Patent Application
20130186311
The present invention belongs to a field of solid waste incineration processing technology, in particular relates to a municipal solid waste incinerator or namely a municipal household waste incinerator.
The existing waste processing technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, compost, waste recycling, etc. In these common waste processing technologies, the incineration process has the advantages of reducing the gross of the waste remarkably, being harmless thoroughly, occupying small land, utilizing waste heat and minimizing secondary pollution, etc., which comply with the strategy of sustainable development of our country.
In the existing incineration processes and devices, there are various forms of grate-typed incinerators, the application of which occupies more than 80% of the total amount of waste incineration market all over the world. In one type of incinerator, all grates in the incinerator body are reverse pusher type grates or namely reverse pushing grates, by means of inclining and reversing or namely reverse pushing, the bottom layer waste of material layers moves upward and the upper layer of material layers waste moves downward, the waste is overturned and agitated continuously to fully contact with air, and thus the waste is completely combusted. Meanwhile, because the reverse pushing action of the reverse pusher type grates can prolong the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator correspondingly, in the condition of same treatment capacities, the reverse pusher type grate has a lesser area than the pusher type grate. The existing problems of this type of incinerator are listed as follows: first, for the solid waste or namely the household waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients, etc., the conveying capacity of the reverse pusher type grate to the waste is relatively weak, in particular the bottom layer waste of the material layers in the drying stage is very likely to coagulate into masses or cakes and sticks to surfaces of the grates, and thereby stop moving or move very slowly, and only when the water content in the drying stage gradually decreases, the waste is conveyed forward further. Second, in the drying stage, the bottom layer waste may stick to the surfaces of the grates locally and thereby block primary air holes on the grates and affect air supplying, in particular on dryness, and prolong drying time, delay ignition to combustion of the waste, increase the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process, which will directly affect the incineration process inside the incinerator. Third, because a material pusher continuously feeds material to the incinerator, in the drying stage, the upper layer waste is extruded to be conveyed forward, whereas the bottom layer waste is conveyed relatively slowly, therefore, the moving velocity of the upper layer waste and the bottom layer waste are obviously different.
Additionally, in another type of incinerator, all grates in the incinerator body are pusher type grates or namely forward pushing grates, by means of inclining and pushing or namely forward pushing, the whole material layers of the waste move downward, the grates and the material layers move in the same direction, and by means of height differences between front grates and rear grates or strokes of the grates, the waste is loosened and overturned, and the waste moving forward fully contact with air, and thus the waste is completely combusted. The existing problems of this type of incinerator are listed as follows: first, in order to ensure the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator, the areas of the grates are signed to be larger or the strokes of the grates are designed to be longer, thereby the height or length of the incinerator are increased and the cost is increased. Second, the grates and the waste material layers move in the same direction, when the waste material layers are higher, the relative height difference between adjacent grates is lower or the relative stroke is shorter, the moving waste is almost presented in a state of relatively stationary, thereby a poor effect on agitation and mixture is obtained, and the waste is not fully dried and can not be fully combusted resulting in inefficient combustion and low combustion efficiency, which is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss. Third, meanwhile, prior to be evaporated, the leachate in the waste layers is pushed to flow forward by the grates, thereby the drying time of the waste is increased, all the leachate, which is not gathered in time, is evaporated to be changed into vapor inside the incinerator, which increases the water content in the smoke, thereby affects the incineration process. The waste is delayed of igniting to combustion, thereby the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process is increased and it greatly affects the incineration process. Fourth, the incineration process controls the movement of the grates in a periodically control mode, i.e., the grates move at a certain time and then stop, after the break, the grates continue to move. For the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients etc., the time change on stopping and moving is greater and the process parameters are regulated at relative high frequency. Therefore, the incineration process parameters need to be regulated when the incinerator is used in different regions and the control method also needs to be adjusted correspondingly. Fifth, the grates stop during a part of time in the periodically control mode, if the time is too long, then the grates are likely to be burned out at the lower position of the material layer, whereas the upper position of the material layer is not fully dried and difficult to be completely incinerated, if the time is too short, then it cannot ensure the residence time inside the incinerator, which will result in low combustion efficiency, in both cases, it is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss. Sixth, if the waste incinerator is divided to too many sections, then the complexity of the mechanism is increased, thereby the failure rate and the cost are higher, and it brings a higher requirement for the algorithm of the control system.
Furthermore, there is a grate-typed incinerator with two-section type grates inside the incinerator, wherein a front section adjacent to a hopper includes reverse pusher type grates inclined downwardly, and a rear section adjacent to a slag remover includes pusher type grates. The inclined reverse pusher type grates work in the drying and combustion stage, the horizontal pusher type grates work in the burnout stage, there is a height difference between the two sections, thereby waste loosening and overturning of the waste material layers are realized, the waste conveyed forward fully contacts with air, thereby the waste is completely incinerated. The existing problems of this kind of grate-typed incinerator are listed as follows: first, for the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients, etc., the conveying capacity of the reverse pusher type grates to the waste is weaker, in particular in the process of waste drying, there are the same problems as the whole reverse pusher type grates. Second, in the burnout stage with the pusher type grates, the waste is basically incinerated to clinker, most of which is clinker with a very small size, and with the development of the burnout stage, the clinker content increases until it reaches the requirement of clinker ignition loss, i.e., the movement of the horizontal pusher type grates conveys very small sized clinker, which is very likely to enter into a subjacent primary air chamber through gaps between the grates or primary air holes, thereby the air chamber discharges a plenty of clinker, which is unfavorable to the collection and unified treatment of the clinker. Third, the clinker or ash may enter a movement mechanism part inside the primary air chamber, which will cause severe abrasion wear to kinematic pairs, thereby affect normal operation of the mechanism, and the clinker may gather at a fixed board or a fixed beam, thereby affect the function of the primary air to pass through the material layers and enter into the incinerator to assist the combustion and burnout of the waste.
To sum up, typical reciprocated grate-typed waste incinerators have their respective advantages, but need to solve the following problems and drawbacks in actual application in our country:
1. For the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients, etc., the conveying capacity of the reverse pusher type grates to the waste is relatively weak, in particular in the drying stage, the waste material layer is very likely to coagulate into masses or cakes and sticks to the surfaces of the grates, thereby affects the drying process and the conveyance of the waste;
2. In the reverse pusher type grates, in the drying stage, the bottom layer waste may stick to the surfaces of the grates locally and thereby block primary air holes on the grates, prolong drying time, increase the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator in the whole process, which will directly affect the incineration process inside the incinerator;
3. Because a material pusher continuously feeds material to the incinerator, in the drying stage, the upper layer waste is extruded to be conveyed forward, whereas the bottom layer waste is conveyed relatively slowly, therefore, the moving velocity of the upper layer waste and the bottom layer waste are obviously different;
4. In order to ensure the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator, the areas of the grates are signed to be larger or the strokes of the grates are designed to be longer, thereby the height or length of the incinerator are increased and the cost is increased;
5. The pusher type grates and the waste material layers move in the same direction, when the waste material layers are higher, the relative height difference between adjacent grates is lower or the relative stroke is shorter, the moving waste is almost presented in a state of relatively stationary, thereby a poor effect on agitation and mixture is obtained, the waste is not fully dried and can not be fully combusted resulting in inefficient combustion and low combustion efficiency, which is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss;
6. Prior to being evaporated, the leachate in the waste layers is pushed to flow forward by the pusher type grates, thereby the drying time of the waste is increased, all the leachate, which is not gathered in time, is evaporated to be changed into vapor inside the incinerator, which increases the water content in the smoke, thereby affects the incineration process;
7. For the pusher type grates, the incineration process controls the movement of the grates in a periodically control mode. For the solid waste in our country having the characteristics of high water content and complex ingredients etc., the time change on stopping and moving is greater and the process parameters are regulated at relative high frequency, so the incineration process parameters need to be regulated when the incinerator is used in different regions and the control method also needs to be adjusted correspondingly;
8. The grates stop during a part of time in the periodically control mode, if the time is too long, then the grates are likely to be burned out at the lower position of the material layer, whereas the upper position of the material layer is not fully dried and difficult to be completely incinerated, if the time is too short, then it can not ensure the residence time inside the incinerator, which will result in low combustion efficiency, in both cases, it is difficult to meet the requirement of clinker ignition loss;
9. If the waste incinerator is divided to too many sections, then the complexity of the mechanism is increased, thereby the failure rate and the cost are higher, and it brings a higher requirement for the algorithm of the control system;
10. In the burnout stage with the pusher type grates, the waste is basically incinerated to clinker, most of which is clinker with a very small size, and with the development of the burnout stage, the clinker content increases until it reaches the requirement of clinker ignition loss, i.e., the movement of the horizontal pusher type grates conveys very small sized clinker, which is very likely to enter into a subjacent primary air chamber through gaps between the grates or primary air holes, thereby the air chamber discharges a plenty of clinker, which is unfavorable to the collection and unified treatment of the clinker.
Furthermore, the clinker or ash may enter a movement mechanism part inside the primary air chamber, which will cause severe abrasion wear to kinematic pairs, thereby affect normal operation of the mechanism, and the clinker may gather at a fixed board or a fixed beam, thereby affect the function of the primary air to pass through the material layers and enter into the incinerator to assist the combustion and burnout of the waste.
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention or the object of the present invention is to provide a two-section type waste incinerator, so as to realize sufficiently drying as well as complete combustion and burnout of the whole waste material layers and ensure the desired waste incineration effect and ignition loss.
The present invention thus provides a technical solution as follows: a two-section type waste incinerator comprising an incinerator body, a material pusher, a primary air chamber, a lateral girder, a fixed beam, a fixed grate-piece, a movable beam and a movable grate-piece, wherein a slag removing port is provided at a tail portion of the bottom end of the incinerator body, a material feeding bunker and a smoke outlet are provided at a front portion and a rear portion of a top end of the incinerator body respectively, a material push platform is provided under the material feeding bunker, the material pusher is provided above the material push platform, the fixed beam which is mounted on the lateral girder passes through grooves provided at tail portions of the fixed grate-pieces positioned in the same row to form a fixed grate-plate, the movable beam which is mounted on a lever or namely a rod passes through grooves provided at tail portions of the movable grate-pieces positioned in the same row to form a movable grate-plate, the movable grate-plate and the fixed grate-plate are overlapped front and back and arranged with an interval to be assembled into a grate, heads of the grate-pieces are all provided with primary air holes, the key points of the invention lie in:
A. The grate is divided into two sections from a high point to a low point, i.e., an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is a pusher type section or namely a forward pushing section and the lower section is a reverse pusher type section or namely a reverse pushing section, all heads of the grate-pieces on the pusher type section face toward a low point of the grate, and all heads of the grate-pieces on the reverse pusher type section face toward a high point of the grate;
B. Each movable beam on the same section of the grate is equipped with left and right levers disposed side by side. The left and right levers are supported by a supporting roller device respectively and are connected to the movable beam to form a lever frame, and an end of the lever frame is connected to a front swing arm driving mechanism or a lateral swing arm driving mechanism or a front straight driving mechanism.
Advantageously, the two-section type waste incinerator has at least one of the following technical features:
C. An independent primary air chamber is provided under each of the pusher type section and the reverse pusher tape section, each primary air chamber has a shape of trumpet, which is larger at an upper part and smaller at a lower part;
D. Secondary air supplying holes are provided on a front arch and a back arch of the incinerator body, and an ignition combustion-supporting hole is provided on the back arch of the incinerator body;
E. Wedge grooves are provided between the lateral girder and a wrapped steel sheet of the incinerator body and between the material push platform and the wrapped steel sheet of the incinerator body, each wedge groove is filled with fireproof sealing filler, and the groove opening of the wedge groove is sealed by a U-shaped or corrugated buffering hot expansion pressure plate.
Based on the three stages, that is, a drying stage, a combustion stage and a burnout stage or namely an incineration stage of the waste subjected on the grate, the present invention schemes out an independent two-section type grate consisting of a drying section grate as well as a combustion and burnout section grate, each section has an independent driving mechanism, which is convenient for controlling the residence time of material layers of each section, so as to realize the moving process control of the whole waste material layers and continuous agitation and mixture, and thus improve the mixture and disturbance between the waste and air, which is favorable to dryness and combustion and can ensure the waste-transport reliability and the technical effect of incineration. A single-column type grate-system, a double (two)-column type grate-system, a triple-column type grate-system, a fourfold-column type grate-system and so on can be used, depending on the difference in waste-transport capacity of grate-system inside the incinerator, so as to form a series of two-section type waste incinerator. For small-sized cities or ‘satellite’ cities around the central city, small-sized incinerators comprising a single-column type grate-system or a double (two)-column type grate-system and other devices can be used, and combined with small-sized incinerator process control, the small-sized incinerators can efficiently realize the incineration process of the waste and reduction and recycle treatment, this type of incinerator is so called ‘low-level’ grate incinerator. For big or medium-sized cities, big-sized incinerators comprising a triple-column type grate-system or a fourfold-column type grate-system and so on and other devices can be used, similarly, combined with big-sized incinerator process control, the big-sized incinerators can efficiently realize the incineration process of the waste and reduction and recycle treatment, this type of incinerator is so called ‘high-level’ grate incinerator. By using different incinerators in different cities, the problem that the cities and villages and towns are surrounded with waste can be solved, plenty of solid waste produced by residents of villages and towns can be treated and the waste which was land filled can be dug out and incinerated, so as to reduce the occupation of plowland and waste of resources, realize reduction and recycle, and satisfy sustainable development between human and nature by long-term operation.
An end of the material push platform is coupled with the forefront end of the drying section grate with a great height difference to ensure that the waste can fall on the pusher drying section grate to be shattered completely. For the drying section grate, in order to ensure the waste-transport effect of the grate and complete mixture and agitation of the waste and prevent ineffective waste-transport of the grate or gathering into a mass or cake when the waste is dried and combusted, the whole grate is a pusher-type grate, the heads of the grate-pieces face toward a low end of the whole grate. For the combustion and burnout section grate, the whole grate is a reverse pusher type grate, the heads of the grate-pieces face toward a high end of the whole grate, which is helpful to the control effect of increasing the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator and completely mix and agitate the waste, thereby ensure the waste-transport reliability and incinerating technical effect of the combustion and burnout section. The left and right levers of the pusher type section and the reverse pusher type section are connected to the movable beams to form lever frames, which have high structural strength and can ensure the synchronization of the motion of each movable grate plate of the grate on the same section. The lever is supported by the supporting roller device, which can reduce the resistance to the motion of the lever, improve the operation reliability and stability of the grate-system, and increase the service life.
Independent primary air chambers are provided under both the drying section grate and the combustion and burnout section grate respectively, which can control the moving velocity of the waste on the grate, air flow and pressure of each air chamber independently, and the number and structure of the air chamber can be adjusted according to the requirements of the incineration process. Combining with the positions of the waste on the drying section grate and combustion and burnout section grate, and by selecting secondary air supplying position, angle on the incinerator housing and other accessorial processes, the techniques parameters on the secondary air supplying and so on can be independently controlled, so as to realize fully drying and complete combustion and burnout of the whole waste material layers and ensure the desired waste incineration effect and ignition loss.
A pre-drying air chamber is provided under the material push platform and a gathering port is provided at a lower end of the pre-drying air chamber, an upper end of the pre-drying air chamber has a shape of trumpet, which is larger at an upper part and smaller at a lower part, and a hot air supplying port is provided on the sidewall of the trumpet. Exhaust with waste heat of the waste after incineration treatment is fed into the pre-drying air chamber through the hot air supplying port and is blew to the material push platform, it treats the waste on the material push platform through primary pre-heating and drying, the waste after pre-heating and drying treatment is fed into the two-section type grate inside the incinerator, thus it can shorten the dryness time on the drying section, reduce water content in the waste and increase the incineration heat-value of the waste. A lower end of the pre-drying air chamber has a function of gathering the leachate leaking from the material push platform, which is favorable to the comprehensive treatment of the leachate. When the waste treating capacity is invariable, the length of the drying section grate can be shortened or the primary air volume can be reduced. Besides, it can make full use of the smoke waste heat, which has been treated by a smoke purifying system, the heat of the system is recycled and the additional energy consumption is reduced.
An angle between a horizontal plane and an inclined plane formed by connection lines of heads of the grate-pieces on the pusher type section is in a range of 0-18°, and an angle between a horizontal plane and a movement plane of the movable grate-pieces on the pusher type section is in a range of 0-60°, and the stroke of the movable grate-pieces is on the pusher type section is in a range of 200-400 mm. Alternatively, the angle between the horizontal plane and the inclined plane formed by connection lines of heads of the grate-pieces on the pusher type section is in a range of 18-30°, and the angle between the horizontal plane and the movement plane of the movable grate-pieces on the pusher type section is in a range of 0-60°, and the stroke of the movable grate-pieces on the pusher type section is in a range of 400-500 mm.
The angle between the horizontal plane and the inclined plane formed by connection lines of heads of the grate-pieces on the pusher type section is called a pusher overall inclined angle α, and the pusher-type with a small inclined angle or a large inclined angle can be chosen based on different characters of the waste in various cities zones. In the zone of the waste with low water content, the angle α can be set to a small inclined angle in a range of 0-18° and the grate-pieces can be disposed in a staggered manner by a structure type without head, wherein when the angle α is equal to 15°, a back inclined angle of the grate-piece in reference to the horizontal plane is also equal to 15°, which is called a “counter-angle” pusher type grate. In the zone of the waste with higher water content, the angle α can be set to a large inclined angle in a range of 18-30° and the grate-pieces can be disposed in a staggered manner by a structure type with head and a structure type without head, wherein when the angle α is equal to 30°, the back inclined angle of the grate-piece in reference to the horizontal plane is 0°, which is called a “zero-angle” pusher type grate. The stroke of the drying section pusher type grate can be selected to be a long-stroke in a range of 400-500 mm or a short-stroke in a range of 200-400 mm, different control velocities and algorithm are chose for the long-stroke and the short-stroke, so as to realize the mixture and agitation of the waste on the drying section. By integrating and assembling the overall inclined angle of the grate on the drying section, structure type of the heads and stagger disposition of the grate-pieces, and combining the stroke and control mode, so as to realize the technique character process of the whole drying section, thereby ensure the waste-transport reliability and the technical effect of incineration in the drying section.
In order to further improve the agitating effect on the waste, the head of each grate-piece on the pusher type section is provided with a fin, the fins of the heads of all grate-pieces on the pusher type section form a toothed matrix structure laterally arranged.
An angle between a horizontal plane and an inclined plane formed by connection lines of the heads of the grate-pieces on the reverse pusher type section is in a range of 20-35°, and an angle between a horizontal plane and a movement plane of the grate-pieces on the reverse pusher type section is in a range of 25-60°, and the stroke of the grate-pieces on the reverse pusher type section is in a range of 350-500 mm. For the grate on the combustion and burnout section, the whole grate is a reverse pusher type grate and the heads of the grate-pieces face toward a high end of the whole grate. The angle between the horizontal plane and the inclined plane formed by connection lines of the heads of the grate-pieces on the reverse pusher type section, called as a reverse pushing overall inclined angle β, is in the range of 20-35°, and the stroke of the grate is set to be a long-stroke in the range of 350-500 mm, which is favorable to the control effect of increasing the residence time of the waste inside the incinerator and completely mix and agitate the waste, thereby ensure the waste-transport reliability and the technical effect of incineration in the combustion and burnout section.
Head-bosses of two adjacent grate-pieces in the same row of grate-plates on the reverse pusher type section are staggered transversally, forwardly and backwardly, and front ends of each row of grate-pieces are flush with each other. The primary air holes provided on heads of two adjacent grate-pieces in the width direction are also staggered transversally, forwardly and backwardly. As a result, it has a function of obviously disturbing, cutting and mixing the longitudinal and transverse waste and increasing the instability of the waste on the grate, at the same time, it is favorable to the fixed connection between the grate-pieces in the same row. The front ends of the grates are flush with each other and each grate-piece is subjected to uniform force, and each row of movable grate-plates can operate smoothly and steady.
In order to simplify the structure and be convenient for installation and arrangement, and further improve the reliability and stability of the reciprocating motion of the levers, the supporting roller device comprises a supporting roller shaft and a supporting roller bearing seat, each end of the supporting roller shaft is supported by the supporting roller bearing seat, and the supporting roller shaft supports a corresponding lever. A guide wheel is provided on each side of the lever.
The pusher type section and the reverse pusher type section mentioned above are driven independently and respectively. The present invention provides three kinds of drive mechanism, i.e., a lateral swing arm driving mechanism, a front swing arm driving mechanism and a front straight driving mechanism, which can be used in any permutation and combination. The front swing arm driving mechanism comprises a driving cylinder, a driving cylinder seat, a driving shaft, a driving bearing seat, a lever swing arm, a linkages and a lever arm, wherein the body of the driving cylinder is hinged to the driving cylinder seat, a piston rod of the driving cylinder is connected to a cylinder swing arm of the driving shaft, an end portion at each end of the driving shaft is supported by the driving bearing seat, the lever swing arm is provided at the position adjacent to an end portion on each end of the driving shaft, each lever swing arm is hinged to a lever arm by a linkage, the lever arm is connected to a corresponding lever frame. The piston rod of the driving cylinder drives the driving shaft to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise at a certain angle when the piston rod of the driving cylinder extends or retracts, while the driving shaft rotates, the lever arm is driven by the linkage connected to the lever swing arm to cause the lever frame to drive the movable grate-plates to perform a reciprocating movement.
The lateral swing arm driving mechanism comprises a driving cylinder, a driving cylinder seat, a swing arm, a driving shaft, a driving bearing seat, a lever swing arm and a linkage, wherein the body of the driving cylinder is hinged to the driving cylinder seat, a piston rod of the driving cylinder is hinged to one end of the swing arm, the other end of the swing arm is connected to an end of the driving shaft, each end of the driving shaft is supported by the driving bearing seat, two lever swing arms are provided on the driving shaft side-by-side, each lever swing arm is connected to a corresponding lever frame by a linkage. The piston rod of the driving cylinder drives the driving shaft to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise at a certain angle through the swing arm when the piston rod of the driving cylinder extends or retracts, while the driving shaft rotates, the lever frame is driven by the linkage connected to the lever swing arm to cause the lever frame to drive the movable grate-plates to perform a reciprocating movement.
The front straight driving mechanism comprises a driving cylinder, a driving cylinder seat and a straight driving linkage, wherein the body of the driving cylinder is hinged to the driving cylinder seat, a piston rod of the driving cylinder is hinged to one end of the straight driving linkage, the other end of the straight driving linkage is connected to a corresponding lever frame. When the piston rod of the driving cylinder extends or retracts, the lever frame is driven directly by the straight driving linkage, and the lever frame drives the movable grate-plates to perform a reciprocating movement.
The driving mechanism of the pusher type section is disposed at the forefront end, that is, under the material pusher device of the incinerator, there is a few of equipments. For the waste with higher water content, there is more leachate, which is likely to corrode the device components. In this case, the front swing arm driving mechanism or the front straight driving mechanism can be used so as to better solve the problem on the leachate and reduce the corrosion of the device components. For the waste with lower water content, there is a little leachate, which is less likely to corrode the device components. In order to improve the compactness of the device, the lateral swing arm driving mechanism can be used. However, the reverse pusher type section grate is arranged on the combustion and burnout section, which belongs to a high temperature zone with higher temperature and is located at the center-rear part of the grate, the installation space is restricted to a certain extent, at the same time, in order to improve the compactness of the device, the lateral swing arm driving mechanism or the front swing arm driving mechanism can be used.
To sum up, the above three types of the driving mechanism can be combined randomly, and there are three preferred disposition modes. Mode one: a pusher driving mechanism is provided at the forefront end, which applies a front swing arm driving type mechanism, a reverse pusher driving mechanism is provided at a lateral side of the reverse pusher type grate, which applies a lateral swing arm driving type mechanism. Mode two: a pusher driving mechanism is provided at the forefront end, which applies a front straight driving type mechanism, a reverse pusher driving mechanism is provided at the forefront end of the reverse pusher type grate, which applies a front swing arm driving type mechanism. Mode three: both the pusher driving mechanism and the reverse pusher driving mechanism apply a lateral swing arm driving type mechanism, in particular in the reverse pusher-type combustion and burnout section, for the grate driving mechanisms with lateral swing arm driving type, two sets of lateral swing arm driving mechanism can be provided at the lateral sides of the reverse pusher type grate, or a front swing arm driving mechanism is combined with a lateral swing arm driving mechanism, so as to improve the maneuverability of the grate process parameters. The disposition types mentioned above bring the grate-system with independent driving mechanisms so that the residence time of the waste in each section can be controlled conveniently, so as to realize the moving process control of the whole waste material layers, improve the mixture and agitation of the waste and air by continuously agitating and mixing and be helpful for drying and combusting, which ensures the waste-transport reliability and the technical effect of incineration. For a series of two-section type waste incinerator, the above mentioned single column type system and double (two) columns type system are suitable to ‘low-level’ grate-system of a small-sized incinerator, the driving mechanism for each of the pusher type grate and the reverse pusher type grate can be the lateral swing arm driving mechanism, the front swing arm driving mechanism or the front straight driving mechanism. The triple columns type system and the fourfold columns type system and so on are suitable to ‘high-level’ grate-system of a big-sized incinerator, The driving mechanism for the pusher type grate can be the lateral swing arm driving mechanism, the front swing arm driving mechanism or the front straight driving mechanism, the driving mechanism for the reverse pusher type grate can be the front swing arm driving mechanism or the front straight driving mechanism, but the lateral swing arm driving mechanism can only be used for the two columns of grates at outermost sides.
A height difference exists between the pusher type section and the reverse pusher type section, the tail end of the pusher type section is couple to the reverse pusher type section through a fireproof transition platform or an intermediate grate. After conveyed by the pusher drying section, the waste material layers are further shattered, mixed and rotated by falling through the height difference, the continuity of the waste layers on the plane of the whole grate is destroyed, which is helpful for completely drying and improving the combustion effect, and is suitable for the waste with high water content and remarkable difference on the waste characters.
In order to simplify the structure and be convenient for installation and disposition, the lever is a straight-line type or Z-shaped lever, the fixed beam is a M-shaped or Chinese character shaped beam.
The invention has the following advantageous effects: the present invention combines the technique process of feeding the waste into the incinerator and three main stages of dryness, combustion and burnout subjected by the waste on the grate, and schemes out a solid waste incinerator comprising a material push portion, a two-section type grate-system, primary air chambers and secondary air supplying devices, which is helpful for feeding the waste continuously and evenly, controlling the moving velocity of the waste on the grate independently at the two sections, independently controlling air flow and air pressure and the technique parameters of secondary air supplying at each air chamber, and smoke detection sampling holes are provided for analysis and detection, so as to realize the technical effect of sufficient dryness, complete combustion and burnout of the whole waste material layers and ensure desired waste incineration effect and ignition loss. At the same time, the incinerator need spare parts with fewer specifications, can use wearing parts with better interchangeability, and can be manufactured and maintained in a cost effective manner.
The present invention is hereinafter further described with reference to the accompanying drawing and the embodiments.
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As shown in shaped beam (sometimes referred to as a box beam), and passes through grooves provided at tail portions of the fixed grate-pieces 3 positioned in the same row to form a fixed grate-plate, an end of the fixed beam 2 is fixed to the corresponding girder 1. The movable beam 4 passes through grooves provided at tail portions of the movable grate-pieces positioned in the same row to form a movable grate-plate. The movable grate-plate and fixed grate-plate are overlapped front and back and arranged with an interval to be assembled into a pusher type grate. Heads of the fixed grate-piece 3 and the movable grate-piece 5 are all provided with primary air holes.
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As shown in
In the present invention, a single column type grate-system, a double (two) columns type grate-system, a triple-column type grate-system, a fourfold-column type grate-system and so on can be used, depending on the difference in waste-transport capacity of the grate-system inside the incinerator, so as to form a series of two-section type waste incinerator. The driving mode of the pusher type section and the reverse pusher type section of the grate-system can be selected freely from the front swing arm driving mechanism, the lateral swing arm driving mechanism or the front straight driving mechanism according to the requirement. The double (two)-column type grate-system as shown in
The whole grate-system uses the grate-piece (fixed type and movable type) as a basic unit and staggerly adds fixed grate-pieces and movable grate-pieces in the moving (longitudinal) direction of the waste, i.e. the length of a single column of grate can be increased. Similarly, it can add fixed grate-pieces and movable grate-pieces in the transverse direction of the incinerator, i.e. the width of a single column of grate can be increased, finally an independent single column of two-section type waste incinerator comprising a pusher type drying section grate and a reverse pusher type combustion and burnout section grate is formed. For double (two) or more columns of grates, the two adjacent columns of grates on the same section are connected to each other by an intermediate beam. The length of the drying section grate and the combustion and burnout section grate can be altered and the width of a single column of grate-system can be determined according to the basic data (for example, water content or ingredients etc.) of the solid waste, then the number of the columns of the grate-system can be determined according to the total amount of the waste to be incinerated. Each column of grate in the drying section and the combustion and burnout section adopts an independent air chamber, and the temperature and pressure are controlled independently. The driving mechanism for each section of the grate-system is provided outside of the air chamber and is in a state of normal temperature, which is able to ensure normal use of sealing elements and increase the service life, thereby ensure that the moving parts of the driving mechanism are well lubricated, so that the movable grate-plates fixed on the lever can operate steadily. The incinerator need spare parts with fewer specifications, can use wearing parts with better interchangeability, and can be manufactured and maintained in a cost effective manner.
To sum up, the present invention combines the positions of the waste on the grate in the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section and the treatment ability of the incinerator, adjusts the position and angle of secondary air supplying on the incinerator housing and etc. and the number of the secondary air ports. The present invention can improve oxygen content for the waste incinerated on the grate and ensure that the volatile in the incinerator can perform more complete chemical reaction and attain incineration technology objective and ensure that various chemical ingredients of the smoke can meet the discharge standards. The pre-heating device provided outside of the incinerator body is communicated with the hearth through the ignition combustion-supporting hole, and by the pre-heating device, incinerator dryness and ignition before incinerating the waste gain benefits. The smoke detection sampling holes provided at the incinerator smoke outlet can sample the outlet smoke and analyze it and acquire the waste smoke ingredients, content, pressure, temperature, flow and other technique parameters to control the primary air, the secondary air, the desulphurization system, the major air-guiding system, etc., which is helpful for the stabilization the waste inside the incinerator and sufficient incineration control.
The present invention combines the process of feeding the waste into the incinerator and the three main stages of dryness, combustion and burnout of the waste on the grate, and schemes out a solid waste incinerator comprising a material push portion, a two-section type grate-system, a primary air chamber and a secondary air supplying device, which is helpful for feeding the waste continuously and evenly, controlling the moving velocity of the waste on the grate independently at the two sections, independently controlling the air flow and air pressure and the technique parameters of the secondary air supplying at each air chamber, thereby realize the sufficient dryness and complete combustion of the whole waste material layers and ensure the desired waste incineration effect and ignition loss.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201010268376.2 | Sep 2010 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2011/079056 | 8/29/2011 | WO | 00 | 4/8/2013 |
