Patent Grant
8550999
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus for measuring the subject's tissue attribute.
An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus obtains biological information from a subject by irradiating him or her with an ultrasonic wave and analyzing the information contained in its echo signal. For example, a conventional ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that has been used extensively converts the intensity of the echo signal into its associated pixel luminance, thereby presenting the subject's internal structure as a tomographic image. In this manner, the internal structure of the subject can be known.
Some people are attempting recently to track the motion of a subject's tissue and evaluate the strain and the elasticity, viscosity or any other attribute property of the tissue mainly by analyzing the amplitude or phase information of the echo signal. For example, Patent Document No. 1 and Non-Patent Document No. 1 disclose a method for obtaining the magnitude of strain based on the magnitude of displacement of a measuring point that has been set on the vascular wall due to the heartbeat and calculating the local elasticity around the measuring point based on the magnitude of the strain and the blood pressure difference and also disclose a method for presenting the spatial distribution of elasticities as an image. Hereinafter, these methods will be described.
The arterial vascular wall will be deformed due to a variation in blood pressure that has been caused by the heartbeat. Based on the relation between the degree of that deformation (i.e., the magnitude of strain) and the stress produced by the blood pressure in the arterial vascular wall, the elasticity of the vascular wall can be defined. In this case, it is difficult to measure noninvasively, or estimate indirectly, the distribution of stress in the arterial vascular wall. For that reason, the magnitude of strain ε of the arterial vascular wall during one heartbeat is measured with ultrasonic waves. And based on the difference between the lowest and highest blood pressures Pd and Ps that have been measured separately with a blood pressure manometer (i.e., based on the pulse ΔP=Ps−Pd), the elasticity E of the arterial vascular wall is defined by the following Equation (1):
Using ultrasonic waves, the magnitude of strain may be measured in the following manner:
First of all, points A and B are set on the intima and adventitia of the vascular wall of the artery 502 of the subject 503 as shown in
The positions of those two points at a point in time t are identified by XA(t) and XB(t), respectively, and a time t==0 is set using the R wave of the electrocardiogram at the end of the diastole as a trigger.
The initial thickness h0 is calculated by h0==XB(0)−XA(0) and the greatest thickness difference Δh is represented by the following Equation (2):
Δh=MAX[|XB(t)−XA(t)|] (2)
The magnitude of strain ε is given by the following Equation (3):
where MAX [*] is a function representing the maximum value of *.
Generally speaking, the displacement of the arterial vascular wall due to the dilation or shrinkage of the artery is on the order of several hundred μm, while the greatest thickness difference Δh of the vascular wall is on the order of several ten μm. Thus, the variation in thickness, which is approximately one digit smaller than the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves for use to make measurement (e.g., about 300 μm), should be sensed accurately.
In the example described above, the magnitude of strain ε is supposed to be calculated between two points on the intima and adventitia sides of the vascular wall. On the other hand, according to the methods disclosed in Patent Document No. 1 and Non-Patent Document No. 1, a number of displacement measuring points are set at intervals of approximately 80 μm on each ultrasonic beam 504 within the measuring range 510 and the magnitude of displacement is measured at each of those measuring points as shown in
To measure the magnitude of displacement at each measuring point accurately by the method described above, the echo signal obtained from each measuring point should have a high SNR. In other words, the amplitude of the echo signal obtained from each measuring point needs to be large enough and non-saturated.
Various receivers are often equipped with an automatic gain controller (AGC) to keep the intensity of the received signal constant. However, the AGC is supposed to be applied to a continuous signal such as a TV video signal. That is why if the known AGC were used in the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus disclosed in Patent Document No. 1 or Non-Patent Document No. 1, the received signal would get saturated where the intensity of the echo signal changes from a low intensity range into a high intensity range.
To overcome such a problem, Patent Document No. 2 discloses a receiver for an ultrasonic flaw detector, which gets the peak of the echo signal obtained from the object detected by a time gate circuit and which controls the gain so as to maximize that peak. However, if such a technique were applied to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus disclosed in Patent Document No. 1 or Non-Patent Document No. 1, the gain would vary while an echo that forms one acoustic line is being received and the displacement of the measuring point could not be measured accurately. That is a problem.
Patent Document No. 3 discloses a technique for controlling at least one of the gain of an echo signal received and the intensity of an ultrasonic wave signal to be sent toward the subject based on the maximum value of that echo signal and synchronously with the deformation period of the subject. In general, however, the intensity of an echo signal that has come from a vital tissue will vary significantly according to the structure of that target tissue. That is why if an acoustic scan line is set perpendicularly to the axis of the artery, an ultrasonic wave is sent, and then an echo signal is received, then the SNR of the echo signal would be quite different depending on whether the echo signal has come from the vicinity of the blood flow-intima boundary or the media-adventitia boundary, where the echo signal has a very high intensity, or from an intima-media range or its surrounding tissue where the echo signal has a very low intensity. As a result, the accuracy of displacement measurement within the target measuring range would vary significantly.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus that can measure the subject's attribute property accurately.
An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention includes: a transmitting section for generating N different drive signals (where N is an integer that is equal to or greater than three), including a first drive signal, to drive a probe that sends out ultrasonic waves toward a subject; a receiving section for getting echoes, which have been produced as a result of reflection of the ultrasonic waves from the subject in response to the N different drive signals, received by the probe and amplifying the respective signals generated, thereby generating a first received signal that responds to the first drive signal and N−1 received echo signals; a storage section to store the first received echo signal; an adjusting section for defining M different echo regions (where M is an integer that falls within the range of two through N−1) within a measuring range on the acoustic line of the first received echo signal based on a feature quantity of the first received echo signal that is stored in the storage section and for determining either the amplification gain to generate the N−1 received echo signals in the receiving section or the waveforms of the N−1 different drive signals, except the first drive signal, based on the feature quantities of the first received echo signal in the M different echo regions; a displacement measuring section for measuring the respective magnitudes of displacement in the M different echo regions based on the N−1 received echo signals; and a qualitative value calculating section for calculating the attribute property value of the subject within the measuring range based on the respective magnitudes of displacement in the M different echo regions.
In one preferred embodiment, N−1 and M are both equal to two. The M different echo regions are an intense echo region in which the echo signal has a relatively high intensity and a faint echo region in which the echo signal has a relatively low intensity. The transmitting section generates not only the first drive signal but also second and third drive signals as well. The receiving section gets echoes, which have been produced as a result of reflection of the ultrasonic waves from the subject in response to the first, second and third drive signals, received by the probe and amplifies the respective signals generated with first, second and third gains, respectively, thereby generating the first received echo signal and second and third received echo signals. The adjusting section defines the intense and faint echo regions within the measuring range on the acoustic line of the first received echo signal based on the feature quantity of the first received echo signal that is stored in the storage section and determines the second and third gains based on the feature quantities of the first received echo signal in the intense and faint echo regions. The displacement measuring section measures the respective magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions based on the second and third received echo signals, respectively. The qualitative value calculating section calculates the attribute property value of the subject within the measuring range based on the respective magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions.
In an alternative preferred embodiment, N−1 and M are both equal to two. The M different echo regions are an intense echo region in which the echo signal has a relatively high intensity and a faint echo region in which the echo signal has a relatively low intensity. The transmitting section generates not only the first drive signal but also second and third drive signals as well. The receiving section gets echoes, which have been produced as a result of reflection of the ultrasonic waves from the subject in response to the first, second and third drive signals, received by the probe and amplifies the respective signals generated, thereby generating the first received echo signal and second and third received echo signals. The adjusting section defines the intense and faint echo regions within the measuring range on the acoustic line of the first received echo signal based on the feature quantity of the first received echo signal that is stored in the storage section and determines the waveforms of the second and third drive signals in the transmitting section based on the feature quantities of the first received echo signal in the intense and faint echo regions. The displacement measuring section measures the respective magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions based on the second and third received echo signals, respectively. The qualitative value calculating section calculates the attribute property value of the subject within the measuring range based on the respective magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions.
In one preferred embodiment, the adjusting section keeps the second and third gains constant within the same deformation period of the subject.
In another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section keeps the waveforms of the second and third drive signals constant through the same deformation period of the subject.
In still another preferred embodiment, the feature quantity of the first received echo signal is the amplitude of the first received echo signal.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the second and third gains by the amplitude value of the first received echo signal so that the amplitudes of the second and third received echo signals in the intense and faint echo regions fall within a predetermined range.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the waveforms of the second and third drive signals by the amplitude value of the first received echo signal so that the amplitudes of the second and third received echo signals in the intense and faint echo regions fall within a predetermined range.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section defines a region in which the amplitude of the first received echo signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value to be the intense echo region.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section defines a region in which the amplitude of the first received echo signal is smaller than the predetermined threshold value to be the faint echo region.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the threshold value is determined by the maximum amplitude of the first received echo signal.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the threshold value is determined by the average amplitude of the first received echo signal.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the threshold value is determined by the average amplitude and standard deviation of the first received echo signal.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the gains for the intense and faint echo regions by the amplitude value of the first received echo signal so that the maximum amplitudes of the second and third received echo signals in the intense and faint echo regions, respectively, fall within a predetermined range.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the waveforms of the second and third drive signals by the amplitude value of the first echo signal so that the maximum amplitudes of the second and third received echo signals in the intense and faint echo regions, respectively, fall within a predetermined range.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the gains for the intense and faint echo regions synchronously with one cardiac cycle of the subject.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section determines the waveforms of the second and third drive signals synchronously with one cardiac cycle of the subject.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section receives information about the cardiac cycle from either an electrocardiograph or phonocardiograph that is connected to the subject.
In yet another preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the subject is deformed periodically by a vibrator and the adjusting section receives information about the period of deformation from the vibrator.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the adjusting section adjusts the amplitude value of the drive signal.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the attribute property is the magnitude of strain.
In yet another preferred embodiment, the attribute property is the modulus of elasticity.
In yet another preferred embodiment, multiple acoustic lines are set on the subject and the transmitting section generates the first, second and third drive signals so that the ultrasonic waves scan the subject on their associated acoustic lines. The receiving section generates multiple sets of first, second and third received echo signals on the multiple acoustic lines. And the storage section stores the respective first received echo signals of the multiple sets.
According to the present invention, intense and faint echo regions, in which the received echo signal has relatively high and relatively low signal intensities, are defined within a measuring range on the subject by using the first received echo signal responsive to the first drive signal, and the second and third gains are determined based on the feature quantity about the signal intensities of the first received echo signal in the intense and faint echo regions. The second and third received echo signals, which have been amplified with the second and third gains determined, can be maximized as far as the signal intensities in the intense and faint echo regions are not saturated. As a result, a received echo signal with a high SNR can be used and almost equally accurate results of measurement can be obtained over the entire measuring range.
a) and 2(b) are block diagrams illustrating two different configurations for the receiving section.
a) shows an example of a tomographic image taken by the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus shown in
Portions (a), (b) and (c) of
Portions (a), (b) and (c) of
Portions (a), (b) and (c) of
a) to 7(c) schematically show the relation between intense and faint echo regions and the second and third received echo signals.
a) to 9(c) schematically indicate the timings to apply the first, second and third drive signals when the measuring range is scanned.
Portions (a) and (b) of
a) is a schematic representation illustrating how to obtain waveforms representing the magnitudes of displacement at two displacement measuring points on a vascular wall, and
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
A probe 101 and a monitor 107 are connected to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. A general purpose probe may be used as the probe 101. Or the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of this preferred embodiment may include the probe 101 by itself. To obtain a two-dimensional distribution of attribute property values of the arterial vascular wall tissue, the probe 101 is preferably a two- or three-dimensional array of probes. Anything may be used as the monitor 107 as long as it can display the results of measurements thereon.
A blood pressure value measuring section 108 and a sync signal detector 109 are further connected to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. The blood pressure value measuring section 108 may be a blood pressure manometer, for example, and measures the highest and lowest blood pressures of the subject and outputs them to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. The sync signal detector 109 may be an electrocardiograph, for example, and outputs a signal to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus synchronously with one cardiac cycle. As will be described in detail later, an R wave of the electrocardiogram obtained from the subject may be output to the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus.
Under the control of the control section 100, the transmitting section 102 generates a drive signal to drive the probe 101 that sends out an ultrasonic wave to the subject. As will be described in detail later, the transmitting section 102 generates first, second and third drive signals for mutually different purposes and outputs them to the probe 101. Each of these drive signals includes multiple pulse signals.
According to the present invention, in a received echo signal that has been obtained on the same acoustic line, its gain is changed between a faint echo region and an intense echo region thereof. If the gain values were changed halfway through a single received echo signal, then the magnitude of displacement measured would be inaccurate as described above. For that reason, two drive signals, which will be referred to herein as second and third drive signals, respectively, are used. Meanwhile, the first drive signal is used to determine whether some part of the measuring range on the acoustic line is an intense echo region or a faint echo region. These drive signals will be described in detail later.
The probe 101 includes a number of piezoelectric vibrators, each of which vibrates and produces an ultrasonic wave responsive to the drive signal applied thereto. More specifically, in response to the first, second and third drive signals applied by the transmitting section 102, three ultrasonic waves are produced and sent out toward the subject. The ultrasonic wave that has been reflected from the subject returns as an echo to the probe 101, which converts the received echo into an electrical signal and generates first, second and third detection signals.
As shown in
According to this preferred embodiment, to obtain a qualitative value, the received echo signals are digitized by the A/D converter 103c. That is why the upper limit of the A/D conversion dynamic range of the A/D converter 103c becomes the saturation level of the received echo signals. Nevertheless, the A/D converter is not an indispensable element according to the present invention. Even if the received echo signals are processed as they are as analog signals, there will also be an upper limit to the signal processing amplitude and that upper limit should be the saturation level of the received echo signals.
The storage section 110 stores the first received echo signal that has been digitized. By reference to the feature quantity of the first received echo signal that is stored in the storage section 110 (particularly the feature quantity about the signal intensity), the adjusting section 111 determines an intense echo region with a relatively high signal intensity and a faint echo region with a relatively low signal intensity in the measuring range on the acoustic line of the first received echo signal. In addition, based on the feature quantities about the signal intensities of the first received echo signal in the intense and faint echo regions, the adjusting section 111 determines the second and third gains. And the adjusting section 111 instructs the receiving section 103 to amplify the second and third detection signals with the respective gains determined.
The displacement measuring section 112 gets the second and third received echo signals from the receiving section 103 and measures the magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions by reference to the second and third received echo signals, respectively. The calculations to be made by the displacement measuring section 112 and the qualitative value calculating section 105 may be performed by the methods disclosed in Patent Document No. 1 and Non-Patent Document No. 1, for example.
By reference to the magnitudes of displacement in the intense and faint echo regions, the qualitative value calculating section 105 calculates the attribute property value in the measuring range of the subject, which may be elasticity, the magnitude of strain, or viscosity, to name a few. For example, by calculating the difference between the magnitudes of displacement of respective displacement measuring points in the intense and faint echo regions, the qualitative value calculating section 105 calculates the magnitude of thickness variation (i.e., the magnitude of strain) between two arbitrary measuring points. Furthermore, the qualitative value calculating section 105 gets information about the subject's highest and lowest blood pressures from the blood pressure value measuring section 108 and calculates the elasticity of the subject's tissue based on that information. The elasticity, magnitude of strain and other qualitative values calculated are output to the image synthesizing section 106.
The tomographic image processing section 104 includes various types of filters, detectors, logarithmic amplifiers, and other components, and analyzes mainly the amplitude of the received echo signal, thereby generating the data of a tomographic image representing the internal structure of the subject as an image. The tomographic image data thus generated is also output to the image synthesizing section 106.
The image synthesizing section 106 superimposes an image representing the two-dimensional distribution of elasticities, which has been generated by the qualitative value calculating section 105, on the tomographic image that has been provided by the tomographic image processing section 104 and gets the resultant synthetic image displayed on the monitor 107. The elasticities that have been obtained by the qualitative value calculating section 105 may be displayed either as they are (i.e., as numerical values) on the monitor 107 or as a graphic representation after having been subjected to statistical processing. Optionally, the display on the monitor 107 may be updated synchronously with the period of deformation of the subject.
Hereinafter, it will be described in further detail exactly how the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of this preferred embodiment operates.
A number of tomographic images such as the one shown in
c) shows a curve representing the distribution in the depth direction of received echo signal intensities, which were obtained on the acoustic line that is indicated by the dashed line 504 in
For that purpose, the first drive signal is used. Portion (a) of
A first detection signal that has been generated by the probe 101 is amplified by the receiving section 103 with a first gain, thereby generating a first received echo signal. That first gain has been determined in advance to be such a value that will not get the maximum amplitude portion of the first received echo signal 212 saturated. And the first received echo signal 212 is stored in the storage section 110.
The adjusting section 111 retrieves the data of the first received echo signal 212 from the storage section 110 and determines, based on the feature quantity of the first received echo signal 212, intense and faint echo regions within a measuring range on the acoustic line of the first received echo signal 212. The feature quantity representing the intensity of the first received echo signal is preferably calculated. For example, either the envelope detection waveform or the logarithmic representation of the first received echo signal may be used as the signal intensity curve 213. Alternatively, the absolute value of the first received echo signal may be obtained and used as the amplitude value as it is.
Next, a threshold value is set based on the maximum amplitude of the first received echo signal, for example. For example, if the maximum value S1 of the signal intensity curve 213 is supposed to be one (unity), one tenth of the maximum value may be set to be the threshold value. And portion of the signal intensity curve that has lower signal intensities than the threshold value may be determined to be the faint echo region 202 within the first received echo signal measuring range. More specifically, displacement measuring points, at which the signal intensities are smaller than the threshold value, are detected and determined to belong to the faint echo region 202. On the other hand, the other portions, at which the signal intensities are equal to or greater than the threshold value, are determined to be the intense echo regions 201. That is to say, displacement measuring points, at which the signal intensities are equal to or greater than the threshold value, are detected and determined to belong to the intense echo region 201. In portion (c) of
Subsequently, based on the feature quantity of the first received echo signal in the intense echo regions 201 (i.e., by reference to the signal intensity curve 213), the second gain is determined. In this case, the second gain is determined so that when the second received echo signal is amplified, the signal does not get saturated in the intense echo regions 201. Specifically, supposing the maximum value of the signal intensity curve 213 in the intense echo regions 201, the second gain, and the saturation level of the receiving section are identified by S1, G2 and Lmax, respectively, G2 is determined so that S1×G2 never exceeds Lmax. For example, S1×G2=0.8×Lmax may be satisfied.
In the same way, based on the feature quantity of the first received echo signal in the faint echo region 202 (i.e., by reference to the signal intensity curve 213), the third gain is determined. In this case, the third gain is determined so that when the third received echo signal is amplified, the signal does not get saturated in the faint echo region 202. Specifically, supposing the maximum value of the signal intensity curve 213 in the faint echo region 202, the third gain, and the saturation level of the receiving section 103 are identified by S2, G3 and Lmax, respectively, G3 is determined so that S3×G3 never exceeds Lmax. For example, S2×G3=0.8×Lmax may be satisfied. In that case, the third gain G3 is greater than the second gain G2.
Then, using the second and third gains that have been set as described above, the second and third drive signals are transmitted to make measurements. Specifically, the second drive signal 221 is generated as shown in portion (a) of
Next, the third drive signal 231 is generated as shown in portion (a) of
The second and third received echo signals that have been amplified as described above with the second and third gains, respectively, are output to the displacement measuring section 112, which obtains the magnitudes of displacement at the respective displacement measuring points. In this case, the displacement measuring section 112 gets information about the displacement measuring points falling within the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 from the adjusting section 111 and uses that information to calculate their magnitudes of displacement. As shown in
That is why the magnitudes of displacement can be measured with almost the same degree of accuracy in both a region with a relatively high signal intensity and a region with a relatively low signal intensity. As a result, even though the magnitude of displacement cannot be measured so accurately according to a conventional technique in a region where the received echo signal has a relatively low intensity, the magnitude of displacement in such a region can also be measured highly accurately according to the present invention.
Also, when attention is paid to each specific displacement measuring point, the magnitude of displacement is calculated using only the second received echo signal or the third received echo signal without changing the signals halfway one into the other. For that reason, the magnitude of displacement can be calculated correctly.
As described above, ultrasonic measurements are made several times per cardiac cycle. That is why the procedure described above needs to be performed a number of times. Nevertheless, as the signal intensity of a received echo signal depends on whether or not any difference has been made on the subject's tissue, the signal intensity obtained during the measurements will not vary significantly. That is to say, in a measuring range where the signal intensity should be low, the signal intensity is almost always low and never varies significantly. For that reason, once the intense echo region 201 and the faint echo region 202 have been determined and once the second and third gains have been determined, the received echo signals can always be amplified with the same values whenever measurement is made after that. Consequently, the procedure of determining the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains using the first drive signal has only to be done once (or a few times at most) in a cardiac cycle. As such a procedure may be carried out synchronously with a cardiac cycle, the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains could be determined once in several cardiac cycles, too.
In the example described above, the measurements are supposed to be made on a single acoustic line. Next, it will be described when to apply the drive signal in a situation where measurements are carried out two-dimensionally.
First of all, suppose the measurements are done for n frames in one cardiac cycle as shown in
The displacement measuring section 112 measures the magnitudes of displacement of respective displacement measuring points on each acoustic line by using the second and third received echo signals on an acoustic line basis as described above. In this manner, the magnitudes of displacement in the measuring range can be obtained two-dimensionally. As a result, an image representing the two-dimensional distribution of elasticities can be generated.
By determining the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains on an acoustic line basis as described above, measurements could be done accurately overall in the entire measuring range even if the subject' tissue were not uniform perpendicularly to the acoustic lines. Stated otherwise, if it is already known that the subject's tissue is uniform perpendicularly to the acoustic lines (e.g., if the given tomographic image clearly indicates that the carotid artery runs substantially parallel to the skin), the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains do not have to be determined on all acoustic lines. Alternatively, in that case, the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains may be determined only on some acoustic lines that have been selected at regular intervals, and measurements on the other non-selected acoustic lines may be carried out using the intense and faint echo regions 201 and 202 and the second and third gains that have been determined for an adjacent acoustic line.
As described above, according to the present invention, intense and faint echo regions, in which the received echo signal has relatively high and relatively low signal intensities, are defined within a measuring range on the subject by using the first received echo signal responsive to the first drive signal, and the second and third gains are determined based on the feature quantity about the signal intensities of the first received echo signal in the intense and faint echo regions. The second and third received echo signals, which have been amplified with the second and third gains determined, have been maximized as far as the signal intensities in the intense and faint echo regions are not saturated. That is why by calculating the magnitude of displacement and an attribute property value by using the second and third received echo signals for the intense and faint echo regions, respectively, almost equally accurate results of measurement can be obtained over the entire measuring range. Consequently, if the measuring range on the subject includes an arterial vascular wall, the magnitude of displacement can be obtained even in an intima-media region and its surrounding tissue with a relatively low received echo signal intensity almost as accurately as in the other region with a relatively high received echo signal intensity.
In the preferred embodiment described above, the adjusting section 111 determines the second and third gains based on the first received echo signal. However, as indicated by the dotted arrow in
For example, first of all, the first drive signal 211′ is generated as shown in
Also, in the preferred embodiment described above, the receiving section 103 includes only one gain control amplifier 103b. But the receiving section 103 may include two or more gain control amplifiers as well.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment described above, the second and third received echo signals responding to the second and third drive signals are used to make measurements on the intense and faint echo regions, respectively. However, the combinations may also be made the other way around. That is to say, the second received echo signal could be used to make measurement on the faint echo region and the third received echo signal could be used to make measurement on the intense echo region. In that case, the second gain should be greater than the third gain. Likewise, the second and third drive signals do not always have to be transmitted in this order, but the third drive signal could be transmitted earlier than the second drive signal, too.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment described above, based on the feature quantity about the signal intensity of the first received echo signal, the measuring range is supposed to be split into the intense and faint echo regions. However, the measuring range could also be divided into three or more regions. For example, if the measuring range needs to be divided into three regions, then two threshold values are set based on the feature quantity about the signal intensity of the first received echo signal, and intense, moderate and faint echo regions are defined within the measuring range on an acoustic line by using those two threshold values. And based on the feature quantities about the signal intensities of the first received echo signal in those three regions defined, second, third and fourth gains G2, G3 and G4 are determined. Furthermore, second, third and fourth drive signals are generated and applied to get second, third and fourth detection signals, respectively, which are then amplified with the second, third and fourth gains G2, G3 and G4, respectively, thereby obtaining second, third and fourth received echo signals. In that case, the displacement measuring section can measure the magnitudes of displacement at respective displacement measuring points in the intense, moderate and faint echo regions based on the second, third and fourth received echo signals, respectively.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment described above, the number of received signals for use to obtain data of one frame agrees with the number of divided regions defined in the measuring range. Specifically, in the preferred embodiment described above, the measuring range is split into two echo regions and data of one frame is obtained using the second and third received echo signals. However, the number of received echo signals to make up one frame may be greater than the number of divided regions that form the measuring range. For example, the intense and faint echo regions may be defined in the measuring range and data of one frame may be made up of three or more received signals. More specifically, even when the intense and faint echo regions are defined in the measuring range as in the preferred embodiment described above, data of one frame may also be obtained by using second, third and fourth received echo signals responding to second, third and fourth drive signals, respectively. In that case, the second received echo signal is amplified with the second gain, and the third and fourth received echo signals are amplified with the third gain. Also, the magnitude of displacement in the intense echo region is measured using the second received echo signal and the magnitude of displacement in the faint echo region is measured using the third and fourth received echo signals. If the two magnitudes of displacement that have been calculated for the faint echo region using the third and fourth received echo signals, respectively, have their average calculated and used as the magnitude of displacement in the faint echo region, the influence of noise can be reduced significantly.
As can be seen, the magnitude of displacement in the same kind of echo region may be measured using the same gain but two or more received echo signals. That is to say, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of the present invention may transmit N different (where N is an integer that is equal to or greater than three) drive signals, including a first drive signal, generate a first received echo signal and (N−1) received echo signals, and divide the measuring range into M different kinds (where M is an integer that falls within the range of 2 to N−1) of echo regions.
Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment described above, the subject is supposed to be deformed actively due to his or her heartbeat. However, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus of the present invention can also measure highly accurately an attribute property (such as the elasticity) of even a non-actively-deformable tissue such as a static organ.
When the elasticity of the static organ 352 is measured, the probe 101 transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, while the static organ 352 of the subject 351 is periodically pressured and relaxed by the vibrator 310. In this case, the vibrator 310 outputs a trigger signal to the storage section 110, the adjusting section 111, the qualitative value calculating section 105 and the image synthesizing section 106 synchronously with one period of vibration, thereby getting the measurement done as described above. As a result, the thickness variation (i.e., the magnitude of strain) between the measuring points that have been set in the static organ 352 can be measured. In addition, the difference between the pressures applied to the subject 351 due to the vibrations produced by the vibrator 310 can also be obtained. As a result, the elasticity can be calculated based on the magnitudes of the thickness variation and the pressure difference.
If the vibrator 310 is used in this manner, the elasticity of a non-living subject can also be measured. For example, the elasticity of an elastic tube may be measured to determine how much the tube has deteriorated.
An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention can be used effectively to measure an internal qualitative value of a subject. Among other things, the present invention can be used particularly effectively to measure highly accurately a qualitative value of a subject that includes portions with quite different echo intensities.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-172439 | Jul 2008 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/002954 | 6/26/2009 | WO | 00 | 12/16/2010 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010/001564 | 1/7/2010 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060058649 | Tamano et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20080081993 | Waki | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 59-060378 | Apr 1984 | JP |
| 2507383 | Apr 1996 | JP |
| 2000-229078 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| 2003-225238 | Aug 2003 | JP |
| 2006-181052 | Jul 2006 | JP |
| 2006-230618 | Sep 2006 | JP |
| 2008-272308 | Nov 2008 | JP |
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|---|
| International Search Report for corresponding International Application No. PCT/JP2009/002954 mailed Jul. 28, 2009. |
| Kanai et al., “Inner Vision”, 20.9, pp. 31-33, 2005 and concise English explanation. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110096958 A1 | Apr 2011 | US |
