Patent Application
20140213206
The present disclosure relates to an undersampled receiver and more particularly relates to characterization of an undersampled receiver.
An undersampled receiver generally includes a downconversion subsystem that downconverts a radio frequency signal to a desired intermediate frequency. The resulting intermediate frequency signal is then undersampled by an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The undersampled receiver exploits aliasing in the sampling process to enable a lower sample rate of the A/D converter. One example of an undersampled receiver is disclosed in commonly owned and assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,580,686, entitled ADAPTIVE PREDISTORTION METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT, which issued Aug. 25, 2009. Specifically, U.S. Pat. No. 7,580,686 discloses an undersampled Transmit Observation Receiver (TOR) as part of a power amplifier linearization architecture. An input signal of the transmitter is undersampled in the same manner as the undersampled TOR output to allow a direct comparison between the undersampled input signal of the transmitter and the undersampled TOR output to drive adaptation of predistortion in the transmitter to compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier.
One issue with an undersampled receiver is that the undersampled receiver cannot be easily characterized across the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled receiver, particularly for wideband signals. More specifically, if the input bandwidth of the undersampled receiver spans multiple Nyquist zones of an A/D converter of the undersampled receiver, then images of the undersampled signal will overlap. As a result, multiple frequencies of an input signal of the undersampled receiver may alias into the same frequency in an output signal of the undersampled receiver. Due to this aliasing, the undersampled receiver is not easily characterized across the entire input bandwidth.
Systems and methods for characterizing an undersampled receiver are disclosed. In one embodiment, one or more probe signals are provided to an input of an undersampled receiver. Each of the one or more probe signals has selective frequency components that ensure that aliases in a corresponding output signal of the undersampled receiver are unique. The undersampled receiver is then characterized based on the output signal(s) of the undersampled receiver. The selective frequency components of the one or more probe signals enable un-aliasing of the one or more output signals of the undersampled receiver and, as such, the undersampled receiver can be characterized.
In one embodiment, each of the one or more probe signals is a multi-subcarrier signal having selective subcarriers that are selected from a set of all possible subcarriers of the multi-subcarrier signal such that aliases in the corresponding output signal of the undersampled receiver are unique. The selective subcarriers may be modulated using a desired modulation scheme (e.g., Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)). In another embodiment, each of the one or more probe signals is a multi-tone signal having selective tones that are selected from a set of all possible tones of the multi-tone signal such that aliases in the corresponding output signal of the undersampled receiver are unique. The selective tones may be modulated using a desired modulation scheme (e.g., QPSK).
In one embodiment, the one or more probe signals are a single probe signal. The single probe signal has selective frequency components that span an entire bandwidth of a receive band of the undersampled receiver for which characterization is desired. The bandwidth of the receive band is also referred to herein as an input bandwidth of the undersampled receiver. Further, the selective frequency components of the single probe signal are selected such that aliases in a single output signal of the undersampled receiver in response to the single probe signal are unique.
In another embodiment, the one or more probe signals are multiple probe signals successively provided to the input of the undersampled receiver. Each of the probe signals has selective frequency components in a different portion of a receive band of the undersampled receiver. Further, in one embodiment, each of the probe signals has selective frequency components in a different portion of the receive band of the undersampled receiver that corresponds to a different Nyquist zone of an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter of the undersampled receiver.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the present disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments in association with the accompanying drawing figures.
The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
The present disclosure relates to characterizing an undersampled receiver. As used herein, an undersampled receiver is a receiver having a sampling rate that is less than two times a highest frequency of an input signal of the undersampled receiver. In the discussion below, the undersampled receiver is an undersampled Transmit Observation Receiver (TOR). However, the present disclosure is not limited to an undersampled TOR. Rather, the concepts described herein are applicable to any type of undersampled receiver.
The predistorted transmit signal output by the DPD subsystem 16 is upconverted and digital-to-analog converted by the upconversion and D/A conversion subsystem 18. Notably, while not illustrated, the upconversion and D/A conversion subsystem 18 may include additional gain and/or filtering stages. The output of the upconversion and D/A conversion subsystem 18 is then amplified by the PA 20 to provide a radio frequency transmit signal at an output of the transmitter 12. The radio frequency transmit signal is filtered by the TX filter 24 to remove undesired frequency components (e.g., undesired IMD) that fall outside of the desired transmit band. The filtered radio frequency transmit signal is then transmitted via an antenna 26.
In this embodiment, the system 10 includes a feedback path including the undersampled TOR 14 that is utilized to adaptively configure the DPD subsystem 16. In particular, a coupler 28 couples the output of the transmitter 12 to an input of the undersampled TOR 14. The undersampled TOR 14 downconverts the radio frequency transmit signal output by the transmitter 12 to a desired intermediate frequency and then, using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 30, samples the downconverted signal at a desired undersampling rate to provide a digital TOR output signal. Notably, the term “undersampling rate” is used herein to refer to a sampling rate that is less than the Nyquist sampling rate (i.e., the undersampling rate is a sampling rate that is less than 2 times a highest frequency of the sampled signal). It should also be noted that while in this example the radio frequency transmit signal is downconverted to a desired intermediate frequency prior to analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In an alternative embodiment, there may be no downconversion prior to A/D conversion where undersampling is utilized to perform both downconversion and undersampling.
The digital TOR output signal is provided to a first input of a subtractor 32. An adjusted version of the digital transmit signal is provided to a second input of the subtractor 32. The adjusted version of the digital transmit signal is provided by passing the digital transmit signal through a channel estimate function 34 that is a model of a channel from the output of the transmitter 12 to the output of the undersampled TOR 14 and an undersampling (US) function 36 that has the same undersampling rate as the undersampled TOR 14. The subtractor 32 outputs an error signal that is equal to a difference between the adjusted version of the digital transmit signal and the digital TOR output signal. The DPD subsystem 16 is calibrated based on the error signal. In particular, the DPD subsystem 16 is adaptively configured to minimize, or at least substantially reduce, the error signal.
As discussed below in detail, in order to calibrate the channel estimate function 34, the system 10 operates in a characterization mode in which one or more probe signals are transmitted via the transmitter 12 and received by the undersampled TOR 14. In one particular embodiment, the transmitter 12 is a digital transmitter as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0098191, entitled METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL UP-CONVERSION, which published Apr. 22, 2010, which is incorporated herein for its teachings related to a digital transmitter. Note, however, that while in the embodiment of
Each of the one or more probe signals is such that all aliases in the corresponding digital TOR output signal in response to the probe signal are unique. As a result, an undersampled TOR characterization function 38 of the baseband processor 22 is enabled to “un-alias” the digital TOR output signal(s) output by the undersampled TOR 14 in response to the probe signal(s). Using the un-aliased digital TOR output signal(s), the undersampled TOR characterization function 38 is enabled to characterize the undersampled TOR 14 across an entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14. Preferably, characterizing the undersampled TOR 14 includes estimating a frequency response (e.g., amplitude and phase) of the undersampled TOR 14 across the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14.
Before discussing characterization of the undersampled TOR 14 in detail, a brief discussion of aliasing that results from the undersampling performed by the undersampled TOR 14 is beneficial. In this regard,
In this example, an undersampling rate (fS) of the ADC 30 is 245.76 Mega Samples per second (MSps). As such, as illustrated in
For each probe signal, the frequency components of the one or more probe signals are selected such that all aliases of the frequency components of the probe signal are at unique frequencies. In other words, the frequency components of the probe signal are selected such that no two aliases are at the same frequency. As discussed below in detail, in one embodiment, a single probe signal is provided to the input of the undersampled TOR 14, where the single probe signal has selective frequency components that span the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14 and ensure that aliases in the digital TOR output signal are unique. In another embodiment, multiple probe signals are successively provided to the input of the undersampled TOR 14 where each of the probe signals has selective frequency components that span a different portion of the input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14 and ensure that aliases in the digital TOR output signal are unique.
As discussed above, in one particular embodiment, the transmitter 12 is a digital transmitter such as, for example, the digital transmitter disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0098191, and the transmitter 12 generates the one or more probe signals. In this case, due to the digital nature of the signal synthesis of the one or more probe signals and the undersampled TOR output signal, spacing of selective frequency components of the one or more probe signals is essentially arbitrary. As such, any desired resolution can be achieved. Note, however, that the selective frequency components of each probe signal are still selected such that all aliases in the corresponding output signal of the undersampled TOR 14 in response to the probe signal are unique.
One or more digital TOR output signals are received from the output of the undersampled TOR 14 in response to the one or more probe signals (step 102). The undersampled TOR 14 is then characterized based on the one or more digital TOR output signals (step 104). The undersampled TOR 14 can be characterized by comparing the one or more digital TOR output signals with the one or more probe signals. More specifically, for each probe signal, all aliases in the corresponding digital TOR output signal are unique. As such, each digital TOR output signal can be un-aliased such that the contribution of each frequency component of the corresponding probe signal in the digital TOR output signal can be determined. After the un-aliasing, the one or more digital TOR output signals can be compared to the corresponding one or more probe signals to characterize the undersampled TOR 14. In one embodiment, characterization of the undersampled TOR 14 includes determining a frequency response of the undersampled TOR 14 across the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14.
Next, a digital TOR output signal is received from the output of the undersampled TOR 14 in response to the probe signal (step 202). The undersampled TOR 14 is then characterized based on the digital TOR output signal (step 204). More specifically, since the aliases in the digital TOR output signal are unique, the digital TOR output signal can be un-aliased such that the contribution of each frequency component of the probe signal in the digital TOR output signal can be determined. In one embodiment, characterization of the undersampled TOR 14 includes determining a frequency response of the undersampled TOR 14 across the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14.
First, a probe signal that includes selective frequency components that spans a first portion of the bandwidth of receive band of the undersampled TOR 14 is provided to the input of the undersampled TOR 14 (step 300). In this embodiment, the first portion of the bandwidth of the receive band of the undersampled TOR 14 is a portion of the bandwidth of the receive band of the undersampled TOR 14 in one Nyquist zone. As a result, the selective frequency components of the probe signal ensure that aliases in the digital TOR output signal in response to the probe signal are unique. However, as noted above, in an alternative embodiment, the first portion of the bandwidth of the receive band may span more than one Nyquist zone. In one embodiment, the probe signal is an OFDM or OFDM-like signal having multiple carrier frequencies or multiple frequency tones in the first portion of the bandwidth of the receive band of the undersampled TOR 14. However, the probe signal is not limited thereto and may alternatively be a time domain signal designed to have multiple separate and distinct frequency components in the first portion of the bandwidth of the receive band of the undersampled TOR 14. Further, each selective frequency component may or may not be modulated. For example, each subcarrier or frequency tone may be modulated using a QPSK modulation scheme.
Next, a digital TOR output signal is received from the output of the undersampled TOR 14 in response to the probe signal (step 302). Steps 300 and 302 are then repeated for one or more additional probe signals that have selective frequency components for one or more different portions of the bandwidth of the receive band of the undersampled TOR 14 (step 304). The undersampled TOR 14 is then characterized based on the digital TOR output signals received in response to the probe signals (step 306). More specifically, for each probe signal, all aliases in the corresponding digital TOR output signal are unique. As such, each of the digital TOR output signals can be un-aliased such that the contribution of each frequency component of the corresponding probe signal in the digital TOR output signal can be determined. In one embodiment, characterization of the undersampled TOR 14 includes determining a frequency response of the undersampled TOR 14 across the entire input bandwidth of the undersampled TOR 14.
As a result, for the first pass, the digital TOR output signal received in response to the probe signal for the first pass includes unique aliases, as illustrated in
One advantage of the systems and methods disclosed herein is to allow characterization of an undersampled receiver even though the receiver itself results in a large amount of aliasing. The undersampled receiver is a very useful concept in wideband applications as it enables using a much lower sample rate to observe a wideband signal and consequently allows a much lower computational rate to determine DPD parameters. By combining an undersampled receiver with ‘characterization,’ it is possible to gain the advantages of the undersampled receiver while enabling the use of lower performance (e.g. flatness of a filter, etc.) components due to the ability to digitally compensate the reference signal.
The following acronyms are used throughout this disclosure.
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.
