Claims
- 1. A method of non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality comprising the steps of:
- acoustically coupling a first transducer and a second transducer to nearby skin on opposite sides of said bone tissue wherein one of said first and second transducers is a single-element transducer and another of said first and second transducers is an array transducer;
- generating an ultrasound signal and directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said second transducer through said bone tissue to obtain a bone-oriented output signal; and
- processing said bone-oriented output signal whereby an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality is obtained.
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said processing step includes determining a transit time of said ultrasound signal through said bone tissue.
- 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said processing step includes determining a velocity of said ultrasound signal through said bone tissue.
- 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said processing step includes determining an attenuation slope associated with said ultrasound signal.
- 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of independently directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said second transducer through a medium with known acoustic properties and path length and free of said bone tissue to produce a reference electrical output signal and wherein said processing step includes establishing a set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters associated with said bone-oriented output signal and a set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters associated with said reference signal and subjecting said set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters and said set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters to comparative analysis.
- 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said second transducer is said array transducer.
- 7. An apparatus for non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality comprising:
- first and second transducers wherein one of said first and second transducers is a single-element transducer and another of said first and second transducers is an array transducer;
- means for generating an ultrasound signal and directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said second transducer through said bone tissue to obtain a bone-oriented output signal; and
- means for processing said bone-oriented output signal whereby an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality is obtained.
- 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said second transducer is said array transducer.
- 9. A method of non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality comprising the steps of:
- acoustically coupling a pair of transducers to nearby skin on opposite sides of said bone tissue;
- generating an ultrasound signal and directing said ultrasound signal from one transducer of said pair of transducers to another transducer of said pair of transducers through said bone tissue, to produce a bone-oriented electrical output signal;
- independently directing said ultrasound signal from said one transducer to said another transducer through a medium with known acoustic properties and path length and free of said bone tissue to produce a reference electrical output signal;
- establishing a set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters associated with said bone-oriented output signal and a set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters associated with said reference signal; and
- subjecting said set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters and said set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters to comparative analysis, whereby an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality is obtained.
- 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said another transducer is an array transducer.
- 11. The method of claim 10 wherein said one transducer is an array transducer.
- 12. A method of non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality comprising the steps of:
- (a) acoustically coupling a pair of transducers to nearby skin on opposite sides of said bone tissue;
- (b) generating an ultrasound signal and directing said ultrasound signal from one transducer of said pair of transducers to another transducer of said pair of transducers through said bone tissue, to produce a bone-oriented electrical output signal;
- (c) repeating said step (b) a plurality of times to obtain a plurality of bone-oriented output signals;
- (d) averaging said plurality of bone-oriented output signals to obtain an averaged bone-oriented output signal;
- (e) independently directing said ultrasound signal from said one transducer to said another transducer through a medium with known acoustic properties and path length and free of said bone tissue to produce a reference electrical output signal;
- (f) repeating said step (e) a plurality of times to obtain a plurality of reference signals;
- (g) averaging said plurality of reference signals to obtain an averaged reference signal;
- (h) establishing a set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters associated with said averaged bone-oriented output signal and a set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters associated with said averaged reference signal; and
- (i) subjecting said set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters and said set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters to comparative analysis whereby an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality is obtained.
- 13. The method of claim 12 wherein said another transducer is an array transducer.
- 14. The method of claim 13 wherein said one transducer is an array transducer.
- 15. A method of non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality comprising the steps of:
- (a) acoustically coupling a first transducer and a second transducer to nearby skin on opposite sides of said bone tissue, wherein said second transducer is an array transducer;
- (b) generating an ultrasound signal and directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to an element of said second transducer through said bone tissue to produce a bone-oriented electrical output signal;
- (c) independently directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said element of said second transducer through a medium with known acoustic properties and path length and free of said bone tissue to produce a reference electrical output signal;
- (d) establishing a set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters associated with said bone-oriented output signal and a set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters associated with said reference signal;
- (e) repeating said step (b), said step (c), and said step (d) at least one time wherein said ultrasound signal is directed in said step (b) and said step (c) from said first transducer to a previously unselected element of said second transducer to thereby create a plurality of sets .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters and a plurality of sets .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters;
- (f) evaluating said plurality of sets .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters to locate an anatomical region; and
- (g) subjecting at least one set .THETA..sub.s of said plurality of sets .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters, said one set .THETA..sub.s corresponding to said anatomical region, and at least one set .THETA..sub.r of said plurality of sets .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters to comparative analysis, whereby an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality is obtained.
- 16. An apparatus for non-invasive and quantitative assessment of the status of bone tissue in vivo for at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture, and bone quality comprising
- first and second transducers;
- means for generating an ultrasound signal, directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said second transducer through said bone tissue to produce a bone-oriented electrical output signal, and independently directing said ultrasound signal from said first transducer to said second transducer through a medium of known acoustic properties and path length and free of said bone tissue to produce a reference electrical output signal; and
- means for establishing a set .THETA..sub.s of bone-oriented parameters associated with said bone-oriented output signal and a set .THETA..sub.r of reference parameters associated with said reference signal and performing comparative analysis of said set of bone-oriented parameters .THETA..sub.s and said set of reference parameters .THETA..sub.r to thereby obtain an estimate of said at least one of the quantities, bone-mineral density, bone strength, bone fracture risk, bone architecture and bone quality.
- 17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said second transducer is an array transducer.
- 18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said first transducer is an array transducer.
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/711,336, filed Sep. 6, 1996, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/602,410, filed Feb. 16, 1996 and now U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,363.
US Referenced Citations (15)
Continuation in Parts (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
711336 |
Sep 1996 |
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Parent |
602410 |
Feb 1996 |
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