1. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a truss system, comprising: at least a first chord; at least a second chord wherein the chords are arranged substantially parallel, diverging, converging, or sloped with respect to each other; a truss brace comprises a first end and second end; and at least a plate comprises a plurality of plate edges, disposed between the truss braces, either in succession or alternating, communicating with the truss braces outer or inner wall surface.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Building roof structure is built by different type material like wooden roof, concrete roof and steel roof. Nowadays, steel roof is very common to use for residential building and industrial building. Steel material has advantages compare to wood and concrete because of higher mechanical strength compare to wood. Steel can recycle as raw material to steel billet to produce new product. Steel roof can fabricate into different shape and size depends on application and aesthetic requirement. The steel roof fabrication and installation time is shorter compare to concrete roof. Steel roof structure generally has 2 types: rigid frame or truss. Roof rigid frame is fabricated using hot rolled section (eg. I-beam) or metal plate to cut and welded into desired size and shape. Roof truss can be fabricated using hot rolled section or cold rolled section like steel pipe, angle bar, c-channel, batten and etc.
This present invention is a new type of steel roof truss which has a) higher stiffness compare to traditional bolt joining truss, b) can customize to different shape and length, c) ease to installation, and d) flexible to transport/shipping.
The racking upright and bracing usually is used in storage purpose. This technology introduces the V, W, M, N and other variant shapes bracing together with reinforcement plate for roof truss and lattice truss purpose.
The top section is cold rolled section with profiled. The top section side is punched with hole for bolting the section to the W (or M) or N-shaped bracing. The bottom section side hole can be configured in single row or multiple rows. The bracing joint has multiple holes like 3 holes, 4 holes, etc. This is to strengthen the bracing joint area. The section top area is punched with hole at the area for the purlin or channel support or along the whole length.
The W (or M)-shaped bracing and N-shaped bracing are fabricated using cold rolled section either lip channel or hollow section. The lip channel arrangement in single or double to join together. Hollow section is usually square shaped or rectangular shaped. The lip channel arrangement in single or multiple to join together. The lip channel and hollow section is cut and arrange into desired W-shaped or N-shaped depends on the truss design. The bracing and bracing intersection is joined by reinforcement plate to form the a) W(or M)-shaped, b) N-shaped, c) multiple W(or M)-shaped, and d) W(or M) and N-shaped combination. The reinforcement plate is welded or coupled by connecting means at the joint space between the bracings. Or the reinforcement plate extends to cover until both of the bracing holes at the joint.
The truss shape flat truss (Warren type, Howe type), slopping truss (Warren type, Howe type), and Howe truss. The spacing between the reinforcement plates can install a bush/tube to avoid deformation at the profiled section. The W-shaped bracing and N-shaped bracing is tightening by connecting means such as bolt and nut, bolt and locknut, rivet, or a combination thereof.
The purlin support bracket is either bolted or welded to top section. Mainly the truss can arrange in horizontally or inclined with respect to the ground plane is known as roof truss or girder truss. Also the truss can arrange vertically with respect to the ground plane is known as lattice truss. The lattice truss function is like building column to support the roof structure and wall cladding installation.
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is the primary aim of the present invention to provide truss system truss braces or bracings supported by reinforcement plates.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide reinforcement plates whereby plate edges are communicating with the truss braces or bracings outer or inner wall surface.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide reinforcement plate with multiple plates to be coupled by a plurality of tubes thus improving the plate's structural integrity.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide stiffer and better seismic resistance truss system as compared to conventional vertical column truss system.
Additional objects of the invention will become apparent with an understanding of the following detailed description of the invention or upon employment of the invention in actual practice.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention the following is provided:
A truss system, comprising:
at least a first chord;
at least a second chord wherein the chords are arranged substantially parallel, diverging, converging, or sloped with respect to each other; and
a truss brace comprises a first end and second end;
characterized in that
at least a plate comprises a plurality of plate edges, disposed between the truss braces, either in succession or alternating, communicating with the truss braces outer or inner wall surface; and
at least one truss brace group comprising comprises a first end and a second end, the truss brace group comprises at least one truss brace and the plate, arranged in a succession of obliquely, or in a succession of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, or in alternating of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, with respect to the chords, and coupled therebetween.
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other aspect of the present invention and their advantages will be discerned after studying the Detailed Description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows front views of several exemplary types of truss commonly used in building construction such as roof part.
FIG. 2-A shows two types of truss brace or bracing with single row and double row of bolt holes enabling coupling with an upper truss section (top chord) and lower truss section (bottom chord).
FIG. 2-B shows a cross sectional view of plane C of FIG. 1 of a plurality of chord (truss section) with profiled design comprises a single row and double row of bolt holes.
FIG. 3 shows a side directional (S) view of FIG. 2-B of the truss section and base directional (B) view of FIG. 2-B of the truss section; showing an exemplary arrangement of the bolt holes.
FIG. 4 shows a cross sectional view of plane BR of FIG. 1 of the truss brace or bracing comprise of hollow section with continuous/closed wall surface or discontinued/opened wall surface, starting with rectilinear type (i) lip section, (ii) hollow section, (iii) double hollow section, (iv) double lip section, (v) double C section, and (vi) double L section. Curvilinear type (vii) round section, (viii) oval section, and (ix) double oval section.
FIG. 5 shows a front view of V-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted).
FIG. 6 shows a front view of M-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted).
FIG. 7 shows a front view of N-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted).
FIG. 8 shows a front view of double M-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted).
FIG. 9 shows a front view of M-N shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted).
FIG. 10 shows front views of M-shaped and N-shaped bracings, respectively; arranged in succession, wherein all braces are arranged obliquely with respect to the top and bottom chords.
FIG. 11 shows front views of M-shaped and N-shaped bracings, respectively; arranged in succession, wherein all braces are arranged obliquely with respect to the chords (solid lines).
FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system.
FIG. 13 shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with single-plate reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with double-plate reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 15 shows a partial perspective view of an exemplary truss system with double-plate reinforcement plate disposed between each brace.
FIG. 16 shows a partial front view of an exemplary truss system with double-plate reinforcement plate disposed between each brace, wherein the plate edge communicating with respective truss braces outer or inner wall surface.
FIG. 17 shows a partial front view of an exemplary truss system with double-plate reinforcement plate disposed between each brace, wherein the plate edge communicating with respective truss braces outer or inner wall surface; comprise an edge angle (a) between 0 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the chord (omitted) horizontal plane.
FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double-plate reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double-plate reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of lattice truss system with vertical arrangement.
FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the lattice truss system with vertical arrangement (a chord is omitted).
FIG. 22 shows a detailed view of solid line circle of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23-A shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of single bracing reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 23-B shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double bracing reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted).
FIG. 23-C shows a partial cross sectional at plane A-A of the double bracing reinforcement plates of FIG. 23-B.
FIG. 24-A shows a perspective view of another exemplary truss system with another embodiment wherein the reinforcement plates are integrated with the truss bracings forming truss brace group with N-shaped, V-shaped, and W-shaped, respectively (chords are omitted).
FIG. 24-B shows a detailed view of solid line circle of FIG. 24-A.
FIG. 25 shows a cross sectional of a plurality of embodiments of the reinforcement plates particularly with closed/continuous plate surface which are configured and derived from (i) a double plated reinforcement plate to form the following: (ii) a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top and bottom plate, (iii) two pieces of C-shaped profile, (iv) two pieces of L-shaped profile, (v) an U-shaped profile combines with a top plate, or (vi) a pipe.
FIG. 26 shows a cross sectional of a plurality of embodiments of the reinforcement plates particularly with opened/discontinuous plate surface which are configured and derived from (i) a double plated reinforcement plate, to form the following: (ii) a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top plate, (iii) two pieces of L-shaped profile, (iv) a single plated reinforcement plate combines with a piece of L-shaped profile, or (v) an U-shaped profile.
5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by the person having ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practised without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of the embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown front views of several exemplary types of truss commonly used in building construction particularly in roof part such as flat truss (Warren and Howe), slopping truss (Warren and Howe type), and Howe truss.
Referring to FIG. 2-A, there is shown two types of truss brace or bracing with single row and double row of bolt holes enabling coupling with (i) an upper truss section (top chord) and (ii) lower truss section (bottom chord). The terms chord and truss are used interchangeably. Top chord/bottom chord made from open profile section. Bracing made from open profile section/hollow profile section/combine open profile section (whereby two open sections are joined together).
Then referring to FIG. 2-B, there is shown a cross sectional view of plane C of FIG. 1 of a plurality of chord or truss section (10) with profiled design comprises a (i) single row and (ii) double row of bolt holes. Chord (10) usually has one side opened to allow bracings to be coupled thereon. Take for example, in (i) single row chord, the chord comprises a base (10B) and double sides (10S). “B” denotes a directional view to the base of the chord, while “S” denotes a directional view to the side of the chord.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a side directional view (S) of FIG. 2-B of the truss side section (10S) and base directional view (B) of FIG. 2-B of the truss base section (10B); showing an exemplary arrangement of (i) single row and (ii) double row of side bolt holes or chord aperture (11) for the truss side section (10S) and base bolt holes (13) for the truss base section (10B). The side bolt hole or chord aperture (11) allows truss bracings to be coupled by connecting means such as, but not limited to bolts, nuts, rivet; and the base bolt holes (13) allows purlin brackets to be mounted thereon.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a cross sectional view of plane BR of FIG. 1 of the truss brace (15)(or bracing, both terms are used interchangeably) comprises hollow/profiled section defined by a wall surface (WS) comprising outer and inner wall surface either continuous or discontinued wall surface, starting with (i) lip section, (ii) hollow section, (iii) double hollow section, (iv) double lip section, (v) double C section, and (vi) double L section. The truss brace or bracing may comprise a plurality of bolt holes to allow connecting means therethrough, to couple with another truss brace and together with the chord.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a front view of V-shaped bracings (15) arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the top and bottom chords are omitted for clarity. Here two individual truss braces (15) form a V-shaped truss brace group (5).
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a front view of M-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted). Here four individual truss braces (15) form a M-shaped truss brace group (5).
FIG. 7 shown a front view of N-shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted). Here three individual truss braces (15) form a N-shaped truss brace group (5).
FIG. 8 shown a front view of double M-shaped bracings of arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted). FIG. 9 shown a front view of M-N shaped bracings arranged in succession, wherein one is arranged obliquely and one is arranged perpendicularly with respect to the chords (omitted). FIG. 10 shown front views of M-shaped (i) and N-shaped (ii) bracings, respectively; of arranged in succession, wherein all braces are arranged obliquely with respect to the top and bottom chords demarcated by dotted lines. The M-shaped and N-shaped bracing groups (5) can be coupled together with a reinforcement plate (not shown). Alternatively, the M-shaped and N-shaped truss brace group (5) can be configured, installed, or separated with a gap (G) therebetween. Referring to FIG. 11 now, there is shown front views of M-shaped and N-shaped bracings, respectively; of arranged in succession, wherein all braces are arranged obliquely with respect to the chords (dotted lines). As shown, as the chords are diverging, longer bracings are required close to the truss peak as the distance (D) between two chords increases. Likewise, as the chords are converging, shorter bracings are required close to the truss edge as the distance (d) between two chords decreases.
Hence, a truss installer can prepare top chord and bottom chord with a predetermined distance (d or D) therebetween, a plurality of truss brace groups (5) are coupled with reinforcement plates (shown in FIGS. 5 through 10), then inserted between the chords profile. Thus, fast installation of this truss system (1) can be realized as compared to the conventional method of installing single unit of bracing at a time.
Referring to FIG. 12, there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system (1). This truss system is installed horizontally with respect to the ground. A truss system (1), comprising: at least a first chord (10) and at least a second chord (10) wherein the chords are arranged substantially parallel, diverging, converging, or sloped with respect to each other. A truss brace (15) comprises a first end and second end. At least one truss brace group (5) comprising: form by joining at least one truss brace (15) and the plate (20), arranged in a succession of obliquely, or in a succession of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, or in alternating of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, with respect to the chords (10), and coupled therebetween. It is understood that at least a truss brace group (5) can be arranged between the top and bottom chords (10). Further, it is understood that equal length or different length of each truss brace (15) can be configured or adapted, thereby forming a V, N, W, M-shaped of truss brace group (5) arranged between the top and bottom chords (10).
With both chords (10) arranged and aligned, a plurality of truss braces (15) can be inserted or coupled therebetween, either obliquely or perpendicularly with respect to the chords. Here shown is a flat truss or a Howe truss. The base section of the chord can be fitted with brackets (31) to mount purlins (30). The weight (Wg) of the purlins (30) exerted upon the top chord causing it to compress (Cf), and bottom chord and bracings (15) to tension (Tf).
Referring now to FIG. 13, there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with single-plate reinforcement plate (20) disposed between each bracing (15)(chords are omitted). In FIG. 14, there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of the reinforcement plate: a double-plate reinforcement plate disposed between each bracing (15)(chords are omitted).
In FIG. 15, there is shown a partial perspective view of an exemplary truss system with double-plate reinforcement plates (20) disposed between each brace or bracing (15). FIG. 16 shows a partial front view of an exemplary truss system with the double-plate reinforcement plate (20) disposed between two braces (15), wherein the plate edges are communicating with respective truss braces (15) outer or inner wall surface. FIG. 17 shows a partial front view of an exemplary truss system with the double-plate reinforcement plate disposed between the two braces (15), wherein the plate edges are communicating with respective truss braces (15) outer or inner wall surface; comprise an edge angle (a) between 0 to 90 degrees with respect to the chord (omitted) horizontal plane.
In FIG. 18, there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double-plate reinforcement plates (20) disposed between each brace (chords are omitted). In FIG. 19 there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double-plate reinforcement plates disposed between each brace (chords are omitted). Both FIGS. 18 and 19 shown that the plate (20) may comprise a plurality of apertures (22) which can be aligned with chord apertures (11), the truss brace apertures (151, FIG. 17), or apertures (22) of another plate, or a combination thereof.
In FIG. 20 shows a perspective view of another truss system (1) also known as lattice truss with vertical arrangement. The truss system if removed the purlin bracket (31, FIG. 12). It can install horizontally become floor truss, intermediate truss for roof structure (eg: eave truss). The truss system can be erected vertically (lattice), horizontally or inclined (roof truss) with respect to ground plane. In FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of the lattice truss system with vertical arrangement with a chord omitted. Such truss system arrangement can be apply to building pillar and pallet racking. In FIG. 22 shows a detailed view of solid line circle of FIG. 21. At least a plate (20) comprises a plurality of plate edges (20E), disposed between the truss braces, either in succession or alternating, communicating with the truss braces outer or inner wall surface (WS). The plates edges (20E) communicating with respective truss braces outer or inner wall surface; comprise an edge angle (α) between 0 degrees to 90 degrees with respect to the chord (10). Here shown the reinforcement plate (20) comprising plates of identical shape and size and are stacked, spaced apart, and coupled by at least a tube (21). The tube (21) can direct insert or weld to the reinforcement plate; enables fastening means (12, FIG. 15), such as but not limiting to, rivet, bolt and nut, pin, locknut therethrough, to strengthen the top/bottom chord bolting area from bolt tightening force so that to secure the plate to the chord. It is understood that the plates, chords, and truss braces or a combination thereof, are coupled by the fastening means or welding.
Referring now to FIG. 23-A, there is shown a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of single bracing reinforcement plates (20) disposed between each brace (15) (chords are omitted). Then in FIG. 23-B shows a perspective view of an exemplary truss system with another embodiment of double bracing reinforcement plates (20) disposed between each brace (15) (chords are omitted).
Referring now to FIG. 23-C, there is shown a partial cross sectional at plane A-A of the double bracing reinforcement plates of FIG. 23-B (demarcated by circle). The plate (20) comprising plate surface (PS) which can be configured to form at least one closed (continuous) or opened (discontinuous) plate surface, defining a rectilinear or curvilinear structure/member. The plate (20) comprising a plurality of apertures (22) which can be configured and aligned with chord apertures (11), truss brace apertures (151), apertures (22) of another plate, or a combination thereof.
Referring now to FIG. 24-A shows a perspective view of another exemplary truss system with another embodiment wherein the reinforcement plates are integrated into the truss bracings forming a truss brace group with (i) N-shaped, (ii) V-shaped, and (iii) W(M)-shaped, respectively, or other variant shape. The upper and lower chords are omitted for clarity purpose. Here shown a C-profile truss brace group (5) comprising a first end (25) and a second end (26). In (i), the N-shaped truss brace group (5) first end (25) has a reinforcement plate (20) integrally formed, but the second end (26) does not have a reinforcement plate (20). In (ii) and (iii), both V-shaped and W(M)-shaped truss brace group (5) with both first end and second end comprising a reinforcement plate (20) integrally formed.
Unlike the prior embodiments, the truss bracing group (5) comprising the truss braces (15) and reinforcement plate (20) are integrated and integrally formed. Integrated and integrally formed mean the truss braces and reinforcement plates are originated from same profile, without joints or joining by binder matter/material such has welding, or any form of connecting means. This embodiment may employ any profile, such as but not limited to, C-, pipe, rectilinear, curvilinear profile and etc. (shown in FIGS. 4, 25, and 26) whereby the truss brace group (5) can be configured into V-shaped, N-shaped, or W(M)-shaped.
Here shown in FIG. 24-A (i), (ii), and (iii) that the truss brace group (5) first end (25) or second end (26), or first end (25) and second end (26) comprising an integrally formed reinforcement plate (20). FIG. 24-B shows a detailed view demarcated in solid line circle of FIG. 24-A. The truss brace group (5) further comprising a plurality of apertures (22) which can be configured and aligned with chord apertures (11) enabling connecting means therethrough.
Referring now to FIG. 25 shows a cross sectional of a plurality of embodiments of the reinforcement plates particularly with closed/continuous plate surface (PS) which are configured and derived from (i) a double plated reinforcement plate (20) to form the following: (ii) a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top and bottom plate (202), (iii) two pieces of C-shaped profile (203), (iv) two pieces of L-shaped profile (204), (v) an U-shaped profile (205) combines with a top plate (202), or (vi) a pipe (206) in entirety. The plate (20) is demarcated in hatched area, while the plate surface (PS) configuration is shown in alternate shaded and hatched area. The plate (20) comprising a plurality of apertures (22) which can be configured and aligned with chord apertures (11), truss brace apertures (151), apertures (22) of another plate, or a combination thereof.
Although the double plated reinforcement plate is described herein, it is understood that the single plated reinforcement plate can be used.
Referring now to FIG. 26 shows a cross sectional of a plurality of embodiments of the reinforcement plates particularly with opened/discontinuous plate surface (PS) which are configured and derived from (i) a double plated reinforcement plate (20), to form the following: (ii) a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top plate (202), (iii) two pieces of L-shaped profile (204), (iv) a single plated reinforcement plate combines with a piece of L-shaped profile (204), or (v) an U-shaped profile (205). The plate (20) is demarcated in hatched area, while the plate surface (PS) configuration is shown in alternate shaded and hatched area. The plate (20) comprising a plurality of apertures (22) which can be configured and aligned with chord apertures (11), truss brace apertures (151), apertures (22) of another plate, or a combination thereof.
Again although the double plated reinforcement plate is described herein, it is understood that the single plated reinforcement plate can be used.
Notwithstanding description herein, the reinforcement plate (20) can be configured to have same or different material as the truss brace (15).
The reinforcement plate (20) can be configured to have same or different at any cross sectional profile as the truss brace (15) cross sectional profile. For example, closed type or double truss brace (15) can be coupled with a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top and bottom plate (202) shown in FIG. 25 (ii). Another example opened type or single truss brace (15) can be coupled with can be coupled with a double plated reinforcement plate combines with additional top and bottom plate (202) shown in FIG. 25 (ii). Preferably, the reinforcement plate edges (20E), disposed between the truss braces (15), either in succession or alternating, communicating with the truss braces outer or inner wall surface (WS).
The reinforcement plate (20) may exist in several embodiments as described herein, the plate either in single plated, double plated (with or without tubes), opened or closed plate surface can be produced in length wise according to manufacturing capability, then the length of the plate is cut to shape and placed between the truss braces (15), wherein the plate edge angle (α) between 0 to 90 degrees with respect to the chord (10) horizontal plane as well as to match the inclination angle of the truss braces (15) therebetween.
Then at least one truss brace group (5) can be formed, comprising at least one truss brace (15) and the plate (20), arranged in a succession of obliquely, or in a succession of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, or in alternating of substantially perpendicular and obliquely, with respect to the chords (10), and coupled therebetween, thereby forming a V, N, W, M-shaped of truss brace group (5). The joining of the truss brace group (5), truss brace (15) and reinforcement plates (20) by coupling means, such as but not limited to weld, bolt, nut, rivet, locknut, hook, pin, or the combination thereof.
While the present invention has been shown and described herein in what are considered to be the preferred embodiments thereof, illustrating the results and advantages over the prior art obtained through the present invention, the invention is not limited to those specific embodiments. Thus, the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as illustrative only and other embodiments may be selected without departing from the scope of the present invention, as set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Patent Application
20190338520
