Patent Application
20060153686
The invention relates to a turbine shaft, which is oriented in an axial direction, for a steam turbine, having a first flow region and a second flow region, which adjoins the first flow region in the axial direction, the turbine shaft comprising a first material in the first flow region and comprising a second material in the second flow region. The invention also relates to a process for producing a turbine shaft which comprises two materials and is oriented in an axial direction.
Turbine shafts are generally used in turbomachines. A steam turbine may be considered as an example of a turbomachine. To increase efficiency, steam turbines are designed as what are known as combined steam turbines. Steam turbines of this type have an inflow region and two or more flow regions designed with rotor blades and guide vanes. A flow medium flows via the inflow region to a first flow region and then to a further flow region. Steam may be considered as an example of a flow medium in this context.
By way of example, steam is passed into the inflow region at temperatures of over 400° C. and from there passes to the first flow region. In this case, various components, in particular the turbine shaft, are subject to thermal loads in the first flow region. Downstream of the first flow region, the steam flows to the second flow region. The steam is generally at lower temperatures and pressures in the second flow region. The turbine shaft should have properties of being tough at low temperatures in this region.
Various solutions have hitherto been disclosed for combining the two required properties of the turbine shaft with one another. One solution provides for the heat-resistant property and the property of being tough at low temperatures to be combined with one another in the turbine shaft. In this case, what is described as a monobloc shaft which combines the two required properties with certain restrictions is used. However, this involves compromises which can lead to restrictions on the design and operation of the steam turbine.
It is also known to weld turbine shafts. In the case of the materials which have been disclosed hitherto, with the associated demands imposed thereon, a buffer weld has to be applied to a material, which has to be annealed at a set temperature. After the annealing of the buffer weld on a first material, the two parts of the turbine shaft made from a first material and a second material are joined by a structural weld with a final tempering treatment at a temperature which is lower than the temperature used during the annealing of the buffer weld. Hitherto, 1% CrMoV has been used as material for the first region of the turbine shaft, which needs to have heat-resistant properties. Hitherto, 3.5% NiCrMoV has been used for the second region of the turbine shaft, which has to be tough at low temperatures.
The process for producing turbine shafts of this type is expensive and complicated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a turbine shaft which has cold toughness and heat resistance properties. A further object of the invention is to provide a process for producing the turbine shaft.
The object relating to the turbine shaft is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims.
Advantageous configurations are presented in the dependent claims.
The object relating to the process is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims.
The invention is based on the discovery that it is possible to dispense with the need for an additional buffer weld and an additional intermediate anneal by suitable selection of materials and a correspondingly modified heat treatment.
One advantage is that a turbine shaft can be produced more quickly and therefore at reduced cost.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals throughout all the figures. In the drawing, diagrammatically and not to scale:
The greatly simplified Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate only those parts which are of importance to gaining an understanding of the functioning of the invention.
In a combined medium-pressure and low-pressure steam turbine (not shown), live steam flows along a first section of a turbine shaft, where it is expanded and cooled at the same time. Therefore, the material of the turbine shaft is required to have heat-resistant properties in this first subsection. The temperature of the live steam may be up to 565° C. The cooled and expanded live steam flows into a second subsection, in which the turbine shaft is required to be tough at low temperatures.
The turbine shaft 1 illustrated in
This turbine shaft 1 is usually used for combined steam turbines with an outflow surface area of between 10 and 12.5 m2 in a reverse flow mode at 50 Hz. In the reverse flow mode, a direction of flow is substantially reversed after the medium has flowed through the medium-pressure part 13, so that the medium then flows through the low-pressure part 14. The material 23 CrMoNiWV 8-8 comprises 0.20-0.24% by weight of C, ≦0.20% by weight of Si, 0.60-0.80% by weight of Mn, ≦0.010% by weight of P, ≦0.007% by weight of S, 2.05-2.20% by weight of Cr, 0.80-0.90% by weight of Mo, 0.70-0.80% by weight of Ni, 0.25-0.35% by weight of V and 0.60-0.70% by weight of W. The required properties with regard to heat resistance and toughness at low temperatures have hitherto, with certain restrictions, been combined by the use of the turbine shaft 1 described in
The turbine shaft 7 illustrated in
The medium-pressure part 13 has to have heat-resistant properties, and the low-pressure part 14 has to have cold toughness properties. The turbine shaft 7 includes a buffer weld 9, which is first of all applied to the medium-pressure part 13 and annealed at a temperature T1. Then, the medium-pressure part 13 and the low-pressure part 14 are joined to one another by a weld seam. This welding operation is followed by annealing at a temperature T2. The reason for the different temperatures T1 and T2 is the different chemical composition and microstructural formation of the materials and the resulting different tempering stability: T1>T2. High hardnesses in the heat-affected zones and internal stresses need to be avoided by using tempering temperatures which are as high as possible without having an adverse effect on the strength of the individual shafts, which have already been produced and tested.
The weld is designed in the form of a structural weld, with a weld filler being supplied during the structural welding. The weld filler should comprise, for example, 2% of nickel.
After the welding, the welded shaft should be tempered for a sufficient length of time, between 2 and 20 hours, at a temperature of between 600° C. and 640° C.
The particular advantage of the 3.5 NiCrMoV material is that it has a static strength of up to Rp 0.2>760 MPa without any toughness problems. Tempering at the abovementioned temperatures has scarcely any effect on the strength of the weld seam. The internal stresses and the hardness in the heat-affected zone are reduced, so that the risk of stress corrosion cracking caused by moist media can be avoided. The Vickers hardness is HV≦360. The result is a welded shaft which has the required heat resistance in the front part but can withstand the high demands imposed on strength and toughness by the high blade centrifugal forces in the rear part. The join only has to be welded once and annealed once.
The turbine shaft 8 illustrated in
Further advantages result from the fact that the turbine shaft only has to be welded once and tempered once. This reduces the production cycle times. It is possible to realize further design solutions with high demands on strength and toughness in the low-pressure part 14 and a high heat resistance in the medium-pressure part 13 for new steam turbine assemblies.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10257091.4 | Dec 2002 | DE | national |
This application is the US National Stage of International Application No. PCT/DE2003/003959, filed Dec. 2, 2003 and claims the benefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits of German Patent applications No. 10257091.4 DE filed Dec. 5, 2002, all of the applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE03/03959 | 12/2/2003 | WO | 5/31/2005 |
