Patent Application
20140364776
The present invention relates to an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment, and more particularly to an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment by using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).
One approach to treating a diseased tissue, such as a cancerous tumor, is surgical removal. However, surgical removal is invasive, and may be complicated and time consuming. Additionally, surgical treatment requires the selective treatment for each type of diseased tissues. Surgical treatment can also result in serious complications, such as from anesthesia. Clearly, a more comprehensive and non-invasive treatment of similar or better efficacy than surgical removal is desirable.
For example, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been demonstrated to be a safe modality to treat diseased tissue noninvasively. For example, HIFU has been used to treat liver cancer, ovary cancer, prostrate cancer, kidney cancer and testicular cancer. A HIFU system has an ultrasound transducer to transmit ultrasound waves which pass through the body skin of an animal and are focused on a to-be-treated tissue, such as a liver tumor. The incident focused ultrasound waves are absorbed and converted into heat at the focal point, known as the biological focal region (BFR), resulting in thermal ablation of the tumor cells. The high intensity ultrasound waves also further cause the tissue bubbles to oscillate steadily resulting in shear stresses that cause tumor cell damage, this is known as “stable cavitation”. The above-mentioned certain pressure threshold bubbles explode vigorously resulting in localized high acoustic pressure that causes tumor tissue damage, this is known as “inertial cavitation”.
However, although the transmitting power of the therapeutic transducer can be increased to improve the therapeutic efficiency, the normal tissue along the pathway of the ultrasound transmission is more likely to be burned in a high-intensity ultrasound environment. In addition, at present, when the HIFU technique is clinically applied to a hepatic tumor, the hepatic tumor is blocked by the ribs in the pathway of the ultrasound transmission, and the ultrasound transmission will heat and burn the rib tissue to cause damage of the ribs. Thus, before the therapy of HIFU, it is suggested to surgically remove the ribs in advance, in order to increase the energy deposition at the target location, shorten the treatment time and improve therapeutic effects. As a result, the noninvasiveness of HIFU treatment cannot be ensured, which is undesirable for the patients and doctors.
The above-mentioned problems have disadvantageously limited the use of the HIFU treatment as a technique for clinical practice. Therefore, the technical problems with respect to increasing the energy deposition at target location, effectively treating the deep-seated tumors without damaging the surrounding normal tissue (such as ribs) in the acoustic pathway, and treating a hepatic tumor that is blocked by the ribs without surgical removal of the ribs, need to be solved urgently.
It is therefore tried by the inventor to develop an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment to solve the problems existing in the conventional HIFU treatment, as described above.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment, which has a barrier element having an outline matched with the to-be-protected region for shielding the to-be-protected region, so as to reflect or absorb ultrasound waves/energy and thus avoid energy accumulation in the to-be-protected region during an ultrasound focusing treatment of a to-be-treated tumor.
A secondary object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment, wherein the thickness of the barrier element along a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves is designed to cause that the barrier element has a transmission coefficient equal to 1. Thus, the barrier element can block a portion of the ultrasound waves to protect ribs from being heated and burned, while other portion of the ultrasound waves still can transmit and pass through a space between each two of adjacent barrier elements to be focused on a hepatic tumor behind the ribs.
A third object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment, wherein the barrier element is made of plastic deformation material or elastic deformation material, so that the barrier element can be temporarily, permanently or elastically deformed to have a curved configuration which is advantageous to substantially match with a profile of the body surface of the animal.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment, which has a positioning element, such as an adhesive layer, a tightening belt or an elastic band, which is used to position the barrier element on the body surface during the ultrasound focusing treatment, wherein the adhesive layer is made of thermal insulation material to protect the body surface from being burned by heat from the barrier element.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment which comprises:
a barrier element attached to a body surface of an animal outside a to-be-protected region and a to-be-treated tumor in turn, wherein the barrier element has an outline matched with the to-be-protected region to thus shield the to-be-protected region, so as to avoid energy accumulation in the to-be-protected region during an ultrasound focusing treatment of the to-be-treated tumor; and
a positioning element positioning the barrier element on the body surface during the ultrasound focusing treatment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element is an ultrasound reflection plate to reflect ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe during the ultrasound focusing treatment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element is an ultrasound absorption plate to absorb ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe during the ultrasound focusing treatment.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element comprises: an ultrasound reflection plate and an ultrasound absorption plate to reflect and absorb the ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe during the ultrasound focusing treatment, respectively, wherein the ultrasound absorption plate is connection to the ultrasound reflection plate and relatively close to the ultrasound probe.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element is a tubular reactive muffler which comprises an outer ultrasound reflection plate and an inner ultrasound absorption plate to reflect and absorb the ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe during the ultrasound focusing treatment, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the tubular reactive muffler further comprises an opening, a channel and a resonance cavity in turn, and the resonance cavity is communicated with the channel to attenuate the ultrasound waves. An extension direction of the opening, the channel and the resonance cavity is parallel to (or perpendicular to) a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element is at least one tubular acoustic filter, each of which comprises an outer ultrasound reflection plate and an inner ultrasound absorption plate to reflect and absorb the ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe during the ultrasound focusing treatment, respectively.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the tubular acoustic filter further comprises a first opening, a channel and a second opening in turn, and a middle portion of the channel has a middle expanded chamber to attenuate the ultrasound waves. An extension direction of the first opening, the channel and the second opening is parallel to (or perpendicular to) a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the barrier element along a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves is a value, in which the barrier element has a transmission coefficient equal to 1.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the barrier element is calculated by an equation, as follows: T=1.5 mm×N/M when the frequency of the ultrasound waves is 0.5 MHz×M, wherein T is the thickness of the barrier element, N is a positive integer ranged from 1 to 10, and M is a positive number ranged from 1 to 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element is made of plastic deformation material or elastic deformation material, so that the barrier element is deformed to match with a profile of the body surface.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the positioning element is an adhesive layer which is made of thermal insulation material and adhered to a surface of the barrier element relatively close to the body surface.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the positioning element is a tightening belt or an elastic band, which is made of thermal insulation material and has two tying ends tied on two ends of the barrier element.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the barrier element has an outline matched with a bone, such as a rib.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasound focusing treatment is high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), wherein the frequency of the ultrasound waves is 0.5-5 MHz, wherein the frequency of ultrasound waves transmitted from an ultrasound probe is 0.5-5 MHz.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasound absorption plate is made of ultrasound absorption material, wherein a perforation rate of pores or perforation holes in the ultrasound absorption material is 0.05-0.6, and the diameter of the pores or perforation holes is smaller than ½ of the wavelength of the ultrasound waves.
Furthermore, the present invention provides another ultrasound energy barrier for avoiding energy accumulation in a to-be-protected region during tumor treatment which comprises;
a barrier element attached to a body surface of an animal outside a to-be-protected region and a to-be-treated tumor in turn, wherein the barrier element has an outline matched with the to-be-protected region to thus shield the to-be-protected region, so as to avoid energy accumulation in the to-be-protected region during an ultrasound focusing treatment of the to-be-treated tumor.
The structure and the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above and other objects can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, directional terms described by the present invention, such as upper, lower, front, back, left, right, inner, outer, side, longitudinal/vertical, transverse/horizontal, and etc., are only directions by referring to the accompanying drawings, and thus the used directional terms are used to describe and understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Referring now to
Furthermore, the adhesive layer 12 is preferably made of thermal insulation material, such as various economically available thermal-insulation adhesive material, especially waterproof thermal-insulation adhesive material, such as a thermal-tape made of acrylic polymer, silicone elastomer filled with ceramic particles, thermosetting adhesive filled with boron nitride particles, and the like, but not limited thereto. The adhesive layer 12 does not absorb ultrasound waves and can bear at least 65-100° C. A front surface of the adhesive layer 12 is adhered to a rear surface of the ultrasound reflection plate 11 relatively close to the body surface of the animal. A rear surface of the adhesive layer 12 is combined with a release film (not-shown) before use, and the rear surface of the adhesive layer 12 is used to adhere to the body surface when starting to execute the ultrasound focusing treatment of the to-be-treated tumor. The adhesive layer 12 made of thermal insulation material also can be used to protect the body surface from being burned by heat from the barrier element after reflecting or absorbing the ultrasound waves.
Referring to
Referring to
In the first, second or third embodiment of the present invention, the ultrasound reflection material and/or ultrasound absorption material of the barrier element is preferably plastic deformation material or elastic deformation material, so that the barrier element can be temporarily, permanently or elastically deformed to have a curved configuration which is advantageous to substantially match with a profile of the body surface of the animal.
Referring now to
Furthermore, the thermocouple units 40 are a plurality of probes electrically connected to a data acquisition unit 41 (DAQ) and a computer 42 in turn, wherein the thermocouple units 40 are used to detect temperature variation, the data acquisition unit 41 is used to collect the data of temperature variation; and the computer 42 is used to process and store the data. The thermocouple units 40 are vertically inserted into a rear surface of the biological phantom 30 based on a plurality of fixed insertion depths and arranged in an array manner, respectively, so as to construct a plurality of internal 2D planes to commonly build up a thermal detection field for detecting the temperature variation in the biological phantom 30 behind the ribs 31. For example, 5×5 of the thermocouple units 40 construct a 2D plane, and there are five 2D planes in five different fixed insertion depths, i.e. totally, 5×5×5 of the thermocouple units 40 construct a thermal detection field in the biological phantom 30. Meanwhile, a portion of the thermocouple units 40 (such as three of the thermocouple units 40) are inserted into a top surface of the biological phantom 30 and in contact with the front surface of each of the ribs 31 (such as three ribs 31) for detecting the temperature variation of each of the ribs 31.
Moreover, a plurality of ultrasound energy barriers 10 (such as the ultrasound energy barriers 10 as shown in
Referring to
Briefly, the thickness of the barrier element is calculated by an equation, as follows: T=1.5 mm×NIM when the frequency of the ultrasound waves is 0.5 MHz×M, wherein T is the thickness of the barrier element, N is a positive integer ranged from 1 to 10, and M is a positive number ranged from 1 to 10. For example, the thickness (T) of the barrier element can be 1.5 mm, 3 mm, 4.5 mm, 6 mm, 7.5 mm or 9 mm when frequency of the ultrasound waves is 0.5 MHz (i.e. M=1); the thickness (T) of the barrier element can be 0.75 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.25 mm, 3 mm, 3.75 mm or 4.5 mm when frequency of the ultrasound waves is 1.0 MHz (i.e. M=2).
Referring to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Furthermore, the tubular reactive muffler (the barrier element) further comprises an opening 15, a channel 16 and a resonance cavity 17 in turn, wherein the resonance cavity 17 is communicated with the channel 16 and has no opening at the other side. An extension direction of the opening 15, the channel 16 and the resonance cavity 17 can be parallel to a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves. Thus, the ultrasound waves transmitted from the ultrasound probe can enter the channel 16 and the resonance cavity 17 from the opening 15 and will be attenuated by the reflection of the outer ultrasound reflection plate 11, the absorption of the inner ultrasound absorption plate 13 and the resonance of the resonance cavity 17, so that it can efficiently avoid energy accumulation in the ribs 51 during the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of the hepatic tumor 53, as shown in
In alternative embodiment, the extension direction of the opening 15, the channel 16 and the resonance cavity 17 also can be perpendicular to a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves, in this case,
Referring now to
Furthermore, the tubular reactive muffler (the barrier element) further comprises a first opening 15A, a channel 16 and a second opening 15B in turn, and the channel 16 has a middle expanded chamber 18 to attenuate the ultrasound waves, wherein the middle expanded chamber 18 is communicated with the channel 16 and formed on a middle portion of the channel 16. An extension direction of the first opening 15A, the channel 16 and the second opening 15B can be parallel to a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves. Thus, the ultrasound waves transmitted from the ultrasound probe can enter the channel 16 and the resonance cavity 17 from the first opening 15A and will be attenuated by the reflection of the outer ultrasound reflection plate 11, the absorption of the inner ultrasound absorption plate 13 and the attenuation of the middle expanded chamber 18, so that it can efficiently avoid energy accumulation in the ribs 51 during the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment of the hepatic tumor 53, as shown in
In alternative embodiment, the extension direction of the first opening 15A, the channel 16 and the second opening 15B also can be perpendicular to a transmission direction of the ultrasound waves, in this case,
Referring now to
Furthermore, if an external positioning tool can be used to hold and position the barrier element, the positioning element in the first to seventh embodiments (i.e. the adhesive layer 12 or the tightening belt 14) also can be selectively omitted to simplify the entire structure of the ultrasound energy barrier. Moreover, the type of the barrier element in the fourth to seventh embodiments can be selected from any type of the barrier element in the first to third embodiments, i.e. can select to only use an ultrasound reflection plate 11, only use an ultrasound absorption plate 13, or simultaneously use an ultrasound reflection plate 11 and an ultrasound absorption plate 13 based on actual desire.
As described above, in comparison with the traditional HIFU which is applied to a hepatic tumor and easily blocked by the ribs in the pathway of the ultrasound transmission to inevitably heat and burn the ribs, the ultrasound energy barrier of the present invention, as shown in
The present invention has been described with a preferred embodiment thereof and it is understood that many changes and modifications to the described embodiment can be carried out without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention that is intended to be limited only by the appended claims.
