Patent Grant
11306918
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
This disclosure relates generally to a heat transfer mechanism for use on a surface of a component subjected to elevated temperatures in a gas turbine engine and more specifically to aspects of a turbulator configuration for a combustion system.
A gas turbine engine typically comprises a multi-stage compressor coupled to a multi-stage turbine via an axial shaft. Air enters the gas turbine engine through the compressor where its temperature and pressure increase as it passes through subsequent stages of the compressor. The compressed air is then directed to one or more combustors where it mixes with a fuel source to create a combustible mixture. This mixture is ignited in the combustors to create a flow of hot combustion gases. These gases are directed into the turbine causing the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the compressor. The output of the gas turbine engine can be mechanical thrust through exhaust from the turbine or shaft power from the rotation of an axial shaft, where the axial shaft can drive a generator to produce electricity.
The compressor and turbine each comprise a plurality of rotating blades and stationary vanes having an airfoil extending into the flow of compressed air or flow of hot combustion gases. Each blade or vane has a particular set of design criteria which must be met in order to provide the necessary work to the passing flow through the compressor and the turbine.
Combustion liners frequently contain reactions of fuel and air reaching upwards of 4000 deg. F. To prevent melting and/or erosion of the combustion liner, the combustion liner is typically covered with a protective thermal barrier coating on the surface of the liner in direct contact with the hot combustion gases. The benefit obtained by the thermal barrier coating is a function of the composition and coating thickness, but can reduce combustion liner temperature by approximately 160 deg. F. However, a thermal barrier coating alone is not always enough to protect the combustion liner from the hot combustion gases passing therethrough. Active cooling can be incorporated in the form of cooling holes, where air cooler than the hot combustion gases passes therethrough to cool the wall of the combustion liner. Furthermore, cooling air can pass along an outer surface of the combustion liner in order to cool a backside of the combustion liner.
An example of backside cooling techniques is shown in
The present disclosure discloses an improved heat transfer system and process for actively cooling a heated surface, such as that used in conjunction with a combustion liner having a surface requiring active cooling.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a combustion liner comprises a generally annular body having a first cylindrical portion, a conical portion, and a second cylindrical portion. The combustion liner also comprises an inlet end proximate the first cylindrical portion and an outlet end proximate the second cylindrical portion. A plurality of turbulators are located along an outer surface of the first cylindrical portion and the conical portion, where the turbulators have a first side with a first ramp angle, a second side with a second ramp angle, a height, and a base width extending between the first side and the second side.
In an alternate embodiment of the present disclosure, a heat transfer mechanism for a gas turbine component is provided. The heat transfer mechanism comprises a plurality of turbulators located along an outer surface of a body, where the plurality of turbulators each have a base width, a first side with a first ramp angle, a second side with a second ramp angle, where the first side is connected to the second side at a peak having a height. The plurality of turbulators are spaced apart by an axial distance.
In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of providing a heat transfer mechanism is provided. The method comprises providing a body having a surface for the heat transfer mechanism and forming the heat transfer mechanism in the surface of the body. The heat transfer mechanism comprises a plurality of turbulators located along an outer surface of the body where the plurality of turbulators each comprise a first side with a first ramp angle and a second side with a second ramp angle where the first side is connected to the second side at a peak having a height where the peak has a full round tip radius. The plurality of turbulators also have a base with a base width and the plurality of turbulators are spaced apart by an axial distance.
These and other features of the present disclosure can be best understood from the following description and claims.
The present disclosure is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide a basic understanding of some aspects thereof. This summary is not an extensive overview of the application. It is not intended to identify critical elements of the disclosure or to delineate the scope of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented elsewhere herein.
The present disclosure is intended for use in a gas turbine engine, such as a gas turbine engine used for power generation. As such, the present disclosure is capable of being used in a variety of turbine operating environments, regardless of the manufacturer.
As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, a gas turbine engine is circumferentially disposed about an engine centerline, or axial centerline axis. The engine includes a compressor, a combustion section and a turbine with the turbine coupled to the compressor via an engine shaft. As is well known in the art, air compressed in the compressor is mixed with fuel which is burned in the combustion section and expanded in turbine. The air compressed in the compressor is mixed with fuel and the gases are expanded in the turbine. The turbine includes rotors that, in response to the fluid expansion, rotate, thereby driving the compressor. The turbine comprises alternating rows of rotary turbine blades, and static airfoils, often referred to as vanes.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure are depicted in
In an industrial gas turbine engine, compressed air enters the combustion liner 200 through the inlet 210 where the compressed air mixes with fuel from one or more fuel nozzles, where the one or more fuel nozzles are also positioned adjacent the inlet 210. Proximate the outlet 212 and the second cylindrical portion 208 is a sealing mechanism 214 for sealing the outlet 212 of the combustion liner 200 to an adjacent component, such as a transition duct. The sealing mechanism 214 can be a slotted spring seal comprising of a plurality of sheet metal fingers capable of being compressed when a force, such as that from a mating engine component, is applied to the sealing mechanism 214.
Referring now to
More specific details of the turbulators 216 are shown in
In general, the plurality of turbulators 216 are axisymmetric. For example, and as depicted in
The first ramp angle α and the second ramp angle β can also vary depending on the preferred cooling design of the turbulators 216 and combustion liner 200. For the embodiment depicted in
In addition to the specific size and shape of the plurality of turbulators 216, the position of the turbulators 216 can also vary. More specifically, the plurality of turbulators 216 have an axial spacing 230 as measured between centerpoints C of adjacent turbulators 216. For the embodiment depicted in
In an alternate embodiment of the disclosure, a method of providing a heat transfer mechanism is disclosed. The method comprises providing a body having a surface for the heat transfer mechanism and forming the heat transfer mechanism in the surface of the body. The heat transfer mechanism comprises a plurality of turbulators where each turbulator comprises a first side with a first ramp angle and a second side with a second ramp angle, where the first side is connected to the second side at a tip region having a height and a full round tip radius. The plurality of turbulators are spaced apart by an axial distance.
The plurality of turbulators 216 are provided to enhance the heat transfer along a surface subject to high temperature loads. While the turbulators 216 can be located on an outer surface 218, as shown in
The heat transfer mechanism can be incorporated into the surface of the body through a variety of means. For example, in an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of turbulators can be machined into the surface of the body. Alternatively, the plurality of turbulators can be cast into the surface of the body as part of the body itself. In addition, the plurality of turbulators can be separately fabricated and secured to the surface of the body, such as through a brazing process.
One such use of the present disclosure is along an external surface of a combustion liner 200, where the combustion liner 200 is positioned within a flow sleeve 240 and a combustor case 242. The combustion liner 200 and the flow sleeve 240 form a passageway 244 located therebetween and through which air passes (indicated by arrows). The air is directed towards a head end 246 of a combustion system and passes over the plurality of turbulators 216 causing the air to come in contact with a greater surface area of the combustion liner 200 operating at an elevated temperature.
The specific turbulator configuration is determined by maximizing the size of passageway 244 and selecting a height 224 of the turbulator 216 that provides the required level of cooling heat transfer for the airflow and geometry of the passageway 244. The axial spacing 230 is set to minimize pressure loss within the passageway 244 based on the height of the passageway but may be adjusted smaller or larger depending on a streamwise length of the passageway 244.
Although a preferred embodiment of this disclosure has been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this disclosure. For that reason, the following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this disclosure. Since many possible embodiments may be made of the disclosure without departing from the scope thereof, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that this disclosure is one well adapted to attain all the ends and objects hereinabove set forth together with other advantages which are obvious and which are inherent to the structure.
It will be understood that certain features and subcombinations are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features and subcombinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the claims.
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