The present disclosure relates generally to the field of medical devices. More particularly, some embodiments relate to spinal tumor ablation devices and related systems and methods. In some embodiments, the tumor ablation devices may be used to treat tumors or lesions in a patient's vertebra.
The written disclosure herein describes illustrative embodiments that are non-limiting and non-exhaustive. Reference is made to certain of such illustrative embodiments that are depicted in the figures, in which:
Tumor ablation devices can be used to treat a tumor in a vertebra or other bones, such as the long bones of a patient. For example, in some embodiments, a distal end of a tumor ablation device may be inserted into a vertebra of a patient. Once the distal end of the tumor ablation device is inserted into the vertebra of the patient, an articulating distal portion of the tumor ablation device may be manipulated to position the tumor ablation device at a desired location within a tumor of the patient. The tumor ablation device may then be activated. Activation of the tumor ablation device may cause an electrical current (e.g., a radiofrequency current) to be applied to ablate tissue, such as the tumor. For instance, radiofrequency current may pass between a first electrode and a second electrode of the tumor ablation device. As the electrical current passes between the first electrode and the second electrode, the current may pass through tissue of the patient, thereby heating (and potentially killing) the adjacent tissue (e.g., tumor cells). The tumor ablation device may comprise one or more temperature sensors which may be used to measure the temperature of the heated tissue adjacent to the tumor ablation device. Based on the information obtained from the one or more temperature sensors, the duration, position, and/or magnitude of the delivered thermal energy may be tailored to ablate tumor tissue within a desired region of the tumor while avoiding the delivery of damaging amounts of thermal energy to healthy tissue. In some embodiments, once the tumor has been treated with thermal energy (e.g., converted radiofrequency energy), a cement may be delivered through with a different device to stabilize the vertebra of the patient.
The components of the embodiments as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of various embodiments, as represented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, but is merely representative of various embodiments. While various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The phrase “coupled to” is broad enough to refer to any suitable coupling or other form of interaction between two or more entities. Two components may be coupled to each other even though they are not in direct contact with each other. For example, two components may be coupled to one another through an intermediate component. The phrases “attached to” or “attached directly to” refer to interaction between two or more entities that are in direct contact with each other and/or are separated from each other only by a fastener of any suitable variety (e.g., an adhesive).
The terms “proximal” and “distal” are opposite directional terms. For example, the distal end of a device or component is the end of the component that is furthest from the practitioner during ordinary use. The proximal end refers to the opposite end, or the end nearest the practitioner during ordinary use.
The base unit 200 may comprise a housing 210 that may house one or more power supplies (e.g., a radiofrequency (“RF”) generator) that provides RF energy to a RF energy delivery probe 410 of the medical device 400. The base unit 200 may further comprise ports 220, 230, 240 that couple the medical devices 400 and the remote 300 to the base unit 200. The base unit 200 of
In some embodiments, the remote 300 may include a cable 310 and plug 312 that are configured to couple the remote 300 to the base unit 200 via port 230. This coupling may be configured to enable communication between the remote 300 and the base unit 200. In some embodiments, the port 230 may be a wireless port that wirelessly connects with the remote 300. The remote 300 may include a plurality of toggle buttons. The illustrated remote 300 of
The base unit 200 may further include a display 250 to display a user interface. The user interface may enable configuration of parameters, setting of preferences, and the like by a physician or other medical professional for the tumor ablation procedure. The user interface may further display a current state of the tumor ablation procedure.
The tumor ablation system 100 may further include one or more medical devices 400 for performing a tissue ablation.
In the illustrated embodiment, the medical device 400 includes, among other elements, an RF energy delivery probe 410 that includes a first or outer tubular conductor 420, a first or outer tubular insulator 430, a second or inner tubular insulator 440 (not shown in
The medical device 400 may further include a housing 460 and a cable 472 and plug 474 that is configured to couple the medical device 400 to the base unit 200 to enable communication between the medical device 400 and the base unit 200 and to provide electrical energy to the RF energy delivery probe 410. The base unit 200 may include an extension cable 222 and plug 224 that couples to port 220 or 240 and may extend the range of the RF energy delivery probe 410. In some embodiments, the cable and plug 474 may couple directly to port 220 or 240 without the use of the extension cable 222. As discussed above, each port 220 and 240 correspond with an independent power supply and medical device 400 may be coupled to either port 220 or 240 to access a power supply.
In the illustrated embodiment of
As detailed below, one or more portions of the medical device 400 or related components may have an indicator light or other feature that identifies the port (220 or 240) to which the medical device 400 is coupled. For example, the plug 474 may include a light 476 (e.g. LED) that lights up when the plug is coupled to either of the ports 220 and 240. For example, if the medical device 400 is coupled to port 220 the light 476 may light up a first color (e.g. blue). If the medical device 400 is coupled to port 240 the light 476 may light up a second color (e.g. white). The light 476 may be a ring that extends around the circumference of the plug 474.
Another identifying feature may be a light 478 (e.g. LED) disposed along the length of the cable 472. The light 478 of the cable 472 may light a first color (e.g. blue) when the medical device 400 is coupled to port 220 and may light up a second color (e.g. white) when the medical device 400 is coupled to port 240.
Similar identifying features may be disposed on the extension cable 222 and plug 224. For example, the plug 224 may include a light 226 (e.g. LED) that may light up a first color (e.g. blue) when the extension cable 222 and plug 224 are coupled to the port 220 and/or a medical device and may light up a second color (e.g. white) when the extension cable 222 and plug 224 are coupled to the port 240 and/or a medical device. The light 226 may be a ring that extends around the circumference of the plug 224. The cable 222 may include a light 228 that is disposed along the length of the extension cable 222 and the light 228 may light up a first color (e.g. blue) when cable 222 and plug 224 are coupled to the port 220 and/or a medical device and a second color (e.g. white) when the cable 222 and plug 224 are coupled to the port 240 and/or a medical device.
Another identifying feature may be a light 462 (e.g. LED) disposed on the housing 460 of the medical device 400. The light 462 of the housing 460 may light a first color (e.g. blue) when the medical device 400 is coupled to port 220 and may light up a second color (e.g. white) when the medical device 400 is coupled to port 240.
Another identifying feature may be disposed on the remote 300. The remote 300 may include lights that distinguish between which toggle button 320 and 340 correspond with each port 220 and 240. For example, toggle button 320 may include a light 322 (e.g. LED) that lights up a first color (e.g. blue) when the remote is coupled to or wirelessly connected to port 230. Toggle button 340 may include a light 342 (e.g. LED) that lights up a first color (e.g. white) when the remote 300 is coupled to or wirelessly connected to port 230. Unlike the other identifying features, the toggle buttons 320 and 340 do not alternate between colors but are color specific to the corresponding port. Accordingly, the user may always know which toggle button 320 and 340 corresponds to which port 220 and 240.
Again, the plurality of identifying features may be independent of the other identifying features or they may be in a number of different combinations. For example, in one embodiment, one of the lights 476, 478, 226, 228, and 462 may be used as the only identifying feature. In another embodiment, light 476 of the plug 474 may work in conjunction with the light 462 of the housing 460. A plurality of different combinations may be used in an attempt to help a physician identify which medical device is coupled to which port 220 and 240.
The base unit 200 may further include a plurality of speakers 260. The speakers 260 enable the base unit 200 to provide audible indicators to the user. For example, when a medical device is turned on and is coupled to port 220 and ablating, the base unit 200 may give a first audible indicator. If a second medical device is turned on and is coupled to port 240 and ablating, the base unit 200 may give a second audible indicator. The audible indicators are different from each other and the user would be able to know by sound if one or two medical devices are currently ablating.
Though various elements of the embodiment of
The first tubular conductor 420 may be a metallic tube that extends from a proximal anchor (e.g., a metallic anchor) to an open distal end. The first tubular conductor 420 may act as the second pole (RF−). In some embodiments, a complimentary tubular conductor 421 may be disposed within the first tubular conductor 420. The complimentary tubular conductor may be metallic and may be physically and electrically connected to the first tubular conductor 420.
The first tubular insulator 430 may be at least partially disposed within the first tubular conductor 420. For example, the first tubular insulator 430 may extend through the first tubular conductor 420. More particularly, in some embodiments, the first tubular insulator 430 extends through the first tubular conductor 420 such that a proximal end of the first tubular insulator 430 is proximal of the first tubular conductor 420 and a distal end of the first tubular insulator 430 is proximal of the first tubular conductor 420. The first tubular insulator 430 and the second tubular insulator 440 may be made from any suitable insulating material, such as polymeric insulating materials. Examples of suitable polymeric insulating materials include polyimide, polycarbonate, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyether block amides (e.g., PEBAX®). The first tubular insulator 430 may extend past the open of the first conductor 420 and may act as the primary insulator, or bushing insulator 432, e.g., bushing, between the first pole or RF+ pole and the second pole, return pole, or RF− pole. That is, the first tubular insulator 430 may extend a sufficient distance to function as an insulator along the portion of the exemplary embodiment where the bushing insulator 432 is disposed. In this way the first tubular insulator 430 may take the place of the bushing insulator 432, such that there is no separate element defining the bushing insulator 432. Additionally, in some embodiments, the first tubular insulator 430 may extend along the device and comprise an enlarged section that defines the bushing insulator 432. Thus, the first tubular insulator 430 and bushing insulator 432 may be a single part and may or may not have the same cross-sectional geometry and/or size. In other embodiments, the bushing insulator 432 may be a separate component from the first tubular insulator 430. In such a case, materials such as ceramics (Zirconia) may be considered.
The second tubular insulator 440 may be disposed within the first tubular insulator 430. For example, the second tubular insulator 440 may extend through the first tubular insulator 430. More particularly, in some embodiments, the second tubular insulator 440 extends through the first tubular insulator 430 such that a proximal end of the second tubular insulator 440 is proximal of the first tubular insulator 430 and a distal end of the second tubular insulator 440 is in line with the distal end of the first tubular insulator 430. The second tubular insulator 440 may be made from any suitable insulating material, such as polymeric insulating materials. Examples of suitable polymeric insulating materials include polyimide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyether block amides (e.g., PEBAX®). In some embodiments, the second tubular insulator 440 may act as the primary insulator or bushing insulator 432, e.g., bushing, between the first pole or RF+ pole and the second pole, return pole, or RF− pole. That is, as with the first tubular insulator 430, the second tubular insulator 440 may extend and form the bushing insulator 432 or may be a separate component from the bushing insulator 432.
The second tubular conductor 450 may be a metallic tube that extends from a proximal end (e.g., a metallic anchor) to a distal end. In some embodiments, the second tubular conductor 450 is rigid (or is rigid along most of its length). The second tubular conductor 450 may be at least partially disposed within the second tubular insulator 440. For example, the second tubular conductor 450 may extend through the second tubular insulator 440 such that a distal portion 452 of the second tubular conductor 450 is disposed distal of the first tubular conductor 420, the first tubular insulator 430, and the second tubular insulator 440. In some embodiments, the distal portion 452 of the second tubular conductor 450 that is disposed distal of the first tubular insulator 430 is longitudinally offset from the first tubular conductor 420 by the longitudinal length of the bushing insulator 432. The bushing insulator 432 may have a length A2 of between 0.1 cm and 0.5 cm. Stated differently, the gap between the distal portion 452 the second tubular conductor 450 and the distal end of the first tubular conductor 420 may be between 0.3 cm and 1.0 cm when the distal portion 452 is in a non-deployed or non-extended configuration, as further detailed below.
The distal portion 452 of the second tubular conductor 450 may act as the first probe electrode (RF+). The second tubular conductor 450 may extend and retract relative to the first tubular conductor 420. In some embodiments, the second tubular conductor 450 may extend and retract axially up to 8 mm, as shown by arrow A1. In some embodiments, the RF energy delivery probe 410 may extend and retract up to 5 mm. In some embodiments, the RF energy delivery probe 410 may extend and retract up to 1 mm. The axial movement of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may be controlled by the physician or by another medical professional and may be displayed on the display 250. The axial movement of the second tubular conductor 450 relative to the first tubular conductor 420 creates a continuous range of distances between the first tubular conductor 420 and the second tubular conductor 450. As discussed later, the extension and retraction of the second tubular conductor 450 relative to the first tubular conductor 420 affects the size of the ablation zones created by the RF energy delivery probe 410.
The RF energy delivery probe 410 may further comprise a plurality of thermocouples. In some embodiments, a distal thermocouple 454 may be disposed within the distal portion 452 of the second tubular conductor 450. The distal thermocouple 454 may be disposed near, or directly at, the maximum distal tip of the RF energy delivery probe 410 (meaning the distal-most point on the distal end 401 of the RF energy delivery probe 410). The distal thermocouple 454 may measure the temperature at the distal end 401 of the RF energy delivery probe 410. The temperature measured by the distal thermocouple 454 may be used for physician's reference and/or by a generator algorithm.
The RF energy delivery probe 410 may further comprise a plurality of thermocouples that are disposed proximal to the distal thermocouple 454. The illustrated embodiment of
The temperatures measured by the proximal thermocouples 424, 425, 426, 427 and the temperature measured by the distal thermocouple 454 may be used for the physician's reference and/or may be employed by a generator algorithm. The algorithm may use the detected temperatures to create symmetric ablation zones that reach a predetermined temperature or thermal dose to ablate or kill the targeted tumor or lesions. Thermal dose is a function of temperature and exposure time.
In some embodiments, the first tubular conductor 420 is rigid (or is rigid along most of its length). In some embodiments, a distal portion of the first tubular conductor 420 includes a plurality of slots 422 proximal to the open distal end and the proximal thermocouples 424, 425, 426, and 427. The proximal thermocouples 424, 425, 426, and 427 and the distal thermocouple 454 are disposed on a rigid and straight section 414 of the RF energy delivery probe 410. The rigid and straight section 414 may be configured to enable the RF energy delivery probe 410 to create symmetric ablation regions. The slots 422 may be perpendicular or angled relative to the primary axis of the first tubular conductor 420. In other embodiments, the first tubular conductor 420 lacks a plurality of slots 422. Other geometries of the slots 422 not specifically described herein fall within the scope of the disclosure.
The slots 422 may enable the distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 to articulate. In some instances, articulation of the distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may facilitate placement of the distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 at a desired location for ablation. Stated differently, the RF energy delivery probe 410 may have an active steering capability that enables navigation to and within a tumor. In some instances, articulation of the distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may, additionally or alternatively, mechanically displace tissue (e.g., tumor cells) within the vertebra of the patient. For example, the RF energy delivery probe 410 may function as an articulating osteotome that enables site-specific cavity creation. Stated differently, the articulating distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may be robust enough to facilitate navigation through hard tissue of a patient. The practitioner may be able to articulate a distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 such that the distal portion 412 transitions from a linear configuration to a non-linear configuration. Articulation of the distal portion 412 may be similar to articulation of the medical device described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/822,864, filed Nov. 27, 2017, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In some embodiments, the articulation of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may be displayed on the display 250. Accordingly, the user may be able to see the extent of articulation during the procedure.
The size of the ablation zone 500a may be controlled by modulating the delivery of electrical energy, such as radiofrequency energy, to the RF energy delivery probe 410a. In the illustrated embodiment, correlation between a 5 mm offset proximal thermocouples, 424a, 425a, 426a, and 427a, and 1 cm increments of the ablation zone size (due to 5 mm growth of the ablation zone 500a on each side of the distal tip of the RF energy delivery probe 410a) is shown. Again, in other embodiments, different sizes of ablation zone, including different increments for controlling the ablation zone 500a size, and different placement of the proximal thermocouples 424a, 425a, 426a, and 427a may be used.
The medical device may be configured to create symmetric ablation zones even when the RF energy delivery probe 410a is articulated along a distal portion (such as distal portion 412 of
As discussed previously,
The second medical device, medical device 400″, may be similar to the first medical device, medical device 400, or may be different based on treatment needs of the patient. The remote 300 may allow the user to adjust the energy provided to each medical device 400 and 400″. In some embodiments, energy adjustment may be done automatically via an algorithm. For example, the remote 300 may have a button 320 for controlling the amount of energy to the medical device 400, 400″ plugged into port 220 and a button 340 for controlling the amount of energy to the medical device 400, 400″ plugged into port 240.
As discussed above, each medical device 400 and 400″ may include a plurality of identifying features to help identify which medical device 400 and 400″ is coupled to which port 220 and 240.
The second tail 455 houses the distal thermocouple 454 at a distal portion 482. The second tail 455 is also illustrated in
The daughter board 490 may further include a local cold junction compensation system. The temperature at the local cold junction is known, thereby making it possible to determine the temperatures at the thermocouples 424, 425, 426, 427, and 454. The local cold junction compensation system may comprise a thermistor or an integrated circuit.
The medical device 400 may further include an RF circuit 492 for delivery of the RF energy from the RF generator to the RF energy delivery probe 410.
The RF energy delivery probes discussed in the instant disclosure, such as RF energy delivery probe 410, may be used in various ablation procedures for treating tumors within a patient. The RF energy deliver probe 410 may be inserted within a patient to a tumor location. The tumor may be located in a variety of different areas within the patient. The RF energy delivery probe 410 may be guided to the tumor location via imaging, such as fluoroscopy, to ensure that the RF energy delivery probe 410 is delivered to the proper location. In some embodiments, the display 250 of the base unit 200 may display an overlay of the imaging and the position of the RF energy delivery probe 410.
The first conductor and the second conductor may be disposed within the tumor. RF energy may be delivered from the generator and produce a current between the first conductor and the second conductor. The first pole may be RF+ pole and the second pole may be a return pole, or RF− pole. As the electrical current passes between the first pole and the second pole, the current may pass through tissue of the patient (e.g., the ablation zone), thereby ablating by heating (and potentially killing) the adjacent tissue (e.g., tumor cells). The ablation zone created by the RF energy delivery probe 410 may be symmetric.
As discussed previously, the RF energy delivery probe 410 may comprise one or more thermocouples, 454, 424, 425, 426, and 427. Based on the temperature information obtained from the one or more thermocouples, 454, 424, 425, 426, and 427, the duration, position, and/or magnitude of the delivered thermal energy may be tailored to ablate tumor tissue within a desired region of the tumor while avoiding the delivery of damaging amounts of thermal energy to healthy tissue. The temperature information may be fed to the generator algorithm to determine the amount of power to provide to the first pole and the second pole
The RF energy delivery probe 410 may be inserted into a vertebral body of the patient. If a single RF energy delivery probe 410 is used to access the vertebral body, this is called unipedicular access. A second RF energy delivery probe 410′ may be used to access the vertebral body, this is called bipedicular access.
In some embodiments, the distal portion 412 of the RF energy delivery probe 410 may be articulated relative to the proximal portion of the RF energy delivery probe. In other words, the RF energy delivery probe 410 transitions from a linear configuration to a non-linear configuration.
Any methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or actions for performing the described method. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for proper operation of the embodiment, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified. Moreover, sub-routines or only a portion of a method described herein may be a separate method within the scope of this disclosure. Stated otherwise, some methods may include only a portion of the steps described in a more detailed method.
Reference throughout this specification to “an embodiment” or “the embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the quoted phrases, or variations thereof, as recited throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Similarly, it should be appreciated by one of skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure that in the above description of embodiments, various features are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim requires more features than those expressly recited in that claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in a combination of fewer than all features of any single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following this Detailed Description are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. This disclosure includes all permutations of the independent claims with their dependent claims.
Recitation in the claims of the term “first” with respect to a feature or element does not necessarily imply the existence of a second or additional such feature or element. It will be apparent to those having skill in the art that changes may be made to the details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the underlying principles of the present disclosure.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/757,596, filed on Nov. 8, 2018 and titled “Tumor Ablation Device and Related Systems and Methods,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/757,578, filed on Nov. 8, 2018 and titled “Ablation Systems with Parameter-Based Modulation and Related Devices and Methods,” both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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