The present invention relates to a combustor transition piece for flowing combustion products between a turbine combustor and a first stage nozzle and particularly relates to a transition piece having dilution holes to aid in dilution mixing and promoting emissions reduction.
It is well known that air-polluting emissions are typically produced in gas turbines burning conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Those emissions are usually oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons. It is also well known that oxidation of molecular nitrogen is dependent upon the temperature of the hot gas stream produced by the turbine combustor and which hot gas stream flows through a transition piece to the first stage nozzle. The residence time for the reactants at these high temperatures is also a factor in the production of the undesirable emissions.
Various concepts have been proposed and utilized to maintain the reaction zone temperatures below the level at which thermal NOx is formed or by reducing the residence time at high temperatures such that there is insufficient time for the NOx formation reaction to go forward, or both. One method of reducing the temperature of the reactants in the combustor is to provide a lean mixture of fuel and air prior to combustion. Thus, dilution air is oftentimes provided within the combustion liner to absorb heat and reduce the temperature rise to a level where thermal NOx is not formed. However, in many cases, and even with lean premixed fuel and air, the temperatures are sufficient to produce undesirable emissions.
Dilution air has previously been provided in the transition piece between the combustor and the first stage nozzle. For example, in a prior art transition piece, two dilution holes have been provided adjacent the outlet of the transition piece at a location close to the first stage nozzle. However, undesirable emissions remain a problem, notwithstanding various prior proposals to reduce those emissions.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a transition piece dilution air management system which promotes dilution mixing and emissions reduction. Particularly, the dilution air management system provides dilution air jets in the combustion transition piece at predetermined axial and circumferential locations to optimize reductions in emissions consistent with efficient use of expensive compressor discharge air. Particularly, the transition piece includes a body having an inlet for receiving combustion products from the combustor and an outlet for flowing the combustion products into the first stage nozzle. The transition piece body defines an enclosure for confining the flow of combustion products between its inlet and outlet ends. A plurality of dilution holes are formed in a first zone adjacent the inlet end of the transition piece body and also in a second zone adjacent the outlet end of the transition piece body.
In one aspect hereof, the dilution holes are sized such that substantial equal quantities of dilution air flow into the flowpath in the respective zones. In another aspect, the holes are located in the transition piece body in accordance with the hole numbers 1 through 7 and X, Y, Z coordinates set forth in the following Table I, wherein the X, Y, Z coordinates have an origin at the center of the circular inlet to the transition body with the Z coordinates extending from the origin in a downstream flow direction toward the outlet end. The holes lie along the transition piece body in an envelope within one inch in any direction along the surface of the transition piece body from the locations of the holes determined by the X, Y, Z coordinates.
Referring now to the drawings, particularly to
As illustrated, the transition piece 10 includes a body or enclosure 18 for confining and directing the flow of combustion products from combustor 12 to nozzle 14. Thus, the transition piece body 18 includes an inlet end 20 and an outlet end 22 for respectively receiving the gases and flowing the gases into the nozzle 14. The inlet end 20 of the transition piece 10 is generally circular. The transition piece body 18 transitions from the circular inlet end generally axially and radially inwardly relative to the turbine axis and terminates in a slightly arcuate, generally rectilinear outlet end 12 adjacent the first stage nozzle 14.
In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there are provided a plurality of dilution holes 28 in the body 18. The holes are formed in first and second zones 24 and 26, respectively, adjacent the inlet and outlet ends of the body 18. In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention, the second zone adjacent the outlet end of the body 18 has a plurality of holes, preferably four holes numbered in drawing
To efficiently promote dilution mixing and reduce the temperature of the products of combustion flowing through the transition piece body 18, it is preferable to provide an equal amount of dilution air flowing into the transition body at its opposite ends with the jets of air generally directed toward a central axis of the flow stream through the body 18. The holes 28 through the body are thus formed in a direction normal to the surface to direct jets of air toward the axes of the flow. It will be appreciated that the size of the holes dictate the penetration of the dilution air jets flowing into the gas stream and their location adjacent opposite ends of the body has been proven effective to lower the temperature of the gas stream to reduce emissions.
In a preferred embodiment, the size and location of the holes in the transition piece body may be ascertained from Table I below wherein the holes are located in accordance with the hole numbers 1 through 7 and X, Y, Z coordinates set forth in Table I. The X, Y, Z coordinates have an origin 30 (
As can be seen from Table I and with reference to drawing
The magnitude of the dilution air provided the inlet and outlet ends of the transition piece body is substantially equal. Preferably, the total dilution air flow for effective dilution mixing and efficient emissions reduction for this exemplified embodiment of the transition piece has been found to be about 7.10 square inches. Consequently, the total area of the holes 5, 6 and 7 at the first zone adjacent the inlet end 20 afford a total preferred dilution area of about 3.55 square inches and, similarly, the holes 1 through 3 adjacent the second zone and outlet end 22 of the transition piece body provide a total preferred dilution area of about 3.55 square inches. Thus, it will be appreciated that the dilution holes machined into the transition piece at the specified axial and circumferential locations aid in dilution mixing and promoting emissions reduction.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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6018950 | Moeller | Feb 2000 | A |
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6546627 | Sekihara et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
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Number | Date | Country |
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05251400.7 | Mar 2005 | EP |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20050204741 A1 | Sep 2005 | US |