Patent Grant
11413837
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The present disclosure relates, in general, to a device for the extraction of oil from a seed, and more particularly to expeller press technology.
The basics of extracting oil from seeds is quite simple. Compress the seeds at a high pressure until they give up their oil, then filter the seeds from the extracted oil. Generally the seeds are fed from a hopper via a rotating auger feed, into a fixed volume extraction chamber where the seeds are compressed under abrasive rotation between the contact surfaces of the extraction chamber. This type of compression leads to crushing, grinding and tearing of the seed, and the generation of high temperatures which are passed on to the seed oil.
There are drawbacks with the conventional way seed oils are processed. The crushing tearing and grinding of the seed leaves residual seed particles in the seed oil, which must then be filtered. The high pressure on the seed raises the temperature of the oil extracted such that oxidation and catalytic conversion of the oil occurs (both highly undesirable characteristics of seed oil).
Henceforth, an improved seed oil expeller press that can be precisely tuned to ensure the maximum amount of oil expelled from the seed under cold press conditions without crushing or physical grinding of the seed so that filtration is not necessary, would fulfill a long felt need in the seed oil extraction industry. This new invention utilizes and combines known and new technologies in a unique and novel configuration to overcome the aforementioned problems and accomplish this.
In accordance with various embodiments, a fully tunable apparatus for extracting the maximum amount of cold press seed oil (below 130 degrees F.) within specific pressure and temperature limits are provided.
In one aspect, a seed oil expeller press with the capability of extracting oil through a new design that does not crush or grind the seed so as to eliminate the need for filtration is provided.
In another aspect, a seed oil expeller press capable of preheating the seeds, adjusting the control pressure and extraction oil temperature by manipulation of the expeller speed, the head volume and the size of the pressed seed exit orifice is provided.
In yet another aspect, a seed oil expeller press capable of eliminating seed rotation within the head volume so as to eliminate crushing, grinding or tearing of the seed by a symmetrical knifed press head is provided.
In yet another aspect, a seed oil expeller press that regulates seed temperature, seed feed rate, seed pressure, seed rotation and extracted seed oil temperature to compensate for the seed size, seed hardness and seed oil content, so as to allow for seed compression (“pressing”) without crushing or tearing to accomplish seed oil extraction at a low (cold press) temperature.
Various modifications and additions can be made to the embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention also includes embodiments having different combination of features and embodiments that do not include all of the above described features.
A further understanding of the nature and advantages of particular embodiments may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings, in which like reference numerals are used to refer to similar components.
While various aspects and features of certain embodiments have been summarized above, the following detailed description illustrates at least on exemplary embodiment in further detail to enable one skilled in the art to practice such an embodiment. The described example is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiment. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that other embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. While various features are ascribed to different embodiments, it should be appreciated that the features described with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated with other embodiments as well. By the same token, however, no single feature or features of any described embodiment should be considered essential to every embodiment of the invention, as other embodiments of the invention may omit such features.
In this description, the directional prepositions of up, upwardly, down, downwardly, front, back, top, upper, bottom, lower, left, right and other such terms refer to the device as it is oriented and appears in the drawings and are used for convenience only; they are not intended to be limiting or to imply that the device has to be used or positioned in any particular orientation.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers herein used to express quantities, dimensions, and so forth, should be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise, and use of the terms “and” and “or” means “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. Moreover, the use of the term “including,” as well as other forms, such as “includes” and “included,” should be considered non-exclusive. Also, terms such as “element” or “component” encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one unit, unless specifically stated otherwise.
The terms “distal” and “proximal” as used herein in reference to the various components or component parts of the device, relates to the designation of the driven end of the seed oil expeller press as the distal end and the seed ejection end of the seed oil expeller press as the proximal end. The end or face of the various components may be termed “distal” or “proximal” with respect to their proximity to the distal or proximal end of the device.
The term “extending normally” as used herein, refers to a geometric relationship between two joined parts such that there is an approximate 90 degree angle there between these two parts.
The present invention is a seed oil expeller press (“press”) for the extraction of oil from seeds through a pressing force that does not crush or physically grind the seeds or raise the temperature of the extracted oil over 130 degrees F., and leaves the seed bodies intact after oil extraction.
It is to be noted the seed oil expeller press is discussed extracting oils from seeds, however the extraction process and press disclosed herein may be used to express desirable natural oils residing within plant material. “Oil” as used in this specification is not limited to the chemical definition of non-polar liquid, but includes here any liquid, emulsion, plant sap, grease, butter, resin, tar, juice, and any substantially viscous matter which resides in material fed into a press and extracted by mechanical distortion of said matter.
The seed oil expeller press includes a hopper or feedstock collection means, a pressing mechanism, and separate exits for the desirable oils and for the solid matter depleted of its desirable products. Typical plant matter fed into the machine for processing includes but is not limited to: seeds, fruits, flowers or buds, roots or tubers, pods, leaves, or stalks. Often such matter may be chopped or shaped by other machines in preparation for processing by the press.
The seed oil expeller press 2 disclosed herein is driven preferably by a 220 volt, single phase, variable frequency electric motor (running at 40-50 Hz) mechanically coupled to a gear reducer, preferably one with a 1439/39 reduction ratio. The press is operated at very low speed, in the range of 7 to 14 rpm, depending on the type of seed. These driver components are well known in the art and do not comprise any of the claimed elements of the seed oil expeller press.
The present invention is a slow speed seed oil expeller press having a novel design that maximizes the compressive forces put on the seed and eliminates the shear forces put on the seed by eliminating the rotation of the seeds once introduced into the head volume of the press. In this way there is no abrading of the seeds against the walls of the press cavity. The compressed seeds exit the press in a hardened waste curl, with up to 95% of their original oil content removed, but with the seeds intact rather than torn open or ground into particles. The press is tunable, in that the pressure of compression and temperature of extracted seed oil may be adjusted by altering the seed feed rate (via the speed of motor and the size of the thorn orifice); the pressure cavity volume (via the gap between the expeller and the head surfaces); the amount of seed preheat (via the temperature applied to the head). The resultant extracted seed oil does not need to be filtered and does not undergo oxidation and catalytic conversion, common with the extracted seed oils produced by conventional seed oil expeller presses.
Looking at
The main housing 4 can best be seen with reference to
Frictional fit into the distal end of the interior of the main housing there is a replaceable thrust bearing 12. (
Into the proximal end of the main housing 4 is frictionally fitted the bearing support 14. (
The seed introduction means is made of three parts (hopper 6
A transfer housing 18 lies between the main housing 4 and the head collar 20. In the preferred embodiment the distal and proximal ends of the transfer housing 18 have external threads which engage matingly conformed internal threads on the proximal end of the main housing 4 and internal threads on the distal end of the head collar 20. (Threads are omitted on the drawings for visual clarity and are known as one of numerous methods of attachment available between these components, such as rivets, bolts, pins and the like. Threads are eliminated from all FIGS. except
The head collar 20 connects the proximal end of the transfer housing 18 to the distal end of the press head 22. The head collar is a circular cylinder having a distal set of internal threads matingly conformed to the external threads formed on the proximal end of the transfer housing 18 as well as a proximal set of internal threads matingly engageable with the external threads formed on the outer face of the distal end of the head 22. As
Looking at
In component assembly, the transfer housing 18 is threadingly engaged with the main housing 4 and rotated to draw the two together so as to push the expeller 16 at its tapered flange 88 down into the main housing until the tapered flange 88 formed at the distal end of the expeller 16 contacts the proximal face of solid circular cylindrical disc 52 of the bearing support 14 and forces the bearing support 14 into contact with the proximal face 50 of thrust bearing 12 moving the entire assembly backwards until the distal face 48 of the thrust bearing contacts the circular thrust disk 36 extending normally inward at the distal end of the main housing 4. (Alternately the bearing support 14 and expeller 16 may be connected via a bolt passing through the socket 56 and engaging internal threads formed therein.) The transfer housing is continually threaded downward (toward the distal end of the press 2) until there is a sufficient compressive force exerted onto the thrust bearing 12, and the thrust bearing 12, the expeller 16, the transfer housing 18, the head collar 20 are drawn into operational tolerances and their centerlines are collinear with the linear axis of the press 2.
The knife edged concave face 94 has an outer periphery ring 94 and an inner periphery ring 93 formed around its central orifice 97. Evenly radially spaced concave troughs 96 are cut into the distal end's concave knife edged face that are deepest at the outer periphery 91. The concave troughs 96 do not extend to the inner periphery ring 93 or central orifice 97. The concave knife edged face 94 is the series of evenly radially spaced raised curved segments 98 remaining between the troughs 96. These raised curved segments 98 thus do not extend to the central orifice 97 or the inner periphery ring 93, but rather end in the buffer space 99 between the inner end of the troughs 96 and the inner periphery ring 93. This concave knife edged face 94 has sharp edges 91 (at a minimum included angle of 90 degrees) formed along the length of the two sides of their curved faces. It also has sharp corners 95 (having a minimum included angle of 90 degrees between all adjacent sides). These sharp corners 95 are where the outer periphery ring 94 meets the outer end of the raised curved segments 98 and outer end of the concave troughs 96. These troughs 96 and curved segments 98 are dimensioned for depth and the space between them so as to minimize or eliminate the rotation of the agglomerated seed mass that is trapped in the troughs 96 and compressed in the gap between the expeller 16 and the press head 22. It is the construct of this design to have the agglomerated seed mass rotate slowly as one unit, to squeeze the oil out of the seeds rather than to tear and grind the seed bodies apart. The sharp edges 91 and corners 95 aid in grabbing the seed mass at multiple places to hold it together as long as possible during the compression. This is evidenced by adjusting the distance between the press head 22 and the expeller 16 until the pressed seed cake is seen comprised of flat, but whole seed bodies.
The curved segments 98 at their widest outer section at the outer periphery ring 94 are more than twice the width of the troughs 96. The troughs 96 have a uniform width whereas the curved segments 98 decrease in width from the outer periphery ring 94 to the inner periphery ring 93. Ending the curved segments in the buffer space 99 just before the inner periphery ring 93 before the central orifice 97 and providing the inner periphery ring 93 prevents tearing of the seeds as they exit the press head 22. This eliminates the requirement to filter the extracted oil for particulate. This knife edged faced configuration is responsible for the squeezing of the seeds rather than their tearing, ripping and grinding and crushing. This means less friction and lower oil extraction temperatures.
There is through bore 100 passing through the center of the press head 22 along its linear axis. This bore 100 is stepped along its length in two places so as to make three different diameter regions along the through bore 100. The first step 102 at the distal end serves as a shoulder that the distal edge of the thorn housing 26 abuts, allowing a smooth transition into the distal concave opening 106 of the thorn housing 26 from the press head 22 with no exposed edges for seeds to tear or grind onto. The second step 104 at the proximal end just increases the diameter of the bore to allow for internal threads from the second step 104 to the proximal end of the press head 22.
The press head 22 is affixed to the proximal end of the head collar 20 by a set of external threads about its outer side wall 92 (threads not illustrated for visual clarity) that engage the proximal set of internal threads formed at the proximal end of the head collar 22. Drawing these components together sets the size of the gap (head volume) between the convex proximal end 84 of the expeller 16 and the convex knife edged face 94 of the pressure head 22. There is a circular lock ring 24 (
The thorn housing 26 (
Into the proximal end of the thorn housing 26 is threadingly engaged a thorn 28. The thorn 28 is just an adjustable depth plug with external threads about its distal side wall 116 for advancing it into the through slots 108 of the thorn housing past the proximal end of the two seed exit orifices 110. (Threads not shown for visual clarity.) At its distal end is a conical point 118 for splitting the seed conglomeration and directing it out of the two seed exit orifices 110. The proximal end of the thorn 28 is a hexagonal stud 120 for the attachment of a wrench to turn and insert the thorn 28 into the thorn housing 26. The depth that the thorn 28 is inserted determines the effective seed exit orifice 110 sizes thus adjusting the pressure the seed agglomeration undergoes in the press head 22.
There are optional electric seed pre-heaters strapped around the head collar 30 so as to warm the incoming seeds softening the seed shell and inner content. As an unexpected result of running the press 2 at a slow speed, using a knife edge faced press head 22, and heating the seeds before compression, the seed oil is extracted with a lower overall oil temperature than not pre-heating the seeds. This is because the physical process of compressing the seeds does not gain temperature from the extra pressure that must be added to tear, rip, and grind the seeds to extract the oil.
Looking at
In operation, (with reference to
With respect to the tunability of the press 2, the amount of force exerted on the seeds in the head space determines the seed oil temperature and the percentage of total oil that is extracted from the seeds. This is adjusted by the depth the thorn 28 is inserted into the thorn housing 26 in relation to the speed of the seed feed (motor speed). These are varied by the amount of heat input to the seeds prior to compressing as well as the head volume (set by the distance between the expeller 16 and the press head 22).
Looking at
The unrivaled success of this press 2 is due to the synergistic effect of the adjustable thorn, the strap on preheaters, the variable speed motors, the polished expeller the knife faced press head, and the adjustable head volume. These parameters in combination allow for the adjustment of the temperature, pressure and volume of seeds processed.
While certain features and aspects have been described with respect to exemplary embodiments, one skilled in the art will recognize that numerous modifications are possible. Consequently, although at least one exemplary embodiment has been described above, it will be appreciated that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.
THIS APPLICATION IS A CONTINUATION-IN-PART OF U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/565,228, FILED Sep. 9, 2019, WHICH IS A CONTINUATION-IN-PART OF U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/869,952, FILED Jan. 12, 2018, EACH OF WHICH IS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE HEREIN IN ITS ENTIRETY.
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| 4097213 | McComb | Jun 1978 | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20210138751 A1 | May 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16565228 | Sep 2019 | US |
| Child | 17152651 | US | |
| Parent | 15869952 | Jan 2018 | US |
| Child | 16565228 | US |
