Patent Application
20110003150
The present invention relates to fiber-reinforced, composite materials.
One particular class of fiber-reinforced, composite materials includes narrow, flat tape materials comprising a plurality of substantially parallel, structural fibers that are impregnated with an uncured polymeric resin, known as a “prepreg tape.” Such tape materials are assembled or “laid-up” into plies, often using automated fiber placement processes, to form uncured, composite assemblies that are subsequently consolidated and cured, typically using heat and pressure, to form fiber-reinforced, composite workpieces. These tape materials typically exhibit generally rectangular cross-sections having large width-to-thickness aspect ratios.
It is often desirable to have different types of structural fibers in a composite workpiece. For example, it is often advantageous to include graphite fibers and glass fibers in a workpiece so that the workpiece is both strong and has sufficient fracture toughness. Conventionally, such workpieces are constructed by laying up composite plies containing graphite fibers with additional plies or partial plies containing glass fibers. When using automated fiber placement equipment, however, only one type of fibers, e.g., either graphite fibers or glass fibers, can be applied at any one time. To change fiber types, all of the composite prepreg material feeding the automated fiber placement equipment must be changed out, which both time consuming and laborious. Alternatively, one type of material remains loaded in the automated fiber placement machine and material containing the other type of material is hand laid-up onto the fiber-placed workpiece, which prevents full utilization of expensive automated fiber placement equipment.
There are many designs of resin-impregnated, structural fiber forms well known in the art; however, considerable shortcomings remain.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, the invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the leftmost significant digit(s) in the reference numerals denote(s) the first figure in which the respective reference numerals appear, wherein:
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
In the specification, reference may be made to the spatial relationships between various components and to the spatial orientation of various aspects of components as the devices are depicted in the attached drawings. However, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the devices, members, apparatuses, etc. described herein may be positioned in any desired orientation. Thus, the use of terms such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” or other like terms to describe a spatial relationship between various components or to describe the spatial orientation of aspects of such components should be understood to describe a relative relationship between the components or a spatial orientation of aspects of such components, respectively, as the device described herein may be oriented in any desired direction.
An uncured, composite rope including a plurality of different fiber materials is disclosed. The rope comprises a plurality of outer tows disposed about one or more inner tows. At least one of the outer tows comprises a fiber material that is different from the fiber material of at least one of the inner tows. In one embodiment, an inner tow of the rope comprises a graphite fiber material and the outer tows comprise a glass fiber material. Other combinations of materials are contemplated by the present invention. The rope can be applied using conventional, automated fiber placement equipment. Different materials can, thus, be combined in a precise manner and deposited in a single operation. Use of the uncured, composite rope results in stronger, lighter, tougher composite parts than are conventionally possible.
In the illustrated embodiment, outer tows 103a-103f comprise structural fibers that are different in composition than the structural fibers of inner tow 105. For example, in one particular embodiment, outer tows 103a-103f comprise glass fibers, while inner tow 105 comprises graphite fibers. Other configurations, however, are contemplated by the present invention. For example, in an alternative embodiment, outer tows 103a-103f comprise graphite fibers, while inner tow 105 comprises glass fibers. The particular types of fibers for tows 103a-103f and 105 are implementation specific. Any combination of fiber materials that is suitable for a particular implementation may be used in tows 103a-103f and 105.
It may be desirable in certain implementations for one or more of the outer tows to comprise the same fiber material as the inner tow or tows. Accordingly,
In other implementations, it may be desirable for one or more of the outer tows to comprise a fiber material that is different from either the other outer tows or the inner tow or tows. Accordingly,
It should be noted that any number of different materials may be combined in an uncured, composite rope. For example, an uncured, composite rope may include two inner tows that comprise different fiber materials. In another example, an uncured, composite rope may include more than two different fiber materials in the outer tows. The scope of the present invention is not limited by the number of inner tows, the number of outer tows, or the particular combination or number of fiber materials used in the uncured, composite rope.
Ropes 101, 201, and 301 comprise outer tows, i.e., tows 103a-103f, 203a-203f, and 303a-303f, respectively, that are substantially the same diameter in cross section as the one or more inner tows, i.e., tows 105, 205, and 305, respectively. The scope of the present invention, however, is not so limited. Rather, the outer tows may be larger or smaller in cross-sectional diameter than the one or more inner tows.
For example,
As discussed herein, the outer tows of the uncured, composite rope are disposed about one or more inner tows. Preferably, the outer tows are twisted, braided, or plaited about the one or more inner tows. For example,
In one embodiment, at least tows 603, 605, 607, and 609 are individually twisted in a direction opposite the twist of rope 601 to help retain rope 601 in a twisted configuration. For example, if rope 601 is a right-hand twisted rope, then, in such an embodiment, tows 603, 605, 607, and 609 are left-hand twisted tows. Conversely, in such an embodiment, if rope 601 is a left-hand twisted rope, then tows 603, 605, 607, and 609 are right-hand twisted tows. Uncured resin that is impregnated into tows 603, 605, 607, 609, and 611 further aids in retaining rope 601 in a twisted configuration.
It should be noted that any combination of fiber materials that is suitable for a particular implementation may be used in tows 603, 605, 607, 609, and 611. For example, rope 601 may have a configuration corresponding to any of ropes 101, 201, 301, 401, or 501.
Rope 601 has a twisted form. The scope of the present invention, however, is not so limited. Rather, an uncured, composite rope may comprise a plurality of tows that has a woven or braided configuration. For example,
It should be noted that any combination of fiber materials that is suitable for a particular implementation may be used in the outer tows, such as outer tow 703, and the one or more inner tows, such as inner tow 705. For example, rope 701 may have a configuration corresponding to any of ropes 101, 201, 301, 401, or 501.
Woven or braided forms other than that shown in
Resin-impregnated, structural fiber ropes 101, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601, 701, and 801 are generally round in cross-section, although other cross-sectional shapes are contemplated by the present invention. For example, a resin-impregnated, structural fiber rope may have a cross-sectional shape that is generally oval, rounded rectangular, or the like. In one particular embodiment, ropes 101, 201, 301, and 401 exhibit generally round cross-sectional shapes having diameters less than about 2 millimeters. In another embodiment, ropes 101, 201, 301, and 401 exhibit generally round cross-sectional shapes having diameters within a range of about 0.7 millimeters to about 1.6 millimeters.
The present invention provides significant advantages, including: (1) the ability to deposit different materials in a single automated fiber placement operation; and (2) the ability to produce stronger, lighter, tougher composite parts than conventionally possible.
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below. It is apparent that an invention with significant advantages has been described and illustrated. Although the present invention is shown in a limited number of forms, it is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2008/055342 | 2/28/2008 | WO | 00 | 8/24/2010 |
