Two-step finger follower rocker arm

Abstract

A two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly including a follower body having a socket at a first end for engaging a hydraulic lash adjuster and a pad at an opposite end for engaging a valve stem. A passage through the follower body in the direction of actuation by an engine cam is slidingly receivable of a slider member for variably engaging a central high-lift lobe. A lost-motion spring urges the slider member into contact with the central lobe. A latch member driven by a piston selectively locks the slider member to the follower body, causing the follower to follow the motion of the central cam lobe. When the latch member is disengaged, the slider member slides within the follower body, allowing lateral rollers to follow lateral cam lobes. The lateral rollers may be supported on the body by a rotatable cross-shaft or a fixed cross-shaft, or by a pair of fixed stub shafts, or by a pair of fixed bearing races.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to mechanisms for altering the actuation of valves in internal combustion engines; more particularly, to finger follower type rocker arms having means for changing between high and low or no valve lifts; and most particularly, to a two-step finger follower type rocker arm having a slider member disposed in a finger follower body for sliding motion in the direction of lift between high and low positions and having a locking pin operative in an orthogonal bore in the finger follower body for latching and unlatching the slider member and the finger follower body to shift between high lift and low lift modes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Variable valve activation (VVA) mechanisms for internal combustion engines are well known. It is known to be desirable to lower the lift, or even to provide no lift at all, of one or more valves of a multiple-cylinder engine, especially intake valves, during periods of light engine load. Such deactivation can substantially improve fuel efficiency.

Various approaches have been disclosed for changing the lift of valves in a running engine. One known approach is to provide an intermediary cam follower arrangement which is rotatable about the engine camshaft and is capable of changing both the valve lift and timing, the cam shaft typically having both high-lift and low-lift lobes for each such valve. Such an arrangement can be complicated and costly to manufacture and difficult to install onto a camshaft during engine assembly.

Another known approach is to provide a deactivation mechanism in the hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) upon which a cam follower rocker arm pivots. Such an arrangement is advantageous in that it can provide variable lift from a single cam lobe by making the HLA either competent or incompetent to transfer the motion of the cam eccentric to the valve stem. A shortcoming of providing deactivation at the HLA end of a rocker arm is that, because the cam lobe actuates the rocker near its longitudinal center point, the variation in lift produced at the valve-actuating end can be only about one-half of the extent of travel of the HLA deactivation mechanism.

Still another known approach is to provide a deactivation mechanism in the valve-actuating end of a rocker arm cam follower (opposite from the HLA pivot end) which locks and unlocks the valve actuator portion from the follower body. Unlike the HLA deactivation approach, this approach typically requires both high-lift and low-lift cam lobes to provide variable lift.

It is a principal object of the present invention to provide a simplified variable valve lift apparatus.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an increased range of motion between a high lift and a low lift position of an engine valve.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Briefly described, a two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly in accordance with the invention includes an elongate, rigid follower body having a socket at a first end for engaging a conventional hydraulic lash adjuster as a pivot means, and having an arcuate pad at a second and opposite end for engaging a valve stem or lifter means. A passage through the follower body in the direction of actuation by an engine cam lobe is slidingly receivable of a slider member for variably engaging a central cam lobe, preferably a high-lift lobe. In a first embodiment, a transverse bore in the follower body intersects the passage. A slot is provided in the slider member, and an elongate pin extends through the bore in the body and through the slot in the slider member such that the maximum length of travel of the slider member in the passage is limited by the length of the clearance between the pin and the slot. In the first embodiment, the shaft is rotatably mounted in the body bore; in a second embodiment, the shaft is fixedly mounted in the body bore. In a third embodiment, the slider does not have a slotted passage, and follower body does not have a transverse bore but rather is provided with stub shafts extending from the follower body in the same locations as the bores in the first embodiment. In a fourth embodiment, the stub shafts are modified as inner bearing races. In all four embodiments, outboard of the follower body, the pin, stub shaft, or races are provided on either side of the body with first and second identical lateral roller followers for variably engaging first and second lateral cam lobes, preferably low-lift lobes, flanking the central cam lobe. A lost-motion spring urges the slider member into contact with the central lobe, and the hydraulic lash adjuster urges the lateral rollers into contact with the lateral lobes when the slider member is unlatched. A transverse locking pin can selectively engage and lock the slider member to the follower body such that the follower follows the motion of the central cam lobe. When the locking pin is disengaged from the slider member, the member slides within the follower body, allowing the lateral rollers to engage and follow the lateral lobes. Preferably, the central lobe is a high-lift lobe and the lateral lobes are low-lift lobes. Preferably, the locking pin is provided as a pre-assembled cartridge unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an isometric view from the front of a first embodiment of a two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded isometric view of the rocker arm assembly shown in FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is an isometric view from above of the rocker arm assembly shown in FIG. 1 , the slider member being omitted for illustration;

FIG. 4 is an elevational cross-sectional view of the rocker arm assembly shown in FIG. 1 , installed schematically in an internal combustion engine and having the associated valve closed, the locking pin unlocked, and the slider member on the base circle portion of the central cam lobe;

FIG. 5 is an elevational cross-sectional view like that shown in FIG. 4 , showing the locking pin still unlocked, the lateral roller followers on the nose of the lateral cam lobes, and the valve opened to a low-lift position;

FIG. 6 is an elevational cross-sectional view like that shown in FIG. 4 , showing the locking pin in locked position in the slider member, the nose of the central cam lobe on the slider member, and the valve opened to a high-lift position;

FIG. 7 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a locking pin assembly in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 8 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a locking pin assembly, showing a cartridge pin subassembly having a piston extension for mechanical actuation of the locking pin;

FIG. 9 is a view like that shown in FIG. 8 , showing a cartridge pin subassembly without the piston extension, as would be configured for hydraulic actuation of the locking pin;

FIG. 10 is an elevational cross-sectional view of a two-step finger follower in accordance with the invention, including the cartridge pin subasssembly shown in FIG. 8 , the pin and slider member being in the unlocked position;

FIG. 11 is an elevational cross-sectional view like that shown in FIG. 10 , showing the pin and slider member in the locked position;

FIG. 12 is an exploded isometric view of a second embodiment, similar to first embodiment in FIG. 2 but taken from an opposite direction;

FIG. 13 is an exploded isometric view of a third embodiment; and

FIG. 14 is an exploded isometric view of a fourth embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 6 and 12 , a first embodiment 10 of a two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly in accordance with the invention includes a follower body 12 having a first end 14 having means for receiving the head of a hydraulic lash adjuster 16 for pivotably mounting assembly 10 in an engine 18 . The receiving means is preferably a spherical socket 20 , as shown in FIGS. 4-6 . A second and opposite end 22 of follower body 12 is provided with a pad 24 , preferably arcuate, for interfacing with and actuating a valve stem 26 of gas valve 27 . Body 12 is provided with a passage 28 therethrough between socket 20 and pad 24 , passage 28 being generally cylindrical and having sliding surface 29 for slidably receiving a partially-cylindrical mating portion 30 of a slider member 32 having a longitudinal slot 33 therein. Body 12 is further provided with a first bore 34 transverse of passage 28 , ending in bosses 36 for receiving roller bearings 38 for rotatably supporting a shaft 40 extending through bore 34 and slot 33 to slidably retain slider member 32 in passage 28 . First and second lateral follower rollers 42 a,b are mounted on opposite ends, respectively, of shaft 40 .

Slider member 32 further includes an actuating portion 44 having an arcuate outer surface 46 for engaging a central cam lobe 48 of an engine camshaft 47 . Portion 44 extends toward first and second ends 14 , 22 of 12 to define, respectively, a latching surface 49 and a spring seat 50 . Second end 22 is provided with a well 52 for receiving a lost-motion spring 54 disposed between end 22 and spring seat 50 (spring 54 shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 - 14 but omitted from the other drawings for clarity).

First end 14 is further provided with a latching mechanism 56 for engaging and locking slider member 32 at its most outward extreme of motion in passage 28 . Mechanism 56 comprises a stepped second bore 58 in body 12 and having an axis 60 intersecting passage 28 , preferably orthogonally, bore 58 being preferably cylindrical.

Referring to FIGS. 4 through 7 , a first embodiment 57 of latching means in mechanism 56 includes a piston 62 biased outwards in bore 58 by a return spring 64 and extending toward slider member 32 to support a latch member 66 which may slide along a slide surface 68 in body 12 . Bore 58 is closed by a plug 70 , forming a hydraulic chamber 72 in communication via passage 74 with socket 20 . Pressurized oil may be supplied to chamber 72 in known fashion from HLA 16 , upon command from an engine control module (not shown), to cause piston 62 to become hydraulically biased toward slider member 32 . When such biasing occurs, to overcome the counter-bias of return spring 64 , arcuate surface 46 being engaged on the base circle portion 76 of central cam lobe 48 , latch member 66 is urged axially into latching and locking engagement with latching surface 49 . As shown in FIG. 6 , when cam lobe 48 rotates to engage nose portion 78 with surface 46 , valve stem 26 is actuated from a zero lift position 80 to a high lift position 82 .

Still referring to FIGS. 4 through 6 , central cam lobe 48 is flanked by first and second lateral cam lobes 84 (only one visible in FIGS. 4-6 ) for selectively engaging first and second lateral follower rollers 42 a,b , respectively. When the engine control module determines, in known fashion from various engine operating parameters, that a low-lift condition is desired, oil pressure below a switching threshold is supplied to chamber 72 , allowing return spring 64 to again bias piston 62 and associated latch member 66 away from slider member 32 . When cam lobe 48 rotates to place surface 46 on base circle portion 76 again, piston 62 unlatches latch member 66 and slider member 32 is again free to slide in passage 28 . When the camshaft again rotates to place nose 78 on surface 46 , member 32 is depressed into body 12 , allowing noses 86 on lateral cam lobes 84 to be engaged by rollers 42 a,b , as shown in FIG. 5 , thus displacing valve stem 26 from zero lift position 80 to a low-lift position 88 . As long as oil pressure is withheld from chamber 72 , latching mechanism 56 remains disengaged from slider member 32 , and assembly 10 functions as a low-lift rocker.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7 , latch member 66 includes flatted bottom surface 67 for slidable engagement with flatted portion 69 of slider surface 68 . Thus, when latch member 66 is in position to lock slider member 32 , the downward force exerted on the slider member is supported vertically by latch member 66 and slider surface 68 and is not translated torsionally through piston 62 .

Of course, it will be seen by those of skill in the art that the dimensions of the lateral cam lobes and lateral follower rollers may be configured to provide any desired degree of lift to valve stem 26 in a range between positions 80 and 88 .

Referring to FIGS. 8 through 11 , a second embodiment 90 is shown for a latching mechanism 56 in accordance with the invention. Embodiment 90 comprises a latching cartridge 92 which may be inserted into bore 58 and which is preferably and conveniently pre-assembled as a subassembly, thereby greatly simplifying the overall assembly of follower 10 . Cartridge 92 includes a body 94 , preferably tubular and closed at outer end 96 and sized to be press-fitted into bore 58 , thereby eliminating the need for plug 70 . Preferably, body 94 is constricted 98 to separate piston 62 ′ from end 96 , thereby providing a hydraulic chamber 72 ′ within the cartridge. Constriction 98 is perforated 100 to allow hydraulic communication with passage 74 and socket 20 . Body 94 is partially closed at inner end 102 to retain return spring 64 ′ and provide guidance for piston 62 ′ in driving latch member 66 ′ into ( FIG. 11 ) and out of ( FIG. 10 ) engagement with latching surface 49 .

Referring to FIG. 8 , a variation 92 ′ of cartridge 92 is provided with a piston extension 104 slidably extending through outer end 96 for engagement by mechanical or electromechanical actuation means (not shown), for example, a conventional solenoid actuator, in place of the previously-discussed hydraulic actuation.

Referring to FIG. 12 , second embodiment of a two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly 10 ′ is similar to first embodiment 10 as shown in FIG. 1 . However, in embodiment 10 , shaft 40 is rotatably supported in body 12 by shaft bearings 38 . In embodiment 10 ′, shaft 40 ′ is press fit into transverse bore 34 ′. Bearings 38 ′ are disposed on shaft 40 ′ outboard of body 12 ′ and rotatably support first and second lateral follower rollers 42 a ′ and 42 b ′ which are held onto shaft 40 ′, for example, by press-fit retainers 45 . Thus, in embodiment 10 , the rollers are pressed onto the shaft and the shaft rotates in the body, whereas in embodiment 10 ′ the shaft is pressed into the body and the rollers turn on the shaft, both configurations being to the same effect of permitting the rollers to follow lateral cam lobes 84 .

Referring to FIG. 13 , in a third embodiment 10 ″, transverse bore 34 or 34 ′ is omitted, and shaft 40 or 40 ′ is replaced by first and second stub shafts 40 ″ secured to and extending from the sides of body 12 ″ in the same relative location as the bores and shafts of the first two embodiments. Preferably, each stub shaft is disposed for rigidity in a shallow well 41 formed in the side of body 12 ″ and is attached to body 12 ″ as by welding. Further assembly is substantially identical with that of embodiment 10 ′. Bearings 38 ′ are disposed on stub shafts 40 ″ outboard of body 12 ″ and rotatably support first and second lateral follower rollers 42 a ′ and 42 b ′ which are held onto stub shafts 40 ″, for example, by press-fit retainers 45 .

Referring to FIG. 14 , in a fourth embodiment 10 ′″, the stub shafts 40 ″ of embodiment 10 ″ are replaced by larger-diameter bearing races 40 ′″ fixed to the sides of body 12 ′″ for supporting bearings 38 ″. Use of races instead of stub shafts desirably increases the permissible number of bearings, thus improving the load-carrying capabilities of the lateral follower rollers. In the examples afforded by embodiments 10 ″ and 10 ′″ as shown, the number of roller bearings on each side is increased from 12 to 20. Lateral follower rollers 42 a ″, 42 b ″ have larger inner diameters than rollers 42 a ′, 42 b ′ and are rotatably supported as outer races by rollers 38 ″. Races 40 ′″ are provided with central recesses 51 for press-fittedly receiving a central boss 53 extending from retainers 45 ′. The resulting arrangement functions to the same effect as in embodiments 10 , 10 ′, and 10 ″ of permitting the lateral follower rollers to follow lateral cam lobes 84 .

Of course, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the fixed bearing races 40 ′″ shown in FIG. 14 as inner races can be configured as outer races, and the lateral follower rollers 42 a ′, 42 b ′ may be provided with inner races, within the scope of the invention.

While the invention has been described by reference to various specific embodiments, it should be understood that numerous changes may be made within the spirit and scope of the inventive concepts described. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but will have full scope defined by the language of the following claims.

Claims

1. A two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly for variably activating a gas valve in an internal combustion engine having a camshaft having a central lobe and at least one lateral lobe, comprising:a) a follower body having means for engaging said engine at a first end of said body and having means for engaging a valve stem of said gas valve at a second end of said body and having a passage formed in said body between said first end and said second end; b) a slider member slidably disposed in said passage and having an outer surface for engaging said central lobe of said camshaft, and having a latching surface; c) at least one lateral follower roller disposed for rotation outside said follower body for engaging said at least one lateral lobe of said camshaft; and d) latching means disposed in said follower body for latching said slider member to said body via said latching surface to engage said outer surface of said slider with said central lobe to provide a first rocker assembly mode having a first valve lift capability, and for unlatching said slider member from said body to engage said lateral follower roller with said lateral camshaft lobe to provide a second rocker assembly mode having a second valve lift capability.

2. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said body includes a first bore orthogonally transverse of said passage, said slider includes an elongate slot, and a shaft is disposed in said first bore and through said slider slot for rotatably supporting said at least one lateral follower roller outside said follower body.

3. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 2 wherein said shaft is rotatably mounted in said first bore.

4. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 3 further comprising bearing means disposed between said shaft and said follower body.

5. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 2 wherein said shaft is fixedly mounted in said first bore.

6. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 5 further comprising bearing means disposed between said shaft and said at least one lateral follower roller.

7. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said camshaft includes a second lateral lobe and wherein said assembly further comprises a second lateral follower roller disposed for rotation outside said follower body for engaging said second lateral lobe of said camshaft.

8. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said body is supportive of an at least one stub shaft fixedly attached to an outer surface thereof for rotatably supporting said at least one lateral follower roller.

9. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 8 further comprising bearing means disposed between said at least one stub shaft and said at least one lateral follower roller.

10. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said body is supportive of an at least one bearing race fixedly attached to an outer surface thereof for rotatably supporting said at least one lateral follower roller.

11. A rocker arm assembly in accordance with claim 10 further comprising bearing means disposed between said at least one bearing race and said at least one lateral follower roller.

12. A multiple-cylinder internal combustion engine having a camshaft having a central lobe and at least one lateral lobe, the engine comprising:a two-step finger follower rocker arm assembly for variably activating a gas valve, including a follower body having means for engaging said engine at a first end of said body and having means for engaging a valve stem of said gas valve at a second end of said body and having a passage formed in said body between said first end and said second end, a slider member slidably disposed in said passage and having an outer surface for engaging said central lobe of said camshaft, and having a latching surface, at least one lateral follower roller disposed for rotation outside said follower body for engaging said at least one lateral lobe of said camshaft, and latching means disposed in said follower body for latching said slider member to said body to engage said outer surface with said central lobe to provide a first rocker assembly mode having a first valve lift capability, and for unlatching said slider member from said body to engage said lateral follower roller with said lateral camshaft lobe to provide a second rocker assembly mode having a second valve lift capability.