Patent Application
20240052737
Organic deposits are commonly found in the tubing of a well and are caused when liquid hydrocarbons precipitate due to a decrease in temperature and/or pressure. Downhole, liquid hydrocarbons may come into contact with a variety of compounds including water, rock, drilling material, and production chemicals, all of which may contribute to the formation of organic deposits in a well. The accumulation of organic deposits can form a barrier that disrupts the production of oil from the well. Therefore, numerous techniques have been developed to treat wells with accumulated organic deposits.
Generally, organic deposits are reduced by dissolution in chemical solvents or high temperature oil and melting with a mechanical heater. These techniques typically incur high costs, environmental damage, and lost time, as they often require the well to be temporarily shut down.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In one aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a downhole tool that includes a body including a microwave generator, a susceptor shell connected to the body, the susceptor shell having wall made of susceptor material and a cavity formed between the wall and the body, and a thermometer connected to the body.
In another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a system including a well extending from a surface, a microwave heating tool positioned in the well, a thermometer, and an electrical cable extending from a power source at the surface to the microwave heating tool. The microwave heating tool includes a body including a microwave generator and a susceptor shell connected to the body.
In yet another aspect, embodiments disclosed herein relate to a method of treating organic deposits in a well. The method includes lowering a microwave heating tool into the well to a treatment zone including organic deposits, wherein the microwave heating tool includes a microwave generator, a susceptor material including a cavity, and a thermometer, wherein the microwave generator is attached to the cavity of the susceptor material. The method then includes providing power to the microwave heating tool via an electrical cable, wherein the electrical cable connects the microwave generator to a power source at a surface of the well, generating microwave radiation from the microwave generator that is then absorbed by the susceptor material to generate heat, increasing a temperature of the treatment zone to an elevated temperature using the generated heat, and melting the organic deposits in the treatment zone.
Other aspects and advantages of the claimed subject matter will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
Wherever possible, identical reference numerals are used in the figures to identify common of the same elements. The figures are not necessarily to scale and certain features and certain views of the figures may be shown exaggerated in scale for purposes of clarification.
Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to systems and methods for heating and treating selected areas of a well, e.g., to treat organic deposits in the well of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Systems in accordance with the present disclosure include a downhole microwave heating tool including a microwave generator, a susceptor material, and a thermometer. Such systems may be used to heat a treatment zone of a well. For example, methods in accordance with one or more embodiments may include lowering the system to a treatment zone in a well of a hydrocarbon reservoir and heating the treatment zone to an elevated temperature. In some embodiments, the microwave heating tool may be lowered to a treatment zone having organic deposits accumulated on the well walls, where the microwave heating tool may heat the treatment zone such that accumulated organic deposits melt. In such manner, the microwave heating tool may be used to reduce or eliminate organic deposits that have accumulated on the wellbore wall.
A system 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments is shown in, and discussed with reference to,
While the system 100 shown in
Systems 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments may also include a microwave heating tool 124 positioned inside wellbore 110. The microwave heating tool 124 may be lowered into a well via a wireline or other type of running tool including an electrical cable 122, which may connect the microwave heating tool 124 to surface equipment 126. The surface equipment 126 may have an electrical power source. In one or more embodiments, surface equipment 126 supplies electrical power to microwave heating tool 124 through electrical cable 122. As depicted in
A schematic diagram of microwave heating tool 124 is shown in
As depicted in
A susceptor shell 128 may extend from a second side of the body 125 in a direction opposite the first side of the body 125. Susceptor shell 128 may form wall 130 around the body of the microwave heating tool such that the microwave generator is connected to an opening of cavity 131 of the susceptor shell. The susceptor shell may be any size that fits downhole. The size of the susceptor shell may be related to the amount of heat that is delivered downhole. For example, a large susceptor shell may be used to deliver more heat whereas a small susceptor shell may be used to deliver less heat. Relatively larger susceptor shells may be designed, for example, by designing the susceptor shell to extend farther from the microwave heating tool body (and thus having a relatively larger cavity formed between the microwave heating tool body and the susceptor shell). In such manner, susceptor shells may define cavities of different sizes to provide different sizes of susceptor shells, and thus deliver different amounts of heat. By designing larger susceptor shells to extend a greater axial length away from the microwave heating tool body (as opposed to using a susceptor shell with an increased radial width), the susceptor shell may deliver an increased amount of heat while also being capable of fitting downhole through a well. Alternatively, the susceptor shell may be coated around the microwave generator such that no cavity is formed.
The microwave generator 127 may convert electricity supplied form the electrical cable 122 to microwave radiation 147. The generated microwave radiation 147 may be directed (e.g., through a wave guide) into the cavity 131 formed within the susceptor shell 128. The wall of susceptor shell 128 may be made of a susceptor material. The susceptor material may include any suitable material able to absorb the microwave radiation from microwave generator 127. Suitable susceptor materials may also exhibit rapid heating ability upon exposure to microwave radiation. For example, in one or more embodiments, the susceptor material is activated carbon, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, or combinations thereof.
The susceptor shell may have a rigid structure. As such, upon lowering downhole, should the microwave heating tool contact the formation, the susceptor shell may be damaged. To mitigate damage, the susceptor shell may have a thickness sufficient to withstand pressure such as natural downhole pressure and pressure from any such contact with the formation.
A susceptor shell may be connected to a body of a microwave heating tool using one or more connection elements to attach an end of the susceptor shell to the body. For example, as shown in
In another example, as shown in
A microwave heating tool 124 may also include thermometer 132. Thermometer 132 may be any suitable known temperature measurement device. In some embodiments, the thermometer 132 may be attached along a side of the microwave heating tool body 125 and extend axially from the body in an outer area around the susceptor shell 128. By positioning the thermometer in an outer area around the susceptor shell 128, a more accurate reading of the temperature of the susceptor shell 128 may be collected. In other embodiments, a thermometer may be positioned along different portions of the microwave heating tool body, or disposed on the electrical cable 122, proximate to the microwave heating tool body.
In one or more embodiments, thermometer 132 is used to measure the downhole temperature of treatment zone 112 before treating with microwave heating tool 124. Temperature measurements taken by thermometer 132 may be sent to the surface of the well for processing via the wireline on which the microwave heating tool is deployed. In some embodiments, thermometer 132 is used to monitor the temperature change in the treatment zone of the wellbore upon treatment with microwave heating tool 124. In such embodiments, thermometer 132 may provide real-time temperature data to surface equipment 126 for processing, analysis, or data storage, for example.
In some embodiments, real-time temperature data may be used to determine how much electrical power to supply to microwave heating tool 124. For example, if the temperature of the treatment zone is not hot enough, power may be supplied at a greater wattage or for a longer period of time in order to achieve the desired temperature and melt accumulated organic deposits. On the other hand, if the temperature of the treatment zone is too hot, power to the downhole microwave heating tool may be cut, and the tool may be raised so as not to be damaged at the increased temperature. The microwave heating tool may be used at any downhole temperature. For example, the microwave heating tool may be operable at temperatures ranging from 50 to 150° C.
In heating the downhole environment, the microwave heating tool may heat to a temperature ranging from 50 to 800° C. For example, the microwave heating tool may heat to a temperature ranging from a lower limit of one of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 400° C. to an upper limit of one of 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800° C., where any lower limit may be paired with any mathematically compatible upper limit. However, it may not be necessary to heat much beyond the natural downhole temperature.
A method 200 for treating a well using a system in accordance with one or more embodiments is depicted in
In some embodiments, a microwave heating tool may be positioned within a well during production, where production fluids from a surrounding reservoir may flow through the well and around the microwave heating tool.
Once the microwave heating tool is positioned in the wellbore at the treatment zone, method 200 includes providing power to the microwave heating tool from the power source at the surface of the wellbore via the electrical cable 204. The microwave heating tool may heat rapidly. For example, it may take about 10 seconds to 5 minutes for the microwave heating tool to heat the target zone to the desired temperature. In one or more embodiments, the microwave heating tool may heat the treatment zone for an amount of time ranging from a lower limit of one of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 seconds to an upper limit of one of 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes, where any lower limit may be paired with any mathematically compatible upper limit. As such, the amount of power required to heat the microwave heating tool may be minimal.
Upon receiving power, the microwave generator may emit microwave radiation that is then absorbed by the susceptor material 206. As described above, the susceptor material may exhibit rapid heating upon absorption of microwave radiation. Accordingly, in method 200, rapid heating of the susceptor material leads to dissemination of that heat into the wellbore, effectively increasing the temperature of the treatment zone to an elevated temperature 208. In one or more embodiments, the treatment zone of the wellbore may be heated by the susceptor material to an elevated temperature suitable to melt accumulated organic deposits 210. For example, the target zone may be heated to a temperature ranging from 50 to 800° C. Depending on the type of susceptor material and the time and power of heating, the treatment zone may be heated to a temperature ranging from a lower limit of one of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 400° C. to an upper limit of one of 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800° C., where any lower limit may be paired with any mathematically compatible upper limit.
When organic deposits are melted to a liquid phase, the liquid may be removed from the treatment zone and flowed to the surface of the well. Additionally, as organic deposits are melted and removed from the wellbore wall, hydrocarbons from the surrounding wellbore area may escape through the cleared well and produced (e.g., flowed through production tubing to the surface of the well).
As previously described, a thermometer on the microwave heating tool may be used to monitor the change in temperature of the treatment zone. In one or more embodiments, after heating the treatment zone to a temperature sufficient to melt the organic deposits, the microwave heating tool may be removed from the wellbore.
In one or more embodiments, as an effect of the increased temperature in the target zone of the wellbore, the pressure in the treatment zone may increase as well. The pressure increase may be directly related to the temperature increase of the treatment zone. In such embodiments, the increased pressure and temperature of the target zone may decrease the viscosity of downhole fluids such as heavy oil, thus increasing the production of hydrocarbons from the reservoir.
Embodiments of the present disclosure may provide at least one of the following advantages. By using downhole microwave heating tools according to embodiments of the present disclosure (including a microwave generator and a susceptor material provided in a single tool) the microwave heating tool may be moved through a well to a selected are to be treated. Additionally, the microwave heating tool may be used at multiple different depths in a single wellbore and in various different wellbores. Further, by using microwave energy to heat a susceptor element, which heats a surrounding treatment area, a relatively low amount of energy may be used to eat the selected area of the well being treated. Accordingly, systems and methods described herein may provide an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, simple method for treating organic deposits in a well. Additionally, methods including the downhole microwave heating tool may provide increased hydrocarbon production, due to the increased temperature and pressure provided downhole by the microwave heating tool.
Although only a few example embodiments have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the example embodiments without materially departing from this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the following claims.
