Turbine exhaust case multi-piece framed

Abstract

A turbine exhaust case (28) comprises a fairing (120) defining an airflow path through the turbine exhaust case, and a multi-piece frame (100). The multi-piece frame is disposed through and around the fairing to support a bearing load, and comprises an inner ring (104), an outer ring (102) disposed concentrically outward of the inner ring, a plurality of bossed covers (110), and a plurality of radial struts (106). The plurality of bossed covers are bolted to the outer ring at locations circumferentially distributed about the outer diameter of the outer ring. The plurality of radial struts pass through the fairing and are secured via non-radial connectors (112, 114) to the inner ring and the bossed covers.

Description

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates generally to gas turbine engines, and more particularly to heat management in a turbine exhaust case of a gas turbine engine.

A turbine exhaust case is a structural frame that supports engine bearing loads while providing a gas path at or near the aft end of a gas turbine engine. Some aeroengines utilize a turbine exhaust case to help mount the gas turbine engine to an aircraft airframe. In industrial applications, a turbine exhaust case is more commonly used to couple gas turbine engines to a power turbine that powers an electrical generator. Industrial turbine exhaust cases may, for instance, be situated between a low pressure engine turbine and a generator power turbine. A turbine exhaust case must bear shaft loads from interior bearings, and must be capable of sustained operation at high temperatures.

Turbine exhaust cases serve two primary purposes: airflow channeling and structural support. Turbine exhaust cases typically comprise structures with inner and outer rings connected by radial struts. The struts and rings often define a core flow path from fore to aft, while simultaneously mechanically supporting shaft bearings situated axially inward of the inner ring. The components of a turbine exhaust case are exposed to very high temperatures along the core flow path. Various approaches and architectures have been employed to handle these high temperatures. Some turbine exhaust case frames utilize high-temperature, high-stress capable materials to both define the core flow path and bear mechanical loads. Other turbine exhaust case architectures separate these two functions, pairing a structural frame for mechanical loads with a high-temperature capable fairing to define the core flow path. Turbine exhaust cases with separate structural frames and flow path fairings pose the technical challenge of installing vane fairings within the structural frame. Fairings are typically constructed as a “ship in a bottle,” built piece-by-piece within a unitary frame. Some fairing embodiments, for instance, comprise suction and pressure side pieces of fairing vanes for each frame strut. These pieces are inserted individually inside the structural frame, and joined together (e.g. by welding) to surround frame struts.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed toward a turbine exhaust case comprising a fairing defining an airflow path through the turbine exhaust case, and a multi-piece frame. The multi-piece frame is disposed through and around the fairing to support a bearing load, and comprises an inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically outward of the inner ring, a plurality of bossed covers, and a plurality of radial struts. The plurality of bossed covers are bolted to the outer ring at locations circumferentially distributed about the outer diameter of the outer ring. The plurality of radial struts pass through the fairing and are secured via non-radial connectors to the inner ring and the bossed covers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gas turbine generator.

FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a turbine exhaust case of the gas turbine generator of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of multi-piece frame depicted in FIG. 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a simplified partial cross-sectional view of gas turbine engine 10, comprising inlet 12, compressor 14 (with low pressure compressor 16 and high pressure compressor 18), combustor 20, engine turbine 22 (with high pressure turbine 24 and low pressure turbine 26), turbine exhaust case 28, power turbine 30, low pressure shaft 32, high pressure shaft 34, and power shaft 36. Gas turbine engine 10 can, for instance, be an industrial power turbine.

Low pressure shaft 32, high pressure shaft 34, and power shaft 36 are situated along rotational axis A. In the depicted embodiment, low pressure shaft 32 and high pressure shaft 34 are arranged concentrically, while power shaft 36 is disposed axially aft of low pressure shaft 32 and high pressure shaft 34. Low pressure shaft 32 defines a low pressure spool including low pressure compressor 16 and low pressure turbine 26. High pressure shaft 34 analogously defines a high pressure spool including high pressure compressor 18 and high pressure turbine 24. As is well known in the art of gas turbines, airflow F is received at inlet 12, then pressurized by low pressure compressor 16 and high pressure compressor 18. Fuel is injected at combustor 20, where the resulting fuel-air mixture is ignited. Expanding combustion gasses rotate high pressure turbine 24 and low pressure turbine 26, thereby driving high and low pressure compressors 18 and 16 through high pressure shaft 34 and low pressure shaft 32, respectively. Although compressor 14 and engine turbine 22 are depicted as two-spool components with high and low sections on separate shafts, single spool or three or more spool embodiments of compressor 14 and engine turbine 22 are also possible. Turbine exhaust case 28 carries airflow from low pressure turbine 26 to power turbine 30, where this airflow drives power shaft 36. Power shaft 36 can, for instance, drive an electrical generator, pump, mechanical gearbox, or other accessory (not shown).

In addition to defining an airflow path from low pressure turbine 26 to power turbine 30, turbine exhaust case 28 can support one or more shaft loads. Turbine exhaust case 28 can, for instance, support low pressure shaft 32 via bearing compartments (not shown) disposed to communicate load from low pressure shaft 32 to a structural frame of turbine exhaust case 28.

FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-sectional view of turbine exhaust case 26 and adjacent components of gas turbine engine 10. FIG. 2 illustrates low pressure turbine 26 (with low pressure turbine casing 42, low pressure vane 36, low pressure rotor blade 38, and low pressure rotor disk 40) and power turbine 30 (with power turbine case 52, power turbine vanes 46, power turbine rotor blades 48, and power turbine rotor disks 50), and turbine exhaust case 28 (with frame 100, outer ring 102, inner ring 104, strut 106, inner ring flange 108, cover 110, expandable diameter fasteners 112, inner diameter fasteners 114, and cover fasteners 116 with corresponding nuts 118. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of turbine exhaust case 28 illustrating frame 100 with outer ring 102, inner ring 104, strut 106, inner ring flange 108, cover 110, expandable diameter fasteners 112, inner diameter fasteners 114, and cover fasteners 116, with fairing 120 removed.

As noted above with respect to FIG. 1, low pressure turbine 26 is an engine turbine connected to low pressure compressor 16 via low pressure shaft 32. Low pressure turbine rotor blades 38 are axially stacked collections of circumferentially distributed airfoils anchored to low pressure turbine rotor disk 40. Although only one low pressure turbine rotor disk 40 and a single representative low pressure turbine rotor blade 38 are shown, low pressure turbine 26 may comprise any number of rotor stages interspersed with low pressure rotor vanes 36. Low pressure rotor vanes 36 are airfoil surfaces that channel flow F to impart aerodynamic loads on low pressure rotor blades 38, thereby driving low pressure shaft 32 (see FIG. 1). Low pressure turbine case 42 is a rigid outer surface of low pressure turbine 26 that carries radial and axial load from low pressure turbine components, e.g. to turbine exhaust case 28.

Power turbine 30 parallels low pressure turbine 26, but extracts energy from airflow F to drive a generator, pump, mechanical gearbox, or similar device, rather than to power compressor 14. Like low pressure turbine 26, power turbine 30 operates by channeling airflow through alternating stages of airfoil vanes and blades. Power turbine vanes 46 channel airflow F to rotate power turbine rotor blades 48 on power turbine rotor disks 50.

Turbine exhaust case 28 is an intermediate structure connecting low pressure turbine 26 to power turbine 30. Turbine exhaust case 28 may for instance be anchored to low pressure turbine 26 and power turbine 30 via bolts, pins, rivets, or screws. In some embodiments, turbine exhaust case 28 may serve as an attachment point for installation mounting hardware (e.g. trusses, posts) that supports not only turbine exhaust case 28, but also low pressure turbine 26, power turbine 30, and/or other components of gas turbine engine 10.

Turbine exhaust case 28 comprises two primary components: frame 100, which supports structural loads including shaft loads e.g. from low pressure shaft 32, and fairing 120, which defines an aerodynamic flow path from low pressure turbine 26 to power turbine 30. Fairing 120 can be formed in a unitary, monolithic piece, while frame 100 is assembled about fairing 120.

Outer platform 122 and inner platform 124 of fairing 120 define the inner and outer boundaries of an annular gas flow path from low pressure turbine 26 to power turbine 30. Fairing vane 126 is an aerodynamic vane surface surrounding strut 106. Fairing 120 can have any number of fairing vanes 126 at least equal to the number of struts 106. In one embodiment, fairing 120 has one vane fairing 126 for each strut 106 of frame 100. In other embodiments, fairing 120 may include additional vane fairings 126 through which no strut 106 passes. Fairing 120 can be formed of a high temperature capable material such as Inconel or another nickel-based superalloy.

Frame 100 is a multi-piece frame comprised of four distinct structural elements, plus connecting fasteners. The outer diameter of frame 100 is formed by the combination of outer ring 102 and a plurality of covers 110. Outer ring 102 is a rigid, substantially frustoconical annulus with strut apertures S_A at angular locations corresponding to locations of struts 106. Covers 110 are bossed caps that seal strut apertures S_A, and interface with struts 106 via expandable diameter fasteners 112. Expandable diameter fasteners 112 may, for instance, be expandable diameter bolts, shafts, or pins capable of extending entirely through both cover 110 and strut 106, and expanding to take in corresponding tolerances and account for thermal drift. Expandable diameter fasteners 112 extend in a circumferential direction through strut 106 and cover 110, and are secured to either angular side of cover 110 (see FIG. 3). Cover 110 is secured to outer ring 102 of frame 100 by cover fasteners 116, which may for instance be screws, pins, rivets, or bolts (with corresponding nuts 118).

The inner diameter of frame 100 is defined by inner ring 104, a substantially cylindrical structure with inner ring flanges 108 bracketing each strut 106. Inner diameter fasteners 114 extend entirely through inner ring flanges 108 and strut 106. Inner diameter fasteners 114 may be standard or expandable diameter fasteners, including bolts, pins, shafts, screws, or rivets. Struts 106 are rigid posts extending substantially radially from inner ring 104 through strut apertures S_A of outer ring 102, and anchored via expandable diameter fasteners 112 to cover 110. Frame 100 is not directly exposed to core flow F, and therefore can be formed of a material rated to significantly lower temperatures than fairing 120. In some embodiments, frame 100 may be formed of sand-cast steel.

Turbine exhaust case 28 is assembled by axially and circumferentially aligning fairing 120 with inner ring 104 and outer ring 102, and slotting each strut 106 through strut aperture S_A and fairing vane 126 from radially outside. Strut 106 can then be secured to inner ring 104 via inner diameter fasteners 114 through inner ring flanges 108, e.g. by manual assembly from aft of turbine exhaust case 28. Covers 110 are then installed over each strut aperture S_A, and secured to struts 106 via variable diameter fasteners 112 to complete the assembly of turbine exhaust case 28. The multi-piece construction of frame 100 allows turbine exhaust case 28 to be assembled around fairing 120. Accordingly, fairing 120 can be a single, monolithically formed piece, e.g. a unitary die-cast body with no weak points corresponding to weld or other joint locations.

Discussion of Possible Embodiments

The following are non-exclusive descriptions of possible embodiments of the present invention.

A turbine exhaust case comprising a fairing defining an airflow path through the turbine exhaust case, and a multi-piece frame. The multi-piece frame is disposed through and around the fairing to support a bearing load, and comprises an inner ring, an outer ring disposed concentrically outward of the inner ring, a plurality of bossed covers, and a plurality of radial struts. The plurality of bossed covers are bolted to the outer ring at locations circumferentially distributed about the outer diameter of the outer ring. The plurality of radial struts pass through the fairing and are secured via non-radial connectors to the inner ring and the bossed covers.

The turbine exhaust case of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations, and/or additional components:

wherein the multi-piece frame is formed of steel.

wherein the multi-piece frame is formed of sand-cast steel.

wherein the fairing is monolithically formed.

wherein the fairing is formed of a material rated for a higher temperature than the multi-piece frame.

wherein the fairing is formed of a nickel-based superalloy.

wherein the radial struts are anchored via the non-radial connectors to a radial flange on the inner ring.

wherein each radial strut passes through a separate aperture in the outer ring covered by a separate bossed over.

wherein the non-radial connectors are circumferentially-oriented expandable diameter fasteners.

A turbine exhaust case frame comprising an inner cylindrical ring with a plurality of radially outward-extending flanges; an outer frustoconical ring with a plurality of angularly distributed strut apertures; a plurality of radial struts secured to the radially outward-extending flanges, and extending through the angularly distributed strut apertures; and a plurality of covers secured over each of the angularly distributed strut apertures, and secured to the radial struts via expandable diameter strut fasteners.

The turbine exhaust case frame of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations, and/or additional components:

wherein each of the radial struts is secured to two of the radially outward-extending flanges by inner diameter expandable diameter fasteners.

wherein the expandable diameter strut fasteners are oriented circumferentially.

wherein each expandable diameter strut fasteners extend fully through one of the struts and one of the plurality of covers.

A method of assembling a turbine exhaust case, the method comprising: aligning fairing vanes of a flow path defining fairing, flanges extending radially outward from an inner frame ring, and strut apertures of an outer frustoconical ring; inserting a radial strut from radially outside the outer frustoconical ring, through the strut aperture and the fairing vane; securing the radial struts to the flanges; and securing covers over the strut apertures to the outer frustoconical ring and the struts.

The method of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations, and/or additional components:

wherein securing the covers to the struts comprises inserting circumferentially oriented expandable diameter fasteners through each strut and cover.

While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. Although the present description describes turbine exhaust case 28 as abutting low pressure turbine 26, gas turbine engine 10 may comprise any number of engine spools, of which turbine exhaust case 28 abuts the last. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A turbine exhaust case comprising: a fairing defining an airflow path through the turbine exhaust case; anda multi-piece frame disposed through and around the fairing to support a bearing load, the multi-piece frame comprising: a inner ring;an outer ring disposed concentrically outward of the inner ring;a plurality of bossed covers bolted to the outer ring at locations circumferentially distributed about the outer diameter of the outer ring; anda plurality of radial struts passing through the fairing and secured via non-radial connectors to the inner ring and the bossed covers;wherein each radial strut passes through a separate aperture in the outer ring covered by a separate bossed over.

2. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the multi-piece frame is formed of steel.

3. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 2, wherein the multi-piece frame is formed of sand-cast steel.

4. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the fairing is monolithically formed.

5. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the fairing is formed of a material rated for a higher temperature than the multi-piece frame.

6. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the fairing is formed of a nickel-based superalloy.

7. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the radial struts are anchored via the non-radial connectors to a radial flange on the inner ring.

8. The gas turbine exhaust case of claim 1, wherein the non-radial connectors are circumferentially-oriented expandable diameter fasteners.

9. A turbine exhaust case frame comprising: an inner cylindrical ring with a plurality of radially outward-extending flanges;an outer frustoconical ring with a plurality of angularly distributed strut apertures;a plurality of radial struts secured to the radially outward-extending flanges, and extending through the angularly distributed strut apertures; anda plurality of covers secured over each of the angularly distributed strut apertures, and secured to the radial struts via circumferentially oriented expandable diameter strut fasteners.

10. The turbine exhaust case frame of claim 9, wherein each of the radial struts is secured to two of the radially outward-extending flanges by expandable diameter inner diameter fasteners.

11. The turbine exhaust case frame of claim 9, wherein each expandable diameter strut fasteners extend fully through one of the struts and one of the plurality of covers.

12. The turbine exhaust case of claim 9, wherein the frame is formed of steel.

13. A method of assembling a turbine exhaust case, the method comprising: aligning fairing vanes of a flow path defining fairing, flanges extending radially outward from an inner frame ring, and strut apertures of an outer frustoconical ring;inserting a radial strut from radially outside the outer frustoconical ring, through the strut aperture and the fairing vane;securing the radial strut to the flanges; andsecuring a cover spanning the strut aperture to the outer frustoconical ring and the strut.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein securing the covers to the struts comprises inserting circumferentially oriented expandable fasteners through each strut and cover.