Patent Grant
8807950
The present application and the resultant patent relate generally to a turbine nozzle for a gas turbine engine and more particularly relate to a nozzle airfoil profile for a turbine stage.
In a gas turbine, many system requirements should be met at each stage of the gas turbine so as to meet design goals. These design goals may include, but are not limited to, overall improved efficiency and airfoil loading capability. For example, a turbine nozzle airfoil profile should achieve thermal and mechanical operating requirements for that particular stage. Moreover, component lifetime and cost targets also should be met.
There is thus a desire therefore for an improved turbine nozzle airfoil profile for use in a turbine and the like. Such an improved airfoil design should achieve performance objectives and improve overall gas turbine performance in a component with a long lifetime and reasonable manufacture and operating costs.
The present application and the resultant patent thus provide a turbine nozzle including an airfoil shape. The airfoil shape may have a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z are non-dimensional values from 0% to 100% convertible to dimensional distances in inches by multiplying the Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z by a height of the airfoil in inches. The X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each distance Z. The airfoil profile sections at Z distances being joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
The present application and the resultant patent further provide a turbine nozzle including an airfoil having a suction-side uncoated nominal airfoil profile substantially in accordance with suction-side Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z are non-dimensional values from 0% to 100% convertible to dimensional distances in inches by multiplying the Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z by a height of the airfoil in inches. The X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each Z distance. The airfoil profile sections at the Z distances may be joined smoothly with one another to form a complete suction-side airfoil shape. The X, Y and Z distances being scalable as a function of the same constant or number to provide a scaled-up or scaled-down airfoil.
The present application and the resultant patent further provide a turbine with a number of nozzles having an airfoil having an airfoil shape. The airfoils having a nominal profile substantially in accordance with Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z set forth in Table 1. The Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z are non-dimensional values from 0% to 100% convertible to dimensional distances in inches by multiplying the Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z by a height of the airfoil in inches. The X and Y values are distances in inches which, when connected by smooth continuing arcs, define airfoil profile sections at each Z distance. The airfoil profile sections at the Z distances may be joined smoothly with one another to form a complete airfoil shape.
These and other features and improvements of the present application and the resultant patent should become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the several drawings and the appended claims.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals refer to like elements throughout the several views,
The gas turbine engine 10 may use natural gas, various types of syngas, and/or other types of fuels. The gas turbine engine 10 may be any one of a number of different gas turbine engines offered by General Electric Company of Schenectady, N.Y., including, but not limited to, those such as a 7 or a 9 series heavy duty gas turbine engine and the like. The gas turbine engine 10 may have different configurations and may use other types of components. Other types of gas turbine engines also may be used herein. Multiple gas turbine engines, other types of turbines, and other types of power generation equipment also may be used herein together.
Referring to
The gas turbine hot gas path 240 requires airfoils 250 that meet system requirements of aerodynamic and mechanical blade loading and efficiency. To define the airfoil shape of each nozzle airfoil, there is a unique set or loci of points in space that meet the stage requirements and can be manufactured. These unique loci of points meet the requirements for stage efficiency and are arrived at by iteration between aerodynamic and mechanical loadings enabling the turbine to run in an efficient, safe and smooth manner. These points are unique and specific to the system. The locus that defines the nozzle airfoil profile includes a set of about 2,200 points with X, Y and Z dimensions relative to a reference origin coordinate system. The Cartesian coordinate system of X, Y and Z values given in Table 1 below defines the profile of the nozzle airfoil at various locations along its length. Table 1 lists data for a non-coated airfoil. The envelope/tolerance for the coordinates is about +/−5% in a direction normal to any airfoil surface location and/or about +/−5% of the chord length 320 in a direction nominal to any airfoil surface location. The point data origin is the leading edge of the base 290. The coordinate values for the X, Y and Z coordinates are set forth in non-dimensionalized units by the blade height in Table 1 although other units of dimensions may be used when the values are appropriately converted. The X, Y, and Z values set forth in Table 1 are also expressed in non-dimensional form (X, Y, and Z) from 0% to 100% of the blade or airfoil height. As one example only, the Cartesian coordinate values of X, Y and Z may be convertible to dimensional distances by multiplying the X, Y and Z values by a height of the airfoil at the trailing edge and multiplying by a constant number (e.g., 100). To convert the Z value to a Z coordinate value, e.g., in inches, the non-dimensional Z value given in Table 1 is multiplied by the Z length of the airfoil in inches. As described above, the Cartesian coordinate system has orthogonally-related X, Y and Z axes and the X axis lies generally parallel to the turbine rotor centerline, i.e., the rotary axis and a positive X coordinate value is axial toward the aft, i.e., exhaust end of the turbine. The positive Y coordinate value extends tangentially in the direction of rotation of the rotor and the positive Z coordinate value is radially outwardly toward the nozzle tip. All the values in Table 1 are given at room temperature and are unfilleted.
By defining X and Y coordinate values at selected locations in a Z direction normal to the X, Y plane, the profile section or airfoil shape of the nozzle airfoil, at each Z distance along the length of the airfoil can be ascertained. By connecting the X and Y values with smooth continuing arcs, each profile section at each distance Z is fixed. The airfoil profiles of the various surface locations between the distances Z are determined by smoothly connecting the adjacent profile sections to one another to form the airfoil profile.
The Table 1 values are generated and shown to three decimal places for determining the profile of the airfoil. As the blade heats up in surface, stress and temperature will cause a change in the X, Y and Z values. Accordingly, the values for the profile given in Table 1 represent ambient, non-operating or non-hot conditions (e.g., room temperature) and are for an uncoated airfoil.
There are typical manufacturing tolerances as well as coatings which must be accounted for in the actual profile of the airfoil. Each section is joined smoothly with the other sections to form the complete airfoil shape. It will therefore be appreciated that +/− typical manufacturing tolerances, i.e., +/− values, including any coating thicknesses, are additive to the X and Y values given in Table 1 below. Accordingly, a distance of +/−5% in a direction normal to any surface location along the airfoil profile defines an airfoil profile envelope for this particular nozzle airfoil design and turbine, i.e., a range of variation between measured points on the actual airfoil surface at nominal cold or room temperature and the ideal position of those points as given in the Table below at the same temperature. The data is scalable and the geometry pertains to all aerodynamic scales, at above and/or below 3000 RPM. The nozzle airfoil design is robust to this range of variation without impairment of mechanical and aerodynamic functions.
It will also be appreciated that the airfoil 250 disclosed in the above Table 1 may be scaled up or down geometrically for use in other similar turbine designs. Consequently, the coordinate values set forth in Table 1 may be scaled upwardly or downwardly such that the airfoil profile shape remains unchanged. A scaled version of the coordinates in Table 1 would be represented by X, Y and Z coordinate values of Table 1, with the X, Y and Z non-dimensional coordinate values converted to inches, multiplied or divided by a constant number.
An important term in this disclosure is profile. The profile is the range of the variation between measured points on an airfoil surface and the ideal position listed in Table 1. The actual profile on a manufactured blade will be different than those in Table 1 and the design is robust to this variation meaning that mechanical and aerodynamic function are not impaired. As noted above, a + or −5% profile tolerance is used herein. The X, Y and Z values are all non-dimensionalized relative to the airfoil height.
The disclosed airfoil shape optimizes and is specific to the machine conditions and specifications. The airfoil shape provides a unique profile to achieve (1) interaction between other stages in the high pressure turbine; (2) aerodynamic efficiency; and (3) normalized aerodynamic and mechanical blade loadings. The disclosed loci of points allow the gas turbine or any other suitable turbine to run in an efficient, safe and smooth manner. As also noted, any scale of the disclosed airfoil may be adopted as long as (1) interaction between other stages in the high pressure turbine; (2) aerodynamic efficiency; and (3) normalized aerodynamic and mechanical blade loadings are maintained in the scaled turbine.
The airfoil 250 described herein thus improves overall gas turbine 100 efficiency. Specifically, the airfoil 250 provides the desired turbine efficiency lapse rate (ISO, hot, cold, part load, etc.). The airfoil 250 also meets all aeromechanics and stress requirements.
The nozzle 220 described herein has very specific aerodynamic design requirements such as an upstream bucket radial back pressure (i.e., work splits) and radial velocity triangles for the downstream bucket. Significant cross-functional design effort was require to meet these design goals. The airfoil 250 of the nozzle 220 thus is of a specific shape to meet aerodynamic, mechanical, and heat transfer requirements in an efficient and cost effective manner.
It should be apparent that the foregoing relates only to certain embodiments of the present application and the resultant patent. Numerous changes and modifications may be made herein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the general spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims and the equivalents thereof.
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