DALI data is sent by logical DALI signals that are encoded using Manchester encoding. Manchester encoding, as shown in
For logical DALI signals, the bit-time 104 is referred to as 2 Te in DALI and is 833.33 μs±10%. Every Te (half-bit time) thus lies within the range 374.99 μs to 483.33 μs. The low level in the logical DALI signal is defined as 0±4.5V and the high level is defined as 16±6.5V. The maximum current, for one device receiving a logical DALI signal, is defined as 2 mA.
A forward frame 106, shown in
A backward frame 118, shown in
Both the forward frame and the backward frame send the most significant bit first. The time between forward frames is at least 22 Te. The time between a forward frame and a backward frame is larger than 7 Te and smaller than 22 Te and the time between a backward frame and a forward frame is at least 22 Te.
It is advantageous in outdoor applications to send DALI signals using inductively coupled coils. In this way the control device and controlled gear can be separated from each other which allows a modular design and allows easy replacement of either the control device or the controlled gear.
In patent application CN 103867971 such a system is described.
The first and second processing unit make the receiver and transmitter expensive and complicated to make which is not convenient for a modular design or easily replaceable control gear. The present invention addresses this problem as the logical DALI signal sent by the control gear is not processed but only amplified to use as input to the coil directly.
The invention makes use of the inventive realization that due to the fact that a logical DALI signal, due to its Manchester encoding, always comprises an alternating current and that due to the frequency of the logical DALI signal, the logical DALI signal can be transmitted directly over a coil-based inductive link.
The invention, as shown in
The drive current 308 is sent to the first coil 310 which is inductively coupled 312 to a second coil 314 and generates an induction signal 316 in the second coil. The induction signal is the induction current generated in the second coil. The induction signal is sent to a second conversion module 318 that converts the induction signal into a reconstructed DALI signal 320 that can be used to control the control gear, the DALI hardware 322.
The second conversion module 318 comprises bit reconstruction module 309 that will take care of aligning the received induction current with the DALI specification. Depending on the received current this can mean reducing or increasing either the current or the voltage. DALI timing has considerable tolerance such that it is not always necessary to correct the timing in the bit reconstruction module. Therefore, the bit reconstruction module will generally only comprise simple electronics.
An embodiment of the system is shown in
In general, when filtering, the DALI signal needs to be retained. Therefore, it is good to only filter frequencies that are at least a factor of two higher than from the DALI working frequencies. A low-pass filter that has its −3 dB point at 8 kHz is suitable. Especially, in combination with a high pas filter that has its −3 dB point at 500 Hz. This can also be achieved by using a band-pass filter.
The filters can be implemented by, but are not limited to, RC filters, LC filters, Op-amp based filters, Chebyshev filters, Bessel filters, Butterworth filters or Elliptic filters.
A further embodiment of the system is shown in
The bit reconstruction module 401 can be implemented using a voltage threshold value to determine the bit sequence of the reconstructed DALI signal. Every time the signal passes this threshold value the bit reconstruction module knows there should be a rising or falling edge. In another implementation the bit reconstruction module is configured to detect rising and falling edges. As these edges determine the bit length, the bit reconstruction module can use these edges to correct the timing of the reconstructed signal. Additionally, as the low and high levels are captured in the DALI specification it can configure the low and high level. The bit reconstruction can for example be implemented by using a basic hysteric comparator. Due to filter choices and coil paths there could be a difference in the up-going and down-going curves therefore the hysteric points or threshold values need to be selected such that the reconstructed bits have the correct bit-time. The bit reconstruction module can also be implemented by oversampling the received signal and reconstructing the signal based on the samples of the received signal and the requirements a DALI signal has to fulfill.
An exemplary embodiment of the system is an outdoor luminaire 700 as shown in
This sensor module can generate the DALI control signal which is sent to the luminaire, the control gear in this case. The receiver will then be placed in a luminaire that comprises a driver for controlling a light generation module and a power supply for powering the light generation module. The receiver will send the logical DALI signal to the driver which will control the light generation module based on the logical DALI signal sent by the receiver and generated by the sensor.
It is important that the housing of the coils is made from a material that does not block electromagnetic radiation such that good inductive coupling between the first and second coil is possible. Plastics are a good example of such products. Also, a window, at least the size of the coil of a material that does not block electromagnetic radiation could be used.
The transmitter and receiver could be housed in an electromagnetic radiation blocking housing such as a housing made out of aluminum or other metals. This is advantageous as a Faraday-cage is created that will limit noise levels.
A sticker type coil as shown in
It is also possible to use the present invention to provide communication between the control gear and the control device. In that case, the control gear and the control device both need the elements of the transmitter and the receiver. This is schematically shown in
In
The term “luminaire” is used herein to refer to an implementation or arrangement of one or more light emitters in a particular form factor, assembly, or package. The term “light generation module” is used herein to refer to an apparatus including one or more light sources of same or different types. A given light generation module may have any one of a variety of mounting arrangements for the light source(s), enclosure/housing arrangements and shapes, and/or electrical and mechanical connection configurations. Additionally, a given light generation module optionally may be associated with (e.g., include, be coupled to and/or packaged together with) various other components (e.g., control circuitry) relating to the operation of the light source(s).
The term “light generation module” should be understood to refer to any one or more of a variety of radiation sources, including, but not limited to, LED-based sources (including one or more LEDs as defined below), fluorescent sources, phosphorescent sources, high-intensity discharge sources (e.g., sodium vapor, mercury vapor, and metal halide lamps), lasers, other types of electroluminescent sources, pyro-luminescent sources, luminescent polymers, capable of emitting a light source unique signature such as, but not limited to, spectral and temporal signatures.
It should also be understood that the term LED does not limit the physical and/or electrical package type of an LED. For example, as discussed above, an LED may refer to a single light emitting device having multiple dies that are configured to respectively emit different spectra of radiation (e.g., that may or may not be individually controllable). Also, an LED may be associated with a phosphor that is considered as an integral part of the LED (e.g., some types of white LEDs). In general, the term LED may refer to packaged LEDs, non-packaged LEDs, surface mount LEDs, chip-on-board LEDs, T-package mount LEDs, radial package LEDs, power package LEDs, LEDs including some type of encasement and/or optical element (e.g., a diffusing lens), etc.
A given light generation module may be configured to generate electromagnetic radiation within the visible spectrum, outside the visible spectrum, or a combination of both. Hence, the terms “light” and “radiation” are used interchangeably herein. Additionally, a light emitting module may include as an integral component one or more filters (e.g., color filters), lenses, or other optical components. Also, it should be understood that light emitting modules may be configured for a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, indication, display, and/or illumination.
It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. It should also be appreciated that terminology explicitly employed herein that also may appear in any disclosure incorporated by reference should be accorded a meaning most consistent with the particular concepts disclosed herein.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15181675.8 | Aug 2015 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/069516 | 8/17/2016 | WO | 00 |
