Patent Application
20240109930
The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) which are galectin-3 inhibitors and their use in the treatment of diseases and disorders that are related to galectin-3 binding to natural ligands. The invention also concerns related aspects including processes for the preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more compounds of Formula (I), and their medical use as Galectin-3 inhibitors. The compounds of Formula (I)) may especially be used as single agents or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents.
Galectins are defined as a protein family based on conserved β-galactoside-binding sites found within their characteristic ˜130 amino acid (aa) carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) (Barondes S H et al., Cell 1994; 76, 597-598). Human, mouse and rat genome sequences reveal the existence of at least 16 conserved galectins and galectin-like proteins in one mammalian genome (Leffler H. et al., Glycoconj. J. 2002, 19, 433-440). So far, three galectin subclasses were identified, the prototypical galectins containing one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD); the chimaera galectin consisting of unusual tandem repeats of proline- and glycine-rich short stretches fused onto the CRD; and the tandem-repeat-type galectins, containing two distinct CRDs in tandem connected by a linker (Zhong X., Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019; 46:197-203). As galectins can bind either bivalently or multivalently, they can e.g. cross-link cell surface glycoconjugates to trigger cellular signaling events. Through this mechanism, galectins modulate a wide variety of biological processes (Sundblad V. et al., Histol Histopathol 2011; 26: 247-265).
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), the only chimaera type in the galectin family, has a molecular weight of 32-35 kDa and consists of 250 amino acid residues in humans, a highly conserved CRD and an atypical N-terminal domain (ND). Galectin-3 is monomeric up to high concentrations (100 μM), but can aggregate with ligands at much lower concentrations, which is promoted by its N-terminal non-CRD region via an oligomerisation mechanism that is not yet completely understood (Johannes, L. et al., Journal of Cell Science 2018; 131, jcs208884).
Gal-3 is widely distributed in the body, but the expression level varies among different organs. Depending on its extracellular or intracellular localization, it can display a broad diversity of biological functions, including immunomodulation, host-pathogen interactions, angiogenesis, cell migration, wound healing and apoptosis (Sundblad V. et al., Histol Histopathol 2011; 26: 247-265). Gal-3 is highly expressed in many human tumours and cell types, such as myeloid cells, inflammatory cells (macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, T cells, eosinophils, etc.), fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes (Zhong X. et al., Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2019; 46:197-203), indicating that Gal-3 is involved in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrotic processes (Henderson N C. Et al., Immunological Reviews 2009; 230: 160-171; Sano H. et al., J Immunol. 2000; 165(4):2156-64). Furthermore, Gal-3 protein expression levels are up-regulated under certain pathological conditions, such as neoplasms and inflammation (Chiariotti L. et al., Glycoconjugate Journal 2004 19, 441-449; Farhad M. et al., OncoImmunology 2018, 7:6, e1434467).
There are multiple lines of evidence supporting functional involvement of Gal-3 in the development of inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes (Liu F T et al., Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012; 1253:80-91; Henderson N C, et al., Immunol Rev. 2009; 230(1):160-71; Li P et al., Cell 2016; 167:973-984), cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure and thrombosis (Nachtigal M. et al., Am J Pathol. 1998; 152(5):1199-208; Gehlken C. et al., Heart Fail Clin. 2018, 14(1):75-92; DeRoo E P. Et al., Blood. 2015, 125(11):1813-21), organ fibrosis, such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, kidney fibrosis, eye fibrosis and skin fibrosis (Mackinnon A C et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 2012; 185: 537-546; Henderson N C et al., PNAS 2006; 103: 5060-5065; Henderson N C et al., Am. J. Pathol. 2008; 172:288-298; Chen W S. Et al., Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 2017, Vol. 58, 9-20; Taniguchi T. et al., The Journal of Rheumatology 2012, jrheum.110755; Arciniegas E. et al., The American Journal of dermatopathology 2019; 41(3):193-204) and cancer (Farhad M. et al., Oncoimmunology. 2018; 7(6): e1434467; Vuong L. et al., Cancer Res 2019 (79) (7) 1480-1492).
Recently, Gal-3 inhibitors have shown to have positive effects when used in combination immunotherapy (Galectin Therapeutics. Press Release, Feb. 7, 2017) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Galectin Therapeutics. Press Release, Mar. 10, 2017). WO20180209276, WO2018209255 and WO20190890080 disclose compounds having binding affinity with galectin proteins for the treatment of systemic insulin resistance disorders. Thus, Gal-3 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other therapies, may be useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases or disorders such as acute or chronic heart failure, cancer, chronic and acute kidney disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, scarring, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and dry eye disease.
Several publications and patent applications describe synthetic inhibitors of Gal-3 that are being explored as antifibrotic agents (see for example WO2005/113568, WO2005/113569, WO2014/067986, WO2016/120403, US2014/0099319, WO2019/067702, WO2019/075045 and WO2014/078655). WO2002/057284, WO2005/113569, WO2014/078655, WO2021/028336, WO2021/028323, and WO2021/028570 disclose beta-configured galectin inhibitors. WO2016120403, WO2020104335, WO2021001528, WO2021038068 and WO2021004940 disclose a broad generic scope of alpha-D-galactoside inhibitors of galectins.
The present invention provides novel compounds of Formula (I) which are alpha-configured galectin-3 inhibitors. The present compounds may, thus, be useful for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of diseases and disorders where modulation of Gal-3 binding to its natural carbohydrate ligands is indicated.
1) In a first embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the Formula (I),
2) In a second embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the Formula (I) according to embodiment 1), wherein
It is understood that in the compounds of Formula (I) any non-aromatic oxygen or nitrogen atom will preferably be distanced from another oxygen or nitrogen atom by at least two carbon atoms. In particular, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom which is part of a group R2 (whether part of said saturated 3- to 8-membered mono- or bicyclic group, or substituent or part of a substituent of said saturated 3- to 8-membered mono- or bicyclic group) is preferably distanced by at least two carbon atoms from another oxygen atom or nitrogen atom which is part of a group R2 (wherein it is understood that said other oxygen atom or nitrogen atom may be part of said saturated 3- to 8-membered mono- or bicyclic group, or part of a substituent of said saturated 3- to 8-membered mono- or bicyclic group), as well as distanced by at least two carbon atoms from an aromatic nitrogen atom which is part of the ring A (e.g. in case such ring A is [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl wherein R2 is attached to position 1). In particular, in a group R2 representing a branched C3-6-alkyl which is mono-substituted with hydroxy such hydroxy substituent will be distanced by at least two carbon atoms from a ring nitrogen part of ring A; in a group R2 representing any saturated mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic group which is mono-substituted with hydroxy such hydroxy substituent will be distanced by at least two carbon atoms from a ring nitrogen part of ring A; in a group R2 representing any saturated mono- or bicyclic carbocyclic group which is mono-substituted with C1-3-alkoxy the oxygen atom of such C1-3-alkoxy substituent will be distanced by at least two carbon atoms from a ring nitrogen part of ring A; in a group R2 representing any saturated mono- or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group which is mono-substituted with hydroxy such hydroxy substituent will be distanced by at least two carbon atoms from an aromatic ring nitrogen part of ring A and from the ring oxygen atom part of such saturated mono- or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group; and in a group R2 representing any saturated mono- or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group which is mono-substituted with C1-3-alkoxy the oxygen atom of such C1-3-alkoxy substituent will be distanced by at least two carbon atoms from an aromatic ring nitrogen part of ring A and from the ring oxygen atom part of such saturated mono- or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl group.
The compounds of Formula (I) contain five stereogenic or asymmetric centers, which are situated on the tetrahydropyran moiety and which are in the absolute configuration as drawn for Formula (I). In addition, the compounds of Formula (I) may contain one, and possibly more, further stereogenic or asymmetric centers, such as one or more additional asymmetric carbon atoms. The compounds of Formula (I) may thus be present as mixtures of stereoisomers or preferably as pure stereoisomers. Mixtures of stereoisomers may be separated in a manner known to a person skilled in the art.
In case a particular compound (or generic structure) is designated as being in a certain absolute configuration, e.g. as (R)- or (S)-enantiomer, such designation is to be understood as referring to the respective compound (or generic structure) in enriched, especially essentially pure, enantiomeric form. Likewise, in case a specific asymmetric center in a compound is designated as being in (R)- or (S)-configuration or as being in a certain relative configuration, such designation is to be understood as referring to the compound that is in enriched, especially essentially pure, form with regard to the respective configuration of said asymmetric center. Likewise, in case such stereogenic or asymmetric center is designated as being in (RS)-configuration, this means that such stereogenic or asymmetric center in such compound may be present in (R)-configuration, in (S)-configuration, or in any mixture of epimers with regard to such center. In case two or more such stereogenic or asymmetric centers (in undesignated or designated (RS)-configuration) are present in one molecule, it is understood that, if not explicitly defined otherwise, the order of absolute configuration does not indicate any defined relative configuration with regard to the two or more centers. It is understood that explicitly designated (R)- or (S)-configuration(s) and undesignated or designated (RS)-configuration(s), can co-exist in one and the same molecule and are to be interpreted accordingly. In analogy, cis- or trans-designations (or (R*,R*)/(R*,S*) designations) are to be understood as referring to the respective stereoisomer of the respective relative configuration in enriched form, especially in essentially pure form. The relative configuration of stereoisomers is denoted as follows: for example, the compound 2,3-difluoro-4-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1-((3R*,4S*)-3-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzonitrile; denominates 2,3-difluoro-4-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1-((3R,4S)-3-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzonitrile, 2,3-difluoro-4-(1-((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((1-((3S,4R)-3-fluorotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzonitrile, or any mixtures thereof. Likewise, the compound (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-(4-(4-chloro-2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-6-((1-((3R*,4R*)-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol denominates (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-(4-(4-chloro-2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-6-((1-((3R,4R)-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol I, (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-(4-(4-chloro-2,3-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-6-((1-((3S,4S)-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol, or any mixtures thereof.
In this patent application, a bond drawn as a dotted line, or interrupted by a wavy line, shows the point of attachment of the radical drawn. For example, the radicals drawn below
describe a 2,3,4-trifluorophenyl group.
The term “enriched”, when used in the context of stereoisomers, is to be understood in the context of the present invention to mean that the respective stereoisomer is present in a ratio of at least 70:30, especially of at least 90:10 (i.e., in a purity of at least 70% by weight, especially of at least 90% by weight), with regard to the respective other stereoisomer/the entirety of the respective other stereoisomers.
The term “essentially pure”, when used in the context of stereoisomers, is to be understood in the context of the present invention to mean that the respective stereoisomer is present in a purity of at least 95% by weight, especially of at least 99% by weight, with regard to the respective other stereoisomer/the entirety of the respective other stereoisomers.
The present invention also includes isotopically labelled, especially 2H (deuterium) labelled compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiments 1) to 25), which compounds are identical to the compounds of Formula (I) except that one or more atoms have each been replaced by an atom having the same atomic number but an atomic mass different from the atomic mass usually found in nature. Isotopically labelled, especially 2H (deuterium) labelled compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (Ill) and salts thereof are within the scope of the present invention. Substitution of hydrogen with the heavier isotope 2H (deuterium) may lead to greater metabolic stability, resulting e.g. in increased in-vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, or may lead to reduced inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting e.g. in an improved safety profile. In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of Formula (I) are not isotopically labelled, or they are labelled only with one or more deuterium atoms. In a sub-embodiment, the compounds of Formula (I) are not isotopically labelled at all. Isotopically labelled compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared in analogy to the methods described hereinafter, but using the appropriate isotopic variation of suitable reagents or starting materials.
Where the plural form is used for compounds, salts, pharmaceutical compositions, diseases and the like, this is intended to mean also a single compound, salt, or the like.
Any reference to compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiments 1) to 25) is to be understood as referring also to the salts (and especially the pharmaceutically acceptable salts) of such compounds, as appropriate and expedient.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts that retain the desired biological activity of the subject compound and exhibit minimal undesired toxicological effects. Such salts include inorganic or organic acid and/or base addition salts depending on the presence of basic and/or acidic groups in the subject compound. For reference see for example “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Properties, Selection and Use.”, P. Heinrich Stahl, Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Wiley-VCH, 2008; and “Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-crystals”, Johan Wouters and Luc Quere (Eds.), RSC Publishing, 2012.
Definitions provided herein are intended to apply uniformly to the compounds of Formula (I), as defined in any one of embodiments 1) to 20), and, mutatis mutandis, throughout the description and the claims unless an otherwise expressly set out definition provides a broader or narrower definition. It is well understood that a definition or preferred definition of a term defines and may replace the respective term independently of (and in combination with) any definition or preferred definition of any or all other terms as defined herein.
In this patent application, the compounds are named using IUPAC nomenclature, but can also be named using carbohydrate nomenclature. Thus, the moiety:
can be named (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-4-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl or, alternatively, 1,2,3-tri-deoxy-2-methoxy-3-[4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-α-D-galactopyranoside-1-yl, wherein the absolute configuration of carbon atom carrying the point of attachment to the rest of the molecule is (2R)—, respectively, alpha. For example, the compound (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-((4-cyclopentyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxy-4-(4-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol is to be understood as also referring to: 1-(1,2,3-tri-deoxy-2-methoxy-3-[4-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-α-D-galacto-pyranose)-1-(4-cyclopentyl-1H-triazol-1-yl)-methane.
Whenever a substituent is denoted as optional, it is understood that such substituent may be absent (i.e. the respective residue is unsubstituted with regard to such optional substituent), in which case all positions having a free valency (to which such optional substituent could have been attached to; such as for example in an aromatic ring the ring carbon atoms and/or the ring nitrogen atoms having a free valency) are substituted with hydrogen where appropriate. Likewise, in case the term “optionally” is used in the context of (ring) heteroatom(s), the term means that either the respective optional heteroatom(s), or the like, are absent (i.e. a certain moiety does not contain heteroatom(s)/is a carbocycle/or the like), or the respective optional heteroatom(s), or the like, are present as explicitly defined. If not explicitly defined otherwise in the respective embodiment or claim, groups defined herein are unsubstituted.
The term “halogen” means fluorine/fluoro, chlorine/chloro, bromine/bromo or iodine/iodo; especially fluoro, chloro, or bromo; in particular fluoro. For the substituent RP4 the term especially means fluoro, chloro, or bromo.
The term “alkyl”, used alone or in combination, refers to a saturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing one to six carbon atoms. The term “Cx-y-alkyl” (x and y each being an integer), refers to an alkyl group as defined before, containing x to y carbon atoms. For example, a C1-6-alkyl group contains from one to six carbon atoms.
Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert.-butyl, pentyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-propyl and 3,3-dimethyl-butyl. For avoidance of any doubt, in case a group is referred to as e.g. propyl or butyl, it is generally referring to n-propyl, respectively, n-butyl. Examples of branched C3-6-alkyl as used for the group R2 are the above-listed branched alkyl groups, especially isopropyl and tert-butyl.
The term “—Cx-y-alkylene-”, used alone or in combination, refers to bivalently bound alkyl group as defined before containing x to y carbon atoms. The term “—C0-y-alkylene-” refers to a direct bond, or to a —(C1-y)alkylene- as defined before. Preferably, the points of attachment of a —C1-y-alkylene group are in 1,1-diyl, or in 1,2-diyl, or in 1,3-diyl arrangement. In case a C0-y-alkylene group is used in combination with another substituent, the term means that either said substituent is linked through a C1-y-alkylene group to the rest of the molecule, or it is directly attached to the rest of the molecule (i.e. a Co-alkylene group represents a direct bond linking said substituent to the rest of the molecule). The alkylene group —C2H— refers to —CH2—CH2— if not explicitly indicated otherwise. Examples of —C1-3-alkylene as used for example in —C1-3-alkylene-OH or —C1-3-alkylene-O—C1-3-alkyl are especially methylene, and ethylene (—CH2—CH2—).
The term “fluoroalkyl”, used alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl group as defined before containing one to three carbon atoms in which one or more (and possibly all) hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. The term “Cx-y-fluoroalkyl” (x and y each being an integer) refers to a fluoroalkyl group as defined before containing x to y carbon atoms. For example, a C1-3-fluoroalkyl group contains from one to three carbon atoms in which one to seven hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. C1-fluoroalkyl especially refers to trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl.
The term “cycloalkyl”, used alone or in combination, refers to a saturated mono- or bicyclic (e.g. bridged bicyclic, fused bicyclic, or spiro-bicyclic) hydrocarbon ring containing three to eight carbon atoms. The term “Cx-y-cycloalkyl” (x and y each being an integer), refers to a cycloalkyl group as defined before containing x to y carbon atoms. For example, a C3-6-cycloalkyl group contains from three to six carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups are mono-cyclic C3-6-cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl (especially cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl); bridged bicyclic C5-8-cycloalkyl groups such as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-yl or bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-yl; spiro-bicyclic C6-8-cycloalkyl groups such as spiro[2.3]hexan-5-yl; and fused bicyclic C6-8-cycloalkyl groups such as bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl (especially (1R,5S)-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-6-yl).
The term “heterocycloalkyl”, used alone or in combination, and if not explicitly defined in a more narrow way, refers to a saturated cycloalkyl as defined before, wherein said cycloalkyl contains one or two ring heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (especially one oxygen atom; or one sulfur atom, one nitrogen atom, two nitrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms, or one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom). The term “x- to y-membered heterocycloalkyl” refers to such a heterocycloalkyl containing a total of x to y ring atoms. Heterocycloalkyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted as explicitly defined. Examples of heterocycloalkyl groups are mono-cyclic 4- to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one ring oxygen atom such as oxetan-3-yl and tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl; and spiro-bicyclic 7- or 8-membered heterocycloalkyl containing one ring oxygen atom such as 2-oxaspiro[3.3]heptan-6-yl.
The term “alkoxy”, used alone or in combination, refers to an alkyl-O— group wherein the alkyl group is as defined before. The term “Cx-y-alkoxy” (x and y each being an integer) refers to an alkoxy group as defined before containing x to y carbon atoms. Preferred are ethoxy and especially methoxy.
The term “heteroaryl”, used alone or in combination, and if not explicitly defined in a broader or more narrow way, means a 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring containing one to a maximum of four heteroatoms, each independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of such heteroaryl groups are furanyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indazolyl, benzo[d]imidazolyl, benzo[d]oxazolyl and indolyl. The above-mentioned heteroaryl groups are unsubstituted or substituted as explicitly defined. For the substituent HET1 examples of 5-membered heteroaryl groups are especially oxazolyl, thiazolyl, and imidazolyl.
The term “cyano” refers to a group —CN.
The term “oxo” refers to a group ═O which is preferably attached to a chain or ring carbon (or sulfur) atom as for example in a carbonyl group —(CO)— (or a sulfonyl group —(SO2)—).
Whenever the word “between” is used to describe a numerical range, it is to be understood that the end points of the indicated range are explicitly included in the range. For example: if a temperature range is described to be between 40° C. and 80° C., this means that the end points 40° C. and 80° C. are included in the range; or if a variable is defined as being an integer between 1 and 4, this means that the variable is the integer 1, 2, 3, or 4.
Unless used regarding temperatures, the term “about” placed before a numerical value “X” refers in the current application to an interval extending from X minus 10% of X to X plus 10% of X, and preferably to an interval extending from X minus 5% of X to X plus 5% of X. In the particular case of temperatures, the term “about” placed before a temperature “Y” refers in the current application to an interval extending from the temperature Y minus 10° C. to Y plus 10° C., and preferably to an interval extending from Y minus 5° C. to Y plus 5° C. Besides, the term “room temperature” as used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C.
Further embodiments of the invention are presented hereinafter:
3) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to embodiments 1) or 2), wherein
4) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to embodiments 1) or 2), wherein
5) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to embodiments 1) or 2), wherein
6) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to embodiments 1) or 2), wherein
RP2 represents fluoro;
RP3 represents fluoro; and
RP4 represents fluoro, chloro, bromo, or methyl.
7) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 6), wherein R1 represents hydroxy; or C1-4-alkoxy (especially methoxy).
8) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 6), wherein R1 represents methoxy.
9) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
10) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 9), wherein A represents [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl wherein R2 is attached to position 1 of said [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl.
11) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 9), wherein A represents [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl wherein R2 is attached to position 4 of said [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl.
12) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a), b) and c) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
13) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a), b) and c) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
14) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a), b) and c) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
15) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a), b) and c) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
16) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a) and b) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
17) Another embodiment relates to compounds according to any one of embodiments 1) to 8), wherein
selected from:
or
selected from:
or
selected from:
wherein each of the groups a), b) and c) forms a separate sub-embodiment.
18) In a further embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the Formula (I) which are also compounds of the Formula (II),
wherein
19) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of Formula (II) according to embodiment 18), wherein the group
is as defined in embodiment 3); wherein especially such group is:
20) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of Formula (II) according to embodiment 18) or 19), wherein the group -A-R2 is as defined in embodiment 12), 13), 14), 15), 16), or 17).
21) Another embodiment relates to compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiment 1), which are selected from the following compounds:
22) In addition to the compounds listed in embodiment 21), further compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiment 1) are selected from:
23) In addition to the compounds listed in embodiments 21) and 22), further compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiment 1) are selected from:
24) In addition to the compounds listed in embodiments 21), 22), and 23), further compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiment 1) are selected from:
25) In addition to the compounds listed in embodiments 21), 22), 23), and 24), further compounds of Formula (I) according to embodiment 1) are selected from:
I) Further disclosed are compounds of Formula (III)
wherein
II) Further disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (III) according to disclosure 1), wherein A represents [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl wherein R2 is attached to position 4 of said [1,2,3]triazol-1,4-diyl.
III) Further disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (III) according to disclosure 1) or II), wherein R2 represents
IV) Further disclosed are compounds of Formula (III) according to disclosure 1), which are selected from the following compounds:
The production of the pharmaceutical compositions can be effected in a manner which will be familiar to any person skilled in the art (see for example Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition (2005), Part 5, “Pharmaceutical Manufacturing” [published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]) by bringing the described compounds of Formula (I) or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, optionally in combination with other therapeutically valuable substances, into a galenical administration form together with suitable, non-toxic, inert, therapeutically compatible solid or liquid carrier materials and, if desired, usual pharmaceutical adjuvants.
The present invention also relates to a method for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of a disease or disorder mentioned herein comprising administering to a subject a pharmaceutically active amount of a compound of Formula (I) according to embodiments 1) to 25).
For avoidance of any doubt, if compounds are described as useful for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of certain diseases, such compounds are likewise suitable for use in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of said diseases. Likewise, such compounds are also suitable in a method for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of such diseases, comprising administering to a subject (mammal, especially human) in need thereof, an effective amount of such compound.
26) Another embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) as defined in any one of embodiments 1) to 25) which are useful for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of diseases and disorders that are related to galectin-3 binding to natural ligands.
Such diseases and disorders that are related to galectin-3 binding to natural ligands are especially diseases and disorders in which inhibition of the physiological activity of Gal-3 is useful, such as diseases in which a Gal-3 receptor participates, is involved in the etiology or pathology of the disease or is otherwise associated with at least one symptom of the disease.
Diseases or disorders that are related to galectin-3 binding to natural ligands may in particular be defined as including:
27) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of fibrosis of organs including liver/hepatic fibrosis, renal/kidney fibrosis, lung/pulmonary fibrosis heart/cardiac fibrosis, eye/corneal fibrosis, and skin fibrosis; as well as gut fibrosis, head and neck fibrosis, hypertrophic scarring and keloids; and fibrosis sequelae of organ transplant.
28) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of cardiovascular diseases and disorders.
29) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
30) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of (acute or chronic) liver diseases and disorders.
31) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of interstitial lung diseases and disorders.
32) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of ocular diseases and disorders.
33) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of cell proliferative diseases and cancers.
Especially such cell proliferative diseases and cancers are cancers of the thyroid gland, the central nervous system, the tongue, the breast, the gastric system, the head and neck squamous cell, the pancreas, the bladder, the kidney, the liver, the parathyroid, or the salivary glands; or lymphoma; carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma or neuroblastoma.
34) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of chronic or acute inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and disorders.
35) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases and disorders.
36) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of pancreatic diseases and disorders.
37) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of abnormal angiogenesis-associated diseases and disorders.
38) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of brain-associated diseases and disorders.
39) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathy.
40) A further embodiment relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use according to embodiment 26) wherein said compounds are for use in the treatment of transplant rejection.
For avoidance of any doubt, if compounds are described as useful for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of certain diseases, such compounds are likewise suitable for use in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of said diseases. Likewise, such compounds are also suitable in a method for the prevention/prophylaxis or treatment of such diseases, comprising administering to a subject (mammal, especially human) in need thereof, an effective amount of such compound.
Besides, any preferences and (sub-)embodiments indicated for the compounds of Formula (I) (whether for the compounds themselves, salt thereof, compositions containing the compounds or salts thereof, or uses of the compounds or salts thereof, etc.) apply mutatis mutandis to compounds of Formula (II).
The compounds of Formula (I) can be prepared by well-known literature methods, by the methods given below, by the methods given in the experimental part below or by analogous methods. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvents used, but such conditions can be determined by a person skilled in the art by routine optimisation procedures. In some cases, the order of carrying out the following reaction schemes, and/or reaction steps, may be varied to facilitate the reaction or to avoid unwanted reaction products. In the general sequence of reactions outlined below, the generic groups R1, R2, A, and Ar1 are as defined for Formula (I). Other abbreviations used herein are explicitly defined or are as defined in the experimental section. In some instances, the generic groups R1, R2, A, and Ar1 might be incompatible with the assembly illustrated in the schemes below and so will require the use of protecting groups (Pg). The use of protecting groups is well known in the art (see for example “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, T. W. Greene, P. G. M. Wuts, Wiley-Interscience, 1999). For the purposes of this discussion, it will be assumed that such protecting groups as necessary are in place. In some cases, the final product may be further modified, for example, by manipulation of substituents to give a new final product. These manipulations may include, but are not limited to, reduction, oxidation, alkylation, acylation, hydrolysis and transition-metal catalysed cross-coupling reactions which are commonly known to those skilled in the art. The compounds obtained may also be converted into salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in a manner known per se.
Compounds of the Formula (I) of the present invention can be prepared according to the general sequence of reactions outlined below. Only a few of the synthetic possibilities leading to compounds of Formula (I) are described.
Compounds of Formula (I) are prepared by deprotecting a compound of Structure 1 in which R represents, hydrogen, a suitable protective group such as acetyl, trimethylsilyl, TBDMS or R1, as defined in Formula (I).
Compounds of Structure 1 in which A represents a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole (Structure 2a or Structure 2b) can be prepared by copper-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of alkynes of structures 3 or 6 with azides of structures 4 or 5 (Click Chemistry in Glycoscience: New Development and Strategies, 1st Edition, 2013, John Wiley& Sons, WO 2017/007689 A1) following a batch procedure, alternatively the reaction can be run on a commercial continuous-flow reactor (Vapourtec) using a copper coil in a solvent such as THE and as shown below.
Azides of Structure 4 are either commercially available or can be prepared according to procedures known to a person skilled in the art (Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12, 4397-4406, Nature 2019, 574, 86-89, Org. Lett., 2007, 9, 3797-3800).
Experimental Part
The following examples illustrate the invention but do not at all limit the scope thereof.
All temperatures are stated in ° C. Commercially available starting materials are used as received without further purification. Unless otherwise specified, all reactions are carried out under an atmosphere of nitrogen or argon. Compounds are purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (Combiflash, ISCO), by prep TLC (TLC-plates from Merck, Silica gel 60 F254) or by preparative HPLC. Compounds described in the invention are characterized by 1H-NMR spectra, which are recorded on a Bruker Avance II, 400 MHz Ultra Shield™ or Brooker Avance III HD, Descend 500 MHz; chemical shifts are given in ppm relative to the solvent used; multiplicities: s=singlet, d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quadruplet, quint=quintuplet, hex=hexet, hept=heptet, m=multiplet, br=broad, coupling constants are given in Hz) and/or by LCMS (retention time tR is given in min; molecular weight obtained for the mass spectrum is given in g/mol) using the conditions listed below and/or by chiral analytical HPLC (retention time tR is given in min).
Characterization methods used:
The LC-MS retention times are obtained using the following elution conditions:
A) LC-MS (A):
Zorbax RRHD SB-Aq, 1.8 μm, 2.1×50 mm column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=water+0.04% TFA; solvent B=acetonitrile. The eluent flow rate is 0.8 mL/min and the characteristics of the eluting mixture proportion in function of the time t from start of the elution are summarized in the table below (a linear gradient being used between two consecutive time points):
B) LC-MS (B):
Waters BEH C18, 1.8 μm, 1.2*50 mm column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=water+13 mM NH4OH; solvent B=acetonitrile. The eluent flow rate is 0.8 mL/min and the characteristics of the eluting mixture proportion in function of the time t from start of the elution are summarized in the table below (a linear gradient being used between two consecutive time points):
The purifications by preparative LC-MS are performed using the conditions described hereafter.
C) Preparative LC-MS (1):
A Waters column (Waters XBridge C18, 10 μm OBD, 30×75 mm) is used. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=water+0.5% of a solution of 25% NH4OH in water; solvent B=acetonitrile. The eluent flow rate is 75 mL/min and the characteristics of the eluting mixture proportion in function of the time t from start of the elution are summarized in the tables below (a linear gradient being used between two consecutive time points):
D) Preparative LC-MS (II):
A Waters column (Zorbax SB-AQ 30×75 mm 5 μm) is used. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=water+HCOOH 0.5%; solvent B=acetonitrile. The eluent flow rate is 75 mL/min and the characteristics of the eluting mixture proportion in function of the time t from start of the elution are summarized in the tables below (a linear gradient being used between two consecutive time points):
Chiral preparative HPLC methods used:
E) Chiral Preparative HPLC (1):
ChiralPack IC, 5 μm, 30×250 mm is used, column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=CO2; solvent B=(MeCN/EtOH)=(1/1). The eluent flow rate is 160 mL/min. The elution is done isocratic using 60% of the solvent A and 40% of the solvent B. The injection V=1.0 mL, 10 mg/mL EtOH.
F) Chiral Preparative HPLC (II):
Chiralcel OJ-H, 5 μm, 30×250 mm is used, column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=CO2; solvent B=(MeCN/EtOH)=(1/1). The eluent flow rate is 160 mL/min. The elution is done isocratic using 80% of the solvent A and 20% of the solvent B. The injection V=1.0 mL, 10 mg/mL EtOH.
G) Chiral Preparative HPLC (Ill):
ChiralPack IB, 5 μm, 30×250 mm is used, column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=CO2; solvent B=EtOH. The eluent flow rate is 160 mL/min. The elution is done isocratic using 75% of the solvent A and 25% of the solvent B. The injection V=2.0 mL, 10 mg/mL EtOH.
H) Chiral Preparative HPLC (IV):
Chiralcel OJ-H, 5 μm, 30×250 mm is used, column thermostated at 40° C. The two elution solvents are as follows: solvent A=CO2; solvent B=EtOH. The eluent flow rate is 160 mL/min. The elution is done isocratic using 80% of the solvent A and 20% of the solvent B. The injection V=1.5 mL, 10 mg/mL EtOH.
I) Chiral Analytical HPLC (1):
Diastereomers of diastereomer mixtures are characterized by chiral analytical HPLC. Conditions vary for each diastereomer mixture. Several columns have been used, all have the same size: 4.6×250 mm, 5 um. Elution is done, if not specified otherwise, at isocratic conditions: Eluent A is usually CO2, if not otherwise specified, eluent B is either an organic solvent or a mixture thereof. Runs last from 2.5 to 5 min.
Column type, B solvent, wherever needed also Solvent A and the length of the elution are mentioned for each diastereomer in the corresponding Table shown herewith.
Abbreviations (as used herein):
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(acetoxymethyl)-4-azidotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,5-triyl triacetate is synthesized from (3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-5-((R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol following the literature procedures from Ref: Carbohydrate Research 1994, 251, 33-67 and references cited therein.
To a cooled (0° C.) solution of Intermediate 1 (10 g, 26.8 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) are added allyltrimethylsilane 98% (13 mL, 80.4 mmol, 3 eq) and dropwise TMSOTf (99%, 2.45 mL, 13.4 mmol, 0.5 eq). The ice bath is removed after the addition is finished and the mixture is stirred at rt for 72 h. The mixture is then poured on aq. sat. NaHCO3 solution and extracted with TBME. The phases are separated and the combined organic phase is washed with brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by filtration over SiO2 (10% TBME in DCM) to give the title intermediate (as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers) as a colorless oil which is used in the next step without further purification.
major isomer: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 5.70-5.78 (m, 1H), 5.31 (dd, J1=1.6 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.06-5.14 (m, 2H), 5.00 (dd, J1=5.6 Hz, J2=10.5H, 1H), 4.39 (dd, J1=3.4 Hz, J2=10.6 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (quint, J=4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.91-4.09 (m, 3H), 2.56-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H)
To a warmed (60° C.) solution of Intermediate 2 (18.75 g, 52.8 mmol) in DMF (120 mL) are added copper(I) iodide (0.5 g, 2.64 mmol, 0.05 eq), DIPEA (27.1 mL, 158 mmol, 3.0 eq) and 1-chloro-4-ethynyl-2,3-difluorobenzene (9.6 g, 55.4 mmol, 1.05 eq). Stirring is continued at 60° C. for 2 h, then at rt over 15 h. The mixture is diluted with EA, the phases are separated and the org. phase is washed with aq. sat. NH4Cl, water and aq. sat. NaCl, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by Combiflash (330 g cartridge, elution with 0->50% EA in Hept) yields the desired product as a beige solid (26.1 g, 94%, 12% β-anomer). LCMS (A): tR=1.04 min; [M+H]+=528.08.
To a solution of Intermediate 3 (26.0 g, 49.3 mmol) in MeOH (150 mL) is added K2CO3 (0.68 g, 4.93 mmol, 0.1 eq). The reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 1 h, acidified with Amber Chrom (Dowex, 50WX2 Hydrogen Form) to pH=5, then filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude compound is triturated from TDBME and filtered to give the desired product as a beige solid (15.22 g, 77%, as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers). LCMS (A): tR=0.74 min; [M+H]+=401.75.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.41 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 5.82-5.92 (m, 1H), 5.34 (m, 1H), 5.1 (m, 1H), 5.17 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (dd, J1=5.8 Hz, J2=11.0 Hz, 1H), 3.98-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.95 (s, 1H), 3.78 (t, J=6.3, 1H), 3.38-3.52 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 1H).
A solution of Intermediate 4 (15.22 g, 36.6 mmol) in THF/Acetone (100 mL/20 mL) is treated with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (16.1 mL, 128 mmol, 3.5 eq) and PTSA monohydrate (0.355 g, 1.83 mmol, 0.05 eq) and the solution is stirred at 50° C. for 4 h. The mixture is diluted with EA, the layers are separated and the org. layer is washed with aq. sat. NaHCO3, water and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude title intermediate as a beige foam (as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers). LCMS (A): tR=0.93 min; [M+H]+=442.15.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.3 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 5.86 (m, 1H), 5.41 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.06-5.18 (m, 3H), 4.49 (m, 1H), 4.33 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.09-4.12 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.68 (s, 1H), 3.63 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.33-2.43 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.20 (m, 3H).
To a solution of Intermediate 5 (17.72 g, 40.1 mmol, 1 eq) in 1,4-dioxane (216 mL) and water (20 mL), is added 2,6-lutidine (14.2 mL, 120 mmol, 3 eq) and NaIC4 (25.7 g, 120 mmol, 3 eq), followed by K2[OsO2(OH)4] (0.074 g, 0.20 mmol, 0.005 eq). The suspension is vigorously stirred at rt over 15 h, diluted with EA (100 mL), filtered and the precipitate washed with EA (50 mL). The combined filtrate is washed with water (50 mL), aq. 1N HCl, brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to recover the crude title compound (as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers). LCMS (A): tR=0.91 min; [M+H]+=444.06
To a cooled (−3° C.) solution of Intermediate 6 (17.8 g, 40.1 mmol) in MeOH (242 mL) and MeCN (81 mL), are added dimethyl(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (10.61 g, 54.1 mmol, 1.35 eq) and K2CO3 (11.1 g, 80.2 mmol, 2 eq). The mixture is stirred at −5° C. (cryostat) for 15 h, then dimethyl(1-diazo-2-oxopropyl)phosphonate (1.57 g, 8 mmol, 0.2 eq) is added again. The solution is stirred for additional 4 h, while slowly letting the solution warm to rt, then it is partitioned between DCM and aq. sat. NH4Cl. The layers are separated and the aq. layer is extracted once more with DCM. The combined org. layer is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to recover the crude. Purification by Combiflash (220 g cartridge, elution gradient 20->100% EA in Heptane) yields the title compound (11.78 g, 67%, as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers). LCMS (A): tR=0.94 min; [M+H]+=440.39.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.30 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 7.9-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.59 (m, 1H), 5.54 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.12 (dd, J1=11.3 Hz, J2=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.30 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.05-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.80 (s, 1H), 2.54 (m, 1H) 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
To a cooled (0° C.) solution of intermediate 7 (11.78 g, 26.8 mmol) in DMF (130 mL) is added Mel (2.19 mL, 34.8 mmol, 1.3 eq) followed by NaH (55%, 0.1287 g, 29.5 mmol, 1.1 eq). The solution is stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, partitioned between aq. sat. NH4Cl and EA and the phases are separated. The org. layer is washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude. Purification by Combiflash (product linked on Isolute, column 80 g, elution gradient 20->60% EA in Heptane) yields the title product (as a 9:1 mixture of alpha/beta isomers) as a white powder (10.57 g, 87%). LCMS (A): tR=1.03 min; [M+H]+=453.78.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.43 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.91-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J1=11.4 Hz, J2=3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.27 (m, 2H), 4.07 (dd, J1=13.0 Hz, J2=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.89-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.85 (t, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.41-2.48 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
This intermediate is prepared from Intermediate 2 and 1-ethynyl-2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzene in analogy to Intermediate 8 as the essentially pure alpha isomers. LCMS (A): tR=0.97 min; [M+H]+=434.02. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.79 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (d, J=12.5 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.07 (d, J=13.0 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.91-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.85 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H).
This intermediate is prepared from Intermediate 2 and 1-ethynyl-2,3,4-trifluorobenzene in analogy to Intermediate 8 as the essentially pure alpha isomers. LCMS (A): tR=1.01 min; [M+H]+=453.85. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.39 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76-8.02 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.49 (m, 1H), 5.24 (dd, J1=11.4 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.27-4.36 (m, 2H), 4.07 (dd, J1=13.1 Hz, J2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.69-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.94 (ddd, J1=2.6 Hz, J2=10.7 Hz, J3=17.5 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 2.78-2.87 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
This intermediate is prepared from Intermediate 2 and 1-bromo-4-ethynyl-2,3-difluorobenzene in analogy to Intermediate 8 as the essentially pure alpha isomer. LCMS (A): tR=1.03 min; [M+H]+=497.89. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.43 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 5.25 (dd, J1=11.4 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.07 (dd, J1=13.1 Hz, J2=2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.94 (ddd, J1=17.6 Hz, J2=10.8 Hz, J3=2.5 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (t, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
To a cooled (3° C.) solution of Intermediate 1 (19.0 g, 50.9 mmol) in MeCN (120 mL) are added trimethyl(propargyl)silane (23.76 mL, 127 mmol, 2.5 eq) followed by BF3OEt2 (18.8 mL, 153 mmol, 3 eq) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (18.6 mL, 102 mmol, 2.0 eq) dropwise. The mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h and at rt for 1 h, then partitioned between TBME and aq. sat. NaHCO3. The phases are separated and the org. phase is washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The crude product is purified by FC (10% TBME in DCM) to give the desired allene intermediate as a yellowish oil, that is directly converted further (TLC:EA/Hept=2:1).
The title compound is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 3, starting from Intermediate 12 (as a 98/2 mixture of alpha/beta isomers). LCMS (A): tR=1.05 min; [M+H]+=526.10
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.68 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 5.86 (dd, J1=5.8 Hz, J2=11.9, 1H), 5.72 (q, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (dd, J1=3.1 Hz, J2=11.9, 1 H), 5.44 (dd, J1=1.2 Hz, J2=3.1, 1 H), 5.06 (dd, J1=0.6 Hz, J2=2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.06 (dd, J1=0.8 Hz, J2=2.9 Hz, J3=6.7 Hz, 2H), 5.01-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.46 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.97 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.99 (m, 6H), 1.87 (s, 3H).
The title intermediate is prepared starting from Intermediate 13 following the procedures of Intermediates 4, 5 and 8 as a 98/2 mixture of alpha/beta isomers. LCMS (A): tR=1.06 min; [M+H]+=454.12 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.44 (d, J=3.4 Hz 1H), 7.91-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.54 (m, 1H), 5.73 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (dd, J1=3.9 Hz, J2=11.4 Hz), 4.95-5.05 (m, 3H), 4.34-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.03-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J1=1.5 Hz, J2=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (dd, J1=1.7 Hz, J2=13 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
Intermediate 14 (11.4 g, 25.1 mmol) is dissolved in DCM/MeOH (4:1, 500 mL) and cooled to −70° C. Ozone is bubbled through the solution until the KI solution in the scrubber turned brown (˜2 h). Excess O3 is purged by bubbling N2 through the solution for 10 min. NaBH4 (0.95 g, 25.1 mmol, 1 eq) is added at −78° C., the dry ice bath is removed and the mixture is allowed to warm up to rt within 1 h. The mixture is then carefully quenched with water (25 mL) and the layers are separated. The org. layer is extracted once more with DCM, the combined organic layer is washed with water, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude solid is purified by FC using CombiFlash (SiO2 column; elution gradient 0->50% EA in Hept) to give the title intermediate as a white solid as the essentially pure alpha isomer. LCMS (A): tR=0.87 min; [M+H]+=446.12.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.44 (d, J=3.4 Hz 1H), 7.91-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.54 (m, 1H), 5.34 (dd, J1=3.5 Hz, J2=11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (dd, J1=1.1 Hz, J2=3.5 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.37 (m, 2H), 3.97-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.91 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J1=1.5 Hz, J2=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (ddd, J1=2.3 Hz, J2=5.6 Hz, J3=12.2 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H).
Intermediate 15a (5.0 g, 0.011 mmol) is dissolved in DCM (50 mL), pyridine (1.81 mL, 0.024 mmol, 2.0 eq) is added and the reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. Tf2O (1M solution in DCM, 14.0 mL, 0.014 mmol, 1.2 eq) is added dropwise at 0° C. and stirring is continued at 0° C. for 1 h. The mixture is diluted with DCM and washed with aq. 10% citric acid and water. The layers are separated, the org. layer is dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude foam is not further purified and used as such. LCMS (A): tR=1.13 min; [M+H]+=577.76.
To a solution of Intermediate 16a (7.6 g, 13.2 mmol) in dry DMF (120 mL) is added sodium azide (0.942 g, 14.5 mmol, 1.2 eq) and the reaction mixture is heated at 70° C. for 1 h. The mixture is then allowed to cool to rt, diluted with EA and water and the layers are separated. The aq. layer is extracted once with EA (2×). The combined org. layer is washed with water (2×), brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude brown oil is purified by FC using CombiFlash (SiO2 column; elution gradient: 0->10% MeOH in DCM) to give the desired intermediate as a white foam. A second batch of desired product is obtained through a second purification of impure fractions using CombiFlash (SiO2 column; elution gradient: 0->20% EA in Hept) to give the desired intermediate as a white foam (4.89 g, 79%). LCMS (A): tR=1.05 min; [M+H]+=471.13.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.45 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 5.24 (dd, J1=11.6 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (m, 1H), 4.39 (dd, J1=6.1 Hz, J2=11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (dd, J1=1.2 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.2 (dd, J1=10.5 Hz, J2=13.7 Hz, 1H), 4.1 (dd, J1=13.0 Hz, J2=2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 1H), 3.7 (dd, J1=12.8 Hz, J2=1.8 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (dd, J1=13.7 Hz, J2=3.4 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 6H).
The title compound is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 17a, starting from Intermediate 12 and 1-ethynyl-2,3-difluoro-4-methylbenzene. LCMS (A): tR=1.03 min; [M+H]+=451.22. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.37 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 5.22 (dd, J1=3.5 Hz, J2=11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63-4.68 (m, 1H), 4.7 (dd, J1=6.1 Hz, J2=11.7 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (m, 1H), 4.2 (dd, J1=10.7 Hz, J2=13.7 Hz, 1H), 4.0.9 (dd, J1=2 Hz, J2=13 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (s, 1H), 3.69 (dd, J1=1.4 Hz, J2=13.0 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (dd, J1=3.4 Hz, J2=13.7 Hz, 1H), 1.34 (s, 3H), 1.25 (s, 6H).
The title compound is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 17a, starting from Intermediate 12 and 1-ethynyl-2,3,4-trifluorobenzene. LCMS (A): tR=1.0 min; [M+H]+=455.18.
The title compound is prepared in analogy to Intermediate 17a, starting from Intermediate 12 and 1-bromo-4-ethynyl-2,3-difluorobenzene. LCMS (A): tR=1.04 min; [M+H]+=515.12.
To a solution of 1-(methoxymethyl)cyclopropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.189 g, 1.37 mmol, 4.0 eq) and TEA (0.335 mL, 2.40 mmol, 7.0 eq) in MeCN (2.5 mL), is added dropwise a solution of ADMP (0.535 g, 1.78 mmol, 5.2 eq) in MeCN (2.5 mL) at rt. Upon completion of the addition, the mixture is stirred at 30° C. for 40 min, then cooled to rt, and Intermediate 10 (0.15 g, 0.343 mmol, 1.0 eq) is added, followed by a solution of (+)-sodium L-ascorbate (0.007 g, 0.0343 mmol, 0.1 eq), CuI (0.007 g, 0.0343 mmol, 0.1 eq) and trans-N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.00836 mL, 0.0514 mmol, 0.15 eq) in DMSO/H2O (5/1, 2.0 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 20 h, cooled to rt, partitioned between EA and water and the layers are separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with EA, the combined organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered and solvent removed in vacuo to give a yellow oil. The crude material is purified by preparative HPLC/MS (I) to recover the title compound as a yellow oil (0.120 g, 62%). LCMS (A): tR=0.94 min; [M+H]+=565.22.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.43 (d, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.56 (m, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J1=2.8 Hz, J2=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.54-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.35-4.4 (m, 2H), 4.03 (d, J=12.8, 1H), 3.85 (s, 1H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.62 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.88 (dd, J1=1.8 Hz, J2=15 Hz, 1H), 1.32-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.18 (m, 2H).
To a solution of Example 3.1.7. Step 1. (0.120 g, 0.213 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THE (4.0 mL) are added glacial AcOH (8.0 mL) and H2O (8.0 mL). The reaction mixture is stirred at 55° C. for 20 h, cooled to rt, the solvent is removed in vacuo to give a slightly yellow oil that is directly purified by preparative HPLC/MS (I) to give the title compound as a white solid (0.045 g, 40%). LCMS (A): tR=0.77 min; [M+H]+=525.16.
1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.47 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.17 (dd, J1=1.5 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.6-4.7 (m, 1H), 4.5 (dd, J1=6.0 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 4.06 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.63-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.42 (m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10 (dd, J1=3.0 Hz, J2=15.5 Hz, 1H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.26 (m, 2H).
Following examples are prepared starting from either Intermediate 8, 9a, 10a, or 11a and the corresponding amines, according to the procedures described for Example 3.1.7. LC-MS data are listed in Table 1 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
To a solution of (3R,4R)-4-fluorooxan-3-amine hydrochloride (0.034 g, 0.22 mmol, 2.0 eq) and DBU (0.049 mL, 0.33 mmol, 3.0 eq) in MeCN (2.5 mL) is added ADMP (0.066 g, 0.22 mmol, 2.0 eq) and the reaction mixture is stirred at rt for 17 h. This solution is then added to a suspension of Intermediate 8 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol, 1.0 eq), Copper (35 mg, 0.551 mmol, 5.0 eq), AcOH (0.12 mL, 2.2 mmol, 20 eq) and aq. sat CuSO4 (0.203 mL, 1.1 mmol, 10 eq) in THE (2.0 ml) and stirred at rt for 1.0 h. Copper (0.035 g, 0.551 mmol, 5.0 eq) is added again and the reaction mixture is stirred at rt over 17 h. The reaction mixture is filtered, the filtrate is extracted with EA and the phases are separated. The organic phase is washed with aq sat NaCl, dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo to recover the crude as an oil. Purification over preparative HPLC(I) yields the desired product as a white solid (0.012 g, 19%). LCMS (A): tR=0.99 min; [M+H]+=599.05.
To a solution of Example 2.1.65.A Step 1. (0.012 g, 0.021 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (1.0 mL) is added water (0.5 mL), followed by TFA (0.023 mL, 0.417 mmol, 20 eq) and it is stirred at rt for 17 h. The reaction mixture is quenched with 25% NH4OH (pH=10) and directly purified over preparatory HPLC(I) to recover the desired product as a white solid (0.008 g, 66%). LCMS (A): tR=0.82 min; [M+H]+=559.
1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.51 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.95 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.1-5.30 (m, 2H), 4.62-4.79 (m, 2H), 4.51 (dd, J1=6.0 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz), 4.18-4.27 (m, 1H), 4.16 (s), 4.04-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.88 (m, 1H), 3.6-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.41 (dd, J1=12.0 Hz, J2=16.0 Hz), 3.14 (dd, J1=3.3 Hz, J2=16.5 Hz), 2.25-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H).
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 8, 9a, 10a or 11a and the corresponding amines in analogy to the procedures described for Example 2.1.65.A. Step 2. is performed either with TFA, as described or with AcOH, as described for Example 3.1.7. Step 2. Selected examples, synthesized with chiral amines, have yielded mixtures of diastereomers, that are separated by chiral preparatory HPLC.
LC-MS data are listed in Table 2 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A). Chiral analytical HPLC (I) (conditions and retention time) of the diastereomers of selected Examples are also listed.
To a solution of 1-fluoro-2-methylpropan-2-amine hydrochloride (0.1 g, 0.745 mmol) in MeOH (1.0 mL) are added K2CO3 (0.210 g, 1.49 mmol, 2.0 eq), Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (0.02 g, 0.074 mmol, 0.1 eq), 1H-imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride (0.2 g, 0.893 mmol, 1.2 eq) and the reaction mixture is stirred for 17 h at r. A solution of Intermediate 8 (0.2 g, 0.44 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (0.025 g, 0.132 mmol, 0.3 eq) in THE (6.0 mL) is added to the mixture and stirred at 50° C. for 4 days. The reaction mixture is quenched with aq. sat. NH4Cl (10.0 mL) and water and diluted with EA (10.0 mL). The aq. phase is extracted once more with EA (10.0 mL), the phases are separated and the combined organic phase is dried over a phase separator and the solvent is removed in vacuo to recover the crude as a brown oil. Purification over preparative H PLC(I) yields the desired product as a white foam (0.038 g, 15%). LCMS (A): tR=1.01 min; [M+H]+=571.09.
To a solution of Example 2.1.45. Step 1. (0.035 g, 0.061 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (1.0 mL) is added water (0.5 mL) and the reaction mixture is cooled to 000 (ice bath). TEA (0.38 mL, 4.9 mmol, 80 eq) is added dropwise and the solution is stirred at rt for 20 h. The reaction mixture is quenched with 25% NH4OH (pH=10) and directly purified over preparatory HPLC(I) to recover the desired product as a white solid (0.026 g, 88%). LCMS (A): tR=0.84 min; [M+H]+=531.02.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.57 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.95-7.98 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.9 (m, 1H), 5.32 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J1=2.9 Hz, J2=11.0 Hz), 4.85 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=47.1 Hz, 2H), 4.44-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.93-4.0 (m, 2H), 3.47-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.333 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.91 (m, 1H), 1.62 (s, 6H)
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 8 and the corresponding amines according to the procedures described for Example 2.1.45. LC-MS data are listed in Table 3 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
To a suspension of 1H-imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride (0.16 g, 0.71 mmol, 1.2 eq) in MeOH (2.0 mL) are added K2CO3 (0.210 g, 1.2 mmol, 2.0 eq), and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (0.015 g, 0.059 mmol, 0.1 eq), followed by 1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropan-1-amine hydrochloride (0.1 g, 0.59 mmol) and stirred at rt for 17 h. The suspension is added to a solution of Intermediate 8 (0.12 g, 0.44 mmol, 1.0 eq) in THE (3.0 ml) with Copper(I) (0.085 g, 1.32 mmol, 5.0 eq), AcOH (0.61 mL, 10.6 mmol, 40 eq) and aq. sat. CuSO4 (0.54 mL) and stirred at rt for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture is quenched with aq. sat. NH4Cl (10.0 mL) and water, diluted with EA (10.0 mL) and the aq. phase is extracted once more with EA (10.0 mL). The combined organic phase is extracted with aq. sat. NaHCO3 (10 mL), aq. sat. NaCl (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo to recover the crude as an oil. Purification over preparative HPLC(I) yields the title product as a white solid (0.134 g, 82%). LCMS (A): tR=1.05 min; [M+H]+=604.83.
To a solution of Example 2.1.54. Step 1. (0.128 g, 0.212 mmol, 1.0 eq) in dioxane (3.0 mL) is added water (1.5 mL) and the reaction mixture is cooled to 0° C. (ice bath). TFA (0.33 mL, 4.24 mmol, 20 eq) is added dropwise and the solution is stirred at rt for 20 h. The reaction mixture is quenched with 25% NH4OH (pH=10) and directly purified over preparatory HPLC(I) to recover the title product as a white solid (0.098 g, 82%). LCMS (A): tR=0.0.9 min; [M+H]+=564.91.
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 8.57 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 5.33 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J1=11.3 Hz, J2=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.45-4.53 (m, 2H), 3.94 (m, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (dd, J1=15.7 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.91 (dd, J1=3.2 Hz, J2=15.7 Hz, 1H), 1.63-1.83 (m, 4H).
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 8, 9a, 10a or 11a and the corresponding amines, in analogy to the procedures described for Example 2.1.54. Step 2. is performed either with TFA, as described or with AcOH, as described for Example 3.1.7. Step 2. Selected examples, synthesized with chiral amines, have yielded mixtures of diastereomers, that are separated by chiral preparatory HPLC.
LC-MS data are listed in Table 4 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A). Chiral analytical HPLC (I) (conditions and retention time) of the diastereomers of selected Examples are also listed.
To a solution of Intermediate 8 (0.1 g, 0.22 mmol, 1.0 eq) in DMF (2.0 mL) are added 1-azido-1-(difluoromethyl)cyclopropane (14.5% in TBME, 0.22 g, 0.242 mmol, 1.1 eq), copper (I) iodide (0.0042 g, 0.022 mmol, 0.1 eq) and DIPEA (0.115 mL, 0.661 mmol, 3.0 eq) and the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. The mixture is partitioned between EA and water/NH4Cl and the layers are separated. The aq. layer is extracted (1×) with EA and the combined org layer is washed with aq. sat. NH4Cl, water and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent reduced under pressure to recover the crude. Purification by preparatory HPLC/MS (I) yields the desired product as a beige solid (0.1 g, 77%). LCMS (A): tR=1.01 min; [M+H]+=587.07.
To a solution of Example 2.1.51. Step 1. (99 mg, 0.169 mmol, 1 eq) in water (4.0 mL) is added acetic acid (4.0 mL) and the solution is stirred at 55° C. for 48 h. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude material is purified by preparative HPLC/MS (I) to give the title compound as a white solid (0.045 g, 49%). LC-MS (A): tR=0.84 min; [M+H]+: 547.01.
1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.50 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 8.2 (s, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 6.02 (t, J=55 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (dd, J1=3.0 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1 Hz), 4.64-4.7 (m, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J1=6.0 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.41 (dd, J1=11.3 Hz, J2=15.8 Hz, 1H), 3.1-3.17 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.6 (m, 4H)
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 8, 10a or 11a and the corresponding azides, according to the procedures described for Example 2.1.51. Step 2 is performed either with AcOH, as described or with TFA, as described for Example 2.1.54. Step 2. LC-MS data are listed in Table 5 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
The triazole synthesis is conducted on a commercial continuous-flow reactor (Vapourtec) using a PFA (2.0 mL internal volume) and a copper coil (10.0 mL internal volume) and a back-pressure regulator (7.0 bar). tert-Amilamine (0.0315 mL, 0.264 mmol, 1.2 eq, 0.12 M in DMSO) and diethylamine (0.165 mL, 1.59 mmol, 7.2 eq) are dissolved in DMSO (1.96 mL). 2-Azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (95.2 mg, 0.317 mmol, 1.44 eq, 0.15 M in DMSO) is dissolved in DMSO (2.15 mL). The two solutions are pumped at a flow of 0.063 mL/min at a T=50° C. through the PFA coil. The rector outlet is fed directly into the copper coil, kept at a temperature of 145° C., together with a solution of Intermediate 8 (0.1 g, 0.22 mmol, 1 eq, 0.05 M in DMSO/water), (+)-sodium L-ascorbate (4.41 mg, 0.022 mmol, 0.1 eq) and trans-N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (0.00537 mL, 0.033 mmol, 0.15 eq) in DMSO/Water (5/1) (4.3 mL) at a flow rate of 0.125 mL/min through. The reactor outlet is collected, diluted with EA (20 mL) and sat. aq. NH4Cl soln. (20 mL). The layers are separated and the organic layer is washed with sat. aq. NH4Cl (20 mL) and brine (20 mL). The layers are separated and the remaining aq. layer is extracted once more with EA (20 mL). The combined organic layer is dried over MgSO4, filtered, concentrated in vacuo to recover the crude, that is purified over preparatory HPLC(I) to yield a white foam as the title compound (0.058 g). LC-MS (A): tR=1.05 min; [M+H]+: 567.05.
The title compound is prepared from Example 2.1.49. Step 1. in TFA in analogy to Example 2.1.51. Step 2. as a colorless glass (0.014, 25%). LCMS (A): tR=0.88 min; [M+H]+=527.01.
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 8 and the corresponding amines according to the procedures described for Example 2.1.49. LC-MS data are listed in Table 6 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
The title compound is prepared from Intermediate 11a and 3-(difluoromethyl)oxetan-3-amine in analogy to Example 2.1.51. Step 1. as a light green glass (0.21, 65%). LCMS (A): tR=0.99 min; [M+H]+=647.09.
To a mixture of Example 5.1.53. Step 1. (0.15 g, 0.232 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Copper(I) cyanide (0.042 g, 0.463 mmol, 2.0 eq) in DMF (3.0 mL) is added copper(I) iodide (0.0004 g, 0.0232 mmol, 0.1 eq) and the resulting yellow solution is stirred at 120° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to rt and quenched with EA and water. The phases are separated, the organic phase is washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material is purified by ISCO to recover (0.112 g, 81%) of desired product as colorless solid. LCMS (A): tR=0.94 min; [M+H]+=593.99.
The title compound is prepared from Example 5.1.53. Step 2. in TEA in analogy to Example 2.1.51. Step 2. as a colorless glass (0.087, 65%). LCMS (A): tR=0.77 min; [M+H]+=554.16.
1H NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.63 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 8.16 (m, 1H), 7.70 (m, 1H), 6.57 (t, J=54.5 Hz), 5.19-5.24 (m, 3H), 5.15 (dd, J1=2.3 Hz, J2=7.7 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (in, 1H), 4.53 (dd, J1=5.9 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz 2H, 1H), 4.15 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.07-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.46 (dd, J1=15.8 Hz, J2=11.9 Hz, 1H), 3.15-3.19 (m, 1H).
Following examples are prepared starting from Intermediate 11a and the corresponding amines according to the procedures described for Example 5.1.53. Step 3. is performed either with TEA a described, or with AcOH, as reported for Example 3.1.7. Step 2. LC-MS data are listed in Table 7 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
2-Methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (0.017 g, 0.2 mmol, 1 eq) and Intermediate 18a (90.1 mg, 0.2 mmol) are dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and Copper(I) iodide (3.89 mg, 0.02 mmol, 0.1 eq) and DIPEA (0.10 mL, 0.6 mmol, 3.0 eq) are added. The mixture is stirred at rt for 15 h, then filtered and directly purified by prep HPLC/MS (I) to recover the desired compound (0.094 g, 88%). LCMS (A): tR=0.86 min; [M+H]+=535.23.
To a solution of Example 1.2.34. 1. Step (0.094, 0.18 mmol) in THE (6.0 mL) is added a mixture of AcOH/water (1/1, 10 mL) and the solution is stirred at 65° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture is partitioned between EA and aq. sat NaHCO3. The layers are separated and the aq. phase is extracted with EA (2×15 mL), the combined organic phase is dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude is purified by prep HPLC/MS (I) to recover the desired product (0.072 g, 83%). LCMS (A): tR=0.73 min; [M+H]+=495.20.
1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ: 8.47 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (dd, J1=2.8 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (dd, J1=11.5 Hz, J2=15.1 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.75 (m, 2H), 4.59 (dd, J1=6.5 Hz, J2=11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s, 6H).
Following examples are prepared starting from either Intermediate 17a, or 18a, and the corresponding alkynes according to the procedures described for Example 1.2.34. LC-MS data are listed in Table 8 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
Following examples are/can be prepared starting from either Intermediate 18a, 19a, or 20a, and the corresponding alkynes according to the procedures described for Example 1.2.34. LC-MS data are listed in Table 9 below. LC-MS conditions are LC-MS (A).
The inhibitory activity of compounds is determined in competitive binding assays. This spectrophotometric assay measures the binding of biotinylated human Gal-3 (hGal-3) or human Gal-1 (hGal-1), respectively, to a microplate-adsorbed glycoprotein, asialofetuin (ASF) (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013 Mar. 26; 110(13):5052-7.). Alternatively, and preferably, a human Gal-1 version in which all six cysteines are substituted by serines may be used.
Briefly, compounds are serially diluted in DMSO (working dilutions). ASF-coated 384well plates are supplemented with 22.8 μL/well of biotinylated hGal-3 or hGal-1 in assay buffer (i.e. 300-1000 ng/mL biotinylated hGal-3 or hGal-1) to which 1.2 μL of compound working dilutions are added and mixed.
Plates are incubated for 3 hours at 4° C., then washed with cold assay buffer (3×50 uL), incubated for 1 hour with 25 μL/well of a streptavidin-peroxidase solution (diluted in assay buffer to 80 ng/mL) at 4° C., followed by further washing steps with assay buffer (3×50 uL). Finally, 25 μL/well of ABTS substrate is added. OD (410 nm) is recorded after 30 to 45 min and IC50 values are calculated.
The calculated IC50 values may fluctuate depending on the daily assay performance. Fluctuations of this kind are known to those skilled in the art. IC50 values from several measurements are given as geomean values.
Compounds of the present invention may be further characterized with regard to their potency/selectivity in competitive binding assays, using for example Gal-1, Gal-2, Gal-4N, Gal-4C, Gal-8N, Gal-8C, Gal-9N, Gal-9C, Gal-10 as probes; with regard to their potency using impedance-based cellular assays measuring inhibition of Gal-3-induced cellular shape changes; with regard to their potency in inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation or inhibiting T cell apoptosis; with regard to their potency in thermal shift assays measuring the ability of compounds preventing thermal denaturation of purified Gal-3 or Gal-3 in cells including those in blood and organs; with regard to their potency in inhibiting intracellular Gal-3 recruitment to sites of organellar injury (Stegmayr et al., 2019; doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38497-8); or with regard to their thermodynamic and kinetics interaction profile with Gal-3 in using conventional assays well known in the art, for example using surface plasma resonance assays (Biacore) or isothermal calorimetry assays (ITO) measuring binding enthalpy, binding entropy, binding affinity, on-rates and off-rates of the Gal-3-compound interaction.
Compounds of the present invention may be further characterized with regard to their general pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties using conventional assays well known in the art; for example for their properties with regard to drug safety and/or toxicological properties using conventional assays well known in the art, for example relating to cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition and time dependent inhibition, pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation, glutathione binding, or their ability to bind to different proteins using for example plasma protein binding assay, or their ability to enter the blood cells using for example a blood to plasma distribution coefficient assay; for example for their in vitro metabolic stability using (human) liver microsomes assay or fresh (human) hepatocytes assay; or their permeation ability using for example a Caco-2 (human colon carcinoma cell line) or MDCK (Madin Darby canine kidney cell line) cell assay; or relating to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, using for example a human P-glycoprotein 1 (MDR 1) substrate assay, or relating to their bioavailability in different species (such as rat or dog);
Compounds of the present invention may be further characterized with regard to their cardiovascular safety behavior, using for example a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes assay or their effect on the Kv11.1 channel, a potassium ion channel encoded by the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG channel), using for example the patch-clamp measurement of effect on the hERG K+ currents in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell assay.
Compounds of the present invention may be further characterized with regard to their effect on cell viability using the commercial CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay to quantify cellular ATP as marker of metabolically active cells. Compounds may be further assessed for their cytotoxic effect using fluorescent marker dyes to label and quantify live cells from dead cells.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2021/055348 | Mar 2021 | WO | international |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/055224 | 3/2/2022 | WO |
