Patent Application
20100284811
The field of the present invention is that of aeronautical engines, particularly that of turbomachines.
Aeronautical turbomachines conventionally comprise several modules such as a low-pressure (LP) compressor followed by a high-pressure (HP) compressor, a combustion chamber, a high-pressure turbine followed by a low-pressure turbine, each of which drives the corresponding LP or HP compressor, and a gas ejection device. Each of the turbines is formed alternately of wheels with fixed blades, or guide vanes, and of wheels of moving blades, which together form a turbine stage. The LP turbine modules may comprise several stages, of which there are usually two.
In the remainder of the description, mention of upstream and downstream is to be understood with reference to the direction in which the gases flow through the turbomachine.
The moving blades are carried at their lower part by the rotor of the turbomachine and are fixed to a turbine disk. The guide vane blades are produced in the form of adjacent blade sectors, supported by their upper part and fixed to a casing known as the turbine casing. The moving blades are generally positioned facing an abradable material borne by a circular component fixed to the casing and known as the turbine shroud ring. Small thin ribs borne by the root of the blade, and known as wipers, penetrate this abradable material to ensure sealing between the upstream and downstream sides of the blade, in spite of the deformations resulting from vibration and differing expansions of the various materials.
The turbine shroud rings of the LP stages are produced in the form of several sectors which are each mounted on a rib of the turbine casing, as indicated for example in document FR 96 00241 in the name of the Applicant company, and held in rotation, generally by collaboration between a first stop borne by the shroud ring and a second stop borne either by the guide vane blade sector situated upstream of this sector of the shroud ring or by the casing. In order for the guide vane or casing stop to be able to reach the shroud ring stop, a cutout or recess is made in the shroud ring, and the guide vane or casing stop extends through this cutout or recess.
In the prior art, this recess takes the form of a cylinder with radial generatrices, of rectangular cross section, the rectangle being open on one side opening toward the guide vane and on the opposite side having rounded corners and a flat bottom. The turbine shroud ring is subjected, during the course of its life, to a succession of heating and cooling sequences, with the heated sector deforming and becoming flatter each time it is heated. Each sector of the shroud ring is therefore subjected to a cycle of stressing which, in the prior art, causes cracks to appear in the region where the rounded corners meet the bottom of the recess. In the known way, it is possible to reduce the level of these stresses by increasing the radius of curvature of these corners, but this technique very soon reaches its limits because of the limited width of the part of the shroud ring in which this recess is cut.
It is an object of the present invention to alleviate these disadvantages by proposing a turbine shroud ring with a recess that does not have some of the disadvantages of the prior art and which, in particular, enjoys improved durability.
To this end, the subject of the invention is a turbine shroud ring sector for a turbomachine intended to be supported at the upstream end by a downstream support of a turbine casing with circular sliding, comprising a first stop able to collaborate with a second stop borne by an element of said turbomachine adjacent to said shroud ring in order to immobilize it circularly, said sector comprising, on an end facing said element, a recess able to allow said second stop to pass to come into contact with said first stop, said recess being cut substantially in the form of a rectangle having, at the bottom of the recess, corners that are rounded in a circular arc of radius r, wherein the bottom of the recess has a convex shape tangential to the circular arcs of the rounded corners and with a curvature that evolves between a radius of curvature r where it meets the rounded corners and a radius of R, greater than the radius r, at a point situated between the two rounded corners.
Switching from a recess bottom in the shape of a rectangle to a bottom in the shape of a basket handle makes it possible to achieve a very appreciable reduction in the level of stresses observed during operation in the region where the rounded corners meet the bottom of the recess.
For preference, the bottom of said recess has at least one circular arc portion of radius R. Alternatively, the bottom of said recess has at least two circular arcs tangential to one another, with radii R1 and R2, both greater than r, R2 being greater than R1, and the circular arc of radius R1 being tangential to the circular arc of radius r of one of the rounded corners.
The improvement consists in pushing the tangent to the point where the corners meet the bottom of the recess as far as possible toward the downstream end of the shroud ring in order to avoid excessively low curvatures which could act as crack initiators.
In one particular embodiment, the bottom of said recess has the shape of two helixes each having a tangent in common with one of the circular arcs of the rounded corners, and the curvature of which varies continuously from the radius r to the radius R.
This configuration constitutes a special version of the previous configuration, with a multiplicity of circular arcs the radii of which are in a constant progression.
For preference, the radius R is greater than the radius r by a factor of at least 5. More preferably still, the radius R is greater than the radius r by a factor of at least 10.
These factors guarantee low operating stresses and a corresponding lack of crack propagation.
The invention also relates to a turbine module for a turbomachine comprising at least one turbine shroud ring sector as described hereinabove and to a turbomachine comprising such a turbine module.
The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent in the course of the following detailed explanatory description of one embodiment of the invention which is given purely by way of nonlimiting illustration with reference to the attached schematic drawings.
In these drawings:
Reference is made to
The root 13 of the guide vane blade 1 is supported, on the upstream side, by an upstream hook-shaped rib 7 extending axially from the casing 3, and on the downstream side by a support 9 formed in the turbine shroud ring 4. The turbine shroud ring 4 has, on the upstream side, an extension in the form of a slot 14, the upper part of the slot running axially to bear against a rib of the casing 3. This rib, which runs axially in the downstream direction of the guide vanes 1, in the form of a downstream hook or support 8, forms an upstream support for the turbine shroud ring. The lower part of the slot 14 forms the support 9 that supports the downstream part of the root 13 of the fixed blade 1.
Reference is made to
In the embodiment of the invention as depicted in
Experiments conducted have demonstrated a very significant reduction in the level of stress, accompanied by the near-disappearance of cracks at the bottom of the recess once the ratio between the radii r and R reaches the value of 5. The improvement is even further enhanced if the radius of curvature R chosen for the bottom of the recess 10 is greater than the radius r it extends by a factor of at least ten. By contrast, this benefit begins to disappear if the ratio becomes higher still (for example of the order of 50).
Alternatively, the basket handle may be created by a succession of adjacent radii of curvature R1, R2, . . . , without being limited in number to two, so as to obtain the greatest possible reduction in the level of stresses observed at the bottom of the recess. This possibility of using, in series, a radius R1, greater than r, followed by a second radius R2 even greater than R1, is of use in creating a cutout which does not penetrate too deeply into the depth of the support 9; it thus becomes possible to keep the greatest possible thickness of metal in the support 9, at the bottom of the recess 10, while at the same time keeping the highest possible radius of curvature where the bottom of the recess meets the rounded corner.
In the extreme, it is possible to increase the number of radii of curvature indefinitely and thus arrive at a helix shape. The bottom of the recess then has the shape of two helixes each starting from one of the corners of the bottom of the rectangle extending the fillet of radius r, and which meet at the center of the bottom of the recess, the radius of curvature at this point being a radius R greater than r.
More generally, the bottom of the recess 10 has a convex shape, having a curvature that evolves between a radius of curvature r equal to that of the rounded corners, where it meets these rounded corners, and a radius R, greater than the radius r, at a point situated between the two rounded corners.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with a number of specific embodiments, it is quite obvious that it is not in any way restricted thereto and that it comprises all technical equivalents of the means described and combinations thereof where these fall within the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 09 50502 | Jan 2009 | FR | national |
