Patent Application
20210238937
The present disclosure relates generally to wellhead systems and, more particularly, to an orientation adaptor, which includes optical sensors that ensure proper alignment of the compatible connections of a tubing hanger and a subsea assembly such as a tree.
Conventional wellhead systems include a wellhead housing mounted on the upper end of a subsurface casing string extending into the well bore. The wellhead housing typically includes subsea assemblies such as casing and tubing spools. Sometimes subsea well sites will implement a horizontal Christmas tree, which sits on the wellhead housing throughout drilling and completion. During drilling and completion, a drilling riser and blowout preventer (“BOP”) stack are installed above the wellhead housing or horizontal Christmas tree. The BOP stack provides pressure control as casing and tubing strings are installed downhole. During production tubing installation, the tubing hanger connects to the upper end of the tubing string and is typically landed either in the wellhead housing or the horizontal tree. For tubing hangers landed in the wellhead housing, a vertical Christmas tree is connected to the tubing hanger.
Tubing hangers contain numerous conduits and couplings, which require precise alignment with complementary conduits and couplings of a subsea assemblies such as Christmas trees and completions. Tubing hanger alignment devices typically use an orientation sleeve inside of a wellhead component. Orientation sleeves usually passively rotate tubing hangers to the desired alignment before landing. These passive orientation mechanisms provide minimal feedback to operators about the location, speed of installation, orientation of subsea assemblies, or their orientation with respect to other subsea assemblies.
For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail herein. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation specific decisions must be made to achieve developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in no way should the following examples be read to limit, or define, the scope of the disclosure.
Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure may be directed to an orientation spool adaptor used to align compatible connections between a tubing hanger and other subsea assemblies. In wellhead systems, tubing hangers and other subsea assemblies must be properly aligned as each assembly is connected to the wellhead system during drilling and completion operations. This is because tubing hangers house various hydraulic, electric, and/or fiber optic connections which interface with complimentary connections of various subsea assemblies that are connected to the tubing hanger as the wellhead is prepared for production.
Existing methods rely on passive mechanical features to orient the connections between a tubing hanger and a subsea assembly. The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for aligning connections contained in subsea assemblies in wellhead systems using positional sensors integrated in an orientation spool adaptor. The position sensors of the orientation adaptor guide orientation of tubing hangers and other subsea assemblies to a desired position during simple vertical deployment. The sensors also provide real-time feedback on location, speed of installation, and orientation of the tubing hanger back to the surface. The sensors may also be implemented to self-orient the spool adaptor during installation.
Turning now to the drawings,
As shown in
The tubing hanger 109 is attached to the distal portion of the THRT 110 above a landing shoulder 122 inside the bore of the wellhead 102. The tubing hanger 109 may suspend a tubing string 124 into and through the wellhead 102. In another embodiment the landing shoulder 122 may be inside the bore of a horizontal tree (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the tubing hanger 109 includes one or more communication lines 126 (e.g., hydraulic fluid lines, electrical lines, and/or fiber optic cables) disposed throughout that will communicatively couple to a tree (not shown). In another embodiment, the communication lines may couple to another type of subsea assembly such as a completion. The THRT 110 seats the tubing hanger 109 onto the shoulder 122 once the connection lines 126 in the tubing hanger are oriented to a defined position.
A spring-loaded orientation key 112 is attached to the sidewall of the THRT 110. The key 112 is biased in a radially outward direction.
Several optical sensors 104A-104C are mounted through the orientation spool adaptor 106 and the orientation helix 108. The head of each optical sensor 104 is flush with the inner diameter of the orientation helix 108, where it may collect positional information about various subsea assemblies that enter the detection range of the sensors as they pass through the inner bore of the orientation spool adaptor 106. For example, at various points in the orientation process, the sensors may track the orientation of the tubing hanger 109, the tubing hanger running tool 110, the orientation key 112, a Christmas tree (not shown), and any other subsea assembly that possesses reference points detectable by the optical sensors. A person of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that other types of sensors (such as sonic or magnetic sensors) may be used to collect positional information about subsea assemblies as they pass through the inner bore of the orientation spool adaptor 106.
The active part of the sensors 104 face the inner bore of the orientation spool adaptor 106. The sensors 104 have connection terminals that protrude from the outer diameter of the orientation spool adaptor 106. The connection terminals may be connected to cables that run to the surface, an ROV, or other device that allows the data collected from the sensors to be communicated to wellsite operators. the controller at the surface.
A person skilled in the art can appreciate that other types of alignment mechanisms other than an orientation helix 108 and key 112 may be implemented in conjunction with the positional sensors 104. The positional sensors 104 may track detectable reference points on any subsea assembly placed inside of the orientation spool adaptor 106 regardless of the alignment mechanism implemented. For example, the sensors 104 can be integrated to track the orientation of subsea assemblies engaged with a coiled tubing alignment mechanism, a torsional spring alignment mechanism, a plug-based alignment mechanism or another type of passive alignment mechanism. Additionally, the sensors 104 can be integrated with an active alignment mechanism.
The controller 202 may be connected to or interface with a graphical user interface 208 located at the surface where operators can read signals received by the controller 202 during orientation. Operators can also use the interface 208 to program the controller 202 to send command signals to components involved in orientation. For example, operators can calibrate the sensors 104 and operate the THRT 110.
The controller 202 is also communicably connected to the THRT 212. It may direct the THRT 212 to the appropriate vertical position inside of the orientation spool adaptor 106 during orientation. It may direct the THRT 212 to the appropriate vertical position inside of the wellhead as the THRT 212 lands the tubing hanger 109 in the wellhead 102. The controller 202 may use rotational data received from the sensors 210 in conjunction with the longitudinal data from the THRT 212 to perform various calculations such as the displacement measurements and installation times.
The connections housed in the tubing hanger 204 may also be communicably connected to the controller 202. During orientation, the tubing hanger 109 may be connected to the controller via connections in the tubing hanger running tool 204. In another embodiment where the tubing hanger is landed in the bore of a horizontal Christmas tree (not shown), the connections in the tubing hanger 204 may be connected to the controller 202 via connections in the horizontal Christmas tree. Communication with the connections housed in the tubing hanger 204 as the tubing hanger is seated in the horizontal tree indicates that the tubing hanger has been properly oriented.
The controller 202 may be communicably connected to a Christmas tree 206. Regardless of whether a horizontal tree (not shown) or vertical tree 206 is installed on the wellhead 102, the controller 202 may process signals to and from the Christmas tree 206 during installation or as subsea assemblies are connected to it. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the controller 202 may coordinate the connection of a vertical tree 206 to the connections of a tubing hanger 204 installed inside of a wellhead 102. Alternatively, the controller 202 may coordinate the connection of a tubing hanger 204 to the connections of a horizontal tree (not shown) as the tubing hanger is installed inside the bore of the horizontal tree. A person skilled in the art can appreciate that the controller 202 may also communicate with other subsea assemblies such as an orientation helix 108 or a BOP 116.
A general description of a method for operating the orientation spool adaptor of
Once the orientation key 112 engages the orientation helix 108, further vertical movement of the landing string 109-112 also drives rotational movement of the landing string. The orientation key 112 drives the THRT 110 and attached tubing hanger 109 to rotate relative to the stationary helix 108 as the orientation key 112 travels around the helical profile 120 until the tubing hanger 109 reaches a position defined by the sensors 104. The sensors 106 may track reference points on THRT 110 and/or key 112 to determine their change in position as the orientation helix 108 passively rotates the tubing hanger 109 to the landing orientation.
The THRT 110 lands the tubing hanger 109 in the defined position in the wellhead 102 while the sensors 104 continue to monitor position. Once the tubing hanger 109 is secured, the THRT 110 detached from the tubing hanger 109 and is pulled from the wellbore. The sensors 104 can then guide proper orientation of the connections of a vertical tree (not shown) with the corresponding connections of the tubing hanger 126 based on the positional information collected during orientation of the tubing hanger.
In another embodiment, a horizontal Christmas tree is installed between the wellhead 102 and the orientation spool adaptor 106 and the tubing hanger 109 is landed in the tree. In this embodiment, the orientation helix 108 and the orientation key 112 work much the same way and rotate the tubing hanger 109 to a position defined by the sensors 104. This position aligns the connections of the tubing hanger 126 with the complimentary connections in the horizontal Christmas tree (not shown). This position also guides the completion to be oriented to the defined position, allowing for the connections in the tubing hanger 126, horizontal tree (not shown), and completion (not shown) to be correctly made up.
Although the present disclosure and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the following claims.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2019/028483 | 4/22/2019 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62663459 | Apr 2018 | US |
