Treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with aging and with dementia syndromes

The present invention relates to the use of 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines and the non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with aging and with dementia syndromes.
2-Amino-1,3,5-triazines which are substituted in the 4-position by an amino group, an amino group mono- or disubstituted by an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical, or by a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic radical, and in the 6-position by an alkyl, aryl or aralkyl radical are already known from Japanese Patent Application No. 69688/74. A representative compound of this family is 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine. According to this patent application, these compounds have the property of increasing the secretion of corticoids and in particular glucocorticoids.
K. WAKABAYASHI KO et al. (Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokai Shi, 28, (1970), 252-260; Chem. Abstr. 72, (1970), 100653v) have moreover studied the herbicidal activity of 2-alkyl-4,6-bis(alkylamino)-1,3,5-triazines in which the radical in the 2-position contains 1 to 17 carbon atoms and can also represent the trichloromethyl, tribromomethyl or 2-chloroethyl group, whilst the radicals in the 4- and 6-position are identical and can be substituted by a hydroxyl group, or represent a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic radical, such as the piperidino or morpholino radical. A representative compound of this family is 2-methyl-4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazine. It is pointed out, however, that the pharmacological properties of these compounds have not been investigated by these authors.
On the other hand, the antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsive, hypotensive, antihypoxic, antiarrhythmic, fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, antiallergic, antihistamine and immunological activity and the depressant or stimulating activity of central origin of 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines which are substituted in the 4-position by a dimethylamino, butylamino, phenethylamino or morpholino radical and in the 6-position by an alkyl radical containing 5 to 17 carbon atoms are also studied in a publication by T. SCIORTINO et al. (Boll. Chim. Farm. 116, (1977), 637-643). Two representative compounds of this family are 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-pentyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2-amino-4-(dimethylamino)-6-pentyl-1,3,5-triazine. However, no interesting pharmacological activity had been found for these compounds.
Finally, French Patent Application No. 2,262,512 teaches 2-amino-1,3,5triazines, which are substituted in the 4-position by a halogen atom, a hydrazino group, a dialkylaminoalkylamino radical or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic radical such as for example a substituted piperazino radical, and in the 6-position by a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or phenyl radical, whereby the amino group in the 2-position can possibly be substituted by an alkyl or dialkylaminoalkyl radical or forms part of a piperazine ring. According to this French patent application, these compounds can be used in human or veterinary therapy, particularly as analgesics and psychotropes. However, the pharmacological tests described give only data for three piperazine derivatives and only with regard to their analgesic activity. The nature of the psychotropic activity of these compounds is neither made clear nor substantiated in the tests.
We have now discovered that appropriately substituted 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines have the precious property of potentiating the central and peripheral cholinergic effects caused by a cholinomimetic agent such as, for example, oxotremorine, even though these compounds do not have a cholinergic effect of their own. Moreover, it has also been found that these compounds have the advantageous property of attenuating the effects resulting from cholinergic hypofunction induced by a cholinergic antagonist such as, for example, scopolamine. The cholinergic system is widely involved in the phenomena of memorization and learning. Thus, for example, administration of an anticholinergic agent such as scopolamine to young subjects gives rise to memory deficiencies similar to those observed in elderly subjects. Conversely, cholinergic agents, such as physostigmine, are capable of combating the amnesia resulting from the administration of anticholinergic agents (S.D. GLICK et al., Behavioral Biology, 7 (1972), 245-254; U. SCHINDLER et al., Drug Develop. Res. 4, (1984), 567-576). It is furthermore currently well-established that one of the characteristics most frequently associated with dementia is precisely an impairment of the cholinergic system (Cellular and molecular basis of cholinergic function, ed. M.J. DOWDALL & J.N. HAWTHORNE, 1987, chapter 99: art. by A. NORDBERG et al.). For this reason, these compounds are very useful for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment of cognitive and bahavioral disorders associated with aging and with dementia syndromes. In particular, they are effective in the treatment of disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease, with senile dementia, Alzheimer's type and with any evolutive cognitive pathology (C. G. GOTTFRIES, Psychopharmacology, 86, (1985), 245-252; C. G. GOTTFRIES, Neurobiology of Ageing, 4, (1983), 261-271).
Thus, the present invention relates to a new and useful method for the treatment in man of cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with aging and with dementia syndromes by administering thereto an effective amount of a 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, aralkyl or acetyl radical,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkylamino, aryl-hydroxyalkyl, (hydroxy-cycloalkyl)alkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl, benzoyloxyalkyl, phenylacetyloxyalkyl or aminocarbonyloxyalkyl radical, a COR.sub.3 group, in which R.sub.3 represents an alkyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkylaryl, alkoxyaryl, aralkyl or aryloxy radical, or a CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5 group, in which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, or
R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, represent an alkyleneimino radical substituted by a hydroxyalkyl radical, the alkyl, alkoxy and alkanoyloxy radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the cycloalkyl and alkyleneimino radicals having 4 to 6 carbon atoms,
with the proviso that when R.sub.1 represents the acetyl radical, R.sub.2 represents an acetorxalkyl radical, or of a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.
As examples of the hydroxyalkyl radical, there may be mentioned the 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl and 2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl radicals, and the like.
As an example of an aryl-hydroxyalkyl radical there may be mentioned the 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenylethyl radical, and the like.
As an example of the alkanoyloxyalkyl radical there may be mentioned the 2-(acetoxy)ethyl and 2-(isobutyryloxy)ethyl radicals, and the like.
As an example of the (hydroxy-cycloalkyl)alkyl radical there may be mentioned the (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl radical. and the like.
As an example of an alkyleneimino radical substituted by a hydroxyalkyl radical there may be mentioned the 2-hydroxymethylpyrrolidino and 2-hydroxymethyl-piperidino radicals, and the like.
Preferred 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines, the therapeutic use of which constitutes the subject matter of the present invention, are those having the formula I in which
R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical,
R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkylamino or alkanoyloxyalkyl radical or a COR.sub.3 group, in which R.sub.3 represents an aryl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy radical, the alkyl, alkoxy and alkanoyloxy radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
and the non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.
The compounds which are particularly preferably used include:
2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine hydrochloride,
2-(methylamino)-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine hydrochloride,
2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1.3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol,
2-(hydroxyamino)-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine,
2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine,
(S)-3-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-propanol,
(R)-3-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3.5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-propanol,
2-(2,2-dimethylhydrazino)-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine,
N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-benzamide hydrochloride,
N-methyl-N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-benzamide hydrochloride,
2-[[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine.
The present invention also relates to the use of non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the 2-amino-4-morpholino- 6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines of the formula I. As examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acids there may be mentioned mineral acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric and phosphoric acid, and organic acids, such as acetic, citric, tartaric, benzoic, salicylic and maleic acid.
The compounds of the formula I may be either in the racemic form or in the form of one of the enantiomers, when the molecule contains an asymmetric carbon atom. The use of these various forms is also within the scope of the present invention.
The compounds of the formula I are new compounds, with the exception of the compound in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom (c.f. Japanese Patent Application No. 69688/74 mentioned above).
The 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines to be used according to the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods, and more particularly by one of the following processes:
(a) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkylamino, aryl-hydroxyalkyl or (hydroxy-cycloalkyl)alkyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent an alkyleneimino radical substituted by a hydroxyalkyl radical, 2-chloro-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula II is reacted with an amine of the formula HNR.sub.1 R.sub.2 (III) according to the equation ##STR3## In these formulae, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given above.
(b) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkylamino, aryl-hydroxyalkyl or (hydroxy-cycloalkyl)alkyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent an alkyleneimino radical substituted by a hydroxyalkyl radical, a 2-amino-4-chloro-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula IV is reacted with a morpholine of the formula V according to the equation ##STR4## In these formulae R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meaning given above and Z represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical.
Processes (a) and (b) are carried out at elevated temperature, generally at the boiling point of the solvent used, and in the presence of a base. The solvent in which these reactions are carried out is either the amine itself, used in excess, or an inert organic solvent, preferably dioxane, and in the latter case, the base used is an inorganic or organic base other than the amine used in the reaction, for example triethylamine.
The 2-chloro-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine (II) used as the starting compound is already known (T. TSUJIKAWA et al., Yakugaku Zasshi, 95, (1975), 512-520).
The starting compounds of the formula IV are prepared by conventional methods, by reacting 2,4-dichloro-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine with an amine of the formula HNR.sub.1 R.sub.2 (III), in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given above.
(c) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents a COR.sub.3 group, in which R.sub.3 is an alkyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkylaryl, alkoxyaryl, aralkyl or aryloxy radical, the alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula VI is reacted, in equimolar proportions, with an R.sub.3 -carbonyl halide of the formula VII according to the equation ##STR5## In these formulae, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the meanings given above and Hal represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom. This reaction is known per se and is generally carried out in an organic solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane or pyridine, at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent and in the presence of an acid acceptor, such as a tertiary organic base (e.g. triethylamine or pyridine) or an inorganic base.
The starting compounds of the formula VI can be prepared by one of the two processes (a) or (b) described above.
(d) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents an alkanoyloxyalkyl, benzoyloxyalkyl or phenylacetyloxyalkyl radical, the alkyl and alkanoyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a (4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminoalkanol of the formula VIII is reacted, in equimolar proportions, with an R.sub.6 -carbonyl halide of the formula IX according to the equation ##STR6## In these formulae, R.sub.1 has the meaning given above, alk represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene radical, R.sub.6 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl radical, phenyl or benzyl and Hal represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom.
This reaction is known per se and is generally carried out in an organic solvent, such as, for example, dichloromethane, dichloroethane or pyridine, at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 25.degree. C. and in the presence of an acid acceptor, such as an organic tertiary base (e.g. triethylamine or pyridine) or an inorganic base. The starting compounds of the formula VIII can be prepared by one of the two processes (a) or (b) described above.
(e) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents a CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5 group. in which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical, the alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl (4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-carbamate of the formula X is reacted with a nitrogen compound of the formula HNR.sub.4 R.sub.5 (XI) according to the equation ##STR7## In these formulae, R.sub.1, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the meanings given above.
This reaction is generally carried out in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between -45.degree. C. and +25.degree. C.
The starting compounds of the formula X can be prepared according to process (c) above, by reacting a 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula VI, in which R.sub.1 has the meaning given above, with an R.sub.3 -carbonyl halide of the formula VII, in which R.sub.3 represents the phenoxy radical and Hal represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom. (f) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or aralkyl radical and R.sub.2 represents an aminocarbonyloxyalkyl radical, the alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, ammonia is reacted with a 2-morpholino-4-(phenoxycarbonyloxyalkylamino)-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine of the formula XII according to the equation ##STR8## In these formulae, R.sub.1 has the meaning given above and alk represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene radical.
This reaction is generally carried out in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between -35.degree. C. and -45.degree. C.
The starting compounds of the formula XII can be prepared according to process (d) above, by reacting a (4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminoalkanol of the formula VIII with a phenyl haloformate of the formula XIII according to the equation ##STR9## In these formulae, R.sub.1 has the meaning given above, alk represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene radical and Hal represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom.
(g) When in formula I, R.sub.1 represents the acetyl radical and R.sub.2 an acetoxyalkyl radical, the alkyl radical of which has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, at least two moles of an acetyl halide, preferably acetyl chloride, are reacted with one mole of a (4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminoalkanol of the formula XIV according to the equation ##STR10## In these formulae, alk represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene radical and Hal represents a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine atom.
This reaction is carried out in an inert solvent, such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent and in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine.
The starting compounds of the formula XIV can be prepared in accordance with one of the two processes (a) or (b) described above.
The non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts can be prepared from the 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines of the formula I by methods which are known per se.
The preparation of 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl 1,3,5-triazines of the formula I, to be used according to the present invention, is given below by way of example.
2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol (compound 1)
145.5 (0.6 mole) of 2-chloro-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are dissolved in 600 ml of dioxane. A solution of 444 g (7.28 moles) of 2-aminoethanol in 600 ml of dioxane is introduced dropwise into this solution in the course of about 80 minutes, with thorough stirring. The reaction mixture is then heated under reflux for 7 hours. It is cooled, 2-aminoethanol hydrochloride which has formed is separated off by decantation and the dioxane is removed under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is dissolved in 5 liters of diethyl ether. This solution is washed with water and the washing water is extracted again with dichloromethane. The organic phases are combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The solid residue obtained is recrystallized from a 50:50 mixture (v/v) of ethyl acetate-petroleum ether. 139.8 g of 2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol are obtained.
Yield: 88%. M.P.: 95.degree.-99.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.12 H.sub.21 N.sub.5 OI.sub.2 in %
______________________________________calc.: C 53.91 N 7.92 N 26.20found: 54.30 8.10 26.13______________________________________
The 2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol can be in two different crystalline forms, depending on whether the product has been recrystallized from methanol (M.P.: 97.degree.-99.degree. C.) or from toluene (M.P.: 89.degree.-90.degree. C.).
The compounds of the formula I summarized in Table I are prepared in the same manner.
TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________2-R-4-Morpholino-6-propyl-1.3.5-triazines AnalysisCompound R Substituent Moles (1) Yield (%) M.P. (.degree.C.) calc. (%) found (%)__________________________________________________________________________ 2 NHOH 1.1(2) 51.6 93-94 C 55.68 55.70 H 8.20 8.19 N 32.24 32.19 3 NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH 2 86.6 95-96 C 55.51 55.02 H 8.18 8.26 N 24.91 24.42 4 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH.sub.2 OH 2 74.6 79-80 C 56.95 56.95 H 8.47 8.61 N 23.73 23.42 5 ##STR11## 3 90.0 104-105 C 55.52 H 8.19 N 55.50 8.00 23.48 6 ##STR12## 1(3) 22.0 56-57 C 56.95 H 8.47 N 56.76 8.37 23.50 7 ##STR13## 2 75.4 90-91 C 56.95 H 8.47 N 56.92 8.40 23.60 8 NHC(CH.sub.3).sub.2CH.sub.2 OH 2 32.2 85-86 C 56.95 57.87 H 8.47 8.12 N 23.73 24.24 9 N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH 2 62.6 32-33 C 55.51 55.48 H 8.19 8.30 N 24.91 24.8610 NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3 2 42.7 44-45 C 55.52 55.60 H 8.19 8.20 N 24.91 24.9911 NHCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 OH 68.7 119-120 C 52.52 52.69 H 7.74 7.76 N 23.57 23.6012 NHC(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3 2 61.0 110-111 C 51.37 50.94 H 7.64 7.53 N 21.41 21.1613 NHC(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.2CH.sub.3 2 48.0 121-122 C 54.02 54.13 H 8.04 8.00 N 22.5 22.214 N(CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5)C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH 2 50 57-58 C 63.86 64.60 H 7.56 7.76 N 19.6 19.815 NHCH(CH.sub.2 OH)CHOHC.sub.6 H.sub.5 2 63 107-108 C 61.13 62.00 H 7.24 7.45 N 18.77 18.92 16(4) NHCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.3 2 38 97-98 C 55.52 56.30 H 8.19 8.42 N 24.91 24.70 17(5) NHCH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.3 2 49 94-95 C 55.52 55.64 H 8.19 8.13 N 24.91 24.7318 ##STR14## 2 63 75-76 C 60.90 H 8.66 N 59.83 8.73 20.48 19(6) ##STR15## 2 47 134-136 C 52.40 H 7.57 N 52.48 7.40 19.8320 NHN(CH.sub.3).sub.2 2 62.6 105-106 C 54.14 54.39 H 8.97 8.81 N 31.58 31.65__________________________________________________________________________ (1)number of moles of amine per mole of starting compound; (2)in the presence of 2 moles of triethylamine; (3)in the presence of 1 mole of triethylamine; (4)enantiomer with S configuration; [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 = +15.3 (C = 1 methanol); (5)enantiomer with R configuration; [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 = -16.1 (C = 1 methanol); (6)hydrochloride.
The 2-chloro-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine used as starting compound for the synthesis of the compounds mentioned above has been prepared according to the method described by T. TSUJIKAWA et al. (Yakugaku Zasshi, 95, (1975), 512-520) starting from 2,4-dichloro-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine. This last compound has been prepared according to the process of R. HIRT et al. (Helv. Chim. Acta, 33, (1950), 1365-69).
N-(4-Morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-acetamide (compound 21)
4 g (0.05 mole) of acetyl chloride are added dropwise into a solution of 11.2 g (0.05 mole) of 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine in 100 ml of anhydrous pyridine at room temperature. The mixture is stirred for 6 hours and then allowed to stand for 48 hours. The pyridine hydrochloride is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is taken up once in toluene, and the mixture is evaporated again. The residue is then taken up in dichloromethane and the solution is washed with water and dried over sodium sulfate. The residue obtained after evaporation of the solvent is purified by chromatography over silica (eluent: 90:10 v/v) dichloromethane-ethanol) and the product is finally recrystallized from ethyl acetate. 5.75 g of N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-acetamide are obtained. Yield: 43.4%. M.P.: 141.degree.-142.degree. C. (Compound 21a). Hydrochloride: M.P.: 145.degree.-146.degree. C. (isopropyl alcohol-ether). (Compound 21b).
Analysis for C.sub.12 H.sub.19 N.sub.5 O.sub.2. HCl in %
______________________________________calc.: C 47.76 H 6.63 N 23.22 Cl.sup.- 11.77found: 47.78 6.73 22.80 11.62______________________________________
N-(4-Morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-benzamide (hydrochloride) (compound 22)
A solution of 7.7 g (0.055 mole) of benzoyl chloride in 50 ml of dichloroethane and a solution of 5.5 g (0.055 mole) of triethylamine in 50 ml of dichloroethane are successively added into a solution of 11.2 @(0.05 mole) of 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1.3.5-triazine in 200 ml of dichloroethane at room temperature. The mixture is heated under reflux for 6 hours and cooled to room temperature. It is washed successively with water, with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and then with water once again. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained is chromatographed on silica (eluent: 95:5 (v/v) dichloromethane-ethanol) and finally recrystallized from a 50:50 mixture (v/v) of diethyl ether-hexane. The product forms a hydrochloride in the diethyl ether. 12.1 g of N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-benzamide hydrochloride are thus obtained. Yield: 66.5%. M.P.: I97.degree.-198.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.17 H.sub.21 N.sub.5 O.sub.2. HCl in %
______________________________________calc.: C 56.12 H 6.05 N 19.26 Cl.sup.- 9.77found: 56.30 6.50 19.16 9.54______________________________________
The compounds summarized in Table II are prepared, as indicated, by the method used to prepare either compound 21 or compound 22.
TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________2-R-4-Morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines. Method of AnalysisCompound R Substituent compound Yield (%) M.P. (.degree.C.) calc. (%) found (%)__________________________________________________________________________23 NHCOCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 21 51.3 110-113 C 63.34 63.18 H 6.74 6.85 N 20.52 20.5524 NHCOCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 21 34.3 141 C 57.34 56.84 H 7.85 7.84 N 23.89 23.7025a N(CH.sub.3)COCH.sub.3 21 34.8 60-61 C 55.91 56.02 H 7.53 7.57 N 25.09 25.0525b N(CH.sub.3)COCH.sub.3 21 75.5 104-105 C 49.44 48.78(1) H 6.97 7.01 N 22.19 22.4326 N(CH.sub.3)COCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 21 38.5 36-37 C 58.62 58.78 H 8.16 8.33 N 22.80 22.6227(1) N(CH.sub.3)COC.sub.6 H.sub.5 22 46.5 122 C 57.22 56.78 H 6.36 6.40 N 18.54 18.2828 NH--COOC.sub.6 H.sub.5 22 24.8 154-155 C 59.48 59.60 H 6.12 6.32 N 20.41 20.3129(1) NH--CO--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -pCl 22 66 205-206 C 51.27 51.19 H 5.31 5.34 N 17.58 17.4930 N(CH.sub.3)COC.sub.6 H.sub.4 -pCl 22 72 96-97 C 57.52 58.07 H 5.90 6.17 N 18.63 18.6531(1) NHCOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 --pOCH.sub.3 22 33 199 C 54.89 54.83 H 6.14 6.17 N 17.78 17.8032(1) N(CH.sub.3)COC.sub.6 H.sub.4 --pOCH.sub.3 22 56 120 C 55.94 53.40 H 6.42 6.48 N 17.17 17.2233(1) NHCOC.sub.6 H.sub.4 --pCH.sub.3 22 53 188 C 57.21 57.45 H 6.40 6.42 N 18.53 18.7334(1) N(CH.sub. 3)COC.sub.6 H.sub.4 --pCH.sub.3 22 74 99 C 58.23 58.08 H 6.69 6.73 N 17.87 18.1135 N(CH.sub.3)COC.sub.6 H.sub.3 - 22 70 73 C 59.84 60.12 (3,4-di-OCH.sub.3) H 6.78 7.09 N 17.44 17.4536 NHCOC.sub.6 H.sub.3 -(3,4- 22 45 232 C 58.23 58.42 di-CH.sub.3) H 6.69 6.65 N 17.87 17.72__________________________________________________________________________ (1) hydrochloride
2-[[2-Acetoxy)ethyl]amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine (compound 37)
4.3 g (0.055 mole) of acetyl chloride, dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane, and 5.5 g (0.055 mole) of triethylamine, dissolved in 50 ml of dichloromethane, are simultaneously introduced, between 0.degree. and 5.degree. C., into a solution of 13.4 g (0.05 mole) of 2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol (compound 1) in 200 ml of dichloromethane. The addition of these two reagents is regulated in a manner such that the acid chloride is always present in the reaction mixture in excess with respect to the triethylamine. The mixture is stirred for one hour at 5.degree. C. and then for 12 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is washed successively with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and with water. It is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue crystallizes in a mixture of toluene-hexane 1:2. The product obtained is first purified by chromatography on silica (eluent: 95:5 (v/v) dichloromethane-ethanol) and is then finally recrystallized from a mixture of toluene-hexane 1:1. 9.3 g of 2-[[2-(acetoxy)ethyl]amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are obtained.
Yield: 60%. M.P.: 94.degree.-95.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.14 H.sub.23 N.sub.5 O.sub.3 in %
______________________________________calc.: C 54.37 H 7.44 N 22.65found: 54.98 7.69 22.62______________________________________
The compounds summarized in Table III are prepared in the same manner.
TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________2-R-4-Morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines. AnalysisCompound R Substituent Yield (%) M.P. (.degree.C.) calc. (%) found (%)__________________________________________________________________________38 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--COCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2 59.3 54-55 C 56.97 56.86 H 8.01 8.04 N 20.77 20.7439 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--COC.sub.6 H.sub.5 67.4 98-99 C 61.46 61.52 H 6.74 6.75 N 18.87 18.9140 NH(CH.sub.2).sub.2 O--COCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 63.4 63-64 C 62.34 62.45 H 7.01 7.07 N 18.18 18.15__________________________________________________________________________
N,N-Dimethyl-N'-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-urea (compound 41)
A gaseous stream of dimethylamine is passed through a solution of 5 g (0.0145 mol) of phenyl (4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)carbamate (compound 28) in 100 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane for three hours at a temperature of 20.degree. C. The mixture is then allowed to stand for 12 hours. It is washed successively with a dilute sodium hydroxide solution and with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained crystallizes in a 50:50 mixture (v/v) of ethyl acetatehexane. 1.7 g of N,N-dimethyl-N'-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-urea is obtained.
Yield: 39.9%. M.P.: 110.degree.-111.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.13 H.sub.22 N.sub.6 O.sub.2 in
______________________________________calc.: C 53.06 H 7.48 N 28.57found: 53.20 7.69 28.67______________________________________
2-[[2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]ethyl]amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine (compound 42)
19.4 g (0.05 mole) of 2-morpholino-4-[[2-[(phenoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl]amino]-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine, dissolved in 100 ml of anhydrous dichloromethane are introduced into one liter of liquid ammonia. Stirring is continued for 7 hours at a temperature of between -35.degree. C. and -45.degree. C. The ammonia is then evaporated and the organic phase is washed successively with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and with water. It is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue obtained crystallizes in a 50:50 mixture (v/v) of ethyl acetate-hexane. 15.1 g of 2-[[2-[(aminocarbonyl)oxy]ethyl]amino]-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are obtained.
Yield: 97.4%. M.P.: 139.degree.-140.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.13 H.sub.22 N.sub.6 O.sub.3 in %
______________________________________calc.: C 50.32 H 7.09found: 50.39 7.15______________________________________
The 2-morpholino-4-[[2-[(phenoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl]amino]-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine used as the starting compound in this example has been prepared from 2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]ethanol and phenyl chloroformate according to the process used for the synthesis of compound 37.
Yield: 85%. M.P.: 83.degree.-84.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.19 H.sub.25 N.sub.5 O.sub.4 in %
______________________________________calc.: C 58.91 H 6.46 N 18.0found: 58.99 6.60 18.1______________________________________
N-[2-(Acetoxy)ethyl]-N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)acetamide (compound 43)
A solution of 11.8 g (0.15 mole) of acetyl chloride in 50 ml of dichloroethane and a solution of 15 g (0.15 mole) of triethylamine in 50 ml of dichloroethane are added to a suspension of 13.4 g (0.05 mole) of 2-[(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-ethanol (compound 1) in 250 ml of dichloroethane kept at a temperature of about 20.degree. C. This addition is carried out in the following manner: half of the acid chloride is first added and the mixture is allowed to react for 15 minutes, and half of the triethylamine is then added; the remainder of the acid chloride is then introduced, the mixture is allowed to react for a further 15 minutes and is heated to 55.degree. C., and finally the remainder of the triethylamine is introduced. The mixture obtained is heated under reflux for 7 hours. It is then allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. It is washed successively with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and with water. It is dried over sodium sulfate and filtered in the presence of Norit. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue obtained is purified by chromatography on silica (eluent: 95:5 (v/v) dichloromethane-ethanol). The product obtained crystallizes in hexane in the cold. 6.35 g of N-[2(acetoxy)ethyl]-N-(4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-acetamide are obtained.
Yield: 36.2%. M.P.: 49.degree.-50.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.16 H.sub.25 N.sub.5 O.sub.4 in %
______________________________________calc.: C 54.70 H 7.12 N 19.94found: 55.22 7.22 20.0______________________________________
2-Amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine (hydrochloride) (compound 44)
This product is described by S. MURAI et al. in Japanese Patent Application No. 69,688/74 (Chem. Abstr. 81, (1974), 136188x). It can be prepared in the following manner.
87 g (1 mole) of morpholine and 8.6 g (0.05 mole) of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are mixed. The temperature of the mixture rises spontaneously to 54.degree. C. The mixture is then heated under reflux for 5 hours.
The reaction mixture is evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue obtained is redissolved in ethyl acetate. The solution is washed three times with water and then dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is recrystallized from hexane. 9.1 g of 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are obtained.
Yield: 82%. M.P.: 127.degree.-128.degree. C.
Hydrochloride: M.P.: 210.degree.-211.degree. C. (isopropyl alcohol-ether).
Analysis for C.sub.10 H.sub.17 N.sub.5 O.HCl in %
______________________________________calc.: C 46.24 H 6.94 N 26.97 Cl.sup.- 13.68found: 46.21 6.90 26.78 13.61______________________________________
The 2-amino-4-chloro-6-propyl-1.3.5-triazine used as the starting compound in the synthesis of compound 44 has been prepared according to the method of S. MURAI et al. (Japanese Patent Application No. 69,688/74).
2-(Methylamino)-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine (hydrochloride). (compound 45)
A solution containing 8.7 g (0.1 mole) of morpholine in 50 ml of dioxane is added to a solution containing 5.6 g (0.03 mole) of 2-chloro-4-(methylamino)-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine in 50 ml of dioxane. The mixture is heated under reflux for 5 hours. It is then cooled and the morpholine hydrochloride which has formed is filtered off. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure and the residue is taken up in chloroform. The mixture is washed with water and the organic phase is dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is recrystallized from ethyl acetate. 5.3 g of 2-(methylamino)-4- morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine are obtained.
Yield: 74%. M.P.: 131.degree.-133.degree. C.
The product obtained is dissolved in hot isopropyl alcohol. The equivalent amount of hydrochloric acid, dissolved in ethyl ether, is added to this solution. The hydrochloride crystallizes upon cooling. The crystals are filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried.
Yield: 75%. M.P.: 177.degree.-178.degree. C.
Analysis for C.sub.11 H.sub.19 N.sub.5 O.HCl in %
______________________________________calc.: C 48.26 H 7.31 N 25.59 Cl.sup.- 12.97found: 48.38 7.40 25.57 12.64______________________________________
The 2-chloro-4-(methylamino)-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazine used as the starting compound in the synthesis of compound 45 has been prepared according to the method of T. TSUJIKAWA et al., (Yakugaku Zasshi, 95, (1975), 512-520).
As indicated above, the 2-amino-4-morpholino-6-propyl-1,3,5-triazines of the formula I and their non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts to be used according to the invention have the property of correcting the effects of hypofunctioning of the cholinergic system. In the examples which follow, this advantageous property is demonstrated by a series of pharmacological studies whereby it is shown that the compounds of the formula I have certain effects similar to those of well-known cholinergic compounds, such as oxotremorine, arecoline or physostigmine, or else counteract the effect of a cholinergic antagonist such as scopolamine. However, it is understood that the examples are not restrictive to the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1
Potentiation of the cholinergic effects of oxotremorine
The purpose of this test (R. C. RATHBUN et al., Psychopharmacologia, 4, (1963), 114-125) is to demonstrate that the compounds of the formula I potentiate the central and peripheral cholinergic effects caused by the administration of a low dose of oxotremorine to mice.
The degree of peripheral cholinergic activation is measured by the salivatory effect quantified by the following rating system:
score 0: the saliva does not exceed that secreted by a normal mouse;
score 1: a little saliva is found around the teeth;
score 2: the saliva forms a narrow band around the mouth;
score 4: the saliva wets a surface underneath the chin;
score 6: the saliva runs from the mouth, for example onto the forelegs.
The intermediate scores are not used, and the saliva is wiped away after each observation.
The degree of central cholinergic activation is measured by the tremogenic effect quantified by the following rating system:
score 0: no tremor:
score 1: slight and periodic occasional tremors;
score 2: moderate and slight tremors often repeated;
score 4: accentuated tremors, but interrupted by periods of calm;
score 6: very accentuated and almost continuous tremors.
Male NMRI mice (20 to 25 g) are divided into four groups of five animals, that is to say: one control group and three treated groups.
The compound to be tested is administered intraperitoneally (to the three treated groups) 20 minutes before the administration of the oxotremorine, at a dose which differs for each of the treated groups.
The oxotremorine is administered intraperitoneally to the treated groups and to the control group at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg dissolved in 10 ml/kg of physiological salt solution. This dose approximately corresponds to the minimum dose of oxotremorine which causes tremors and salivation.
After the administration of the oxotremorine, the animals are placed individually in small cages and are observed at regular intervals of 5 minutes until the cholinergic effects have disappeared completely.
For each of the groups, the individual scores recorded at each observation period are summed: this enables to plot a curve showing the sum of the scores as a function of time, which is characteristic for each group.
The mean values of the areas under the curves obtained for each of the treated groups are compared with the mean value of the area under the curve corresponding to the control group and is subjected to statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney method. From this comparison, "a minimum active dose" can be determined. This "minimum active dose" is the minimum dose of compound needed for a potentiation of the salivatory or tremogenic effect of the oxotremorine still to be observed, or in other words for an area greater than the area under the curve obtained for the control group to be obtained.
The results obtained in this test demonstrate that the compounds of the formula I potentiate the salivatory effect of oxotremorine at a mininum dose of from 7.7 to 107 mg/kg and potentiate the tremogenic effect at a minimum dose of from 8 to 112 mg/kg. Moreover, the minimum active doses do not have cholinergic effects of their own and are far remote from the lethal doses determined in the Irwin's test.
In addition, this test demonstrates that certain compounds of the formula I, when administered at the minimum active dose, have effects which last longer than methyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylate (arecoline), a well-known cholinergic compound.
The compounds of the formula I thus show potentiation of the salivatory and tremogenic effects of oxotremorine 20 minutes after being administered at the minimum active dose, whereas under the same conditions, arecoline gives no potentiation.
EXAMPLE 2
Inhibition of hyperactivity induced by scopolamine
An animal placed for the first time in a new environment manifests intense exploratory activity in this new medium. The progressive reduction and then the disappearance of this exploratory activity, in other words habituation to the new medium, can be considered as an elementary form of learning. This elementary form of learning is sensitive to the influence of drugs which facilitate or adversely affect learning (A. PLATEL et al., Psychopharmacology, 78, (1982), 346-352). Thus, for example, scopolamine, a compound which causes mnemic disorders, induces exploratory hyperactivity in rats placed in a new environment; this phenomenon is associated with the central anticholinergic activity of this compound (W. J. STEWART et al., Psychopharmacologia, 44, (1975), 291-295). In contrast, a cholinergic agonist such as physostigmine counteracts the hyperactivity induced by scopolamine.
In the test described below, the compounds of the formula I are administered either in physiological salt solution or in a suitable vehicle (generally a citrate buffer of pH 5), depending on their solubility. This test reveals for the compounds of the formula I an activity comparable to that of physostigmine.
It is based on the original technique described by A. PLATEL (loc. cit.) on the one hand and on the process for automation of the recording of measurements described by H. J. TAUGER et al. (J. Neuroscience Methods, 10, (1984), 237-245) on the other hand.
ln this test, male Sprague-Dawley SPF (Specific Pathogen Free; 160 to 200 g) rats are used. During the week preceding the experiment, these animals are housed under normal conditions in groups of 15 animals in standard grid cages, and food and drink are freely accessible.
At the start of the experiment, the rats are divided into 4 homogeneous groups of 10 animals and are acclimatized to the site of the experiment for one hour. Each group of animals is then subjected to a predetermined treatment:
group 1 receives two simultaneous intraperitoneal injections of physiological salt solution or of the vehicle used;
group 2 receives
one intraperitoneal injection of physiological salt solution or of the vehicle used and
one intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg of scopolamine in solution;
group 3 receives
one intraperitoneal injection of the compound to be tested in solution in a suitable vehicle and
one intraperitoneal injection of physiological salt solution or of the vehicle used:
group 4 receives
one intraperitoneal injection of the compound to be tested and
one intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg of scopolamine.
Thirty minutes after this treatment, the four groups of animals are tested simultaneously. To this end, each group is distributed in a square chamber (100.times.100 cm) made of a grid floor and a vertical wall 50 cm in height. Each of these chambers contains 16 zones comprising 4 zones in the corners, 4 central zones and 8 peripheral zones. In addition, each chamber is fitted with 2 rows of infra-red cells arranged 2 cm above the floor for recording the horizontal movements of the animals and 2 other rows of infrared cells arranged at a height of 10 cm above the floor for recording the vertical movements. These infra-red cells are connected to a microprocessor which allows determination of the average distances covered (in cm) by a group of animals and also determination of the average number of straightenings, as well as of the distribution of the horizontal movements in the various central and peripheral zones and in the corners, expressed as the average time stayed in these various zones.
Each compound tested is studied at least at three different doses, from which the minimum active dose which inhibits the hyperactivity induced by intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg/kg of scopolamine is determined. The values obtained in group 2 treated only with scopolamine are then compared with those obtained in group 4 treated with both scopolamine and the compound to be tested, and the values obtained in group 4 are compared with those obtained in group 3 treated only with the compound to be tested. The control group 1 serves as a control of the action of the scopolamine administered to group 2. The differences found are evaluated statistically in all cases by the Mann-Whitney method.
The results obtained in this test have shown that the compounds of the formula I have a good inhibitory activity on the hyperactivity induced by scopolamine. The minimum active doses determined for these compounds are between 1 and 89 mg/kg. However, in contrast to physostigmine, which is inactive when administered more than 15 minutes before the measurements are made, the compounds of the formula I still have an inhibitory activity when they are administered 30 minutes before the measurements are made. Their activity thus lasts longer than that of physostigmine.
EXAMPLE 3
Inhibition of the effects of scopolamine on the electroencephalogram (EEG)
The administration of scopolamine to humans or animals induces mnemic disorders comparable to those which appear in the course of normal or pathological ageing. In patients suffering from senile dementia, Alzheimer's type, an improvement in anemic disorders has been achieved by administration of physostigmine, a compound which inhibits acetylcholinesterase.
Scopolamine administered intraperitoneally to rats at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg induces variations in the EEG spectrum, which manifest themselves by an increase in the intensity in the band at 8 Hz, a reduction in the intensity of the bands from 20.8 to 40 Hz and an increase in the overall intensity of the EEG spectrum. Physostigmine counteracts these variations.
The aim of this test is to demonstrate, by means of the quantitative analytical method of the electroencephalogram, that the compounds of the formula I have the property of neutralizing the effects which scopolamine exerts on the EEG spectrum (P. ETEVENON, L'Electroencephalographie sur ordinateur. Analyse quantitative et statistique. Copedith, Paris, 1978).
Male albino Sprague-Dawley SPF rats (160 to 200 g) are used in this test.
When the animals are 3 months old, 5 cortical electrodes are implanted permanently, aseptically and under a general anesthesia: one inert electrode, one left and one right frontal electrode, and one left and one right occipital electrode (P. ETEVENON, loc. cit.).
The test is carried out when the animals are about 15 months old. In the meantime, the animals are kept in individual cages. They are given water and food ad libitum and are subjected to a regular daily cycle comprising a period of darkness between 6 o'clock in the evening and 6 o'clock in the morning. At the same time, the animals are progressively acclimatized to the cages of the sound-proof cabin which they will subsequently occupy for recording of the electroencephalograms, as well as to the experimental conditions, by intraperitoneal administration of placebo. The products are administered immediately before the EEG is recorded.
The rats are divided into groups of 8 animals and 16 samples of the EEG spectra are recorded over 5 seconds (two EEG spectra per animal). The spectra obtained are then analyzed by computer (rapid Fourier transform), which enables the average of the 16 measurements performed to be determined for each group and the overall intensity of the EEG spectrum and the distribution of this intensity (in %) in the various frequency bands to be deduced for each animal.
This operation (recording of the spectra) is repeated 9 times (total duration: 121 minutes).
The effect of the compound studied is deduced from the statistical comparison of the results obtained for the various groups of animals to which the compound to be tested, the scopolamine and a placebo respectively have been administered.
Table IV below shows for some of the compounds of the formula I administered intraperitoneally at the dose shown in mg/kg, the percentage of reduction in the increase in the intensity of the band from 6.4 to 9.6 Hz (average 8 Hz), an increase caused by intraperitoneal administration of 0.5 mg/kg of scopolamine.
TABLE IV______________________________________Inhibition of the effects of scopolamine on the bandfrom 6.4 to 9.6 Hz in the EEG.Compound Dose (mg/kg) Inhibition (in %)______________________________________ 1 5.3 52 7 29.5 50 9 8.8 53.320 2.7 66.7.sup. 21a 2.7 10022 3.6 66.7.sup. 25a 0.88 46.726 3.1 55.627 12 93.837 9.9 53.343 11.2 77.844 0.8 10045 2.7 91.7physostigmine 0.4 76.8______________________________________
The results show that the compounds of the formule I, like physostigmine, inhibit the effects which scopolamine exerts on the electroencephalogram. It can be seen that this inhibition reaches and exceeds even 50% at relatively low doses far remote from the toxic doses, which is not the case for physostigmine.
EXAMPLE 4
Multiple-trial passive avoidance
The compounds of the formula I have been studied with the aim of demonstrating on the one hand their property of promoting learning expressed as the reduction in the number of trials needed to achieve a predetermined criterion, and on the other hand their property of counteracting the amnesia caused by administration of scopolamine.
To this end, the method of multiple-trial passive avoidance has been used. This method is well-known for evaluating the effects which a product exerts on the memory and learning (A. FINE et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82, (1985), 5227-5230).
The test is carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats (160-200 g). which are kept in standard cages throughout the experiment.
The apparatus used is a transparent square cage with 35 cm sides and 25 cm high, fitted with a grid floor which can be electrified. An insulating rubber mat (10.times.17 cm) is placed on the floor in one of the corners of the cage.
To evaluate whether a compound can promote learning, the following test is carried out.
Each animal is placed on the rubber mat and the time the animal takes to decide to leave this position to explore the cage is recorded. After 20 seconds of exploration, the animal receives an electric shock (3 seconds duration) in the paws, causing a flight reaction. The rat is immediately removed from the apparatus and replaced in its original cage. This experiment is repeated until the animal remains on the rubber mat for at least 180 seconds in order to avoid the electric shock. The learning is expressed by the average number of trials needed to reach a period of 180 seconds remaining on the mat.
A period of remaining on the rubber mat of 180 seconds is regarded as being the maximum performance which can be realized by the animal to avoid the electric shock. Rats which remain on the mat for this period have acquired the avoidance reflex and are replaced in their original cage without receiving the electric shock.
To evaluate whether a compound is capable of promoting mnemic retention in the course of time, the following experiment is carried out. Each animal is subjected to four tests at times 0, 4, 24 and 28 hours. In the first test (time 0), the animal is placed on the rubber mat and the time which it takes to decide to leave this position to explore the cage is recorded. After 20 seconds of exploration, the rat receives an electric shock (3 seconds duration) in the paws, causing a flight reaction. The rat is immediately removed from the apparatus and replaced in its original cage. In the course of the three subsequent tests (times: 4, 24 and 28 hours), the animal is replaced on the rubber mat and the time taken to leave this position is recorded. When the four paws of the animal rest on the grid, it receives an electric shock and is immediately removed from the apparatus.
At the start of the experiment, the rats are divided into 4 homogeneous groups of 15 animals. Thirty minutes before each test, each group of animals is subjected to a predetermined treatment:
group 1 receives an intraperitoneal injection of physiological salt solution:
group 2 receives an intraperitoneal injection of the compound to be tested:
group 3 receives an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg scopolamine and
group 4 receives an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg scopolamine and an intraperitoneal injection of the compound to be tested, simultaneously.
Groups 1 and 2 are used in the first experiment and groups 3 and 4 are used in the second experiment.
The results obtained in this test with the compounds of the formula I are summarized in Table V. This Table shows the number of the compound subjected to the test (column 1) and the dose administered intraperitoneally, expressed in mg/kg (column 2).
Columns 3 and 4 show the results obtained in the test used to evaluate the learning. The figures indicate the average number of trials needed for a control animal (group 1) or an animal treated (group 2) with the compound to learn to remain on the rubber mat for 180 seconds in order to avoid the electric shock. The results were analyzed by the Student test.
Columns 5 to 12 show the results obtained in the experiment used to evaluate the mnemic retention. In columns 5 to 8, the figures represent the average periods of remaining on the mat observed respectively at times 0, 4, 24 and 28 hours for the animals of group 3, treated only with scopolamine, and in columns 9 to 12 the corresponding figures for the animals of groups 4, treated simultaneously with scopolamine and the compound studied (at the dose shown in the second column), are to be found.
The favorable influence of a compound in counteracting amnesia induced by scopolamine is demonstrated by the increase in the period of remaining on the mat at each observation. The differences observed are analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney method.
TABLE V__________________________________________________________________________ Mnemic retention Learning Period of remaining on the mat (in seconds) Dose average number of trials group 3 group 4Compound (mg/kg) group 1 group 2 0 4 24 28 0 4 24 28__________________________________________________________________________ 1 5.35 2.27 1.53 1.27 13.3 24.2 26.3 2.7 44.8 61.3 102.7 7 29.54 2.67 2.57 1.0 1.5 3.3 4.0 1.3 7.3 22.5 52.1 9 8.72 2.27 2.0 1.4 2.3 3.3 5.7 3.3 67.9 62.7 160.310 28.14 2.87 2.07 1.8 4.5 2.3 4.5 5.5 15.7 31.1 34.120 2.66 1.93 1.53 1.1 2.5 4.6 5.5 2.7 55.3 57.7 87.9.sup. 21a 2.65 1.60 1.53 2.4 9.7 9.1 33.9 3.4 60.4 74.6 102.422 3.64 2.20 1.0 1.7 11.1 20.3 12.8 2.8 70.9 82.8 137.6.sup. 25a 0.89 2.07 2.07 2.1 3.0 7.7 3.3 1.7 8.1 34.7 44.527 3.78 2.20 1.13 1.9 8.9 31.6 54.1 11.3 88.6 111.5 133.537 9.6 2.0 1.3 1.0 2.5 4.5 5.8 2.9 24.0 44.4 49.941 9.12 2.53 1.33 1.0 3.7 7.0 7.7 1.3 15.8 27.3 66.344 2.6 1.73 1.13 2.0 16.3 29.8 33.0 2.6 25.7 43.6 58.345 2.74 1.60 2.00 1.0 10.9 8.3 8.1 4.5 94.7 77.5 99.1physostigimine 0.4 2.60 2.30 1.7 1.4 6.9 21.3 1.9 17.8 56.2 53.4__________________________________________________________________________
From this table, it can been seen that:
compounds of the formula I promote learning of the avoidance reflex: the average number of trials needed to reach the predetermined criterion (maximum period of remaining on the mat of 180 seconds) is lower for the treated animals (column 4) than for the control animals (column 3);
the amnesing effect of scopolamine is very pronounced: it can be seen that the period of remaining on the mat for the animals of group 3 (columns 5 to 8) are clearly less than the 180 seconds realized by the controls after an average number of trials (column 3): and under these conditions, the favorable influence of the compounds of the formula I in counteracting the amnesing effect of scopolamine is very clear: the animals of group 4, treated simultaneously with scopolamine and with a compound of the formula I have periods of remaining on the mat at each observation which are considerably longer than those for the animals of group 3 treated with scopolamine alone (compare the results of column 5 with those of column 9, 6 with 10, etc.).
physostigmine exerts a favorable action against the amnesing effect of scopolamine, similar to that of the compounds of the formula I used according to the invention, but it is obtained at a dose which has side effects and is very close to the toxic dose, which is not the case with the compounds of the formula I.
EXAMPLE 5
Toxicity
The toxicity of the compounds of the formula I has been determined on male NMRI mice by means of the Irwin's test (S. IRWIN, Psychopharmacologia, 13, (1968), 222-257).
Progressive doses of the compound to be tested are administered intraperitoneally to groups of three mice until the lethal dose is reached (dose which causes the death of two animals out of three within 48 hours).
Table VI below gives the lethal dose observed for the compounds of the formula I to be used according to the invention. The Table shows that these compounds have a very low toxicity, in contrast to physostigmine.
TABLE VI______________________________________ Lethal dose Lethal doseCompound (in mg/kg) Compound (in mg/kg)______________________________________ 1 802 24 880 2 718 .sup. 25a 838 3 844 .sup. 25b 947 4 886 26 922 5 563 27 1133 6 886 28 >1030 7 886 29 398 8 886 30 1125 9 844 31 51110 844 32 122211 892 33 113212 982 34 117413 934 35 40114 >1073 36 117415 1121 37 92816 844 38 >101217 844 39 >111418 1007 40 115719 1031 41 29420 799 42 >931.sup. 21a 996 43 351.sup. 21b 905 44 77922 1091 45 82123 >1024 physostigimine 0.82______________________________________
EXAMPLE 6
Posology and Administration
The pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the formula I may be administered orally, parenterally or rectally. The pharmaceutical compositions which can be used for oral administration may be solid or liquid, for example in the form of tablets (coated or non-coated), pills, dragees, gelatine capsules, solution, syrups, and the like. They also comprise compositions which can deliver the active substance in a progressive manner. The compositions which can be used for parenteral administration are the pharmaceutical forms known for this mode of administration, for example aqueous or oily solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
For rectal administration, the compositions containing the compounds to be used according to the invention are generally in the form of suppositories.
The pharmaceutical forms, such as injectable solutions, injectable suspensions, tablets, drops, suppositories and the like are prepared by the methods currently used by pharmacists.
The compounds of formula I are mixed with a solid or liquid, non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally with a dispersing agent, a disintegrating agent, an emulsifying agent, a stabilizing agent, and the like. Sweetening agents, coloring agents, lubricating agents and various additives may also be added if appropriate.
The percentage of active substance in the pharmaceutical compositions can vary within very wide limits such that the active therapeutic compound is present in an amount sufficient for administration of doses within the range specified.
As regards the daily dosage, this can vary within a wide range of dosage units, for example from 0.1 to 2 g of active compound, depending upon the patient, the mode of administration and in particular the frequency of administration.
In general, it has proved advantageous to administer amounts from 0.25 to 0.75 g, preferably 0.5 g, one to three times per day in the form of tablets.
Some non-limiting examples of pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of the formula I are given below by way of illustration.
1. Tablets for oral administration.
______________________________________Compound 1 250 mgMethylcellulose (Methocel K4M) 200 mgDry lactose 154 mgAerosil 5 mgAnhydrous citric acid 60 mgTalc 11 mgMagnesium stearate 20 mg______________________________________
2. Soft gelatine capsules.
For about 10,000 capsules containing 50 mg active substance, a solution of the following composition is prepared:
______________________________________Compound 44 500 gPolyethylene glycol 400 3300 gGlycerol 250 gWater 1400 g 5450 g______________________________________
The solution is introduced in a manner which is known per se into soft gelatine capsules of suitable dimensions. The capsules should be swallowed.
3. Drops.
The following solution is prepared for drops containing 5 mg/ml:
______________________________________compound 45 5 g96% ethanol 450 gMethylparaben 1 gPolyethylene glycol 400 50 g50% sugar syrup 400 gAroma and alimentary colorant 0.5 gWater to make up to 1000 ml______________________________________
Compound 45, methylparaben, aroma and colorant are dissolved in the ethanol at room temperature. Polyethylene glycol 400 and sugar syrup are then added, with stirring, and the mixture is made up with water until a volume of 1000 ml is obtained.
The solution is introduced into brown glass bottles, and sweetening agents may be added if appropriate.

Treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with aging and with dementia syndromes

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