Patent Application
20170211019
The present invention relates to treatment compositions and processes of making and using same.
Treatment compositions, such as fabric treatments, typically comprise benefit agents such as silicones, fabric softeners, perfumes and perfume microcapsules. Generally there are trade-offs associated with using multiple benefit agents in one treatment composition. Such trade-offs include instability, as well as the loss or reduction of one or more of the benefit agents' benefits. A reduction in one of the benefit agent's level can improve the performance of another benefit agent, yet the performance of the benefit agent that is being reduced suffers. In an effort to solve this dilemma, industry has turned to polymers. Current polymers systems can improve a treatment composition's stability but such improvement in stability comes with a decrease in encapsulated benefit agent deposition and a decreased encapsulated benefit agent release profile.
Applicants recognized that the traditional polymer system architecture was the source of the stability, deposition and release problems. In particular, Applicants recognized that traditional polymer systems did not contribute to the overall freshness benefit that was desired. Applicants discovered that, for fabric enhancers, in particular low pH fabric enhancers, when coupled with the judicious selection of at least two polymers, one with high cross-linking and one with low cross-linking, the softener active level could be reduced to improve the composition's encapsulated benefit agent's deposition and release profile effectiveness, yet the perceived performance of softener active was surprisingly maintained. While not being bound by theory, Applicants believe that the proper selection of such polymers provides an increase in encapsulated benefit agent efficiency and/or friction reduction which is interpreted by consumers as a fresher fabric having a softer and more preferred feel.
The present invention relates to treatment compositions containing polymer systems that provide stability and benefit agent deposition as well as methods of making and using same. Such treatment compositions may be used for example as through the wash and/or through the rinse fabric enhancers as well as unit dose treatment compositions.
As used herein, the term “fabric and home care product” is a subset of cleaning and treatment compositions that includes, unless otherwise indicated, granular or powder-form all-purpose or “heavy-duty” washing agents, especially cleaning detergents; liquid, gel or paste-form all-purpose washing agents, especially the so-called heavy-duty liquid types; liquid fine-fabric detergents; hand dishwashing agents or light duty dishwashing agents, especially those of the high-foaming type; machine dishwashing agents, including the various tablet, granular, liquid and rinse-aid types for household and institutional use; liquid cleaning and disinfecting agents, including antibacterial hand-wash types, cleaning bars, car or carpet shampoos, bathroom cleaners including toilet bowl cleaners; and metal cleaners, fabric conditioning products including softening and/or freshening that may be in liquid, solid and/or dryer sheet form; as well as cleaning auxiliaries such as bleach additives and “stain-stick” or pre-treat types, substrate-laden products such as dryer added sheets, dry and wetted wipes and pads, nonwoven substrates, and sponges; as well as sprays and mists. All of such products which are applicable may be in standard, concentrated or even highly concentrated form even to the extent that such products may in certain aspect be non-aqueous.
As used herein “Polymer 1” is synonymous with “first polymer” and “Polymer 2” is synonymous with “second polymer”.
As used herein, the term “situs” includes paper products, fabrics, garments and hard surfaces.
As used herein, articles such as “a”, “an”, and “the” when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active level of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources.
All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
A composition comprising, based upon total composition weight:
In one aspect of said composition, said fabric softener active material comprises an esterquat fabric softener active with less than 20% of a triesterquat and less than 10% of a monoesterquat based on total esterquat, in which the iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the alkyl or, alkenyl chains are derived being higher than 7.
In one aspect of said composition, said fabric softener active material comprises an esterquat fabric softener active with less than 30% of a triesterquat and less than 10% of a monoesterquat based on total esterquat, in which the iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the alkyl or, alkenyl chains are derived being higher than 8.
In one aspect, the perfume microcapsules have shells made from any material in any size, shape, and configuration known in the art. Some or all of the shells may include a polyacrylate material, such as a polyacrylate random copolymer. For example, the polyacrylate random copolymer may have a total polyacrylate mass, which includes ingredients selected from the group including: amine content of 0.2-2.0% of total polyacrylate mass; carboxylic acid of 0.6-6.0% of total polyacrylate mass; and a combination of amine content of 0.1-1.0% and carboxylic acid of 0.3-3.0% of total polyacrylate mass. When a perfume microcapsule's shell includes a polyacrylate material, and the shell has an overall mass, the polyacrylate material may form 5-100% of the overall mass, or any integer value for percentage in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for percentage. As examples, the polyacrylate material may form at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 25%, at least 33%, at least 50%, at least 70%, or at least 90% of the overall mass. Some or all of the perfume microcapsules may have various shell thicknesses. For at least a first group of the provided perfume microcapsules, each perfume microcapsule may have a shell with an overall thickness of 1-300 nanometers, or any integer value for nanometers in this range, or any range formed by any of these values for thickness. As an example, perfume microcapsules may have a shell with an overall thickness of 2-200 nanometers. The perfume microcapsule's shell may comprise a reaction product of a first mixture in the presence of a second mixture comprising an emulsifier, the first mixture comprising a reaction product of i) an oil soluble or dispersible amine with ii) a multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate monomer or oligomer, an oil soluble acid and an initiator, the emulsifier comprising a water soluble or water dispersible acrylic acid alkyl acid copolymer, an alkali or alkali salt, and optionally a water phase initiator. In some examples, said amine is an aminoalkyl acrylate or aminoalkyl methacrylate. The perfume microcapsules may include a core material and a shell surrounding the core material, wherein the shell comprises: a plurality of amine monomers selected from the group consisting of aminoalkyl acrylates, alkyl aminoalkyl acrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl acrylates, aminoalkyl methacrylates, alkylamino aminoalkyl methacrylates, dialkyl aminoalykl methacrylates, tertiarybutyl aminethyl methacrylates, diethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylates, and mixtures thereof; and a plurality of multifunctional monomers or multifunctional oligomers. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers include water-soluble salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl isothionates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl succinamates, alkyl sulfate salts such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl derivatives of protein hydrolyzates, acyl aspartates, alkyl or alkyl ether or alkylaryl ether phosphate esters, sodium dodecyl sulphate, phospholipids or lecithin, or soaps, sodium, potassium or ammonium stearate, oleate or palmitate, alkylarylsulfonic acid salts such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dialkylsulfosuccinates, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dilaurylsulfosuccinate, poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt, isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose sulfate and pectin, poly(styrene sulfonate), isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, gum arabic, carrageenan, sodium alginate, pectic acid, tragacanth gum, almond gum and agar; semi-synthetic polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfated cellulose, sulfated methylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch, phosphated starch, lignin sulfonic acid; and synthetic polymers such as maleic anhydride copolymers (including hydrolyzates thereof), polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, acrylic acid butyl acrylate copolymer or crotonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, vinylbenzenesulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymers and copolymers, and partial amide or partial ester of such polymers and copolymers, carboxymodified polyvinyl alcohol, sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol, phosphated or sulfated tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride (Varisoft PATC™, available from Degussa Evonik, Essen, Germany), distearyl dimonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty amines, aliphatic ammonium halides, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyethyleneimine, poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt, poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(allylamine), poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] quaternized, and poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin-co-ethylenediamine), condensation products of aliphatic amines with alkylene oxide, quaternary ammonium compounds with a long-chain aliphatic radical, e.g. distearyldiammonium chloride, and fatty amines, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides, alkyldimethylethylammonium halides, polyalkylene glycol ether, condensation products of alkyl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, or fatty acids with alkylene oxide, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated arylphenols, ethoxylated polyaryl phenols, carboxylic esters solubilized with a polyol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylamide, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl vinyl ether), and polyvinyl alcohol-co-ethylene), and cocoamidopropyl betaine. Process for making perfume microcapsules are well known. Various processes for microencapsulation, and exemplary methods and materials, are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,990; U.S. Pat. No. 2,730,456; U.S. Pat. No. 2,800,457; U.S. Pat. No. 2,800,458; U.S. Pat. No. 4,552,811; and US 2006/0263518 A1.
In one aspect of said composition, said perfume microcapsule wall material comprises said core comprising, based on total core weight, greater than 20%, preferably from greater than 20% to about 80%, from greater than 20% to about 70%, more preferably from greater than 20% to about 60%, more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, most preferably from about 30% to about 50% of a partitioning modifier that comprises a material selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate and mixtures thereof, preferably said modified vegetable oil is esterified and/or brominated, preferably said vegetable oil comprises castor oil and/or soy bean oil;
In one aspect of said composition, said polymeric material comprises a first polymer and a second polymer, said first polymer being derived from the polymerization of from about 10 to 95 mole percent, preferably 20 mole percent to 90 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from about 5 to 90 mole percent, preferably 10 mole percent to 80 mole percent of a non-ionic vinyl addition monomer, from about 60 ppm to 1,900 ppm, preferably 75 ppm to 1,800 ppm of a cross-linking agent comprising two or more ethylenic functions, from 0 to about 10,000 ppm chain transfer agent, preferably said first polymer has a viscosity slope >3.7; said second polymer being derived from the polymerization of from about 10 to 95 mole percent, preferably 20 mole percent to 90 mole percent of a cationic vinyl addition monomer, from about 5 to 90 mole percent, preferably 10 to 80 mole percent of a non-ionic vinyl addition monomer, from about 0 ppm to 40 ppm, preferably 0 ppm to 20 ppm of a cross-linking agent comprising two or more ethylenic functions, 0 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of a chain transfer agent, preferably said second polymer has a viscosity slope <3.7.
In one aspect of said composition, said fabric softener active material comprises a fabric softener active selected from the group consisting of selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, a silicone polymer, a polysaccharide, a clay, an amine, a fatty ester, a dispersible polyolefin, a polymer latex and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of said composition:
In one aspect of said composition, said fabric softener active material comprises a fabric softener active selected from the group consisting of monoesterquats, diesterquats, triesterquats, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, said monoesterquats and diesterquats are selected from the group consisting of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfate fatty acid ester and isomers of bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylammonium methylsulfate fatty acid ester and/or mixtures thereof, 1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(tallowoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(palmitoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium methylsulfate, N,N-bis-(stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, 1,2-di-(stearoyl-oxy)-3-trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride, dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride, dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate, 1-methyl-1-stearoylamidoethyl-2-stearoylimidazolinium methylsulfate, 1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-tallowylimidazoline, dipalmylmethyl hydroxyethylammoinum methylsulfate and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of said composition, the iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the alkyl or, alkenyl chains of said fabric softening active are derived have an Iodine Value of between 0-140, preferably 5-100, more preferably 10-80, even more preferably 15-70, even more preferably 18-60, most preferably 18-25. When partially hydrogenated fatty acid quaternary ammonium compound softener is used, most preferably range is 25-60.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition comprises a quaternary ammonium compound and a silicone polymer, preferably from about 0.001% to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, of said silicone polymer.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition comprises, in addition to said fabric softener active, from about 0.001% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% of a stabilizer that comprises a alkyl quaternary ammonium compound, preferably said alkyl quaternary ammonium compound comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound, a dialkyl quaternary ammonium compound, a trialkyl quaternary ammonium compound and mixtures thereof, more preferably said alkyl quaternary ammonium compound comprises a monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound and/or di-alkyl quaternary ammonium compound.
In one aspect of said composition, said polymers are derived from
In one aspect of said composition, said cationic monomers are selected from the group consisting of methyl chloride quaternized dimethyl aminoethylammonium acrylate, methyl chloride quaternized dimethyl aminoethylammonium methacrylate and mixtures thereof, and the non-ionic monomers are selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, dimethyl acrylamide and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition having a Brookfield viscosity of from about 20 cps to about 1000 cps, preferably from 30 cps to about 500 cps, and most preferably 40 cps to about 300 cps.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition comprises an adjunct material selected from the group consisting of surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents and/or pigments and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of said composition, said perfume microcapsules comprise a deposition aid coating, preferably said deposition aid coating comprises cationic polymer.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition comprises one or more types of perfume microcapsules.
In one aspect of said composition, said composition has a pH from about 2 to about 4, preferably from about 2.4 to about 3.6.
A liquor that comprises a sufficient amount of a composition that comprises a fabric softener active, a silicone polymer and a cationic polymer, to satisfy the following equation:
[(a)+x(b)+y(c)]w=z
wherein, a is a weight percent of fabric softener active other than silicone polymer in said composition, preferably a is from about 0 to about 20 weight percent, more preferably a is from about 1 to about 15 weight percent, more preferably a is from about 3 to about 10 weight percent, more preferably a is from about 5 to about 10 weight percent, most preferably a is from about 7 to about 10 weight percent; b is the weight percent silicone polymer in said composition, preferably b is from about 0 to about 10 weight percent, more preferably b is from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent, most preferably b is from about 1 to about 3 weight percent; c is the weight percent of cationic polymer in said composition, preferably c is from about 0.01 to about 5 weight percent, more preferably c is from about 0.01 to about 1 weight percent, most preferably c is from about 0.03 to about 0.5 weight percent; wherein said weight percentages are, for purposes of said equation, converted to decimal values; w is the dose in grams divided by 1 gram, preferably w is a number from about 10 to about 45, more preferably w is a number from about 15 to about 40; x is a number from about 1 to about 5, preferably x is a number about 2; y is a number from about 1 to about 10, preferably y is a number from about 1 to about 5, more preferably y is a number about 2; z is a number from about 1 to about 10, preferably z is a number from about 1 to about 7, more preferably, z is a number from about 2 to about 4. Preferably, said composition that comprises a fabric softener active, a silicone polymer and a cationic polymer is a composition disclosed and/or claimed in the present specification. In one aspect, said liquor may comprise an anionic surfactant, preferably 1 ppm to 1000 ppm, more preferably 1 ppm to 100 ppm of an anionic surfactant. Preferably for said liquor, a divided by b is a number from about 0.5 to about 10, preferably a divided by b is a number from about 1 to about 10, more preferably a divided by b is a number from about 1 to about 4, most preferably a divided by b is a number from about 2 to about 3 is disclosed.
Applicants recognized that traditional polymer architecture can be a source of finished product stability and dosage problems. While not being bound by theory, Applicants believe the proper selection of one or more polymers yields a stable colloidal glass comprised of linear polymers capable of entangling and crosslinked polymers that generally cannot entangle. The aforementioned polymers enable the colloidal glass formation, as the crosslinked polymers' interactions provide stability while the linear polymers interaction with the crosslinked polymers allows for the desired benefit agent deposition. Thus, fabric treatment compositions comprising such particles have a surprising combination of stability and active deposition efficiency. Such treatment compositions provide benefits such as fabric feel, antistatic, and freshness.
Here, Applicants recognized that further benefit improvements were needed, such as fabric feel (e.g., softness) and freshness; however, one approach of formulating higher and higher levels of Polymer 1 could lead to unwanted changes to finished product (FP) rheology, such as viscosity growth which could lead to increased product residue or modified aesthetics. Applicants also recognized that increasing levels of Polymer 1 tended to decrease freshness. While not being bound by theory, Applicants believe the higher level of Polymer 1 can suppress the release of perfume from the situs (e.g., cotton terry), especially when higher level of Polymer 1 is combined with relatively high levels of softening actives. The Applicants recognized that the judicious selection of Polymer 2 will achieve the desired benefits. The proper selection of Polymer 2 includes the selection of polymer architectural parameters, such as monomers, charge density, lack of cross-linking and molecular weight. The Applicants recognized that obtaining the desired increase in benefits (e.g., freshness) requires the selection of individual and combined polymer levels, the ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2, and level of softening actives when the other selections are taken into account. While not being bound by theory, Applicants believe that the mass of material that will be delivered to a fabric by a fabric softener along with residual detergent materials on the fabric should be taken into account when designing a fabric softener.
Applicants found that selection of Polymer 2 to maximize benefits, such as freshness, could result in a return of stability problems addressed by the selection criteria for Polymer 1. The Applicants discovered a solution to this problem by also selecting Polymer 1 with a preferred viscosity slope (VS) value.
The level of Polymer 1 in finished product (FP) is selected to achieve the desired properties of the FP, which include but are not limited to FP with preferred a) phase stability, b) rheology, c) freshness benefit and d) softness benefit. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the preferred level of Polymer 1 is necessary to provide structure to the finished product. Such structure enables for example particle-based benefit actives (e.g., perfume microcapsules (PMC)) to be suspended in the FP. In addition, a preferred level of Polymer 1 minimizes the risk of product instability, which can be manifested in phase splitting, which can lead to poor product aesthetics and uneven distribution of benefit actives. In addition Polymer 1 can improve the deposition of benefit actives, leading to improved freshness and softness. Such deposition improvement can involve carry-over anionic surfactant from the wash to form flocculates that lead to improved fabric deposition of benefit actives. The selection of Polymer 1 as described in the present inventions provides for a preferred FP viscosity slope (VS). It has surprisingly been found that preferred VS values enable improved FP phase stability, including when Polymer 1 is combined with Polymer 2.
A preferred level of Polymer 1 is from about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.02% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.03% to about 0.2%, even more preferably from about 0.06% to about 0.1%. However, in one aspect when the softener active level is less than 5% by weight of FP, a preferred level of Polymer 1 is from about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.02% to about 0.5%.
The level of Polymer 2 in finished product (FP) is selected to achieve the desired properties of the FP, which include but are not limited to FP with preferred a) phase stability, b) rheology, c) freshness benefit and d) softness benefit. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the preferred level of Polymer 2 minimizes the risk of high levels of Polymer 1 causing unwanted FP viscosity growth, which can lead to changes in product aesthetics and/or difficulty in FP pouring, dispensing and/or dispersion. Without wishing to be bound by theory, Polymer 2 can improve perfume system efficiency by enhancing perfume release to the headspace above the fabric, resulting in greater scent intensity and noticeability. The lower molecular weight and lower degree of cross-linking of Polymer 2 in comparison to Polymer 1 is necessary to enabling the improved release of perfume from the situs and/or from the perfume delivery technology (e.g., PMC). In addition, the preferred amount of Polymer 2 alone in the compositions of the present invention enables improved freshness. Selecting too low a concentration of polymer can yield minimal benefits, whereas too high a concentration of polymer can also reduce benefits. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that too much polymer leads to suppression of perfume release, in which perfume is not released in a timely manner, leading to lower intensity and inefficient and cost ineffective perfume formulations.
A preferred level of Polymer 2 is from about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.02% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.04% to about 0.3%, even more preferably from about 0.06% to about 0.2%.
The total level of Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 in finished product (FP) is selected to achieve the desired properties of the FP, which include those described for Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 above. Selecting too low a concentration of polymer can yield minimal benefits, whereas too high a concentration of polymer can also reduce benefits. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that too much polymer leads to suppression of perfume release, in which perfume is not released in a timely manner, leading to lower intensity and inefficient and cost ineffective perfume formulations.
A preferred total level of Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 is from about 0.01% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.75%, more preferably from about 0.075% to about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.075% to about 0.4%, even more preferably from about 0.06% to about 0.3%.
The ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 in finished product (FP) is selected to achieve the desired properties of the FP, which include those described for Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 above. It was surprisingly found that selecting too high a ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 reduces the freshness benefit, whereas selecting too low a ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 results in poor FP stability. For example, in one embodiment the ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 is from about 1:5 to about 10:1, preferably, about 1:2 to about 5:1, even more preferably about 1:1 to about 3:1, most preferably from about 3:2 to 5:1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the freshness benefit is reduced when the ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 is 100:1 (i.e., nil Polymer 2), but also reduced when the ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 is 1:1. One such embodiment is when the total level of Polymer 1 and Polymer 2 in the composition of the present invention is from about 0.06% to about 0.3%.
In another aspect, the polymer comprises a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 5,000 Daltons to about 1,000,000 Daltons, preferably from about 10,000 Daltons to about 1,000,000 Daltons, more preferably from about 25,000 Daltons to about 600,000 Daltons, more preferably from about 50,000 Daltons to about 450,000 Daltons, more preferably from about 100,000 Daltons to about 350,000 Daltons, most preferably from about 150,000 Daltons to about 350,000 Daltons; in other aspect from about 25,000 Daltons to about 150,000 Daltons.
The molecular weight can also be correlated to the k value of the polymer. In one aspect the k value is from about 10 to 100, preferably from about 15 to 60, preferably from about 20 to 60, more preferably from about 20 to 55, more preferably from about 25 to 55, more preferably from about 25 to 45, most preferably from 30 to 45; in other aspect the k value is from about 15 to 30.
In another aspect, Polymer 1 comprises a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 500,000 Daltons to about 15,000,000 Daltons, preferably from about 1,000,000 Daltons to about 6,0000,000 Daltons, more preferably from about 2,000,000 to 4,000,000.
In another embodiment, when Polymer 1 is cross-linked with one or more cross-linking agents, Polymer 1 may consist of a mixture of polymers with different degrees of cross-linking, including polymers that are highly cross-linked and polymer that are essentially non-cross-linked. Without being bound by theory, cross-linked polymers are more water insoluble, whereas non-cross-linked polymers are more water soluble. In one embodiment, Polymer 1 consists of a fraction of water soluble (non-cross-linked) and a fraction of water insoluble (cross-linked) polymers. In one embodiment, Polymer 1 has a weight percent water soluble fraction of from about 0.1% to 80%, preferably from about 1% to 60%, more preferably from 10% to 40%, most preferably from 25% to 35%. In another embodiment, Polymer 1 has a weight percent water soluble fraction of from 5% to 25%. Without being bound by theory, the Weight Average Molecular Weights (Mw) of the soluble and insoluble fractions of Polymer 1 are similar (i.e., both are within the Mw range for Polymer 1).
In still another embodiment, Polymer 1 comprises a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 5 times to about 100 times the Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) of Polymer 2, preferably from about 10 times to about 50 times, more preferably from about 20 times to about 40 times, wherein Polymer 2 comprises a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 50,000 Daltons to about 150,000 Daltons.
In one aspect, Applicants disclose a composition comprising, based upon total composition weight:
a. Polymer 1 with a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 500,000 Daltons to about 15,0000,000 Daltons, preferably from about 1,000,000 to about 6,000,000 Daltons.
b. Optionally, Polymer 1 has a weight percent water soluble fraction of from about 1% to about 60%.
c. Polymer 1 is present in the composition from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.03% to about 0.2%.
d. Polymer 2 has a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 5,000 Daltons to about 500,000 Daltons, preferably from about 10,000 Daltons to about 500,000 Daltons, more preferably from about 25,000 to 350,000, most preferably from about 50,000 to about 250,000 Daltons. Alternatively, Polymer 2 may have a K value of from about 15 to 100, preferably from about 20 to 60, more preferably from about 30 to 45.
e. Polymer 2 is present in the composition from about 0.01 to about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.03% to about 0.3%.
f. Optionally, the weight ratio of Polymer 1 to Polymer 2 is from about 1:5 to about 5:1, preferably from about 1:3 to about 3:1.
g. Optionally, a weight ratio of fabric softener active from about 3 percent to about 13 weight percent, more preferably from about 5 to about 10 weight percent, most preferably from about 7 to about 9 weight percent.
Preferably said composition has a Brookfield viscosity of from about 20 cps to about 1000 cps, preferably from about 30 cps to about 500 cps, more preferably from about 40 cps to about 300 cps, most preferably from about 50 cps to about 150 cps.
Preferably said first polymer and said second polymer when combined have a viscosity slope of greater than or equal to 3, preferably greater than or equal to 3.8, more preferably from about 4.0 to about 12, even more preferably from about 4.0 to about 6.0 or from about 4.0 to about 5.0.
The fluid fabric enhancer compositions disclosed herein comprise a fabric softening active (“FSA”). Suitable fabric softening actives, include, but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, amines, fatty esters, sucrose esters, silicones, dispersible polyolefins, clays, polysaccharides, fatty acids, softening oils, polymer latexes and mixtures thereof.
Non-limiting examples of water insoluble fabric care benefit agents include dispersible polyethylene and polymer latexes. These agents can be in the form of emulsions, latexes, dispersions, suspensions, and the like. In one aspect, they are in the form of an emulsion or a latex. Dispersible polyethylenes and polymer latexes can have a wide range of particle size diameters (χ50) including but not limited to from about 1 nm to about 100 μm; alternatively from about 10 nm to about 10 μm. As such, the particle sizes of dispersible polyethylenes and polymer latexes are generally, but without limitation, smaller than silicones or other fatty oils.
Generally, any surfactant suitable for making polymer emulsions or emulsion polymerizations of polymer latexes can be used to make the water insoluble fabric care benefit agents of the present invention. Suitable surfactants consist of emulsifiers for polymer emulsions and latexes, dispersing agents for polymer dispersions and suspension agents for polymer suspensions. Suitable surfactants include anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, or combinations thereof. In one aspect, such surfactants are nonionic and/or anionic surfactants. In one aspect, the ratio of surfactant to polymer in the water insoluble fabric care benefit agent is about 1:100 to about 1:2; alternatively from about 1:50 to about 1:5, respectively. Suitable water insoluble fabric care benefit agents include but are not limited to the examples described below.
Quats—Suitable quats include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of ester quats, amide quats, imidazoline quats, alkyl quats, amidoester quats and mixtures thereof. Suitable ester quats include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoester quats, diester quats, triester quats and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect, a suitable ester quat is the reaction product of Methyl-diethanolamine with fatty acids, in molar ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:2, fully or partially quaternized with methylchloride or dimethylsulphate. In another aspect, the ester quat is the reaction product of Tri-ethanolamine with fatty acids, mixed in a molar ratio ranging from 1:1.5 to 1:2.1, fully or partially quaternized with dimethylsulphate. In a third aspect, the suitable ester quat is the reaction product of Methyl-diethanolamine with fatty acids, fully or partially quaternized with dimethylsulphate. In these three cases, the fatty acid contains 8-24 carbon atoms and has an iodine value of 0-100, preferably 5-80, more preferably 15-70, most preferably 18-56.
Amines—Suitable amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of amidoesteramines, amidoamines, imidazoline amines, alkyl amines, amidoester amines and mixtures thereof. Suitable ester amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoester amines, diester amines, triester amines and mixtures thereof. Suitable amido quats include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of monoamido amines, diamido amines and mixtures thereof. Suitable alkyl amines include but are not limited to, materials selected from the group consisting of mono alkylamines, dialkyl amines quats, trialkyl amines, and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect, the fabric softening active comprises a diester quaternary ammonium or protonated diester ammonium (hereinafter “DQA”) compound composition. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the DQA compound compositions also encompass diamido fabric softening actives and fabric softening actives with mixed amido and ester linkages as well as the aforementioned diester linkages, all herein referred to as DQA.
In one aspect, said fabric softening active may comprise, as the principal active, compounds of the following formula:
{R4-m—N+—[Z—Y—R1]m}X− (1)
wherein each R comprises either hydrogen, a short chain C1-C6, in one aspect a C1-C3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like, poly(C2-3 alkoxy), polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures thereof; each Z is independently (CH2)n, CH2—CH(CH3)— or CH—(CH3)—CH2—; each Y may comprise —O—(O)C—, —C(O)—O—, —NR—C(O)—, or —C(O)—NR—; each m is 2 or 3; each n is from 1 to about 4, in one aspect 2; the sum of carbons in each R1, plus one when Y is —O—(O)C— or —NR—C(O)—, may be C12-C22, or C14-C20, with each R1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl group; and X− may comprise any softener-compatible anion. In one aspect, the softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate. In another aspect, the softener-compatible anion may comprise chloride or methyl sulfate.
These types of agents and general methods of making them are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180. An example of a suitable DEQA (2) is the “propyl” ester quaternary ammonium fabric softener active comprising the formula 1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride.
A third type of useful fabric softening active has the formula:
[R4-m—N+—R1m]X− (3)
wherein each R, R1, m and X− have the same meanings as before.
Non-limiting examples of fabric softening actives comprising formula (1) are N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl ammonium methylsulfate.
Non-limiting examples of fabric softening actives comprising formula (2) is 1,2-di-(stearoyl-oxy)-3-trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride.
Non-limiting examples of fabric softening actives comprising formula (3) include dialkylenedimethylammonium salts such as dicanoladimethylammonium chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethylammonium chloride dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate, and mixtures thereof. An example of commercially available dialkylenedimethylammonium salts usable in the present invention is dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from Witco Corporation under the trade name Adogen® 472 and dihardtallow dimethylammonium chloride available from Akzo Nobel Arquad 2HT75.
In the cationic nitrogenous salts herein, the anion A−, which comprises any softener compatible anion, provides electrical neutrality. Most often, the anion used to provide electrical neutrality in these salts is from a strong acid, especially a halide, such as chloride, bromide, or iodide. However, other anions can be used, such as methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, formate, sulfate, carbonate, fatty acid anions and the like. In one aspect, the anion A may comprise chloride or methylsulfate. The anion, in some aspects, may carry a double charge. In this aspect, A− represents half a group.
In one embodiment, the fabric softening agent is chosen from at least one of the following: ditallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dihydrogenated-tallowoyloxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, dihydrogenatedtallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallowoyloxyethyl methylhydroxyethylammonium methyl sulfate, dihydrogenated-tallowoyloxyethyl methyl hydroxyethylammonium chloride, or combinations thereof.
Iodine Value of the Parent Fatty Acyl Group or Acid of the Quaternary Ammonium Softener Active
The iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the alkyl or, alkenyl chains are derived is from 5 to 60, preferably from 12 to 60, more preferably from 18 to 56.
That is, it is preferred that the alkyl or alkenyl chains are substantially fully saturated.
If there is any unsaturated quaternary ammonium fabric softening material present in the composition, the iodine value, referred to above, represents the mean iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compounds or fatty acids of all of the quaternary ammonium materials present.
In the context of the present invention, iodine value of the parent fatty acyl compound or acid from which the fabric softening material formed, is defined as the number of grams of iodine which react with 100 grams of the compound.
In the context of the present invention, the method for calculating the iodine value of a parent fatty acyl compound/acid comprises dissolving a prescribed amount (from 0.1-3 g) into about 15 ml chloroform. The dissolved parent fatty acyl compound/fatty acid is then reacted with 25 ml of iodine monochloride in acetic acid solution (0.1M). To this, 20 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution and about 150 ml deionised water is added. After addition of the halogen has taken place, the excess of iodine monochloride is determined by titration with sodium thiosulphate solution (0.1M) in the presence of a blue starch indicator powder. At the same time a blank is determined with the same quantity of reagents and under the same conditions. The difference between the volume of sodium thiosulphate used in the blank and that used in the reaction with the parent fatty acyl compound or fatty acid enables the iodine value to be calculated.
The quaternary ammonium fabric softening material is present in an amount from 0% to about 35%, preferably from 2% to 24%, more preferably from 4% to 18% by weight of quaternary ammonium material (active ingredient) based on the total weight of the composition,
Broadly speaking, the conditioning active compositions of the present invention, also known as esterquats, are made by combining a fatty acid source and an alkanolamine, typically at a starting temperature at which the fatty acid source is molten, optionally adding a catalyst, then heating the reaction mixture while drawing vacuum until the desired endpoint(s), such as acid value and final alkalinity value, are reached. The resulting esteramine intermediate is then quaternised using an alkylating agent, yielding an esterquat product. The esterquat product may be a mixture of quaternised monoester, diester, and triester components and optionally some amount of one or more reactants, intermediates, and byproducts, including but not limited to free amine and free fatty acid or parent fatty acyl compounds.
The composition comprises, based upon total composition weight a population of perfume microcapsules wherein said population of perfume microcapsules comprises a microcapsule wall material comprising one or more polyacrylate polymers.
Said microcapsules are formed by at least partially surrounding a benefit agent with a wall material.
Said benefit agent may include materials selected from the group consisting of perfumes such as 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-2-methyl propanal, 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-propanal, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, α-damascone, β-damascone, δ-damascone, β-damascenone, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, methyl-7,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-3-one, 2-[2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentan-2-one, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, and β-dihydro ionone, linalool, ethyllinalool, tetrahydrolinalool, and dihydromyrcenol; silicone oils, waxes such as polyethylene waxes; essential oils such as fish oils, jasmine, camphor, lavender; skin coolants such as menthol, methyl lactate; vitamins such as Vitamin A and E; sunscreens; glycerine; catalysts such as manganese catalysts or bleach catalysts; bleach particles such as perborates; silicon dioxide particles; antiperspirant actives; cationic polymers and mixtures thereof. Suitable benefit agents can be obtained from Givaudan Corp. of Mount Olive, N.J. USA, International Flavors & Fragrances Corp. of South Brunswick, N.J., USA, or Firmenich Company of Geneva, Switzerland.
In one aspect of said composition, the wall of said perfume microcapsules comprises a polyacrylate, preferably said wall comprises from about 50% to about 100%, more preferably from about 70% to about 100%, most preferably from about 80% to about 100% of said polyacrylate polymer, preferably said polyacrylate comprises a polyacrylate cross linked polymer.
In one aspect of said composition, said wall of said perfume microcapsules comprises a polymer derived from a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties; preferably said multifunctional acrylate moiety is selected from group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate and mixtures thereof; and optionally a polyacrylate that comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of an amine acrylate moiety, methacrylate moiety, a carboxylic acid acrylate moiety, carboxylic acid methacrylate moiety and combinations thereof.
In one aspect of said composition, said wall of said perfume microcapsules comprises a polymer derived from a material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate and/or methacrylate moieties, preferably the ratio of material that comprises one or more multifunctional acrylate moieties to material that comprises one or more methacrylate moieties is 999:1 to about 6:4, more preferably from about 99:1 to about 8:1, from about 99:1 to about 8.5:1; preferably said multifunctional acrylate moiety is selected from group consisting of tri-functional acrylate, tetra-functional acrylate, penta-functional acrylate, hexa-functional acrylate, hepta-functional acrylate and mixtures thereof; and optionally a polyacrylate that comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of an amine acrylate moiety, methacrylate moiety, a carboxylic acid acrylate moiety, carboxylic acid methacrylate moiety and combinations thereof.
In one aspect of said composition, said microcapsule wall material comprises said core comprising, based on total core weight, greater than 20%, preferably from greater than 20% to about 80%, from greater than 20% to about 70%, more preferably from greater than 20% to about 60%, more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, most preferably from about 30% to about 50% of a partitioning modifier that comprises a material selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, modified vegetable oil, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate and mixtures thereof, preferably said modified vegetable oil is esterified and/or brominated, preferably said vegetable oil comprises castor oil and/or soy bean oil;
In one aspect, said perfume microcapsules have a volume weighted mean particle size from about, from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, preferably from about 1 micron to about 60 microns, or alternatively a volume weighted mean particle size from about, from about 25 microns to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 25 microns to about 60 microns
In one aspect of said composition, said perfume microcapsules are produced by a radical polymerization process that comprises the step of combining, based on total radical polymerization process acrylate monomer reactants, from about 50% to about 100% of a hexa-functional urethane acrylate and/or a penta-functional urethane acrylate, from about 0% to about 25% of a methacrylate that comprises an amino moiety and from about 0% to about 25% of an acrylate comprising a carboxyl moiety, with the proviso that the sum of the hexa-functional urethane acrylate and/or penta-functional urethane acrylate, methacrylate that comprises an amino moiety and acrylate comprising a carboxyl moiety, will always be 100%.
In one aspect of said composition, said methacrylate that comprises an amino moiety comprises tertiarybutylaminoethyl methacrylate and said acrylate comprising a carboxyl moiety comprises beta carboxyethyl acrylate.
In one aspect of said composition, at least 75% of said perfume microcapsules have a volume weighted mean particle size from about, from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, preferably from about 1 micron to about 60 microns, or alternatively a volume weighted mean particle size from about, from about 25 microns to about 60 microns. In one aspect of said composition, at least 75% of said perfume microcapsules have a particle wall thickness of from about 10 nm to about 250 nm, from about 20 nm to about 200 nm, or from 25 nm to about 180 nm.
In one aspect, the perfume microcapsule may be coated with a deposition aid, a cationic polymer, a non-ionic polymer, an anionic polymer, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polymers may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylformaldehyde, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformaldehyde, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, one or more types of microcapsules, for examples two microcapsules types, wherein one of the first or second microcapsules (a) has a wall made of a different wall material than the other; (b) has a wall that includes a different amount of wall material or monomer than the other; or (c) contains a different amount perfume oil ingredient than the other; or (d) contains a different perfume oil, may be used.
A process of making a perfume microcapsule, said process comprising heating, in one or more heating steps, an emulsion, said emulsion produced by emulsifying the combination of:
In one aspect of said process, said heating step comprises heating said emulsion from about 1 hour to about 20 hours, preferably from about 2 hours to about 15 hours, more preferably about 4 hours to about 10 hours, most preferably from about 5 to about 7 hours sufficiently to transfer from about 500 joules/kg of said emulsion to about 5000 joules/kg of emulsion from about 1000 joules/kg of said emulsion to about 4500 joules/kg of emulsion from about 2900 joules/kg of said emulsion to about 4000 joules/kg of emulsion.
In one aspect of said process, said emulsion has, prior to said heating step, a volume weighted mean particle size from about 0.5 microns to about 100 microns, preferably from about 1 microns to about 60 microns, more preferably from about 5 microns to about 30 microns, most preferably from about 10 microns to about 25 microns of from about 0.5 microns to about 10 microns.
In one aspect of said process, the ratio of said first composition to said second composition is from about 1:9 to about 1:1, preferably from about 3:7 to about 4:6, and the ration of first oil to second oil is 99:1 to about 1:99, preferably 9:1 to about 1:9, more preferably 6:4 to about 8:2.
One aspect of the invention provides a fabric enhancer composition comprising a cationic starch as a fabric softening active. In one embodiment, the fabric care compositions of the present invention generally comprise cationic starch at a level of from about 0.1% to about 7%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 5%, alternatively from about 0.3% to about 3%, and alternatively from about 0.5% to about 2.0%, by weight of the composition. Suitable cationic starches for use in the present compositions are commercially-available from Cerestar under the trade name C*BOND® and from National Starch and Chemical Company under the trade name CATO® 2A.
Nonionic fabric care benefit agents can comprise sucrose esters, and are typically derived from sucrose and fatty acids. Sucrose ester is composed of a sucrose moiety having one or more of its hydroxyl groups esterified.
Sucrose is a disaccharide having the following formula:
Alternatively, the sucrose molecule can be represented by the formula: M(OH)8, wherein M is the disaccharide backbone and there are total of 8 hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
Thus, sucrose esters can be represented by the following formula:
M(OH)8-x)(OC(O)R1)x
wherein x is the number of hydroxyl groups that are esterified, whereas (8-x) is the hydroxyl groups that remain unchanged; x is an integer selected from 1 to 8, alternatively from 2 to 8, alternatively from 3 to 8, or from 4 to 8; and R1 moieties are independently selected from C1-C22 alkyl or C1-C30 alkoxy, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted.
In one embodiment, the R1 moieties comprise linear alkyl or alkoxy moieties having independently selected and varying chain length. For example, R1 may comprise a mixture of linear alkyl or alkoxy moieties wherein greater than about 20% of the linear chains are C18, alternatively greater than about 50% of the linear chains are C18, alternatively greater than about 80% of the linear chains are C18.
In another embodiment, the R1 moieties comprise a mixture of saturate and unsaturated alkyl or alkoxy moieties; the degree of unsaturation can be measured by “Iodine Value” (hereinafter referred as “IV”, as measured by the standard AOCS method). The IV of the sucrose esters suitable for use herein ranges from about 1 to about 150, or from about 2 to about 100, or from about 5 to about 85. The R1 moieties may be hydrogenated to reduce the degree of unsaturation. In the case where a higher IV is preferred, such as from about 40 to about 95, then oleic acid and fatty acids derived from soybean oil and canola oil are the starting materials.
In a further embodiment, the unsaturated R1 moieties may comprise a mixture of “cis” and “trans” forms about the unsaturated sites. The “cis”/“trans” ratios may range from about 1:1 to about 50:1, or from about 2:1 to about 40:1, or from about 3:1 to about 30:1, or from about 4:1 to about 20:1.
Generally, all dispersible polyolefins that provide fabric care benefits can be used as water insoluble fabric care benefit agents in the present invention. The polyolefins can be in the format of waxes, emulsions, dispersions or suspensions. Non-limiting examples are discussed below.
In one embodiment, the polyolefin is chosen from a polyethylene, polypropylene, or a combination thereof. The polyolefin may be at least partially modified to contain various functional groups, such as carboxyl, alkylamide, sulfonic acid or amide groups. In another embodiment, the polyolefin is at least partially carboxyl modified or, in other words, oxidized.
For ease of formulation, the dispersible polyolefin may be introduced as a suspension or an emulsion of polyolefin dispersed by use of an emulsifying agent. The polyolefin suspension or emulsion may comprise from about 1% to about 60%, alternatively from about 10% to about 55%, alternatively from about 20% to about 50% by weight of polyolefin. The polyolefin may have a wax dropping point (see ASTM D3954-94, volume 15.04—“Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Waxes”) from about 20° to about 170° C., alternatively from about 50° to about 140° C. Suitable polyethylene waxes are available commercially from suppliers including but not limited to Honeywell (A-C polyethylene), Clariant (Velustrol® emulsion), and BASF) (LUWAX®).
When an emulsion is employed with the dispersible polyolefin, the emulsifier may be any suitable emulsification agent. Non-limiting examples include an anionic, cationic, nonionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. However, almost any suitable surfactant or suspending agent may be employed as the emulsification agent. The dispersible polyolefin is dispersed by use of an emulsification agent in a ratio to polyolefin wax of about 1:100 to about 1:2, alternatively from about 1:50 to about 1:5, respectively.
Polymer latex is made by an emulsion polymerization which includes one or more monomers, one or more emulsifiers, an initiator, and other components familiar to those of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, all polymer latexes that provide fabric care benefits can be used as water insoluble fabric care benefit agents of the present invention. Additional non-limiting examples include the monomers used in producing polymer latexes such as: (1) 100% or pure butylacrylate; (2) butylacrylate and butadiene mixtures with at least 20% (weight monomer ratio) of butylacrylate; (3) butylacrylate and less than 20% (weight monomer ratio) of other monomers excluding butadiene; (4) alkylacrylate with an alkyl carbon chain at or greater than C6; (5) alkylacrylate with an alkyl carbon chain at or greater than C6 and less than 50% (weight monomer ratio) of other monomers; (6) a third monomer (less than 20% weight monomer ratio) added into an aforementioned monomer systems; and (7) combinations thereof.
Polymer latexes that are suitable fabric care benefit agents in the present invention may include those having a glass transition temperature of from about −120° C. to about 120° C., alternatively from about −80° C. to about 60° C. Suitable emulsifiers include anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants. Suitable initiators include initiators that are suitable for emulsion polymerization of polymer latexes. The particle size diameter (χ50) of the polymer latexes can be from about 1 nm to about 10 μm, alternatively from about 10 nm to about 1 μm, or even from about 10 nm to about 20 nm.
Fatty Acid
One aspect of the invention provides a fabric softening composition comprising a fatty acid, such as a free fatty acid. The term “fatty acid” is used herein in the broadest sense to include unprotonated or protonated forms of a fatty acid; and includes fatty acid that is bound or unbound to another chemical moiety as well as the various combinations of these species of fatty acid. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the pH of an aqueous composition will dictate, in part, whether a fatty acid is protonated or unprotonated. In another embodiment, the fatty acid is in its unprotonated, or salt form, together with a counter ion, such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and the like. The term “free fatty acid” means a fatty acid that is not bound to another chemical moiety (covalently or otherwise) to another chemical moiety.
In one embodiment, the fatty acid may include those containing from about 12 to about 25, from about 13 to about 22, or even from about 16 to about 20, total carbon atoms, with the fatty moiety containing from about 10 to about 22, from about 12 to about 18, or even from about 14 (mid-cut) to about 18 carbon atoms.
The fatty acids of the present invention may be derived from (1) an animal fat, and/or a partially hydrogenated animal fat, such as beef tallow, lard, etc.; (2) a vegetable oil, and/or a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil such as canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, other tropical palm oils, linseed oil, tung oil, etc.; (3) processed and/or bodied oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil via thermal, pressure, alkali-isomerization and catalytic treatments; (4) a mixture thereof, to yield saturated (e.g. stearic acid), unsaturated (e.g. oleic acid), polyunsaturated (linoleic acid), branched (e.g. isostearic acid) or cyclic (e.g. saturated or unsaturated α-disubstituted cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl derivatives of polyunsaturated acids) fatty acids.
Mixtures of Fatty Acids from Different Fat Sources can be Used.
In one aspect, at least a majority of the fatty acid that is present in the fabric softening composition of the present invention is unsaturated, e.g., from about 40% to 100%, from about 55% to about 99%, or even from about 60% to about 98%, by weight of the total weight of the fatty acid present in the composition, although fully saturated and partially saturated fatty acids can be used. As such, the total level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (TPU) of the total fatty acid of the inventive composition may be from about 0% to about 75% by weight of the total weight of the fatty acid present in the composition.
The cis/trans ratio for the unsaturated fatty acids may be important, with the cis/trans ratio (of the C18:1 material) being from at least about 1:1, at least about 3:1, from about 4:1 or even from about 9:1 or higher.
Branched fatty acids such as isostearic acid are also suitable since they may be more stable with respect to oxidation and the resulting degradation of color and odor quality.
The Iodine Value or “IV” measures the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acid. In one embodiment of the invention, the fatty acid has an IV from about 10 to about 140, from about 15 to about 100 or even from about 15 to about 60.
Another class of fatty ester fabric care actives is softening oils, which include but are not limited to, vegetable oils (such as soybean, sunflower, and canola), hydrocarbon based oils (natural and synthetic petroleum lubricants, in one aspect polyolefins, isoparaffins, and cyclic paraffins), triolein, fatty esters, fatty alcohols, fatty amines, fatty amides, and fatty ester amines. Oils can be combined with fatty acid softening agents, clays, and silicones.
Clays
In one embodiment of the invention, the fabric care composition may comprise a clay as a fabric care active. In one embodiment clay can be a softener or co-softeners with another softening active, for example, silicone. Suitable clays include those materials classified geologically smectites.
Silicone
In one embodiment, the fabric softening composition comprises a silicone. Suitable levels of silicone may comprise from about 0.1% to about 70%, alternatively from about 0.3% to about 40%, alternatively from about 0.5% to about 30%, alternatively from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the composition. Useful silicones can be any silicone comprising compound. In one embodiment, the silicone polymer is selected from the group consisting of cyclic silicones, polydimethylsiloxanes, aminosilicones, cationic silicones, silicone polyethers, silicone resins, silicone urethanes, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the silicone is a polydialkylsilicone, alternatively a polydimethyl silicone (polydimethyl siloxane or “PDMS”), or a derivative thereof. In another embodiment, the silicone is chosen from an aminofunctional silicone, amino-polyether silicone, alkyloxylated silicone, cationic silicone, ethoxylated silicone, propoxylated silicone, ethoxylated/propoxylated silicone, quaternary silicone, or combinations thereof.
In another embodiment, the silicone may be chosen from a random or blocky organosilicone polymer having the following formula:
[R1R2R3SiO1/2](j+2)[(R4Si(X—Z)O2/2]k[R4R4SiO2/2]m[R4SiO3/2]j
wherein:
In another embodiment, the silicone may be chosen from a random or blocky organosilicone polymer having the following formula:
[R1R2R3SiO1/2](j+2)[(R4Si(X—Z)O2/2]k[R4R4SiO2/2]m[R4SiO3/2]j
In one embodiment, the silicone is one comprising a relatively high molecular weight. A suitable way to describe the molecular weight of a silicone includes describing its viscosity. A high molecular weight silicone is one having a viscosity of from about 10 cSt to about 3,000,000 cSt, or from about 100 cSt to about 1,000,000 cSt, or from about 1,000 cSt to about 600,000 cSt, or even from about 6,000 cSt to about 300,000 cSt.
In one embodiment, the silicone comprises a blocky cationic organopolysiloxane having the formula:
MwDxTyQz
wherein:
M=[SiR1R2R3O1/2], [SiR1R2G1O1/2], [SiR1G1G2O1/2], [SiG1G2G3O1/2], or combinations thereof;
D=[SiR1R2O2/2], [SiR1G1O2/2], [SiG1G2O2/2] or combinations thereof;
T=[SiR1O3/2], [SiG1O3/2] or combinations thereof;
w=is an integer from 1 to (2+y+2z);
x=is an integer from 5 to 15,000;
y=is an integer from 0 to 98;
z=is an integer from 0 to 98;
R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-C32 alkyl, C1-C32 substituted alkyl, C5-C32 or C6-C32 aryl, C5-C32 or C6-C32 substituted aryl, C6-C32 alkylaryl, C6-C32 substituted alkylaryl, C1-C32 alkoxy, C1-C32 substituted alkoxy, C1-C32 alkylamino, and C1-C32 substituted alkylamino;
at least one of M, D, or T incorporates at least one moiety G1, G2 or G3, and G1, G2, and G3 are each independently selected from the formula:
wherein:
X comprises a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of C1-C32 alkylene, C1-C32 substituted alkylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 arylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 substituted arylene, C6-C32 arylalkylene, C6-C32 substituted arylalkylene, C1-C32 alkoxy, C1-C32 substituted alkoxy, C1-C32 alkyleneamino, C1-C32 substituted alkyleneamino, ring-opened epoxide, and ring-opened glycidyl, with the proviso that if X does not comprise a repeating alkylene oxide moiety then X can further comprise a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of P, N and O;
each R4 comprises identical or different monovalent radicals selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C32 alkyl, C1-C32 substituted alkyl, C5-C32 or C6-C32 aryl, C5-C32 or C6-C32 substituted aryl, C6-C32 alkylaryl, and C6-C32 substituted alkylaryl;
E comprises a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of C1-C32 alkylene, C1-C32 substituted alkylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 arylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 substituted arylene, C6-C32 arylalkylene, C6-C32 substituted arylalkylene, C1-C32 alkoxy, C1-C32 substituted alkoxy, C1-C32 alkyleneamino, C1-C32 substituted alkyleneamino, ring-opened epoxide and ring-opened glycidyl, with the proviso that if E does not comprise a repeating alkylene oxide moiety then E can further comprise a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of P, N, and O;
E′ comprises a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of C1-C32 alkylene, C1-C32 substituted alkylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 arylene, C5-C32 or C6-C32 substituted arylene, C6-C32 arylalkylene, C6-C32 substituted arylalkylene, C1-C32 alkoxy, C1-C32 substituted alkoxy, C1-C32 alkyleneamino, C1-C32 substituted alkyleneamino, ring-opened epoxide and ring-opened glycidyl, with the proviso that if E′ does not comprise a repeating alkylene oxide moiety then E′ can further comprise a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of P, N, and O;
p is an integer independently selected from 1 to 50;
n is an integer independently selected from 1 or 2;
when at least one of G1, G2, or G3 is positively charged, A−t is a suitable charge balancing anion or anions such that the total charge, k, of the charge-balancing anion or anions is equal to and opposite from the net charge on the moiety G1, G2 or G3, wherein t is an integer independently selected from 1, 2, or 3; and k≦(p*2/t)+1; such that the total number of cationic charges balances the total number of anionic charges in the organopolysiloxane molecule;
and wherein at least one E does not comprise an ethylene moiety.
Polymers useful in the present invention can be made by one skilled in the art. Examples of processes for making polymers include, but are not limited, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, inverse emulsion polymerization, inverse dispersion polymerization, and liquid dispersion polymer technology. In one aspect, a method of making a polymer having a chain transfer agent (CTA) value in a range greater than 10,000 ppm by weight of the polymer is disclosed. Another aspect of the invention is directed to providing a polymer having a cross linker level greater than 5 ppm, alternatively greater than 45 ppm, by weight of the polymer.
In one aspect of making a polymer, the CTA is present in a range greater than about 100 ppm based on the weight of the polymer. In one aspect, the CTA is from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, alternatively from about 500 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, alternatively from about 1,000 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, alternatively from about 1,500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, alternatively from about 1,500 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, alternatively combinations thereof based on the weight of the polymer. In yet another aspect, the CTA is greater than about 1,000 based on the weight of the polymer. It is also suitable to use mixtures of chain transfer agents.
In one aspect of the invention, the polymer comprises 5-100% by weight (wt-%) of at least one cationic monomer and 5-95 wt-% of at least one non-ionic monomer. The weight percentages relate to the total weight of the copolymer. In another aspect of the invention, the polymer comprises 0-50% by weight (wt-%) of an anionic monomer.
Suitable cationic monomers include dialkyl ammonium halides or compounds according to formula (I):
The alkyl and alkoxy groups may be linear or branched. The alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and isopropyl.
In one aspect, the cationic monomer of formula (I) is dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride. In another aspect, the cationic monomer of formula (I) is dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride.
In another aspect, the cationic monomer is dialkyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
Suitable non-ionic monomers include compounds of formula (II) wherein
In one aspect, the non-ionic monomer is acrylamide.
In another aspect, the non-ionic monomer is hydroxyethyl acrylate.
Suitable anionic monomer may include the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, as well as monomers performing a sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid functions, such as 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (ATBS), and their salts.
The cross-linking agent contains at least two ethylenically unsaturated moieties. In one aspect, the cross-linking agent contains at least two or more ethylenically unsaturated moieties; in one aspect, the cross-linking agent contains at least three or more ethylenically unsaturated moieties.
Suitable cross-linking agents include divinyl benzene, tetraallylammonium chloride; allyl acrylates; allyl acrylates and methacrylates, diacrylates and dimethacrylates of glycols and polyglycols, allyl methacrylates; and tri- and tetramethacrylates of polyglycols; or polyol polyallyl ethers such as polyallyl sucrose or pentaerythritol triallyl ether, butadiene, 1,7-octadiene, allyl-acrylamides and allyl-methacrylamides, bisacrylamidoacetic acid, N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide and polyol polyallylethers, such as polyallylsaccharose and pentaerythrol triallylether, ditrimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythrityl tetraacrylate, pentaerythrityl tetraacrylate ethoxylated, pentaerythrityl tetramethacrylate, pentaerythrityl triacrylate, pentaerythrityl triacrylate ethoxylate, triethanolamine trimethacrylate, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane triacrylate ethoxylate, trimethylolpropane tris(polyethylene glycol ether) triacrylate, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione triacrylate, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione trimethacrylate, dipentaerythrityl pentaacrylate, 3-(3-{[dimethyl-(vinyl)-silyl]-oxy}-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-1,5-divinyl-3-trisiloxanyl)-propyl methacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, 1-(2-propenyloxy)-2,2-bis[(2-propenyloxy)-methyl]-butane, trimethacrylic acid-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triyltri-2,1-ethandiyl ester, glycerine triacrylate propoxylate, 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3-dimethyl-1,1,3,3-tetravinyldisiloxane, pentaerythrityl tetravinyl ether, 1,3-dimethyl-1,1,3,3-tetravinyldisiloxane, (Ethoxy)-trivinylsilane, (Methyl)-trivinylsilane, 1,1,3,5,5-pentamethyl-1,3,5-trivinyltrisiloxane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinylcyclotrisilazane, 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4,6-trivinylcyclotrisiloxane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinyltrisilazane, tris-(2-butanone oxime)-vinylsilane, 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane, trivinylphosphine, trivinylsilane, methyltriallylsilane, pentaerythrityl triallyl ether, phenyltriallylsilane, triallylamine, triallyl citrate, triallyl phosphate, triallylphosphine, triallyl phosphite, triallylsilane, 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione, trimellitic acid triallyl ester, trimethallyl isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris-(allyloxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,2-Bis-(diallylamino)-ethane, pentaerythrityl tetratallate, 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tris-[(2-acryloyloxy)-ethyl]-phosphate, vinylboronic anhydride pyridine, 2,4,6-trivinylcyclotriboroxanepyridine, tetraallylsilane, tetraallyloxysilane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasilazane. Preferred compounds include alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, pentaerythrityl triacrylate, pentaerythrityl tetraacrylate, tetrallylammonium chloride, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, or a mixture thereof. These preferred compounds can also be ethoxylated and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the cross-linking agents are chosen from tetraallyl ammonium chloride, allyl-acrylamides and allyl-methacrylamides, bisacrylamidoacetic acid, and N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the cross-linking agent is tetraallyl ammonium chloride. In another aspect, the cross-linking agent is a mixture of pentaerythrityl triacrylate and pentaerythrityl tetraacrylate.
For Polymer 1, the crosslinker(s) is (are) included in the range of from about 45 ppm to about 5,000 ppm, alternatively from about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm; alternatively from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, alternatively from about 500 ppm to about 4,500 ppm, alternatively from about 550 ppm to about 4,000 ppm based on the weight of the polymer.
For Polymer 2, the crosslinker(s) is (are) included in the range from 0 ppm to about 40 ppm, alternatively from about 0 ppm to about 20 ppm; alternatively from about 0 ppm to about 10 ppm based on the weight of the polymer.
The chain transfer agent includes mercaptans, malic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, isopropanol and hypophosphites, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the CTA is formic acid.
The CTA is present in a range greater than about 100 ppm based on the weight of the polymer. In one aspect, the CTA is present from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, alternatively from about 500 ppm to about 4,000 ppm, alternatively from about 1,000 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, alternatively from about 1,500 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, alternatively from about 1,500 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, alternatively combinations thereof based on the weight of the polymer. In yet another aspect, the CTA is greater than about 1,000 based on the weight of the polymer. It is also suitable to use mixtures of chain transfer agents.
In one aspect, the polymer comprises a Number Average Molecular Weight (Mn) from about 10,000 Daltons to about 15,000,000 Daltons, alternatively from about 1,500,000 Daltons to about 2,500,000 Daltons.
In another aspect, the polymer comprises a Weight Average Molecular Weight (Mw) from about 4,000,000 Daltons to about 11,000,000 Daltons, alternatively from about 4,000,000 Daltons to about 6,000,000 Daltons.
Stabilizing agent A (nonionic block copolymer): Polyglyceryl-dipolyhydroxystearate with CAS-No. 144470-58-6
Stabilizing agent B is a nonionic ABA-block copolymer with molecular weight of about 5000 g/mol, and a hydrophobic lipophilic balance value (HLB) of 5 to 6, wherein the A block is based on polyhydroxystearic acid and the B block on polyalkylene oxide.
Stabilizing agent C (nonionic block copolymer): PEG-30 Dipolyhydroxystearate, with CAS-Nr. 70142-34-6
Stabilizing agent D (nonionic block copolymer): Alcyd Polyethylenglycol Poly-isobutene stabilizing surfactant with HLB 5-7.
While not essential for the purposes of the present invention, the non-limiting list of adjuncts illustrated hereinafter are suitable for use in the instant compositions and may be desirably incorporated in certain aspects of the invention, for example to assist or enhance cleaning performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the composition as is the case with perfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the fabric treatment operation for which it is to be used. Suitable adjunct materials include, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents and/or pigments.
As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential to Applicants' compositions. Thus, certain aspects of Applicants' compositions do not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials: surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents and/or pigments. However, when one or more adjuncts are present, such one or more adjuncts may be present as detailed below.
Hueing Dye—
The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise a hueing dye. The hueing dyes employed in the present laundry care compositions may comprise polymeric or non-polymeric dyes, organic or inorganic pigments, or mixtures thereof. Preferably the hueing dye comprises a polymeric dye, comprising a chromophore constituent and a polymeric constituent. The chromophore constituent is characterized in that it absorbs light in the wavelength range of blue, red, violet, purple, or combinations thereof upon exposure to light. In one aspect, the chromophore constituent exhibits an absorbance spectrum maximum from about 520 nanometers to about 640 nanometers in water and/or methanol, and in another aspect, from about 560 nanometers to about 610 nanometers in water and/or methanol.
Although any suitable chromophore may be used, the dye chromophore is preferably selected from benzodifuranes, methine, triphenylmethanes, napthalimides, pyrazole, napthoquinone, anthraquinone, azo, oxazine, azine, xanthene, triphenodioxazine and phthalocyanine dye chromophores. Mono and di-azo dye chromophores are may be preferred.
The hueing dye may comprise a dye polymer comprising a chromophore covalently bound to one or more of at least three consecutive repeat units. It should be understood that the repeat units themselves do not need to comprise a chromophore. The dye polymer may comprise at least 5, or at least 10, or even at least 20 consecutive repeat units.
The repeat unit can be derived from an organic ester such as phenyl dicarboxylate in combination with an oxyalkyleneoxy and a polyoxyalkyleneoxy. Repeat units can be derived from alkenes, epoxides, aziridine, carbohydrate including the units that comprise modified celluloses such as hydroxyalkylcellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxybutyl cellulose; and, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose or mixtures thereof. The repeat units may be derived from alkenes, or epoxides or mixtures thereof. The repeat units may be C2-C4 alkyleneoxy groups, sometimes called alkoxy groups, preferably derived from C2-C4 alkylene oxide. The repeat units may be C2-C4 alkoxy groups, preferably ethoxy groups.
For the purposes of the present invention, the at least three consecutive repeat units form a polymeric constituent. The polymeric constituent may be covalently bound to the chromophore group, directly or indirectly via a linking group. Examples of suitable polymeric constituents include polyoxyalkylene chains having multiple repeating units. In one aspect, the polymeric constituents include polyoxyalkylene chains having from 2 to about 30 repeating units, from 2 to about 20 repeating units, from 2 to about 10 repeating units or even from about 3 or 4 to about 6 repeating units. Non-limiting examples of polyoxyalkylene chains include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, glycidol oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
Surfactants—
The compositions according to the present invention may comprise a surfactant or surfactant system wherein the surfactant can be selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, semi-polar nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
The surfactant is typically present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 60%, from about 0.1% to about 60%, from about 1% to about 50% or even from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the subject composition. Alternatively, the surfactant may be present at a level of from about 0.01% to about 60%, from about 0.01% to about 50%, from about 0.01% to about 40%, from about 0.1% to about 25%, from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the subject composition.
Chelating Agents—
The compositions herein may contain a chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include copper, iron and/or manganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. When a chelating agent is used, the composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 15% or even from about 3.0% to about 10% chelating agent by weight of the subject composition.
Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—
The compositions of the present invention may also include one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof.
When present in a subject composition, the dye transfer inhibiting agents may be present at levels from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5% or even from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition.
Dispersants—
The compositions of the present invention can also contain dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials include the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
Perfumes—
The dispersed phase may comprise a perfume that may include materials selected from the group consisting of perfumes such as 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-2-methyl propanal, 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-propanal, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, gamma-damascone, beta-damascenone, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, methyl-7,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-3-one, 2-[2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentan-2-one, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, and beta-dihydro ionone, linalool, ethyllinalool, tetrahydrolinalool, and dihydromyrcenol.
Other Perfume Delivery Technologies—
The fluid fabric enhancer compositions may comprise one or more other perfume delivery technologies that stabilize and enhance the deposition and release of perfume ingredients from treated substrate. Such perfume delivery technologies can also be used to increase the longevity of perfume release from the treated substrate. Perfume delivery technologies, methods of making certain perfume delivery technologies and the uses of such perfume delivery technologies are disclosed in US 2007/0275866 A1.
In one aspect, the fluid fabric enhancer composition may comprise from about 0.001% to about 20%, or from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.05% to about 5%, or even from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the perfume delivery technology. In one aspect, said perfume delivery technologies may be selected from the group consisting of: pro-perfumes, polymer particles, functionalized silicones, polymer assisted delivery, molecule assisted delivery, fiber assisted delivery, amine assisted delivery, cyclodextrins, starch encapsulated accord, zeolite and inorganic carrier, and mixtures thereof:
In one aspect, said perfume delivery technology may comprise an amine reaction product (ARP) or a thiol reaction product. One may also use “reactive” polymeric amines and or polymeric thiols in which the amine and/or thiol functionality is pre-reacted with one or more PRMs to form a reaction product. Typically the reactive amines are primary and/or secondary amines, and may be part of a polymer or a monomer (non-polymer). Such ARPs may also be mixed with additional PRMs to provide benefits of polymer-assisted delivery and/or amine-assisted delivery. Nonlimiting examples of polymeric amines include polymers based on polyalkylimines, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), or polyvinylamine (PVAm). Nonlimiting examples of monomeric (non-polymeric) amines include hydroxyl amines, such as 2-aminoethanol and its alkyl substituted derivatives, and aromatic amines such as anthranilates. The ARPs may be premixed with perfume or added separately in leave-on or rinse-off applications. In another aspect, a material that contains a heteroatom other than nitrogen and/or sulfur, for example oxygen, phosphorus or selenium, may be used as an alternative to amine compounds. In yet another aspect, the aforementioned alternative compounds can be used in combination with amine compounds. In yet another aspect, a single molecule may comprise an amine moiety and one or more of the alternative heteroatom moieties, for example, thiols, phosphines and selenols. The benefit may include improved delivery of perfume as well as controlled perfume release. Suitable ARPs as well as methods of making same can be found in USPA 2005/0003980 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,920 B1.
The compositions of the present invention can be formulated into any suitable form and prepared by any process chosen by the formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in Applicants examples and in US 2013/0109612 A1 which is incorporated herein by reference.
In one aspect, the compositions disclosed herein may be prepared by combining the components thereof in any convenient order and by mixing, e.g., agitating, the resulting component combination to form a phase stable fabric and/or home care composition. In one aspect, a fluid matrix may be formed containing at least a major proportion, or even substantially all, of the fluid components with the fluid components being thoroughly admixed by imparting shear agitation to this liquid combination. For example, rapid stirring with a mechanical stirrer may be employed.
The compositions of the present invention may be used in any conventional manner. In short, they may be used in the same manner as products that are designed and produced by conventional methods and processes. For example, compositions of the present invention can be used to treat a situs inter alia a surface or fabric. Typically at least a portion of the situs is contacted with an aspect of Applicants' composition, in neat form or diluted in a wash liquor, and then the situs is optionally washed and/or rinsed. For purposes of the present invention, washing includes but is not limited to, scrubbing, and mechanical agitation. The fabric may comprise any fabric capable of being laundered in normal consumer use conditions. When the wash solvent is water, the water temperature typically ranges from about 5° C. to about 90° C. and, when the situs comprises a fabric, the water to fabric mass ratio is typically from about 1:1 to about 100:1.
The consumer products of the present invention may be used as liquid fabric enhancers wherein they are applied to a fabric and the fabric is then dried via line drying and/or drying the an automatic dryer.
The viscosity slope value quantifies the rate at which the viscosity increases as a function of increasing polymer concentration. The viscosity slope of a single polymer or of a dual polymer system is determined from viscosity measurements conducted on a series of aqueous solutions which span a range of polymer concentrations. The viscosity slope of a polymer is determined from a series of aqueous polymer solutions and which are termed polymer solvent solutions. The aqueous phase is prepared gravimetrically by adding hydrochloric acid to deionized water to reach a pH of about 3.0. A series of polymer solvent solutions are prepared to logarithmically span between 0.01 and 1 weight percent of the polymer in the aqueous phase. Each polymer solvent solutions is prepared gravimetrically by mixing the polymer and solvent with a SpeedMixer DAC 150 FVZ-K (made by FlackTek Inc. of Landrum, S.C.) for 1 minute at 2,500 RPM in a Max 60 cup or Max 100 cup to the target polymer weight percent of the polymer solvent solution. Polymer solvent solutions are allowed to come to equilibrium by resting for at least 24 hours. Viscosity as a function of shear rate of each polymer solvent solutions is measured at 40 different shear rates using an Anton Paar Rheometer with a DSR 301 measuring head and concentric cylinder geometry. The time differential for each measurement is logarithmic over the range of 180 and 10 seconds and the shear rate range for the measurements is 0.001 to 500 l/seconds (measurements taken from the low shear rate to the high shear rate).
Viscosity at a shear rate of 0.01 l/seconds as a function of polymer weight percent of the polymer solvent solution is fit using the equation Y=bXa wherein X is the polymer concentration in the solvent polymer solution, Y is the polymer solvent solution viscosity, b is the extrapolated solvent polymer solution viscosity when X is extrapolated to unity and the exponent a is polymer concentration viscosity scaling power over the polymer concentration range where the exponent a is the highest value.
The viscosity slope value quantifies the rate at which the viscosity increases as a function of increasing polymer concentration. The viscosity slope of a single polymer or of a dual polymer system is determined from viscosity measurements conducted on a series of aqueous solutions which span a range of polymer concentrations and which are termed polymer solvent solutions. Viscosity analyses are conducted using an Anton Paar Dynamic Shear Rheometer model DSR 301 Measuring Head, equipped with a 32-place Automatic Sample Changer (ASC) with reusable metal concentric cylinder geometry sample holders, and Rheoplus software version 3.62 (all from Anton Paar GmbH., Graz, Austria). All polymer solutions are mixed using a high-speed motorized mixer, such as a Dual Asymmetric Centrifuge SpeedMixer model DAC 150 FVZ-K (FlackTek Inc., Landrum, S.C., USA) or equivalent.
The aqueous phase diluent for all of the aqueous polymer solutions is prepared by adding sufficient concentrated hydrochloric acid (e.g. 16 Baume, or 23% HCl) to deionized water until a pH of about 3.0 is achieved. The polymer(s) are combined with the aqueous phase diluent in a mixer cup (such as the Flacktek Speedmixer Max 100 or Max 60) that is compatible with the mixer to be used and is of a suitable size to hold a sample volume of 35 mL to 100 mL. Sufficient polymer is added to the aqueous phase diluent to achieve a concentration of between 8000-10000 ppm of the single polymer, or of the polymer 2 in the case of a dual polymer system, and to yield a volume of between 35 mL to 100 mL. The mixture of the polymer(s) and the aqueous phase is mixed for 4 minutes at a speed of 3500 RPM. After mixing, this initial polymer solvent solution is put aside to rest in a sealed container for at least 24 hours.
A single viscosity measurement is obtained from each of 32 polymer solvent solutions wherein each solution has a different concentration of polymer. These 32 polymer solvent solutions comprise a series of solutions that span the concentration range of 1000 ppm to 4000 ppm, with the solutions spaced at concentration intervals of approximately every 100 ppm. Each of the 32 polymer solvent solution concentrations is prepared gravimetrically by mixing the initial 8000-10000 ppm polymer solvent solution with sufficient additional aqueous phase diluent to result in a solution having the required target concentration and a volume of 35 mL to 100 mL, which is then mixed for 2 minutes at a speed of 3500 RPM. All of the resultant polymer solvent solutions are put aside to rest in a sealed cup for at least 24 hours. Polymer solutions are loaded into the concentric cylinder sample holders of the rheometer's ASC, using a pipette to fill each cylinder up to the line indicating a volume of 23 mL. The samples are stored in the ASC of the rheometer at a temperature of approximately 21° C. for up to 36 hours until measured. The viscosity of each of the 32 polymer solvent solutions is measured at the shear rate of 0.0105 l/s, and the viscosity value in units of Pa·s is recorded as soon as the value being measured is stable and consistent.
The recorded viscosity values measured at a shear rate of 0.0105 l/s are paired with the value of the respective concentration of the polymer solvent solution measured. The resultant paired data values are plotted as 32 data points on a graph with viscosity in units of Pa·s on the x-axis, and polymer concentration in units of ppm on the y-axis. This data set is subsampled repeatedly to yield 30 subsets, wherein each subset comprises three consecutive data points. The subset creation process begins with the data point at the lowest polymer concentration and advances in sequence increasing toward the highest polymer concentration, until 30 unique subsets have been created. The subset creation process advances up to higher concentrations in steps of 1 data point at a time.
The three data points in each subset are fit with the following linear equation, using linear least squares regression, to determine the value of the exponent “a” for each of the 30 subsets:
Y=bXa
wherein;
X is the polymer concentration in the solvent polymer solution (in ppm),
Y is the polymer solvent solution viscosity (in Pa·s)
b is the extrapolated solvent polymer solution viscosity (in Pa·s) when X is extrapolated to the value of 1 ppm,
and the exponent a is a unitless parameter.
The Viscosity Slope value reported for the material being tested is the highest value calculated for the exponent “a”, of all of the 30 values calculated for the exponent “a” from the 30 subsets.
Brookfield viscosity is measured using a Brookfield DV-E viscometer. The liquid is contained in a glass jar, where the width of the glass jar is from about 5.5 to 6.5 cm and the height of the glass jar is from about 9 to about 11 cm. For viscosities below 500 cPs, use spindle LV2 at 60 RPM, and to measure viscosities from 500 to 2,000 cPs, use spindle LV3 at 60 RPM. The test is conducted in accordance with the instrument's instructions. Initial Brookfield viscosity is defined as the Brookfield viscosity measured within 24 hours of making the subject composition.
Physical stability is assessed by visual observation of the product in an undisturbed glass jar, where the width of the glass jar is from about 5.5 to 6.5 cm and the height of the glass jar is from about 9 to about 11 cm, after 4 weeks at 25° C. Using a ruler with millimeter graduation, the height of the liquid in the jar and the height of any visually observed phase separation are measured. The Stability Index is defined as the height of the phase split divided by the height of the liquid in the glass jar. A product with no visually observable phase split is given a stability index of zero.
The sample consists of a solution of 1% on polymer and 3% on NaCl. With this purpose the calculated amount of sample is weighted in a 50 mL volumetric flask, dissolved initially with a small amount of the 3%-NaCl solution and then the flask is filled until the calibration mark (under the meniscus). A magnetic bar is introduced in the flask and stirred for 30 min.
(There should be no visible supernatant, otherwise, the sample should be filtered). Finally, the solution is transferred to the Ubeholde Viscometer and attached to the machine. The sample is tempered for 10 min in the machine at 25° C. and four measurements are carried out. The machine pumps the sample solution through the capillary and waits 10 min before the measurement starts. Subsequently the fourfold measurement takes place (if an outlier occurs, a new measurement takes place automatically).
For the determination of soluble and insoluble parts of the polymer, fractionation experiments using Analytical ultracentrifugation were performed. Sedimentation velocity runs using a Beckman Optima XL-I (Beckman Instruments, Palo Alto, USA) with interference optical detection system (wavelength 675 nm) was used. The samples have been measured at polymer concentrations below critical polymer overlap concentration using salt solution to insure polyelectrolyte screening effect. The centrifugation speed was varied between 1000 rpm and 45,000 rpm.
The sedimentation coefficient, defined as a median value for each fraction, and the concentration of one sedimenting fraction were determined using a standard analysis Software (SEDFIT) using the density and viscosity of the solvent, and a specific refractive index increment of the polymer. The sedimentation coefficient is in units of Sved (1Sved=10−13 seconds). The standard deviation for the determination of weight fraction and sedimentation coefficients of water soluble and crosslinked water-swellable polymers is 3%, 10% and up to 30% respectively. The weight percent of soluble polymer is the AUC value.
The weight average molecular weights of the cationic polymers of the present invention are determined by the technique of Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). SEC separation is carried out under conditions including three hydrophilic vinyl polymer network Novema gel columns, in distilled water ion the presence of 0.1% (w/w) trifluoroacetate and 0.1 M NaCl at 35° C. Calibration is conducted with narrowly distributed poly(2-vinylpyridine)-standard of company PSS, Deutschland with molecular weights Mw=839 to M=2.070.000.
An aqueous phase of water soluble components is prepared by admixing together the following components:
The two phases are mixed together in a ratio of 43 parts oil phase to 57 parts aqueous phase under high shear to form a water-in-oil emulsion. The resulting water-in-oil emulsion is transferred to a reactor equipped with nitrogen sparge tube, stirrer and thermometer. 0.11 g (0.025 pphm) 2,2-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitril) is added and the emulsion is purged with nitrogen to remove oxygen.
Polymerisation is effected by addition of a redox couple of sodium metabisulphite and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (one shot: 2.25 g (1% in solvent/0.005 pphm) stepwise such that is a temperature increase of 1.5° C./min. After the isotherm is completed the emulsion held at 85° C. for 60 minutes. Then residual monomer reduction with 18.25 g (0.25 pphm) tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (6.16% in solvent) and 21.56 g (0.25 pphm) sodium metabisulphite (5.22% in emulsion) is started (1.5 hours feeding time).
Vacuum distillation is carried out to remove water and volatile solvent to give a final product, i.e. a dispersion containing 50% polymer solids.
To this product addition is made of 63.0 g (14.0 pphm) of a fatty alcohol alkoxylate [alcohol C6-C17(secondary) poly(3-6)ethoxylate: 97% secondary alcohol ethoxylate+3% poly(ethylene oxide)], (CAS No. 84133-50-6).
Examples P1.1.1 to P1.1.14 in Table 1 are prepared according to the same process as the one described above for Example 1.
An aqueous phase of water soluble components is prepared by admixing together the following components:
The two phases are mixed together in a ratio of 43 parts oil phase to 57 parts aqueous phase under high shear to form a water-in-oil emulsion. The resulting water-in-oil emulsion is transferred to a reactor equipped with nitrogen sparge tube, stirrer and thermometer. 0.11 g (0.025 pphm) 2,2-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitril) is added and the emulsion is purged with nitrogen to remove oxygen.
Polymerisation is effected by addition of a redox couple of sodium metabisulphite and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (one shot: 2.25 g (1% in solvent/0.005 pphm)) stepwise such that is a temperature increase of 1.5° C./min. After the isotherm is completed the emulsion held at 85° C. for 60 minutes. Then residual monomer reduction with 18.25 g (0.25 pphm) tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (6.16% in solvent) and 21.56 g (0.25 pphm) sodium metabisulphite (5.22% in emulsion) is started (1.5 hours feeding time).
Vacuum distillation is carried out to remove water and volatile solvent to give a final product, i.e. a dispersion containing 50% polymer solids.
To this product addition is made of 63.0 g (14.0 pphm) of a fatty alcohol alkoxylate [alcohol C6-C17(secondary) poly(3-6)ethoxylate: 97% secondary alcohol ethoxylate+3% poly(ethylene oxide)], (CAS No. 84133-50-6).
Examples P1.2.1 to P1.2.28 in Table 1 are prepared according to the same process as the one described above for Example 2.
An aqueous phase of water soluble components is prepared by admixing together the following components:
The two phases are mixed together in a ratio of 43 parts oil phase to 57 parts aqueous phase under high shear to form a water-in-oil emulsion. The resulting water-in-oil emulsion is transferred to a reactor equipped with nitrogen sparge tube, stirrer and thermometer. 0.11 g (0.025 pphm) 2,2-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitril) is added and the emulsion is purged with nitrogen to remove oxygen.
Polymerisation is effected by addition of a redox couple of sodium metabisulphite and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (one shot: 2.25 g (1% in solvent/0.005 pphm) stepwise such that is a temperature increase of 1.5° C./min. After the isotherm is completed the emulsion held at 85° C. for 60 minutes. Then residual monomer reduction with 18.25 g (0.25 pphm) tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (6.16% in solvent) and 21.56 g (0.25 pphm) sodium metabisulphite (5.22% in emulsion) is started (1.5 hours feeding time).
Vacuum distillation is carried out to remove water and volatile solvent to give a final product, i.e. a dispersion containing 50% polymer solids.
To this product addition is made of 63.0 g (14.0 pphm) of a fatty alcohol alkoxylate [alcohol C6-C17(secondary) poly(3-6)ethoxylate: 97% secondary alcohol ethoxylate+3% poly(ethylene oxide)], (CAS No. 84133-50-6).
Examples P1.3.1 to P1.3.2 in Table 1 is prepared according to the same process as the one described above for Example 3.
Into a 2 L glass reactor equipped with a thermometer, an anchor stirrer, a nitrogen feed and a reflux condenser, 0.57 g of a 40% aqueous solution of Trilon C, 10.96 g (0.057 mole) of citric acid and 747 g of ion exchanged water were charged. Thereafter, the solution was purged by a flow of nitrogen gas and the inner temperature was elevated to 70° C. Afterwards 0.57 g of Wako V50 in 36.09 g of ion exchanged water were added thereto, 90.06 g (0.634 mole) of 50% aqueous acrylamide solution and 230.05 g (1.188 mole) of a 84% solution of dimethylaminoethylacrylate-methochloride in 25.56 g of ion exchanged water were added continuously to the reaction system over 2 hours 45 min while keeping the inner temperature at 70° C. Thereafter, the inner temperature was kept at 70° C. for 1 hour to complete the reaction. Afterwards 1.15 g of Wako V50 in 7.16 g of ion exchanged water were added at once and the reaction stirred for 2 h, before cooling down. The obtained product is a 21.9% aqueous polymer solution having a pH of 2.8 and a K-value of 55.5.
Into a 2 L glass reactor equipped with a thermometer, an anchor stirrer, a nitrogen feed and a reflux condenser, 0.58 g of a 40% aqueous solution of Trilon C, 4.16 g (0.09 mole) of formic acid and 300 g of ion exchanged water were charged. Thereafter, the solution was purged by a flow of nitrogen gas and the inner temperature was elevated to 65° C. Afterwards 0.35 g of Wako V50 in 22.37 g of ion exchanged water were added thereto, 90.43 g (0.636 mole) of 50% aqueous acrylamide solution and 230.98 g (0.954 mole) of a 8% solution of dimethylaminoethylacrylate-methochloride in 25.66 g of ion exchanged water were added continuously to the reaction system over 3 hours 45 min while keeping the inner temperature at 65° C. Thereafter, the inner temperature was kept at 65° C. for 1 hour to complete the reaction. Afterwards 1.15 g of Wako V50 in 7.16 g of ion exchanged water were added at once and the reaction stirred for 2 h, before cooling down. The obtained product is a 35.5% aqueous polymer solution having a pH of 2.68 and a K-value of 52.9.
Compositions having the listed amounts of materials are made by combining the ammonium quat active with water using shear then the other materials are combined with the ammonium quat/water and mixed to form a fabric softener composition. Adjunct ingredients such as perfume, dye and stabilizer may be added as desired.
0.01-2%;
a N,N-di(alkanoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride where alkyl consists predominatly of C16-C18 alkyl chains with an IV value of about 20 available from Evonik
b Methyl bis[ethyl (tallowate)]-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate available from Stepan
c N,N-di(alkanoyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride where alkyl consists predominatly of C16-C18 alkyl chains with an IV value of about 52 available from Evonik
d Low molecular weight alcohol such as ethanol or isopropanol
e Perfume microcapsules available ex Appleton Papers, Inc.
f Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or hydroxyl ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid
g 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ONE (BIT) under the trade name Proxel available from Lonza
h Silicone antifoam agent available from Dow Corning ® under the trade name DC2310
i Polymer 1 are chosen from Table 1 and Polymer 2 are chosen from Table 2
j Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride under the trade name Bardac ® 2280 or Hydrogenated tallowalkyl(2-ethylhexyl)dimethyl ammonium methylsulfate from AkzoNobel under the trade name Arquad ® HTL8-MS
k Non-ionic surfactant from BASF under the trade name Lutensol ® XL-70
l Non-ionic surfactant, such as TWEEN 20 ™ or TAE80 (tallow ethoxylated alcohol, with average degree of ethoxylation of 80)
m Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion from Dow Corning under the trade name DC346 ®.
n Rheovis CDE ® commercially available from BASF
Fabrics are assessed using Kenmore FS 600 and/or 80 series washer machines. Wash Machines are set at: 32° C./15° C. wash/rinse temperature, 6 gpg hardness, normal cycle, and medium load (64 liters). Fabric bundles consist of 2.5 kilograms of clean fabric consisting of 100% cotton. Test swatches are included with this bundle and comprise of 100% cotton Euro Touch terrycloth towels (purchased from Standard Textile, Inc. Cincinnati, Ohio). Prior to treatment with any test products, the fabric bundles are stripped according to the Fabric Preparation-Stripping and Desizing procedure before running the test. Tide Free liquid detergent (1× recommended dose) is added under the surface of the water after the machine is at least half full. Once the water stops flowing and the washer begins to agitate, the clean fabric bundle is added. When the machine is almost full with rinse water, and before agitation has begun, the fabric care testing composition is slowly added (1× dose), ensuring that none of the fabric care testing composition comes in direct contact with the test swatches or fabric bundle. When the wash/rinse cycle is complete, each wet fabric bundle is transferred to a corresponding dryer. The dryer used is a Maytag commercial series (or equivalent) electric dryer, with the timer set for 55 minutes on the cotton/high heat/timed dry setting. This process is repeated for a total of three (3) complete wash-dry cycles. After the third drying cycle and once the dryer stops, 12 Terry towels from each fabric bundle are removed for actives deposition analysis. The fabrics are then placed in a constant Temperature/Relative Humidity (21° C., 50% relative humidity) controlled grading room for 12-24 hours and then graded for softness and/or actives deposition.
The Fabric Preparation-Stripping and Desizing procedure includes washing the clean fabric bundle (2.5 Kg of fabric comprising 100% cotton) including the test swatches of 100% cotton EuroTouch terrycloth towels for 5 consecutive wash cycles followed by a drying cycle. AATCC (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists) High Efficiency (HE) liquid detergent is used to strip/de-size the test swatch fabrics and clean fabric bundle (1× recommended dose per wash cycle). The wash conditions are as follows: Kenmore FS 600 and/or 80 series wash machines (or equivalent), set at: 48° C./48° C. wash/rinse temperature, water hardness equal to 0 gpg, normal wash cycle, and medium sized load (64 liters). The dryer timer is set for 55 minutes on the cotton/high/timed dry setting.
Silicone is extracted from approximately 0.5 grams of fabric (previously treated according to the test swatch treatment procedure) with 12 mL of either 50:50 toluene:methylisobutyl ketone or 15:85 ethanol:methylisobutyl ketone in 20 mL scintillation vials. The vials are agitated on a pulsed vortexer for 30 minutes. The silicone in the extract is quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). ICP calibration standards of known silicone concentration are made using the same or a structurally comparable type of silicone raw material as the products being tested. The working range of the method is 8-2300 μg silicone per gram of fabric. Concentrations greater than 2300 μg silicone per gram of fabric can be assessed by subsequent dilution. Deposition efficiency index of silicone is determined by calculating as a percentage, how much silicone is recovered, via the aforementioned extraction and measurement technique, versus how much is delivered via the formulation examples. The analysis is performed on terrycloth towels (EuroSoft towel, sourced from Standard Textile, Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio) that are treated according to the wash procedure outlined herein.
The Recovery Index is measured using a Tensile and Compression Tester Instrument, such as the Instron Model 5565 (Instron Corp., Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.). The instrument is configured by selecting the following settings: the mode is Tensile Extension; the Waveform Shape is Triangle; the Maximum Strain is 10%, the Rate is 0.83 mm/sec, the number of Cycles is 4; and the Hold time is 15 seconds between cycles.
For the examples cited a Thwing-Albert FP2250 Friction/Peel Tester with a 2 kilogram force load cell is used to measure fabric to fabric friction. (Thwing Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, N.J.). The sled is a clamping style sled with a 6.4 by 6.4 cm footprint and weighs 200 g (Thwing Albert Model Number 00225-218). A comparable instrument to measure fabric to fabric friction would be an instrument capable of measuring frictional properties of a horizontal surface. A 200 gram sled that has footprint of 6.4 cm by 6.4 cm and has a way to securely clamp the fabric without stretching it would be comparable. It is important, though, that the sled remains parallel to and in contact with the fabric during the measurement. The distance between the load cell to the sled is set at 10.2 cm. The crosshead arm height to the sample stage is adjusted to 25 mm (measured from the bottom of the cross arm to the top of the stage) to ensure that the sled remains parallel to and in contact with the fabric during the measurement. The following settings are used to make the measure:
The 11.4 cm×6.4 cm cut fabric piece is attached, per FIG. 2, to the clamping sled (10) with the face down (11) (so that the face of the fabric on the sled is pulled across the face of the fabric on the sample plate) which corresponds to friction sled cut (7) of FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 2, the loops of the fabric on the sled (12) are oriented such that when the sled (10) is pulled, the fabric (11) is pulled against the nap of the loops (12) of the test fabric cloth (see FIG. 2). The fabric from which the sled sample is cut is attached to the sample table such that the sled drags over the area labeled “Friction Drag Area” (8) as seen in FIG. 1. The loop orientation (13) is such that when the sled is pulled over the fabric it is pulled against the loops (13) (see FIG. 2). Direction arrow (14) indicates direction of sled (10) movement.
The sled is placed on the fabric and attached to the load cell. The crosshead is moved until the load cell registers between ˜1.0-2.0 gf, and is then moved back until the load reads 0.0 gf. At this point the sled drag is commenced and the Kinetic Coefficient of Friction (kCOF) recorded at least every second during the sled drag. The kinetic coefficient of friction is averaged over the time frame starting at 10 seconds and ending at 20 seconds for the sled speed set at 20.0 cm/min. For each treatment, at least ten replicate fabrics are measured.
Fabrics were treated with compositions of the current invention using the Fabric Preparation method described within. The perfume release over fabric data was generated using standard dynamic purge and trap analysis of fabric headspace with gas chromatography (GC) and detector to measure perfume headspace levels. The headspace analysis was performed on wet and dry fabric and total perfume counts were normalized to one of the test legs to show the relative benefit of compositions of the present invention. For example, a wet fabric perfume headspace (normalized to 1.0) shows that Leg C has 50% more perfume headspace above the wet fabric than Leg A.
GC—
Detector Analysis of Fabric Samples for Perfume Release: A total of 3 pieces of treated fabric 1″×2″ in size are placed into 3 clean 40 ml bottles (for a total of 9 fabrics) and allowed to equilibrate for about 1 hour. The fabric pieces are cut from different fabrics within each load to account for fabric-to-fabric variability. Instrument conditions should be modified to achieve adequate PRM signal detection while avoiding peak saturation. A DB 5 column was used with 20 sec sample collection with a ramp of 40-180° C. at 5-10 deg/sec and a detector temperature of 35° C.
Olfactive Panel—
The Olfactive Panel is run with about 20 qualified panelists. Each panelist is given fabrics treated with compositions of the current invention to grade. A Panel typically consists of 4 to 6 treatments, which are randomized. Each panelist grades the fabric treatments for intensity (scale 0-100) based on the anchors that are prepared to provide intensities representing 20, 50, and 80 on a scale of 0-100). On the scale, 0 refers to a fabric with no scent intensity and 100 to a fabric with extremely strong/over-powering scent intensity. Panelists sniff fabrics and record an intensity grade for the Dry Fabric Odor (DFO). Optionally, panelists can sniff and grade fabrics after rubbing the dry fabric to give grades for Rubbed Fabric Odor (RFO). Optionally, panelists can evaluate other touch points such as wet fabric odor (WFO).
Fabrics were treated with compositions of the current invention using the Fabric Preparation method described within. The softness of the fabrics on a 1-10 scale were then evaluated by at least 20 panelists. The results are show below in Tables 3, 4 and 5.
Fabrics were treated with compositions of the current invention using the Fabric Preparation method described within. The results are show below in Tables 8.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”.
All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.
While particular aspects of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62286997 | Jan 2016 | US |
