Patent Application
20190046158
The present invention relates to an ultrasound apparatus for medical examination of a subject. The present invention further relates to a method for medical examination of a subject.
In the field of medical examination systems, ultrasound is a well-known and reliable technique for medical diagnostics, in particular to monitor hemodynamic or pulmonary parameters or to provide medical images of the patient.
For continuous monitoring of the patient, it is further known to attach one or a plurality of separate ultrasound transducers to the skin of the patient in order to determine measurement data in a non-invasive and non-obstructive way over a long-time frame continuously or frequently. A corresponding ultrasound apparatus for assessing the lung is e.g. known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,485,841.
US 2013/0079641 A1 discloses a garment configured to be affixed to a portion of a living body, and at least one ultrasound transducer having a fixed position on the garment and configured to provide at least one of: produce and receive, ultrasound signals that pass through the living body.
A disadvantage of the known ultrasound monitoring systems is that the different transducers are complicated to wear and complicated to apply to the body. A further disadvantage is that the relative position of the ultrasound transducers is variable and the field of view of the transducers may be obstructed by an anatomical feature of the patient to be monitored.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved ultrasound apparatus for medical examination of a subject which is less complicated to wear and less complicated to apply and provides more reliable measurement data. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a corresponding improved method for medical examination of a subject.
According to one aspect of the present invention, an ultrasound apparatus for medical examination of a subject is provided comprising:
wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine at least one parameter indicative of a relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other and/or a shape of the connection layer, and
wherein the ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers are adapted for determining a distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer are surface acoustic waves transmitted through the connection layer or a layer attached to the connection layer.
According to another aspect of the present invention a method for medical examination of a subject is provided comprising the steps of:
According to another aspect of the present invention a computer program product comprising program code means is provided for causing a computer to carry out the steps:
In an embodiment, the computer program product for medical examination of a subject, the computer program product comprising computer-readable program code downloadable from a communications network, or storable on, or stored on a computer-readable storage medium, which computer-readable program code, when run on a computer causes the computer to perform the steps:
The computer program product can be suitable to work with a server device and client device including system. Part of the steps can be performed on the server device while the other or another part of the steps is performed on the client device. The server and client device can be remote from each other and connected through wired or wireless communication as known in the art. Alternatively, all steps are performed on a server device or on a client device.
In an embodiment, a computer system or device may be provided which comprises: a computer program product according to an embodiment of the present invention; and one or more processors adapted to perform a method according to an embodiment by execution of the computer-readable program code of said computer program product. The system or device can comprise a client device and server device, or either one of the two for execution of the method steps. The server and client device can have communication devices for communicating with each other using wired or wireless communication protocols.
In a further aspect, the invention relates to a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a processing device, execute the steps of the method of a method of assessing the functional ability of a person to perform a task according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The computer program product can have code for communicating results of any of the method steps to a user. Such code can include code for generating imagery, video and/or audio output. The system, client and/or server device can include a display and/or audio output devices (such as speakers) for generating the output.
The present invention in particular relates to the monitoring apparatus for monitoring the lung, the heart, the aorta, the carotid artery, the jugular vein, the brachial artery, and the femoral artery of the subject by means of a plurality of ultrasound transducers, which can be applied to the chest, the neck, the arm or the leg of the subject, respectively.
According to a further aspect of the present invention an ultrasound apparatus is provided, which may provide ultrasound image data as intermediate results from the ultrasound signals.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. It shall be understood that the claimed method has similar and/or identical preferred embodiments as the claimed device and as defined in the dependent claims.
The present invention is based on the idea to attach a plurality of ultrasound transducers by means of a connection or a contact layer to the subject to be examined in order to perform a non-invasive and non-obstructive continuous measurement, wherein the ultrasound transducers can be easily applied to the subject. Since the connection of the ultrasound transducers and the relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other at the body of the subject can be varied individually and the field of view may be obstructed, the position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to the anatomical feature of the subject is determined on the basis of the ultrasound signals derived from the received ultrasound waves. Hence, an indication of an appropriate or inappropriate position of one or more of the ultrasound transducers can be provided to the user so that a more precise and more reliable monitoring and evaluation of the ultrasound data can be achieved.
The flexible and/or stretchable connection layer connection layer is preferably formed of a flexible and/or stretchable material. This is a possibility to individually connect the transducers to the subject with a high degree of freedom.
In an embodiment, the processing unit is adapted to provide an indication of the position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to an anatomical feature of the subject to a user. This is a possibility to provide a feedback of the quality of the position of the ultrasound transducers so that an obstruction of the ultrasound transducers can be avoided.
In a further embodiment, the position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to the anatomical feature is determined on the basis of at least one of A-line detection, amplitude and/or intensity detection or Doppler signal detection. This is a possibility to precisely detect anatomical features of the subject with low technical effort. This is in particular a possibility to determine obstructing anatomical features of the subject e.g. to determine a rib which can obstruct lung monitoring.
In a further embodiment, the processing unit is adapted to determine the at least one parameter indicative of the medical condition of the subject on the basis of B-line detection. This is a possibility to determine the medical condition of the subject precisely with low technical effort, wherein the B-line detection is can be utilized for detecting lung diseases like pulmonary edema or can be utilized for detecting diseases of the heart, the aorta, or an artery like cardiovascular diseases.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound apparatus comprises an accelerometer, wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine a posture of the subject and/or changes of the posture of the subject on the basis of a signal received from the accelerometer. This is a possibility to improve the interpretation and evaluation of the ultrasound signals, since the posture of the subject is considered which is an influencing parameter for different medical conditions or parameters in particular hemodynamic or pulmonary parameters.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound apparatus further comprises a plurality of height detectors associated to each of the ultrasound transducers for providing height signals corresponding to a height of the respective ultrasound transducers with respect to anatomical features of the subject, wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine a posture of the subject on the basis of the height signals. This is a further possibility to determine the posture of the subject which is an influencing parameter for different medical measurements in particular measurements like hemodynamic or pulmonary parameters. Further, the relative position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to gravity can be determined so that e.g. a fluid or a fluid height in the lung can be determined.
According to a further preferred aspect of the invention, an ultrasound apparatus for medical examination of a subject is provided, comprising
This is a possibility to improve the evaluation and the interpretation of the ultrasound signals since a registration of the ultrasound transducers can be performed. In particular a 2D-image or a 3D-image can be formed on the basis of the corresponding ultrasound signals and the relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other. This is in general a possibility to improve the evaluation of the data which is comfortable for the user.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound apparatus comprises a beam-forming unit for focusing the ultrasound waves emitted by the ultrasound transducers, wherein the beam-forming unit is adapted to focus the ultrasound waves emitted by the ultrasound transducers on the basis of the relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other and/or on the basis of the position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to an anatomical feature of the subject. This is a possibility to modify the emitted ultrasound signals or waves based on the relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other and/or based on the anatomical features of the subject so that the precision and the reliability of the measurement can be improved.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound transducers have a distance to each other, wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine a distance between the ultrasound transducers on the basis of the ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers. This is a possibility to determine the relative position of the ultrasound transducers to each other and to register the ultrasound transducers in the individual position at the subject, so that the evaluation of the ultrasound data can be improved and image data can be derived from the ultrasound signals.
In a further embodiment, the processing unit is adapted to determine a shape of the connection layer on the basis of the ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers. This is a possibility to further improve the evaluation and interpretation of the ultrasound signal and to determine a 2D- or 3D-ultrasound image.
In an embodiment, the ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers for determining the distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer are backscattered by the subject. This is a possibility to determine the relative position of the ultrasound transducers with low technical effort even if the ultrasound transducers are not coupled via a direct ultrasound path.
The ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers for determining the distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer are surface acoustic waves transmitted through the connection layer or an additional layer attached to the connection layer. This is a possibility to improve the robustness of the measurement of the relative position of the ultrasound transducers, since the distance and shape sensing depends only on the construction of the connection layer or the additional layer attached to the connection layer and not on the basis of the tissue characteristics of the subject.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound waves for determining the distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer are emitted by one of the ultrasound transducers. This is a possibility to determine the distance of the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer with low technical effort, since the integrated ultrasound transducers can be utilized also to determine the distances between the ultrasound transducers and/or the shape of the connection layer. The distances between the ultrasound transducers and the shape of the connection layer are determined by emitting one short ultrasound pulse by means of a single ultrasound transducer wherein the other transducers receive the pulse. The distance and the shape can be determined on the basis of the time of flight, the amplitude or the phase of the ultrasound pulse.
According to a further embodiment, the distance measurement is performed by emitting a short ultrasound pulse by a plurality of the ultrasound transducers or by each of the ultrasound transducers in a consecutive manner, wherein the respective other ultrasound transducers receive the emitted ultrasound pulse in each case. The distance between the ultrasound transducers and the shape of the connection layer can be determined on the basis of the time of flight, the amplitude or the phase of each of the emitted ultrasound pulses and received by the respective other remaining ultrasound transducers.
In a further embodiment, the ultrasound apparatus further comprises a light emitting device and a light detection device coupled to the processing unit, wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine a shape of the connection layer on the basis of the light detected by the light detection device. This is a possibility to further improve the reliability of the detection of the shape of the connection layer.
In a further embodiment, the light emitting device and the light detection device are optically coupled by means of an optical fiber connected to the connection layer. This is a possibility to determine the shape of the connection layer with high precision.
In a further embodiment, the optical fiber is connected to the flexible and/or stretchable layer, wherein the processing unit is adapted to determine a strain of the optical fiber on the basis of the light detected by the light detection device and to determine the shape of the connection layer on the basis of the determined strain. This is a possibility to determine the shape of the connection layer precisely.
In a further embodiment, the processing unit is adapted to determine ultrasound image data on the basis of the ultrasound signal received from the plurality of ultrasound transducers and the determined distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the determined shape of the connection layer. This is a possibility to utilize the ultrasound signals for ultrasound imaging, wherein the quality of the ultrasound image data can be improved on the basis of the determined distance between the ultrasound transducers and/or the determined shape of the connection layer.
As mentioned above, the ultrasound transducers which can be connected by means of the connection layer or a contact layer to the subject can provide a non-invasive and non-obstructive continuous and frequent monitoring of a medical parameter of the subject, wherein the evaluation and the interpretation of the different ultrasound signals received from the ultrasound transducers can be improved and a precise, robust and reliable measurement based on the ultrasound signals can be provided. Further, due to the connection layer or a contact layer, the ultrasound transducers can be attached individually to the subject and due to the measurement of the position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to each other and with respect to the anatomical feature of the subject, the measurement can be improved and an obstruction of a desired field of view e.g. by a bone, vessel, organ or other structures can be avoided.
An example of an ultrasound apparatus for medical examination of a subject comprises i) a plurality of ultrasound transducers for emitting and receiving ultrasound waves and for providing different ultrasound signals on the basis of the ultrasound waves, ii) a connection layer attachable to the subject, wherein the ultrasound transducers are coupled to the connection layer, and iii) a processing unit coupleable to the ultrasound transducers for receiving the ultrasound signals and for determining at least one parameter on the basis of the ultrasound signals, wherein the at least one parameter is indicative of a position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to an anatomical feature of the subject and/or indicative of a medical condition of the subject.
An example of a method for medical examination of a subject comprises the steps of: i) emitting and receiving ultrasound waves by means of a plurality of ultrasound transducers attachable (or attached) via a flexible and/or stretchable connection layer to the subject and providing a plurality of different ultrasound signals on the basis of the ultrasound waves received by the plurality of ultrasound transducers, and ii) determining at least one parameter on the basis of the ultrasound signals received by the ultrasound transducers, wherein the at least one parameter is indicative of a position of the ultrasound transducers with respect to an anatomical feature of the subject and/or indicative of a medical condition of the subject.
These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment(s) described hereinafter. In the following drawings
The ultrasound transducers 16 may comprise one transducer element or an array of transducer elements, wherein the ultrasound transducers 16 are in general coupled to the connection layer 18 which may be formed of a bendable and stretchable material so that a spacing between the ultrasound transducer 16 can be manually adjusted and the ultrasound transducer 16 can be placed individually at individually selected portions of the subject 12. This enables the user to inspect desired portions of the subject 12, in particular the lung, the heart, the aorta or the like or non-thoracic portions like the carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries, wherein the ultrasound transducers 16 are disposed at an intercostal position between the ribs or on/around the neck, arm, or leg of the subject 12 in order to achieve a non-obstructed view on an organ or a vessel to be examined. The processing unit 24 is adapted to determine a relative position of the ultrasound transducers 16 with respect to an anatomical feature e.g. a bone or an organ or other obstructing anatomical features in order to indicate if one or more of the ultrasound transducers 16 is disposed inappropriately at the subject 12 to provide a reliable measurement. The display device 26 may provide a corresponding warning to the operator.
The anatomical feature may be determined on the basis of artifacts like A-lines in the ultrasound signal or Doppler measurements for detection of arterial and/or venous vessels and assessment of perfusion. A well-positioned ultrasound transducer 16 can e.g. show the lung pleural line, which is associated to the artifacts of the A-lines. Hence, the proper position of the ultrasound transducer 16 can be automatically identified on the basis of the ultrasound signals.
For the case that the ultrasound transducer unit 14 is utilized for monitoring the lung of the subject 12, B-line artifacts can be utilized to determine the presence and the degree of a pulmonary edema which builds up from the bottom of the lung upwards. Also other lung conditions can be monitored which are associated with local lung water such as an infection, wherein the ultrasound transducers 16 can indicate the increase, the decrease or the migration of the local lung water. In another embodiment, the ultrasound transducer unit 14 can be adapted to measure cardiac, aortic, vascular or venous parameters. The ultrasound transducers 16 may be each equipped with a height meter or an accelerometer for determining a posture of the subject 12 which usually lead to a migration of lung water and alterations in hemodynamics due to the influence of the gravity. The height sensors can also be used to derive the degree, i.e. the height of the pulmonary edema based on which transducers find B-line artifacts and which transducers do not find B-line artifacts.
In an alternative embodiment, the ultrasound signals received from the ultrasound transducers 16 are used by the processing unit 24 to reconstruct and provide ultrasound image data. To reconstruct and provide the image data, the relative position of the ultrasound transducers 16 and the respective orientation of the individual ultrasound transducers 16 has to be registered. The relative position and the orientation of the ultrasound transducers 16 is determined on the basis of the ultrasound waves received by the ultrasound transducers 16 and evaluated by means of the processing unit 24. In an alternative embodiment, the shape of the connection layer 18 may be determined on the basis of light emitting devices and light detection devices attached or coupled to or integrated in the connection layer 18. On the basis of the so determined relative position of the ultrasound transducers 16 to each other and the individual orientation of the ultrasound transducers 16 an ultrasound image can be reconstructed. When the ultrasound transducers 16 form a vector or a line of elements, a 2D-image can be formed of the ultrasound signals as B-mode or plane wave compounding. If the ultrasound transducers 16 form a matrix of ultrasound transducers, a 3D-image can be formed.
The control unit 24 may control the ultrasound transducers 16 in order to focus the ultrasound beams emitted by the ultrasound transducers 16 to a region of interest on the basis of the detected anatomical features of the subject 12.
The processing unit 24 is adapted to determine on the basis of the ultrasound signal received from the ultrasound transducers 16 a relative position of the ultrasound transducers 16 with respect to anatomical features, in this particular case the ribs 28 so that an inappropriate position of the ultrasound transducer 16 at a rib 28 can be determined and indicated to the user by means of e.g. a warning signal. It should be noted that the anatomical feature may be any obstructing feature which is not of interest like bones, organs or vessels.
The processing unit 24 further determines a medical condition of the subject 12 on the basis of the ultrasound signals and in this particular case the condition of the lung, the heart, the aorta or other vessels and may determine a disease on the basis of the ultrasound signals.
Obstructing anatomical features are preferably determined on the basis of A-line artifact in the ultrasound signals. The medical condition of the subject 12, in this particular case pulmonary edema of the lung can be determined on the basis of B-line artifacts in the ultrasound signals. Alternatively, for vascular purposes, Doppler signals are preferably used and in the case of the heart inspection other reconstructed signals or signal features can be utilized.
The so flexibly connected ultrasound transducers 16 can be attached to individual portions of the subject 12 having a distance to each other, so that the ultrasound transducers 16 can be utilized for different medical examinations e.g. monitoring of the lung, the heart, vessels or other organs as mentioned above.
The ultrasound transducers 16 can be soldered or bonded or glued with conductive adhesives onto a flexible printed circuit foil, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The circuit on the both sides of the connection layer 18, except on the transducer area exposing to the skin, can be electrically insulated with a dielectric coating. A polymer layer filled with high density metal particles can be used as a top layer coating on the flexible layer opposite to the skin side of the ultrasound transducer unit 14, for damping ultrasound waves towards the opposite side of the skin. Each of the ultrasound transducers 16 can be addressed via a wire 32 on the connection layer 18, and, each of the ultrasound transducers 16 may comprise an analogue-to-digital converter.
The ultrasound transducer unit 14 may further comprise electronic devices. An additional central processing unit may be integrated that implements processing of RF data, i.e. the ultrasound signals including classification of lung, heart, and/or cardiovascular conditions or diseases and wireless communication. The ultrasound transducer unit 14 may also be wirelessly connected to the central processing unit 20. A wireless ultrasound transducer unit also requires an energy storage device such as a battery. A wired patch could offload all processing to an external unit by using a coax cable per transducer element. Alternatively, the ultrasound signals may be processed in the ultrasound transducer unit 14 and the ultrasound transducer unit 14 might be connected to another device with something as simple as a USB 3.0 cable.
Each of the ultrasound transducers 16 may be associated with an accelerometer and/or a height detector to determine a posture of the subject and/or a height of the respective ultrasound transducer 16 with respect to gravity and/or an anatomical feature of the subject 12.
The ultrasound transducer unit 14 may use wired or wireless communication to transfer information regarding the placement of the ultrasound transducer unit 14 and the ultrasound transducers 16 and regarding the medical condition of the subject 12 to a user and/or a caregiver. As intermediate information, signals or signal quality information could be provided as feedback to user or caregiver. The user or caregiver can receive the information regarding the placement of the ultrasound transducer unit 14 and/or the ultrasound transducers 16 as well as (intermediate) measurement results on a phone, a headset, a near-to-eye-display, vital signs monitor or by visual signals provided by one or more LEDs or by acoustical signals provided by one or more speakers integrated in the ultrasound unit 14 in order to reduce the technical effort.
The respective status of the ultrasound transducer unit 14 can be summarized in a single signal or information. Alternatively the feedback could be provided of particular artifacts such as the presence or absence of A-line artifacts, the presence or absence of B-line artifacts, the presence or absence of lung sliding or on the basis of Doppler signals. An embodiment could use an LED to indicate a proper or inappropriate placement of the ultrasound transducers 16 and/or the medical condition of the subject 12. In a further embodiment, each of the ultrasound transducers 16 may comprise a plurality of LEDs to indicate to quality of the placement and the measurement result. As an example, a green LED could indicate a good placement or signal quality in combination with a healthy organ or vessel under this transducer, an orange LED could indicate that the ultrasound transducer 16 requires replacement, and a red LED could indicate a bad signal quality in combination with an unhealthy organ or vessel under this transducer.
The shape of the connection layer 18 or the ultrasound transducer unit 14 can be determined using a spline interpolation wherein merely the local curvature in the direction perpendicular to the ultrasound transducers 16 is necessary. The resolution of the determined shape of the connection layer 18 is proportional to the density of the ultrasound transducers 16 and the necessary spatial resolution to determine the shape of the connection layer 18 depends on the flexibility or the rigidity of the connection layer or the ultrasound transducer unit 14 in general.
From the shape determination of the ultrasound transducer unit 14, the position of each of the ultrasound transducers 16 at the connection layer 18 or the ultrasound transducer unit 14 in a Cartesian coordinate system as a function of the curvy linear ultrasound transducer unit 14 coordinate can be determined e.g. by the formula:
r(u,v)=x(u,v){circumflex over (x)}+y(u,v)ŷ+z(u,v){circumflex over (z)}
wherein r corresponds to the position of the ultrasound transducer unit 14 or the flexible layer 18 and u and v correspond to a curvy linear coordinates of the ultrasound transducer unit 14. It should be noted that this formula is one example and other functions can be used as well. An example for a function of a bended ultrasound transducer unit 14 in the Cartesian coordinate system is shown in
In
The ultrasound transducer unit 14 comprises one ultrasound transducer 16′ which is adapted to emit an ultrasound pulse signal, wherein the other ultrasound transducers 16″ receives the pulse signal from the emitting ultrasound transducer 16′. On the basis of the time of flight, the amplitude or a phase parameter of the so transmitted ultrasound pulse signal, the relative position of each of the ultrasound transducer 16″ with respect to the emitting ultrasound transducer 16′ can be determined. The ultrasound pulse signal may be received directly through the subject 12 or may be backscattered from a specific anatomical feature 66 of the subject 12 as shown in
The emission or transmission of the ultrasound pulse signal should be repeated for different of the ultrasound transducers 16 in order to determine the shape of the connection layer 18 or the shape of the ultrasound transducer unit 14.
Alternatively the shape of the ultrasound transducer unit 14 or the connection layer 18 may be determined by additional ultrasound transducers which are acoustically coupled, e.g. glued to the connection layer 18. The ultrasound transducers 16 induce and measure surface acoustic waves through the ultrasound transducer unit 14 or the connection layer 18. In general the detection of the shape on the basis of the surface acoustic waves through the flexible layer 18 is more robust, since the shape detection depends only on the ultrasound transducer unit 14 and not on the tissue of the subject 12.
Similarly, ultrasound could be utilized instead of light, wherein the light guide 80 is replaced by a gel-filled conducting path between the ultrasound transducer 16 or additional ultrasound transducers, wherein the gel-filled conducting path acoustically couples the ultrasound transducer 16 or the additional ultrasound transducer through by means of which the ultrasound waves can be transmitted. The gel-filled path can be a narrow tube with ultrasound-insulated walls or ultrasound-reflecting walls. When the path deforms, then the ultrasound transmission characteristics change and this can be measured again via the time of flight measurement, an amplitude or a phase measurement.
Hence, the shape of the ultrasound transducer device 14 can be determined precisely on the basis of ultrasound emission and detection or light emission and detection so that a registering of the ultrasound transducers 16 can be performed and physiological data can be derived from the ultrasound signals.
Computer program code for carrying out the methods of the present invention by execution on the processing unit 24 may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the processing unit 24 as a stand-alone software package, e.g. an app, or may be executed partly on the processing unit 24 and partly on a remote server. In the latter scenario, the remote server may be connected to the head-mountable computing device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer, e.g. through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider.
Aspects of the present invention are described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions to be executed in whole or in part on the processing unit 24, such that the instructions create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct the cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidance system including the portable computing device to function in a particular manner.
The computer program instructions may, for example, be loaded onto the portable computing device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the portable computing device and/or the server, to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the portable computing device and/or the server provide processes for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The computer program product may form part of a patient monitoring system including a portable computing device.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
A computer program may be stored/distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems. Thus, there may be provided a computer program product downloadable from a communications network and/or stored on a computer readable medium and/or microprocessor-executable medium wherein the computer program product comprises computer program code instructions, which when executed by at least one processor, implement a method according to a proposed embodiment.
Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15185481.7 | Sep 2015 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/071391 | 9/12/2016 | WO | 00 |
