The invention relates to a two-stroke engine which has an exhaust outlet on the cylinder, with a silencer arranged on the exhaust outlet, which silencer comprises a first and second chamber which are connected to the exhaust outlet and through which an exhaust gas generated in the cylinder can flow, wherein the first chamber is designed so that it is largely closed, and the exhaust gas can be guided through the second chamber through the exhaust outlet into the open air.
It is generally known that devices are used on the two-stroke engine to reduce or avoid a damaging post-escape of an unburned fuel-air mixture. At too low an exhaust gas back-pressure too much fresh gas escapes into the exhaust system connected in series to the two-stroke engine, and at too high an exhaust back-pressure too little fresh gas reaches the engine cylinder. The two-stroke engine may be constructively designed so that at high speeds a high exhaust gas back-pressure is generated, but this is not achieved at low speeds. Here a method is known for matching the gas vibrations within a very close speed range (resonance speed) so that the damaging post-escape is reduced and the degree of filling improved.
According to DE-OS 29 27 521, a two-stroke internal combustion engine is known with a main outlet port arranged in the cylinder and an additional outlet port above the main outlet port. The additional outlet port is constructed so that it can be controlled by means of a control mechanism. This ensures that the outlet cross-section can be controlled according to the operating conditions, so that both high peak outputs are possible with a large outlet cross-section, and a wide speed range is possible due to a speed- and load-dependent reduction in the outlet cross-section. Furthermore, DD-PS 2 28 57 discloses a two-stroke internal combustion engine in which a resonance chamber is connected to and disconnected from the outlet duct. Control is speed- and load-dependent by means of a piston loaded by the exhaust gas pressure of the outlet duct. In the lower load range the resonance chamber is constantly connected because it produces improved effects therein. On the other hand, the resonance chamber is disconnected in the upper load range with the aid of the rising exhaust gas pressure, thereby preventing output losses. The disadvantage is that the devices described are very expensive to design.
According to DE 562 560 a two-stroke internal combustion engine is described which has exhaust slots controlled by the cylinder. The exhaust slots are in this case divided into sub-ducts by the installation of several thin plates, wherein the partial flows are dispersed separately through pipes. Vibrations, pressure fluctuations and disturbing noises may therefore be reduced. However, the risk of unburned fuel-air mixture being discharged into the pen air cannot unfortunately be avoided.
DE-PS 570 510 discloses an internal combustion engine with a silencer, wherein separate spaces, the first of which is closed, are associated with the swept volume of the cylinder by the movement of the piston inside the cylinder. In this case the silencer has a closed and throttled space leading to the open air, which spaces are added one after the other to the swept volume, thereby enabling silencing to be achieved by suitable matching of the relative sizes of the spaces to each other. Unfortunately this device requires a large design space, and cannot always be used effectively in the area of two-stroke internal combustion engines.
For a general understanding reference is also made to DE 1 174 579 A1 and DE 199 56 157 A1.
The object of this invention is to provide a two-stroke engine in which the disadvantages mentioned are avoided, and with which, in particular, a simple, compact unit is formed which at the same time largely avoids a damaging post-escape.
To achieve this objective a two-stroke engine is proposed with the characteristics of Claim 1. Preferred further developments are described in the dependent claims.
For this purpose provision is made according to the invention for the exhaust outlet to be constructed with fastening means on which is detachably arranged a partition which guides some of the exhaust gas into the first chamber and some into the second chamber. Unlike the two-stroke engines of prior art, this invention is characterised in particular in that it is of simple construction and can be assembled at low cost. The partition is preferably secured by a positive and/or non-positive connection in the exhaust gas outlet, through which the exhaust gas formed in the cylinder is guided into the silencer without requiring expensive connecting elements and/or processes. Moreover, the partition may also be detached quickly, e.g. for maintenance work on the two-stroke engine. A further advantage is that differently designed silencers may be arranged on the two-stroke engine. The only important condition here is that the partition arranged on the silencer is reliably retained by fastening means.
The partition may on the one hand be connected integrally to the silencer. In a further possible design of the invention the partition may be secured to the side of the silencer facing the cylinder, as an additional component. During the operation of the two-stroke engine some of the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas outlet into the first chamber, which acts as a buffer chamber.
The working stroke of the internal combustion engine is not impeded by the exhaust gas flowing into the buffer chamber. If the piston reaches the partition during its downward movement with the upper piston edge, the exhaust gas still present in the combustion chamber can escape into the silencer and can be discharged into the open air. As soon as the buffer chamber reseals toward the cylinder during the subsequent compression stroke of the pistons, the remaining exhaust gas still present in the buffer chamber can escape through the opening arranged between the buffer chamber and silencer into the silencer, and reduce the pressure in the buffer chamber.
Here it is particularly advantageous for the opening arranged between the buffer volume and the silencer to be arranged in the region of the connecting pipe between the cylinder and buffer volume.
The other advantage of this invention is that the “exhaust gas post-treatment” just described can easily be added to existing two-stroke engines without incurring high costs. It is only necessary to arrange the corresponding fixing means in the region of the exhaust gas outlet.
In an alternative design the silencer may of course consist of several buffer chambers, in which case the buffer volume and stroke volume may be similarly dimensioned, for example. It is also possible to vary the volume ratio according to certain technical requirements. It has been demonstrated that the two-stroke engine according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in hand-guided working implements.
Provision is also made, according to the invention, for the fixing means for the partition to be designed as grooves which are arrange don the lateral wall of the exhaust outlet. The exhaust outlet suitably has two grooves which run in opposite directions to one another. The partition is inserted in the grooves which reliably retain the lateral regions of the partition in the installed position. Here the grooves guarantee that the partition cannot be disturbed by any vibrations and that a defined installation position can be reached. To ensure that the partition is reliably retained in the grooves, the groove width is suitably adapted to the thickness of the partition.
A further measure for improving the invention provides that the partition terminates at a certain distance from the combustion space of the cylinder. Stop elements may be provided on the groove, for example, for this purpose. In one possible design the groove runs from the side facing the silencer along the lateral wall of the exhaust outlet, which is advantageously designed as a duct, and terminates at a certain distance from the combustion space of the cylinder. This design protects the cylinder, with pistons, from any damage resulting from a partition projecting too widely into the combustion space.
For structural reasons it may be advantageous for the fixing means to be designed as projections which project into the exhaust gas outlet duct, onto which are pushed the partition, for example. The partition suitably consists of a metal and is preferably designed as an elastic, thin plate. To achieve good fixing of the plate it is adapted to the shape of the projections in its lateral regions. In one possible design, the lateral region of the plate is U-shaped. Obviously other geometrical design alternatives are conceivable for the projection and the lateral region of the plate.
According to a possible further development of the invention it is proposed that the fixing means be designed as a hole into which the partition can be secured by twisting or snapping into position. The hole alone also services, in this design, as the exhaust gas outlet duct which provides a satisfactory retention of the partition because of its geometry. After the partition is inserted in the hole, at a suitable angle, merely twisting the partition about the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas outlet duct is required for the partition to clamp with its lateral region against the hole wall. The hole is preferably provided with stop surfaces with which the partition remains in contact when fixed.
According to an advantageous design of the invention provision may be made for the plate to remain under a certain initial tension inside the exhaust outlet, e.g. for reliable retention of the in order to prevent the plate from vibrating during operation of the two-stroke engine.
Provision may also be made, according to the invention, for two separating plates to be incorporated in the grooves, these plates being clamped against each other and lying one upon the other roughly in the shape of an arc.
In a further possible design of the invention suitable initial tension may also be generated by allowing the grooves to assume a slightly arc-shaped course along the extension of the exhaust outlet. When the partition is pushed into the arc-shaped groove it is simultaneously being and is therefore put under an initial tension. Alternative geometric groove courses, such as a wave-shaped design, are also possible.
A further measure to improve the invention provides that a catalytic converter for exhaust treatment is arranged in the first and/or second chamber, thus enabling the pollutants from the two-stroke engine to be considerably reduced.
The exhaust inlet cross-section on the first chamber may vary in design, according to the engine operating points, in order to improve the buffer action at certain operating points. In this case the cross-section of the opening of the first chamber can be achieved by means of a throttle valve actively connected to a servomotor, which uses the motor speed or motor load as a reference value, for example.
Further advantages, characteristics and details of the invention may be deduced from the following description, in which embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. Here the characteristics mentioned in the claims and in the description may be essential to the invention either individually or in any combination. In a purely diagrammatic representation:
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The two-stroke engines 100 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 correspond essentially to two-stroke engine 100 shown in
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In another possible design exhaust outlet 11 is provided with a hole 18 which is shown by way of example in
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IN
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Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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20 2005 005 328.7 | Apr 2005 | DE | national |