Patent Grant
9429067
The present invention relates to a two-stroke engine, and in particular to a technology for varying the timing of opening and closing a scavenging port.
A two-stroke engine typically includes a scavenging port that communicates with the crank chamber and opens out at a side wall of the cylinder bore so that a mixture containing fuel is supplied from the crank chamber to the cylinder bore via the scavenging port, and this flow displaces or scavenges the combustion gas remaining in the cylinder out of the combustion chamber at the same time. The scavenging port is opened and closed depending on the position of the piston that reciprocates in the cylinder bore such that the scavenging port communicates with the combustion chamber defined above the piston when the piston is near the bottom dead center, and is shut off from the combustion chamber when the piston is away from the bottom dead center.
In such a two-stroke engine, it is known to provide a flow guide such as louver fins adjacent to the scavenging openings at the cylinder bore wall in order to create a circumferential component in the scavenging flow. The circumferential component may also be varied by changing the angle of the flow guide. See JP63-183323U. By thus directing the scavenging flow in the circumferential direction, a swirl flow of the mixture is created in the cylinder bore.
However, this prior proposal is not configured to change the timing of opening and closing the scavenging port. If the timing of opening and closing the scavenging port can be varied, the volume of the mixture that is supplied to the combustion chamber and the amount of the internal EGR can be varied depending on the operating condition so that the output and efficiency properties of the engine can be improved over a wide operating range.
In view of such problems of the prior art, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a two stroke engine that can vary the timing of opening and closing the scavenging port by using a highly simple structure.
To achieve such an object, the present invention provides a two-stroke engine including a piston slidably received in a cylinder bore defined in a cylinder block, a combustion chamber being defined by the cylinder bore and the piston, comprising: a scavenging port having an open end opening out at a part of a cylinder wall defining a side of the cylinder bore, the open end communicating with the combustion chamber when the piston is near a bottom dead center thereof; and a shutter provided on the cylinder wall so as to selectively project into the open end from an upper edge thereof by moving along an axial line of the cylinder bore.
By thus changing the effective position of the upper edge of the opening of the scavenging port by using the shutter, the opening and closing timing of the scavenging port can be changed.
Typically, the shutter comprises a tubular portion disposed so as to be axially moveable in a coaxial relationship with the cylinder bore.
Thereby, even when the scavenging port is provided with a plurality of individual open ends on the side of the cylinder bore, the single tubular portion can open and close all of the open ends at the same time. Also, guiding the tubular member in parallel orientation with the cylinder axial line can be simplified, as compared with a plate member provided for each individual open end. Therefore, the timing of opening and closing each open end can be precisely controlled in a stable manner.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder bore is defined by a cylinder sleeve, and the open end of the scavenging port comprises a scavenging orifice passed across a thickness of the cylinder sleeve, the tubular portion being wrapped around the cylinder sleeve in an axially slidable manner.
Thereby, the mounting of the tubular portion on the cylinder bore and the guiding of the tubular portion along the cylinder axial line are facilitated.
According to a certain aspect of the present invention, a part of the cylinder block surrounding the scavenging port is provided with a recess defining a passage leading to the scavenging orifice.
Thereby, the scavenging port can be formed by using a highly simple structure.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, an annular recess is formed on a part of an outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve provided with the scavenging orifice, and the tubular portion closely surrounds a bottom surface of the annular recess in an axially slidable manner.
Thereby, the upper limit and the lower limit of the movement of the tubular portion along the cylinder axial line can be defined by the upper and lower edges (walls) of the annular recess without requiring any additional stopper members.
According to a certain embodiment of the present invention, the tubular portion includes a projection received in the scavenging orifice and defining the cylinder bore jointly with the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve.
Thereby, when the tubular portion is closing a part of each scavenging orifice, substantially no gap is created between the piston (or the compression ring thereof) and the inner wall of the cylinder bore so that the scavenging port can be closed without any significant leakage when the piston is in a position to close the scavenging orifice, and the opening and closing timing of the scavenging port can be determined in a precise manner.
The shutter can be actuated by using any per se means. For instance, the shutter may further include a rack extending axially on an outer surface of the tubular portion, and a pinion rotatably supported by the cylinder block and meshing with the rack. The pinion may be turned by using an electric motor which is controlled by an electronic control unit according to the operating condition of the engine.
Now the present invention is described in the following with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
The present invention is described in the following with respect to a uni-flow type, single cylinder, two-stroke engine (engine E).
Referring to
As best shown in
The crankshaft 8 includes a pair of journals 11 that are rotatively supported by the first bearings B1, respectively, a pair of crank webs 12 extending radially from middle parts of the crankshaft 8, a crankpin 13 extending between the two webs 12 radially offset from and in parallel with the axial line 8X of the crankshaft 8, and a pair of extensions 14 extending coaxially from the outer ends of the journals 11 out of the crankcase 2. Each crank web 12 is formed as a circular disk defining a larger radius than the outer profile of the crankpin 13 so as to serve as a flywheel that stabilizes the rotation of the crankshaft 8 without substantially splashing the lubricating oil in the crank chamber 2a.
Each extension 14 of the crankshaft 8 extends out of the crankcase 2 via a through hole 15 formed in the side wall 7S of the corresponding crankcase half 7. The outer side of each ball bearing B1 is fitted with a seal S1 to ensure an air tight seal of the crank chamber 2a. As shown in
The lower valve case 17 is cylindrical in shape with an open outer axial end, and internally defines a lower valve chamber 18. The opening of the outer end of the lower valve case 17 is closed by a valve chamber lid 19. The outer axial end of the lower valve case 17 is provided with an annular seal groove 17a so that the valve chamber lid 19 may be joined to the opening of the lower valve case 17 in an air tight manner via a second seal member S2 received in the seal groove 17a.
The right end of the crankshaft 8 seen in
As shown in
The trigonal link 20 includes a pair of plates 20d that are joined by the tubular portion 20a in a mutually parallel relationship, and a pair of connecting pins (a first connecting pin 20b and a second connecting pin 20c) fixedly passed between the two plates 20d. These connecting pins 20b and 20c and the crankpin 13 form three pivot points that are arranged in a line at a substantially same interval with the crankpin 13 located in the middle.
The first connecting pin 20b located on the side of the cylinder axial line 3X is pivotally connected to a big end 21a of a connecting rod 21 via a third bearing B3. A small end 21b of the connecting rod 21 is pivotally connected to a piston 22 slidably received in the cylinder bore 3a via a piston pin 22a and a fourth bearing B4.
A pivot shaft 23 is fixedly provided in a lower part of the crankcase 2, on the side remote from the first connecting pin 20b. The rotational center lines of the pivot shaft 23 and the three pivot points (20a, 20b and 20c) are all in parallel to one another. As shown in
The engine E is thus provided with a multiple link mechanism 30 which includes the trigonal link 20 and the swing link 25 in addition to the connecting rod 21. The multiple link mechanism 30 converts the linear reciprocating movement of the piston 22 into a rotational movement of the crankshaft 8. The dimensions and positions of the various components of the multiple link mechanism 30 are selected and arranged such that a prescribed compression ratio selected for the properties of the particular fuel may be achieved. The compression ratio is selected such that the pre-mixed mixture may self-ignite in an appropriate manner. The fuels that may be used for this engine include gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, gas (utility gas, LP gas and so on), etc.
Owing to the use of the multiple link mechanism 30, for the given size of the engine E, the piston stroke L can be maximized so that a larger part of the thermal energy can be converted into kinetic energy, and the thermal efficiency of the engine E can be improved. More specifically, as shown in part (A) of
In this engine E, the trajectory T of the big end 21a of the connecting rod 21 is vertically elongated, instead of being truly circular, as shown in (A) and (B) of
As shown in
An intake port 32 is formed by a tubular extension of the crankcase 2 extending obliquely upward adjacent to the cylindrical recess 31 in the upper part of the crankcase 2. The intake port 32 is fitted with a reed valve 33 that permits the flow of air from the intake port 32 to the crank chamber 2a, and prohibits the flow of air in the opposite direction. The reed valve 33 includes a base member 33a consisting of a wedge shaped member having a pointed end directed inward and a pair of openings defined on either slanted sides thereof, a pair of valve elements 33b mounted on the base member 33a so as to cooperate with the openings thereof and a pair of stoppers 33c placed on the backsides of the valve elements 33b so as to limit the opening movement of the valve elements 33b within a prescribed limit. The reed valve 33 is normally closed, and opens when the piston 22 moves upward and the internal pressure in the crank chamber 2a thereby drops.
To the outer end of the intake port 32 is connected a throttle body 34 so as to define an intake passage 34a extending vertically as a smooth continuation of the intake port 32. A throttle valve 34b is pivotally mounted on a horizontal shaft for selectively closing and opening the intake passage 34a. A fuel injector 35 is also mounted on the throttle body 34 with an injection nozzle 35a thereof directed into a part of the intake passage 34a somewhat downstream of the throttle valve 34b. The axial line of the fuel injector 35 is disposed obliquely so as to be directed to the reed valve 33, and fuel is injected into the intake passage 34a in synchronism with the opening of the reed valve 33. The upstream end of the throttle body 34 is connected to an L shaped intake pipe 36 including a vertical section connected to the throttle body 34 and a horizontal section extending away from the cylinder block 3.
Four stud bolts 38 are secured to the upper side of the crankcase 2 and extend upward around the cylinder bore 3a at a regular interval as can be seen from
As shown in
The cylinder sleeve 42 is provided with a constant inner diameter over the entire length thereof except for the lower end thereof which is chamfered, and the cylinder bore 3a is defined by an inner circumferential surface 42a of the cylinder sleeve 42. The outer diameter of the cylinder sleeve 42 is also constant over the entire length thereof except for the lower end thereof which is reduced in diameter over a certain length and a part adjacent to the upper end thereof which is provided with the radial flange 42b defining an annular shoulder surface abutting the annular shoulder 41a to determine the axial position of the cylinder sleeve 42 relative to the cylinder block 3. The upper end of the cylinder sleeve 42 is flush with the upper end surface of the cylinder block 3, and the cylinder sleeve 42 is provided with a somewhat greater vertical dimension than the cylinder block 3 so that the lower end of the cylinder sleeve 42 projects out of the lower end of the cylinder block 3 into the cylindrical recess 31 of the crankcase 2.
A pair of scavenging orifices 42c which are identically shaped and dimensioned are formed on either side of the cylinder sleeve 42, and arranged 180 degrees apart about the cylinder axial line 3X at a same elevation. As shown in
As shown in
The upper wall 70b of the annular recess 70 is located higher than the upper edge 42d of the scavenging orifices 42c, and the lower wall 70c of the annular recess 70 is located intermediate between the upper edge 42d and the lower edge 42e of the scavenging orifices 42c. In other words, the scavenging orifices 42c straddle across the lower wall 70c of the annular recess 70 so that an upper half of each scavenging orifice 42c opens out at the bottom surface 70a of the annular recess 70 and the lower half of each scavenging orifice 42c opens out at the part of the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve 42 located below the annular recess 70.
As shown in
The scavenging orifices 42c, the cylindrical recess 31 and the corresponding annular recess 3b jointly form a scavenging port 43 that communicates the crank chamber 2a and the cylinder bore 3a with each other. In particular, the scavenging orifices 42c defining the open end of the scavenging port 43 on the side of the cylinder bore 3a. The upper end of the annular recess 3b is defined by a curved wall surface curving toward the cylinder bore 42 as one moves upward so that the mixture flowing upward through the annular recess 3b may be smoothly guided to the scavenging orifices 42c on the side part of the cylinder bore 3a.
As shown in
The tubular portion 74 of the shutter 73 is received in the annular recess 70 of the cylinder sleeve 42 in a coaxial relationship to the cylinder sleeve 42 (cylinder bore 3a). The inner circumferential surface of the tubular portion 74 is in close contact with the bottom surface 70a of the annular recess 70 in a mutually slidable manner. The axial length (width) of the tubular portion 74 is somewhat smaller than the distance between the upper wall 70b and the lower wall 70c (the width) of the annular recess 70 so that the tubular portion 74 is moveable along the cylinder axial line 3X within the annular recess 70. The upper and lower limits of this movement are defined by the upper wall 70b and the lower wall 70c of the annular recess 70, respectively. Therefore, the tubular portion 74 is moveable along the cylinder axial line 3X within the annular recess 70 within a prescribed range.
As shown in
A pinion 78 is rotatably supported by the cylinder block 3 via a pinion shaft 81, and meshes with the rack teeth 75a of the rack 75. The cylinder block 3 is formed with a cavity 79 to receive the pinion 78 therein, and the cylinder block 3 is formed with a corresponding external bulge 82 to create the space for the pinion 78 without increasing the overall size of the cylinder block 3. As shown in
In
Therefore, when the shutter 73 moves downward along the cylinder axial line 3X from the upper most position, the lower edge 74b of the tubular portion 74 passes the upper edge 42d of the scavenging orifices 42c, and projects into the scavenging orifices 42c so as to define a new upper edge of the opening of the scavenging port 43 at the cylinder bore, this new opening being narrower than that defined by the scavenging orifices 42c. In other words, when the position of the shutter 73 is changed along the cylinder axial line 3X, the timing of starting the communication between the scavenging port 43 and the combustion chamber 44 (the part of the cylinder bore 3a defined above the piston 22) or the opening timing of the scavenging port 43 during the downward stroke of the piston 22, and the timing of ending the communication between the scavenging port 43 and the combustion chamber 44 (the part of the cylinder bore 3a defined above the piston 22) or the closing timing of the scavenging port 43 during the upward stroke of the piston 22 can be changed. By changing the opening timing and the closing timing of the scavenging port 43, the duration of the open state of the scavenging port 43 or the open period can be changed.
As shown in
The cylinder head 4 is further provided with an exhaust port 46 opening out at the top end of the combustion chamber 44 and a plug hole for receiving a spark plug 47 therein. In the illustrated embodiment, the spark plug 47 is normally activated only at the time of starting the engine to ignite the mixture in the combustion chamber 44. The exhaust port 46 is provided with an exhaust valve 48 consisting of a poppet valve to selectively close and open the exhaust port 46. The exhaust valve 48 includes a valve stem which is slidably guided by the cylinder head 4 at an angle to the cylinder axial line 3X, and the stem end of the exhaust valve 48 extends into the upper valve chamber 6 containing a part of the valve actuating mechanism 50 for actuating the exhaust valve 48 via the stem end thereof.
The valve actuating mechanism 50 includes a valve spring 51 that resiliently urges the exhaust valve 48 in the closing direction (upward), an upper rocker shaft 53 supported by a block 52 provided on the cylinder head 4 and an upper rocker arm 54 rotatably supported by the upper rocker shaft 53. The upper rocker shaft 53 extends substantially perpendicularly to the crankshaft 8, and the upper rocker arm 54 extends substantially in parallel to the crankshaft 8. One end of the upper rocker arm 54 is provided with a socket 54a engaging the upper end 55a of the pushrod 55, and the other end of the upper rocker arm 54 is provided with a tappet adjuster 54b consisting of the screw which engages the stem end of the exhaust valve 48. The upper end 55a of the pushrod 55 is given with a semi-spherical shape, and the socket 54a of the rocker arm 54 receives the upper end 55a of the pushrod 55 in a complementary manner, allowing a certain sliding movement between them.
As shown in
Because the crankshaft 8 is offset from the cylinder axial line 3X (
The valve actuating mechanism 50 further comprises a cam 61 carried by the part of the crankshaft 8 extending into the lower valve chamber 18, a lower rocker shaft 63 supported by the side wall 7S of the crankcase 2 and the valve chamber lid 19 in parallel with the crankshaft 8 and a lower rocker arm 64 pivotally supported by the lower rocker shaft 63 for cooperation with the cam 61. In other words, one of the extensions 14 of the crankshaft 8 (the right end thereof in
As shown in
The engine E described above operates as described in the following at the time of start-up. Referring to
The piston 22 then undergoes a downward stroke, and because the reed valve 33 is closed at this time, the mixture in the crank chamber 2a is prevented from flowing back to the throttle valve 34b, and compressed. During the downward stroke of the piston 22, before the piston 22 opens the scavenging port 43, the exhaust valve 48 actuated by the valve actuating mechanism 50 according to the cam profile of the cam 61 opens the exhaust port 46. Once the piston 22 opens the scavenging port 43, the compressed mixture is introduced into the cylinder bore 3a (combustion chamber 44) via the scavenging port 43. The combustion gas in the combustion chamber 44 is displaced by this mixture, and is expelled from the exhaust port 46 while part of the combustion gas remains in the combustion chamber 44 as EGR gas. The valve opening timing of the exhaust valve 48 is determined such that the amount of the EGR gas remaining in the combustion chamber 44 is great enough for the self-ignition of the mixture to take place owing to the rise in the temperature of the mixture in the combustion chamber 44 under compression with the increase in the amount of the EGR gas.
When the piston 22 undergoes an upward stroke once again, the piston 22 closes the scavenging port 43, and, thereafter, the exhaust valve 48 actuated by the first cam 61 closes the exhaust port 46. As a result, the mixture in the cylinder bore 3a (combustion chamber 44) is compressed while the crank chamber 2a is depressurized, causing the mixture to be drawn thereinto via the reed valve 33. Once the engine E is brought into a stable operation, the mixture is self-ignited as the piston 22 comes near the top dead center, and the combustion gas created by the resulting combustion pushes down the piston 22.
The engine E thus performs a two-stroke operation. In particular, spark ignition using the spark plug 47 is required at the time of start up, but once the engine starts operating in a stable manner, a two-stroke operation based on a homogeneous charge compression ignition is performed. The scavenging flow from the scavenging port 43 to the exhaust port 46 via the cylinder bore 3a is guided along a relatively straight path, or the so-called “uni-flow scavenging” can be achieved.
The engine E described above allows the opening timing, the closing timing and the open period of the scavenging port 43 to be adjusted owing to the provision of the shutter 73. As the lower edge 74b of the tubular portion 74 of the shutter 73 defines the upper edge of the open end of the scavenging port 43 on the side of the cylinder bore 3a, the displacement of the shutter 73 along the cylinder axial line 3X changes the timing of the upper end of the piston 22 passing the lower edge 74b of the tubular portion 74, and hence the open timing and the closing timing of the scavenging port 43. A certain gap corresponding to the thickness of the cylinder sleeve 42 is created between the outer circumferential surface of the piston 22 and the inner circumferential surface of the tubular portion 74, but the cross sectional area of the this gap is so small as compared to the cross sectional area of the scavenging port 43 that the effect of this gap on the communication state between the combustion chamber 44 and the scavenging port 43 is not significant.
By changing the opening timing, the closing timing and the open period of the scavenging port 43, the amount of the mixture that is delivered to the combustion chamber 44 from the scavenging port 43 and the amount of the internal EGR that remains in the combustion chamber 44 can be adjusted. For instance, when the opening timing is delayed while the closing timing is advanced, thereby decreasing the opening period, the supply of the mixture into the combustion chamber 44 can be reduced, and the amount of the internal EGR can be increased. The position control for the shutter 73 in changing the opening timing, the closing timing and the open period of the scavenging port 43 can be performed in a continuous manner depending on the load condition and other operating conditions of the engine which may be determined by the engine rotational speed and the depression of the accelerator pedal.
The tubular portion 74 of the shutter 73 is coaxial with the cylinder bore 3a and the cylinder sleeve 42, and is moveable with respect to the cylinder bore 3a in the direction of the cylinder axial line 3X. Therefore, even when there are a plurality of scavenging orifices 42c around the cylinder bore 3a, the single shutter 73 can open and close all of the scavenging orifices 42c. The shutter 73 is subjected to radial loadings from the mixture that passes through the scavenging orifices 42c and the mixture compressed in the cylinder bore 3a, but because the tubular portion 74 is annular and surrounds the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve 42, the shutter 73 is prevented from deflecting in any direction, and can open and close the scavenging orifices 42c in a favorable and stable manner.
Because the tubular portion 74 of the shutter 73 is received in the annular recess 70 formed in the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve 42, the upper limit and the lower limit of the movement of the shutter 73 along the cylinder axial line 3X can be defined without requiring any special stopper members or stopper features.
A second embodiment of the present invention is described in the following with reference to
The part of the tubular portion 74 corresponding to each scavenging orifice 42c is provided with a thick-walled portion defining a projection 90 projecting into the scavenging orifice 42c, and the inner surface 90a of the projection 90 defines an inner circumferential surface continuous with the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder sleeve 42. In other words, the projection 90 defines a part of the cylinder wall surface defining the cylinder bore 3a such that the oil ring and the compression ring fitted in the outer circumference of the piston 22 slides along the inner surface 90a of the projection 90.
According to the second embodiment of the present invention, even when the wall thickness of the cylinder sleeve 42 is significant, no radial gap is created between the shutter 73 (tubular portion 74) and the piston 22. Therefore, when the upper end of the piston 22 is located below the upper edge 42d of the scavenging orifices 42c, and above the lower edge 74b of the tubular portion 74, communication between the combustion chamber 44 and the scavenging port 43 can be shut substantially completely.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments thereof, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that various alterations and modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. For instance, the shutter 73 included the tubular portion 74 for closing the scavenging orifices 42c in the foregoing embodiments, but may also consist of a plurality of plate members that are provided so as to correspond to the individual scavenging orifices 42c.
A rack and pinion mechanism consisting of the rack 75 and the pinion 78 was used for moving the shutter 73 along the cylinder axial line 3X in the foregoing embodiment, but any other per se known arrangement such as those using electromagnetic force can also be used.
The tubular portion 74 of the shutter 73 was received in the annular recess 70 so that the upper and lower limits of the axial movement of the shutter 73 may be limited by the upper and lower walls of the annular recess 70 in the foregoing embodiments, but it is also possible to eliminate the lower wall 70c (or have the bottom surface 70a to extend to the lower edge of the cylinder sleeve 42). This simplifies the assembling of the tubular portion 74 into the annular recess 70.
The contents of the original Japanese patent application on which the Paris Convention priority claim is made for the present application as well as the contents of the prior art references mentioned in this application are incorporated in this application by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013-269845 | Dec 2013 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5000133 | Kawamura | Mar 1991 | A |
| 5072699 | Pien | Dec 1991 | A |
| 7017535 | Araki et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1 471 228 | Oct 2004 | EP |
| 63-183323 | Nov 1988 | JP |
| H05-280321 | Oct 1993 | JP |
| H06-159068 | Jun 1994 | JP |
| 7-324626 | Dec 1995 | JP |
| 2009-115099 | May 2009 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| Office Action dated Jun. 14, 2016, issued in counterpart to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-269845, with English translation. (7 pages). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150184579 A1 | Jul 2015 | US |
