Patent Application
20240356220
The information provided in this section is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
The present disclosure relates to antennas and more particularly to ultra wide band antennas.
Vehicles use telematics systems to support wireless telecommunications and information processing. Examples include cellular communications, global positioning system (GPS) navigation, integrated hands-free cell phones, wireless safety communication, vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, autonomous driving systems, etc.
The telematics systems transmit and receive data as the vehicle is driven on the road. To facilitate wireless connectivity, the vehicles include one or more antennas that are connected to transmitters and/or receivers of the telematics systems. Examples of antennas that may be used include mast antennas and shark fin antennas. Various sub-systems in the telematics systems transmit and receive on multiple different frequency bands. Ultra wide band (UWB) antennas may be a good candidate for cellular applications.
Manufacturers attempt to create cost-effective, fuel-efficient vehicles with attractive styling. Some antenna designs are typically not desirable from a styling viewpoint. For example, the shark fin antenna may be arranged on the roof of the vehicle above a middle of the rear windshield or on the rear deck lid. As can be appreciated, placing the shark fin antenna in those locations detracts from the external design of the vehicle. These types of antennas typically have a height that is approximately one quarter of a wavelength at a lowest desired operating frequency.
In a feature, an ultra wide band (UWB) antenna includes: a first antenna including a first planar cap portion that is disposed parallel to a ground plane; a second antenna including: a second planar cap portion that is disposed parallel to the ground plane and the first planar cap portion; an aperture; wherein the first antenna is disposed within the aperture; one or more inner edges that define a portion of the aperture; and a tapered portion that extends vertically and away from the one or more inner edges and toward the first antenna.
In further features: the first antenna has a first predetermined frequency range; the second antenna has a second predetermined frequency range; and at least a portion of the frequencies of the second predetermined frequency range is lower than the first predetermined frequency range.
In further features, the first antenna and the second antenna are made of electrically conductive material.
In further features, a first plane of a side of the first antenna that faces a second plane of a portion of the tapered portion is one of perpendicular to the ground plane and non-perpendicular to the ground plane.
In further features, the tapered portion extends vertically and away from the one or more inner edges, toward the first antenna, and to a planar portion that directly contacts the ground plane.
In further features, a portion of the first planer cap portion of the first antenna is disposed one of vertically above and below the planar portion.
In further features, one or more inner edges include: a first linear inner edge; a second linear inner edge; and a third linear inner edge that is perpendicular to the first and second linear inner edges.
In further features: the first and third linear inner edges meet and form a right angle; and the second and third linear inner edges meet and form a right angle.
In further features, the one or more inner edges further include: a first curved inner edge that connects the first and third linear inner edges; and a second curved inner edge that connects the second and third linear inner edges.
In further features, the first and second curved inner edges have a predetermined radius of curvature.
In further features, the second antenna includes a side portion that extends from the second planar cap portion toward the ground plane.
In further features, a gap between (a) a lower edge of the side portion and (b) the ground plane increases moving away from a feed connected to the second antenna and toward a connecting portion of the second antenna that directly contacts and is electrically connected to the ground plane.
In further features, the gap increases monotonically moving away from the feed connected to the second antenna and toward the connecting portion of the second antenna.
In further features, a height of the side portion varies between the feed and the connecting portion.
In further features, the side portion extends perpendicular to the second planar cap portion and the ground portion.
In further features, the first antenna is symmetrical about a first vertical plane through (a) a first location where a feed conductor electrically connects to the first antenna and (b) a center of a connecting portion of the first antenna that directly contacts and electrically connects the first antenna to the ground plane.
In further features, the second antenna is symmetrical about a second vertical plane through (a) a second location where a second feed conductor electrically connects to the second antenna and (b) a second center of a second connecting portion of the second antenna that directly contacts and electrically connects the first antenna to the ground plane.
In further features, the first vertical plane is perpendicular to the second vertical plane.
In further features, the first and second planar cap portions are coplanar.
In further features, a vehicle includes the UWB antenna.
Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description, the claims and the drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
In the drawings, reference numbers may be reused to identify similar and/or identical elements.
An ultra wide band (UWB) antenna according to the present disclosure has an extremely low profile, which allows the UWB antenna to be incorporated into a variety of different locations. The extremely low profile allows the UWB antenna to be placed in less noticeable internal or external vehicle locations. For example, the UWB antenna can be concealed in a cavity in the roof below a non-conducting roof material and above a conducting plane (which may be the same as or different than the ground plane of the antenna), which improves the exterior design of the vehicle.
The present application involves a UWB antenna with first and second antennas with two different operating frequency ranges. The first antenna is disposed within an aperture of the second antenna. The second antenna includes a tapered inner portion that defines a portion of the aperture and tapers downwardly and toward the first antenna. The tapered inner portion minimizes an effect on the radiation pattern of the first antenna and enables radiation of the first antenna to be more horizontal and extend further horizontally. The tapered inner portion does not block or reflect radiation from the first antenna.
Referring now to
In some examples, an opening 40 is formed in the planar portion 20 and has a shape that is similar to a shape of the outer edge of the planar portion 20, although other shapes can be used. For example, the opening 40 may have a rounded rectangular shape, an elliptical shape or a circular shape.
In some examples, the opening 40 is centered relative to the planar portion 20. If the opening 40 is used, an upper edge of a cylinder 44 is connected to a bottom surface of the planar portion 20 at the opening 40 and a lower edge of the cylinder 44 is connected to the ground plane 18. In other examples, the opening 40 can be omitted. If the opening 40 is omitted, a top portion of the cylinder 44 can be attached to a bottom surface of the planar portion 20.
In some examples, the cylinder 44 is a rounded rectangular cylinder, an elliptical cylinder or a circular cylinder. In some examples, the cross-sectional shape and size of the cylinder 44 matches a shape of the opening 40. The cylinder 44 is connected to the bottom surface of the planar portion 20 along an edge of the opening 40 or radially outside of the opening 40 to provide electrical continuity between the planar portion 20 and the cylinder 44.
In some examples, the tapered side portion 24 is connected at or near the outer edge of the planar portion 20 and wraps fully around the outer edge of the planar portion 20. In other examples, the tapered side portion 24 is connected at or near the outer edge of the planar portion 20 and wraps around greater than or equal to 90% of the edge of the planar portion 20. In still other examples, the tapered side portion 24 wraps around at least 50% of the outer edge of the planar portion (or at least 25% at or near the outer edge of the planar portion in both directions when starting from the antenna feed on the feed side).
The tapered side portion 24 has a height that varies around the outer edge of the planar portion 20. In the example of
In some examples, the height of the tapered side portion 24 tapers fully at the center 60 as shown in
The antenna body 14 is mounted to the ground plane 18 and a gap 28 is defined between the center 30 of the tapered side portion 24 on the feed side and the ground plane 18. In some examples, an antenna feed 46 extends through an opening 48 formed in the ground plane 18 and is connected to the antenna body 14 at the center 30 of the feed side. For example only, the antenna feed 46 can include an inner conductor of a coaxial cable and a woven copper shield (not shown) of the coaxial cable can be connected to the ground plane 18. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable may serve as the antenna feed 46 and be electrically connected to the antenna body 14. While a specific type of antenna feed is shown for illustration purposes, the antenna can be fed using other antenna feed arrangements. For example, rather than passing perpendicular through the ground plane, the antenna feed can be arranged and connected to the antenna body at the feed location parallel to and above the ground plane (and not pass through the ground plane).
In
The planar portion 20 lies in a plane that is generally parallel to and spaced above the ground plane 18. A connecting portion 50 is located on a back side of the antenna body 14 to connect the planar portion 20 and/or the tapered side portion 24 to the ground plane 18. In some examples, the connecting portion 50 includes a conducting portion that connects the planar portion 20 to the ground plane 18 but does not extend to the cylinder 44 (
The antenna body 14 can be made entirely of an electrically conductive material such as a metal. Alternately, one or more portions of the antenna body 14 can include a supporting surface that is made of a non-conducting material and a layer made of a conducting material attached to, deposited on, or printed on the non-conducting material.
Without committing to a theory of operation, the UWB antennas described herein operate like a cavity-backed slotted antenna with opposite ends and the cavity wrapped around and connected together.
Some antenna designs may involve a height of the UWB antenna to be at least approximately one quarter (¼) of the wavelength corresponding to a lowest target operating frequency of the UWB antenna 10. In some examples, the UWB antennas discussed herein can be designed with a vertical height that is as low as approximately 1/20th of a wavelength corresponding to the lowest target operating frequency. As used herein, approximately 1/20th of a wavelength may refer to 4% to 6% of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest desired operating frequency. When height is less of a concern, the UWB antenna 10 can be designed with other vertical heights such as 1/10th of a wavelength corresponding to the lowest target operating frequency or other heights. Vertical height may refer to the distance between the ground plane and the vertical top most portion of the UWB antenna.
For example, the UWB antenna can be designed for 1.7 GHZ applications and can have a height of approximately 8-9 millimeters (mm). In some examples, the width W and length L of the UWB antenna is in a range from 0.5 to 5 times the height H of the UWB antenna. In some examples, the ground plane is wider than the L and W of the antenna body by first and second predetermined distances, respectively. The first and second predetermined distances are the same (symmetric) or different (asymmetric).
The UWB antenna 10 has a low profile. The relatively low height of the UWB antenna (e.g. approximately 1/20*wavelength) provides a significant advantage when attempting to locate the UWB antenna in unobtrusive locations to enhance the design and visual appearance of the vehicle. The increased height of other antennas makes it more difficult to locate in or on a vehicle without adversely impacting the design of the vehicle or reducing headroom when located between the headliner and roof.
For example only, the UWB antenna 10 may be designed for 617 megahertz (MHz) applications and can handle a first frequency band from 617 MHz to 960 MHZ, a second frequency band from 1.7 gigahertz (GHz) to 2.7 GHZ and a third frequency band from 3.3 GHz to 6 GHZ, although other frequencies ranges may be used.
In the UWB antenna 10 shown in
Referring to
A multiplexer could be connected to each of the first and second antennas 308 and 312 via to separate radio frequency (RF) lines. This is different than the UWB (e.g., 300) of the present application. The present application involves a single UWB that includes the two (first and second) antenna portions that are both connected to a single RF feed 316. In the example of
As shown in
The first and second antennas 308 and 312 are electrically conductive and may be made of a metal. The distribution portion 320 may be directly electrically connected to the first antenna 308. The distribution portion 320 may be part of the first antenna 308.
The second antenna 312 is electrically connected to the distribution portion 320 via the filters 304. The filters 304 may include, for example, one or more inductors, one or more capacitors, and/or one or more resistors. In the examples of
The first filter component 1404 is electrically connected between the distribution component 320 and a node 1416. The second filter component 1408 is electrically connected between the node 1416 and the ground plane 18. The third filter component 1412 is electrically connected between the node 1416 and the tapered portion 324 of the second antenna 312.
The first filter component 1504 is electrically connected between a node 1516 that is electrically connected to the distribution portion 320 and the ground plane 18. The second filter component 1508 is electrically connected between the node 1516 and a node 1520 that is electrically connected to first antenna 308. The third filter component 1512 is electrically connected between the node 1520 and the ground plane 18.
Referring back to
The first antenna 308 includes a second portion 332 that is planar and that extends vertically downwardly toward the ground plane 18. The second portion 332 is connected to the first portion 328. The second portion 332 may be non-perpendicular to the first portion 328. In various implementations, the plane of the second portion 332 may be parallel to the ground plane 18, such as illustrated in the example of
The first antenna 308 includes a third portion 336 that is planar and that extends vertically downwardly toward the ground plane 18. The third portion 336 is connected to the second portion 332. The third portion 336 may be non-perpendicular to the second portion 332. As shown in
The first antenna 308 includes a fourth portion 340 that is planar and that extends vertically downwardly and directly contacts the ground plane 18. The fourth portion 340 may be perpendicular to the ground plane 18. The fourth portion 340 is connected to the third portion 336. As shown in
The second antenna 312 includes a cap that includes first cap portions 350, second cap portions 354, and third cap portions 358. The first and second cap portions 350 and 354 may extend vertically upwardly and away from the ground plane 18. Planes of the third cap portions 358 may be parallel to the ground plane 18, such as illustrated in
The connecting portion 50 is located on the back side of the UWB antenna 300 (opposite the feed 316) and connects the second antenna 312 and/or the tapered side portion 324 to the ground plane 18. As illustrated in
The second antenna 312 includes an aperture 362. The aperture 362 may be defined by the first cap portions 350, the second cap portions 354, and a tapered portion 366 that tapers vertically towardly from the second cap portions 354 toward or to the ground plane 18. The first antenna 308 is disposed within the aperture 362. In various implementations, such as shown in
The second antenna 312 may also include apertures 370 formed between outer edges of the first cap portions 350 and the adjacent tapered portions 324. The second antenna 312 may also include apertures 374 through the third cap portions 358. In various implementations, the apertures 370 and/or the apertures 374 may be omitted and the cap portions may be solid to the adjacent tapered portion 324.
The tapered portion 324 extends vertically downwardly toward the ground plane 18. The tapered portion 324 may be perpendicular to the ground plane 18.
In some examples, the tapered side portion 324 wraps fully around the UWB antenna 300 from the feed 316 to the connecting portion 50. The tapered side portion 24 has a vertical height that varies around the UWB antenna 300. In the example of
As illustrated in
While the examples of
While the examples of
The distribution portion 320 is directly connected to the second antenna 312 without filters. The second antenna 312 is symmetrical about the vertical line/plane 404 between (a) the feed 1708 of the second antenna 312 and (b) the center of the connecting portion 50. The first antenna 308 is about a vertical line/plane 1712 between (a) the feed 1704 of the first antenna 308 and (b) the center of a connecting portion 1716 where the first antenna 308 connects to the ground plane 18.
Cap (vertically upper) portions 1720 and 1724 of the first and second antennas 308 and 312, respectively, may be planar. The planes of the cap portions 1720 and 1724 are parallel and may be coplanar.
The first antenna 308 is disposed within the aperture 362 of the second antenna 312. As shown in
As shown in
The second antenna 312 includes a tapered portion 1650 that faces the aperture 362. The tapered portion 1650 that tapers vertically downwardly and inwardly toward the first antenna 308. The tapered portion 1650 minimizes an effect on radiation pattern of the first antenna 308 and allows radiation from the first antenna 308 to extend further and more horizontally than if the second antenna 312 included walls that extended vertically downwardly from the cap portion 1724 toward the ground plane 18.
As shown in
The tapered portion 1650 includes first, second, third, fourth, and fifth tapered portions 1674, 1678, 1682, 1686, and 1690. The first tapered portion 1674 is connected to the first linear inner edge 1654.
The first tapered portion 1674 extends vertically downwardly and away from the first linear inner edge 1654 and toward the first antenna 308 (e.g., the second side 1908). A plane of the first tapered portion 1674 and the plane of the cap 1724 form an obtuse angle.
The third tapered portion 1682 extends vertically downwardly and away from the second linear inner edge 1658 and toward the first antenna 308. A plane of the third tapered portion 1682 and the plane of the cap 1724 form an obtuse angle. A plane of the third tapered portion 1682 may be parallel to a plane extending through the edges 1808 and 1908 of the first antenna 308 that face the third tapered portion 1682.
The fifth tapered portion 1690 extends vertically downwardly and away from the third linear inner edge 1662 and toward the first antenna 308 (e.g., the first side 1808). A plane of the fifth tapered portion 1690 and the plane of the cap 1724 form an obtuse angle.
The second tapered portion 1678 extends vertically downwardly and away from the first curved inner edge 1666 and toward the first antenna 308. The fourth tapered portion 1686 extends vertically downwardly and away from the second curved inner edge 1670 and toward the first antenna 308.
The second antenna 312 may include a planar portion 1694. The plane of the planar portion 1694 is parallel to the planes of the cap portions 1720 and 1724. A portion of the cap portion 1720 of the first antenna 308 may be disposed vertically above a portion of the planar portion 1694. The second, third, and fourth tapered portions 1678, 1682, and 1686 may extend downwardly to and connect to the planar portion 1694. The planar portion 1694 may directly contact the ground plane 18.
While the example of the tapered portion 1650 including the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth tapered portions 1674-1690 is provided, the present application is also applicable to the tapered portion 1650 having other suitable shapes. For example, the second antenna 312 may include a (single) circular inner edge and the tapered portion 1650 may be a curved surface that tapers downwardly and toward the first antenna 308. As another example, the first and second curved edges 1666 and 1670 may be omitted. The first and second inner linear edges 1654 and 1658 may meet at a right angle, and the second and third linear inner edges 1658 and 1662 may meet at a right angle. In various implementations, a diplexer may be implemented in the ground plane and connected to the first and second antennas 308 and 312.
The foregoing description is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The broad teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure includes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon a study of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims. It should be understood that one or more steps within a method may be executed in different order (or concurrently) without altering the principles of the present disclosure. Further, although each of the embodiments is described above as having certain features, any one or more of those features described with respect to any embodiment of the disclosure can be implemented in and/or combined with features of any of the other embodiments, even if that combination is not explicitly described. In other words, the described embodiments are not mutually exclusive, and permutations of one or more embodiments with one another remain within the scope of this disclosure.
Spatial and functional relationships between elements (for example, between modules, circuit elements, semiconductor layers, etc.) are described using various terms, including “connected,” “engaged,” “coupled,” “adjacent,” “next to,” “on top of,” “above,” “below,” and “disposed.” Unless explicitly described as being “direct,” when a relationship between first and second elements is described in the above disclosure, that relationship can be a direct relationship where no other intervening elements are present between the first and second elements, but can also be an indirect relationship where one or more intervening elements are present (either spatially or functionally) between the first and second elements. As used herein, the phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A OR B OR C), using a non-exclusive logical OR, and should not be construed to mean “at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.”
In the figures, the direction of an arrow, as indicated by the arrowhead, generally demonstrates the flow of information (such as data or instructions) that is of interest to the illustration. For example, when element A and element B exchange a variety of information but information transmitted from element A to element B is relevant to the illustration, the arrow may point from element A to element B. This unidirectional arrow does not imply that no other information is transmitted from element B to element A. Further, for information sent from element A to element B, element B may send requests for, or receipt acknowledgements of, the information to element A.
