Patent Grant
7526550
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to the field of data processing systems and, more particularly, to a system and method for a unified logging service having a log viewer.
Logging is employed within virtually all data networks. “Logging” refers generally to recording network-related and/or application-related information in response to one or more predefined network/application events. For example, when an end-user opens a TCP connection to a server, or unsuccessfully attempts to gain access to network resources (e.g., by attempting to log in to a particular server), this information is typically recorded as an entry within a log file. Similarly, if a variable within an application rises above a specified threshold value, a log entry indicating the value and the date and time that the threshold value was exceeded may be stored within a log file. Logging techniques may be employed to record any specified network/application event. Network administrators may then review the log files to identify security issues and/or troubleshoot network problems.
Logging functionality is provided within the Java™ 2 Standard Edition (“J2 SE™”) platform and the Java 2 Enterprise Edition “J2EE™”, platform. Referring to
Each logger 110, 112, 114 may have a threshold “Level” associated with it which reflects a minimum defined logging value (e.g., priority level) that the logger cares about. If a logger's level is set to null, then its effective level is inherited from its parent, which may in turn obtain it recursively from its parent, and so on up the tree.
In response to logging calls from applications 101, the logger objects 110, 112, 114 allocate Log Record objects which are passed to handler objects 130 for publication. For example, a first type of handler object may write log records to an output stream, a second type of handler object may write log records to a file (or to a set of rotating log files) and a third handler may write log records to remote TCP ports. Developers requiring specific functionality may develop a handler from scratch or subclass one of the handlers in J2SE.
Both loggers 110, 112, 114 and handlers 130 may use filters 120, 121 to filter out certain designated types of log records. In addition, when publishing a log record externally, a handler may optionally use a formatter 122 to localize and format the message before writing it to a particular destination. For example, J2SE includes a “simple formatter” for writing short “human-readable” summaries of log records and an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) formatter for writing detailed XML-structured information.
“Tracing” is a technique used primarily by software developers to track the execution of program code. For example, when developing an application, developers trace the execution of methods or functions within certain modules to identify problems and/or to determine if the program code may be improved. If a particular method takes an inordinate amount of time to complete, the developer may determine the reasons why and/or change the program code to operate more efficiently.
Developers use trace tools to trace the execution of program code. Trace tools are proprietary application programs which use different techniques to trace the execution flows for an executing program. One technique, referred to as event-based profiling, tracks particular sequences of instructions by recording application-generated events as they occur. By way of example, a trace tool may record each entry into, and each exit from, a module, subroutine, function, method, or system component within a trace file (e.g., a time-stamped entry may be recorded within the trace file for each such event). Trace events may also be sent to a console or other output destination.
Thus, tracing and logging techniques rely on similar event-based triggers, employ similar messaging techniques and record log/trace events to similar output destinations (e.g., trace/log files, consoles, . . . , etc.) in a substantially similar manner. As such, it would be beneficial to develop an integrated application programming interface which takes advantage of the similarities of tracing and logging operations, and of the synergistic effects of handling both, while not neglecting the differences.
An integrated tracing and logging system for an enterprise network is described. One embodiment of the integrated logging and tracing system has an object-oriented architecture which includes a controller class with two sub-classes: a tracing sub-class and a logging sub-class. Instances of the tracing sub-class (tracing modules) are associated with specified program code regions of applications. The tracing modules receive method calls from the applications and process the method calls based on defined severity levels. Instances of the logging sub-class (logging modules) are associated with specified “categories” related to the enterprise network (e.g., system, database, etc.). The logging modules receive and process method calls from network components associated with the categories. The integrated logging and tracing system allows tracing and logging information to be collected and correlated in a variety of useful ways. In an embodiment, the integrated logging and tracing system may be accessed by a log viewer having a log viewer client to provide a user interface and a log viewer server to read one or more log messages.
Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements.
a-b illustrate severity levels associated with tracing and logging controllers according to one embodiment of the invention.
a illustrates selected elements of an exemplary configuration file 700, according to an embodiment of the invention.
b illustrates a default log/trace message format as defined by configuration file 700.
a illustrates an exemplary GUI 1300 for conducting searches of log messages, according to an embodiment of the invention.
b illustrates an exemplary GUI 1350 for displaying search results for searches conducted according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to an integrated logging and tracing system having a log viewer. One embodiment of the integrated logging and tracing system has an object-oriented architecture which includes a controller class with two sub-classes: a tracing sub-class and a logging sub-class. Instances of the tracing sub-class (tracing modules) are associated with specified program code regions of applications. The tracing modules receive method calls from the applications and process the method calls based on defined severity levels. Instances of the logging sub-class (logging modules) are associated with specified “categories” related to the enterprise network (e.g., system, database, etc). The log viewer may provide access to one or more log/trace messages generated by the integrated logging and tracing system. As is further described below, in an embodiment, the log viewer includes a log viewer client to provide a user interface and a log viewer server to read (and process) the one or more log/trace messages.
A system architecture according to one embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
In one embodiment, each controller 200 is an instance of a defined “controller” class (e.g., a Java class) which includes two sub-classes, a “tracing” sub-class and a “logging” sub-class (described in detail below), which provide features specific to tracing and logging operations, respectively. In an object-oriented environment such as Java, the tracing controller 202 illustrated in
The controller class provides methods for associating log/trace output destinations with specific controllers 200 and for controlling the actual writing of log/trace messages. When a method is called, the writing of the log/trace message to a log/trace file 220, console 221 or other output destination 214 depends on the severity level associated with the message, the severity settings 205, 206 of the relevant controller(s) 200, and the filtering configuration of one or more optional filters 212, 216. For example, in one embodiment, messages having a severity level greater than or equal to the effective severity of the relevant controller 200 are candidates for output and are forwarded to the output destinations 214 attached to the controller 200 (e.g., assuming that the messages are not filtered by one of the filters 212, 216).
A variety of different severity levels may be defined. In one embodiment of the invention, illustrated in
Before (or after) evaluating the trace/log message based on severity, filters 212 associated with the controller 200 may filter the messages based on predefined filtering criteria. By way of example, if a particular controller 200 is capable of writing to both a file and a console, a filter 212 may be assigned to filter messages directed to the file, thereby limiting output to the console only. Thus, using filters, a finer granularity of log controller 200 output may be defined, using variables other than severity. As illustrated in
As mentioned briefly above, in one embodiment, the logging operations performed by the logging controller 204 are associated with particular “categories” which may identify, for example, semantical topics which correspond roughly to administration tasks or problem areas. Typical areas identified by categories may include databases, networking, security and auditing.
In one embodiment, categories are named according to the hierarchical structure known from file systems on the network. For example, referring to
In one embodiment, in contrast to logging operations which are associated with categories, tracing operations performed by the tracing controllers 202 are associated with particular program code locations, identified by particular package, class, or, function names. For example, in a Java environment, locations may be named according to the hierarchical structure known from Java packages.
In the example illustrated in
As an additional example, to write all the messages from monitoring classes into a single log, the location named “com.sap.tc.monitoring” may be called. All the messages from technology components (TC) may be directed to a common trace destination by simply assigning that destination to the parent location “com.sap.tc.” The trace output destination is then passed on to all child locations (e.g., to “com.sap.tc.monitoring”). Moreover, it is possible to include method signatures in location names. For example, “com.sap.tc.monitoring. Node.announce (java.lang.Object)” is a location for a method named “announce” with an argument of the class Object. In this way, overloaded methods can be identified and, by adding another suffix to such a name, even classes local to them. In a Java environment, the hierarchical components of the name should be compliant with Java identifier syntax, but illegal characters may be used, bracketing a component with single quotes (e.g., com.sap. ‘great.technology’).
In one embodiment, all locations are accessed via a defined static method “Location.getLocation.” In one embodiment, the static method need not be called each time a trace message is to be generated. Instead, each class defines static fields to hold all the needed locations, and uses these fields to call logging/tracing methods.
In one embodiment, the various controllers 200 are arranged into logical hierarchies in which each child controller inherits properties from its parent (e.g., its severity settings and its output destinations 214). The effective severity of a child log controller is calculated from minimum and maximum defined severities, as well as the effective severity of its parent. The minimum severity setting specifies the minimum severity value for the trace/log messages to be output via the child log controller. That is, if the effective severity of the parent log controller is higher than the minimum severity of the child, then the child inherits the parent's effective severity; otherwise the effective severity is set to the minimum severity.
By contrast, the maximum severity represents the severity that trace/log messages must have for output to be guaranteed (notwithstanding intervention from filters). For example, if the effective severity of the parent log controller is lower than the maximum severity of the child then the child inherits the parent's effective severity; otherwise the child's effective severity is set to the maximum severity. This implies that if both minimum and maximum severity are set to the same value, the effective severity is set to that value regardless of the effective severity of the parent. Such a setting is therefore called dominant. For root log/trace controllers the setting must be dominant, as separate minimum and maximum values are meaningless without a parent to inherit from.
Similarly, tracing controller “com.sapmarkets.technology.monitoring” 401, is programmed with a minimum severity of INFO and a maximum severity of ERROR. Accordingly, because the effective severity of its parent controller 302 (WARNING) is higher than its minimum severity, INFO, and lower than its maximum severity, ERROR, tracing controller 401 inherits its parent's effective severity of WARNING.
By contrast, tracing controller “com.sapmarkets.application” 303 is manually configured with an effective severity of PATH, which overrides the effective severity of INFO inherited from its parent tracing controller “com.sapmarkets” 301.
It should be noted, of course, that the specific details set forth above are used merely for the purpose of illustration. The underlying principles of the invention are not limited to any particular logging/tracing controller hierarchy or any particular severity settings.
As illustrated in
In one embodiment, the list formatter 230 translates the output of the log/trace controllers into a format which may be further processed by an application, e.g. a log viewer, instead of being read directly by an end-user. In one embodiment, the format generated by the list formatter comprises hash-separated fields which may be readily interpreted by the other applications. For example: “#1.3#10.48.27.165:4A5AB2:E99D42D4F4:-8000#Mon Jan 01 22:00:00PDT2001#com.sapmarkets.FooClass#com.sapmarkets.FooClass.fooMethod#ma in##0#0#Fatal##Plain###A sample fatal message#.”
As its name suggests, the human readable formatter 231 translates the output of the log/trace controllers into a human-readable format (e.g., ASCII text). As such, this formatter may be used when users/administrators need to quickly understand what is occurring within a network or application. For example, the human readable formatter 231 may provide its formatted output to a trace/log console for immediate viewing.
The markup language formatter 232 translates the output of the log/trace controllers into a particular markup language such as the extensible Markup Language (“XML”) format which may be interpreted by any application that includes support for XML (e.g., Microsoft Word).
Messages associated with a particular category may also be associated with (e.g., may be written with respect to) a source code area, or location, such as a component, a package, a class or a method. As the location may be associated with a particular tracing controller, the same method call can write a message simultaneously to, for example, the database log as well as to the location trace responsible for that part of the source code (e.g., save for the location having an appropriate severity setting). In one embodiment of the invention, both the trace message and the log message are generated with the same identification in order to facilitate cross-referencing among location and category logs. At the same time, the location provides a location description, that is a string, to the log message written to the database log. This may become tedious when a class implements a large number of methods. Therefore, as described in greater detail below, for each logging/tracing method there is a version which takes in an additional parameter, referred to herein as “subloc,” which is a string that serves as suffix to the name of the used location, thus providing the option to give a complete location name whilst avoiding clutter.
For the purpose of illustration, one particular tracing/logging example will now be described with respect to the method outlined in
The following sample code will be used for the example:
Method elements 502 and 503 are not shown at this point, but assuming the severity level is set to be Severity.ALL (accept all severity levels and output everything) and output has been formatted using a human-readable formatter (e.g., and sent to a console) the output may look like the following:
The following four sections will further explain each step illustrated in
Identifying the Source Code Area (501)
As described above, the tracing subclass and the logging subclass are subclasses of the controller class. The tracing subclass is sometimes referred to below as the “Location” subclass and the logging subclass is sometimes referred to below as the “Category” subclass. Recall that Location is the source area that generates trace messages. Typically, it corresponds to the source code structure, and can be attached to the level of component, package, class or method. Category is the source area that generates log messages, corresponding to a distinguished problem area, such as networking, system and database.
Although the naming of a Location and Category may be quite flexible, as a general rule, a valid hierarchical naming convention may be useful. A common naming practice for Location is to use the full path of Java package name (See, e.g.,
Alternatively, instead of passing the name manually, for Location the class instance may be passed (java.lang.Object) or the class itself (java.lang.Class). In either case, the Location object is by default referring to the class level, while using the string argument (java.lang.String) provides flexibility in the definition (e.g., to also include the method name to explicitly control logging over methods individually).
Once identified, the source is ready to be configured to generate messages. In one embodiment, the handle may be configured to be static to improve efficiency:
Assign Severity to Source (502)
Recall that the severity levels employed in one embodiment of the invention are set forth in
In one embodiment, by default, the source object (assuming the ascendant has not been assigned a severity level yet) is assigned Severity.NONE. As such, a developer may freely enable the output methods in the source code, but the actual logging is not activated until it is explicitly “switched on” when ready.
Specify Output Destination (503)
An output destination such as a log/trace file, a console, an output stream, etc, is assigned to each Location sub-controller or Category sub-controller. This can be accomplished via a method such as the following:
There may be instances in which it is desirable to assign multiple output destinations to a single sub-controller. In such a case, a message generated from the sub-controller will be sent to all assigned output destinations simultaneously (e.g., to both a console and a file). This may be accomplished using the following:
In one embodiment, as a default configuration, console output destinations 221 are assigned human-readable formatters 231 and file output destinations 220 are assigned list formatters 230. Of course, the default configurations are not required. For example, to switch to an XML Formatter for a file output, the following exemplary method may be called: “loc.addLog(new FileLog(“C:\temp\testOutput.log”, new XMLFormatter( )).” In an embodiment in which a file log already exists the following exemplary method may be called: “<filelog>.setFormatter(new XMLFormatter( )).”
Enable Output Messages (504)
After the source is defined, the severity levels are assigned and the destination is properly specified, output statements may be inserted in appropriate places in the program code. For the sake of explanation, the output methods may be logically categorized into three groups: (1) typical message output with severity; (2) output denoting the flow of a program; and (3) master gate.
(1) Typical Message Output With Severity: Table 1 illustrates the format for a typical output message with severity, where the designated severity level is masked with “xxxx.” The “T” designates a typical message output.
A pattern exists in method overloading which evolves around the core argument: message. The addition of subloc, args offers the flexibility for developers to log messages using the level of detail that they need. Understanding these arguments helps when selecting the heavily overloaded methods.
One difference in the API between Location and Category is an additional loc argument in Category output methods. As described above, log messages are typically written with respect to a source code area. This proves to be very helpful for logging analysis. By specifying the loc argument, a programmer may indicate that the message should be written as a trace message associated with the loc object. By properly configuring loc, logging can be just performed once and piped for both message types (e.g., logs & traces) simultaneously. This technique works for Location as well, and the API is available to specify the category argument. These techniques are explained in more detail below (section entitled “Relationship Between location and Category).
The subloc argument is treated as the method name of the source class that the message is generated from. This is optional, but with this argument included in the trace/log, the picture when doing analysis will be much clearer, for example, because different arguments can be specified for overloaded methods). The actual message to be output is placed in the argument message. A designation may be selected that meaningfully describes the situation/problem.
An array of additional arguments that are informative, e.g. dynamic information may be included in the message. In one embodiment, this is achieved by using java.text.MessageFormat API to resolve arguments.
Referring again to the code example set forth above, the following is an example working from the object Location:
Potential output is as follows, assuming the human-readable formatter is used (e.g., to display on a console):
The following is another example, working from the object Category:
Note that the output will be identical to the previous example, assuming the default setting is used (e.g., using a human-readable formatter).
(2) Output Denoting the Flow of a Program: This feature is typically only used for Location sub-controllers. Tracing the flow of a program may be comprised of several components, for example: (a) entering, (b) exiting, (c) throwing, and (d) assertion.
(a) Entering: Outputs a default message (e.g., “Entering Method” with Path severity) indicating that it is entering a source block, as shown by Table 2:
(b) Exiting: Output is a default message (e.g., “Exiting Method” with Path severity) indicating that it is leaving a source block, as shown by Table 3:
To reiterate, refer to the sample code with method announce(Object o):
Potential output, assuming the simplest case with ConsoleLog and default TraceFormatter:
(c) Throwing: Warning message (“Throwing . . . ”), indicating that the source block is about to throw an exception, as shown by Table 4:
(d) Assertion: used to test a condition and output an error message, normally with the assertion included (e.g., “Assertion failed: <assertion test>”) when the evaluation is false, as shown by Table 5:
To reiterate, refer to the sample code with method announce(Object o):
The following is the potential output, again assuming a human-readable log formatter:
(3) Master Gate: In one embodiment, all of the other output methods (with severity) are ultimately routed through a method, referred to herein as LogT, to actually perform any logging/tracing.
Location: These are similar to the first type of method, xxxxxT( ), but only with an additional severity argument at the beginning:
Category: (Similar scenario to Location):
Often, it is useful to put several related messages together into one context. A typical example would be all trace messages stemming from one method call. In case of a database log, another example would be the messages representing the different database operations together forming one logical transaction. A formatter or log viewer can utilize this context information to visualize relations using, for example, indentation or tree controls. Groups are one mechanism to express such context information.
In one embodiment, a group is established via a call to openGroup. This call is based on the same conditions as output calls, that is, the group is opened depending on a severity and optional categories. After generating output the group is ended via a call to closeGroup. Note that there should be a balancing call of closeGroup for any call of openGroup. Even if an openGroup call did not open the group, closeGroup is matched with the call to openGroup. In case of success, in between the two calls, all output calls are assigned to the group. Messages may even be generated with the same condition as the group via the groupT and group output calls. These calls are also used to emit the opening and closing messages of a group, which are the first such messages emitted after the openGroup and closeGroup calls, respectively.
In the above method, for example, the following piece of code could be written. The message right after the openGroup call is the opening message of the group, the message after closeGroup is its closing message. Note that the groupT calls do not need a severity, a location or a method name, as these are fetched from the active group.
It is a common practice to look at log messages and trace messages together when performing a diagnosis. A correlation between a problematic logical area and the source code location that generates the problem is highly desirable. For example, if an error occurs when closing the database, the actual location of the source code (from which class, which method, with what argument(s)) is reported as well.
An embodiment of the invention simplifies the generation of both log and trace messages in parallel, with the use of category and location. This will be illustrated with the following example. For simplicity, the example only shows the attachment of a location to a category (as used herein, a location associated with the category is referred to as a “relative” of the category). However, the same general principles apply to the attachment of a category to a location.
More than one category may be associated with a location at each logging. However, in one embodiment, only one location is assigned for one category. Refer to the output method APIs of each class:
In order to output all the trace and log messages highlighted in the example above, the following severity setting may be employed:
With respect to the output line from the category ‘objMgmt’, it will output two messages simultaneously: one log message and one trace message. They will have the same message id for cross-referencing each other. This greatly simplifies the analysis.
If the location has stricter severity setting (e.g. default Severity.NONE) all trace output may be suppressed, including the one from the category. In other words, that output line will NOT produce two messages simultaneously, but only the log message.
More advanced configuration may be employed regarding the correlated category and location source objects. For example, consider Category “/Objects/Management” where the only focus may be some extreme situations, that is, messages with severity FATAL. Several source code locations (‘com.sapmarkets.xxx.a’, ‘com.sapmarkets.xxx.b’, . . . ) can result in a fatal condition in this logical area, and for certain reasons, one of them may be of particular interest (e.g. ‘com.sapmarkets.xxx.a’). As such, it would beneficial to have the ability to generate additional output messages, including all with severity INFO or above, related with this location only, while maintaining FATAL for the rest.
Referring again to
a illustrates selected elements of an exemplary configuration file 700, according to an embodiment of the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, properties are defined with one or more key-value-pairs. Key-value-pairs may have the following format:
For example, configuration file 700 includes key-value-pairs 710 and 720. Key-value-pair 710 defines a severity level for location 712 (e.g., com.sapmarkets.usermanagement) by setting attribute 714 equal to value 716 (e.g., WARNING). Key-value-pair 720, defines an output destination for location 712 by setting attribute 722 to output destination 724. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, configuration file 700 uses a format different than the key-value-pair format. In an embodiment, a particular type of formatter is, by default, assigned to a given output destination. For example, a trace formatter may be assigned to a console and list formatter may be assigned to a file log, by default. As is further described below, with reference to
b illustrates a default log/trace message format as defined by configuration file 700. In an embodiment, a formatter initially provides log/trace messages according to the default message format. As is further described below, with reference to
“%24d %-401[% t] % s: % m.”
Each placeholder (and associated value) may define a field in the message format. In such an embodiment, the string shown above may correspond to an output such as:
“Jan 01, 2001 10:10:00 PM com.sapmarkets.FooClass.fooMethod [main] Fatal: A sample fatal message.”
Table 6 provides a description of selected placeholders according to an embodiment of the invention.
In an embodiment, a configuration file may be used to, for example, change the default formatter assignment and/or the default message format.
Key-value-pair 805 assigns severity level 815 to source 810. In addition, key-value-pair 820 assigns two output destination destinations to source 810: console 825 and log file 830. Formatter 840 is assigned to console 825 by key-value-pair 835. In an embodiment, an identifier may be assigned to a formatter to uniquely (within the configuration file) identify the formatter. In the illustrated embodiment, key-value-pair 835 also provides identifier 845 (e.g., TraceNoDate) to identify formatter 840.
In an embodiment, defining a desired message format is accomplished by setting an attribute (e.g., a pattern attribute) for a formatter in configuration file 800. Key-value-pair 850 illustrates setting pattern attribute 855 to value 860 for formatter 840. In the illustrated embodiment, value 860 is a string of placeholders and associated values (e.g., placeholders/values 861-864) that define, for example, a log/trace message having four fields. As identifier 845 (e.g., TraceNoDate) suggests, value 860 defines a message format that does not include a timestamp.
In an embodiment, value 860 may (or may not) include any of the fields defined by the placeholders (and related values) specified in Table 6. Similarly, in an embodiment additional and/or different fields may be defined by additional and/or different placeholders (and associated values). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fields of a trace/log message may be specified by a value that has format different than the placeholder format shown in
Turning now to
Referring to process block 920, an instance of a logging controller associated with specified categories related to a network is created. In an embodiment, the logging controller instance receives and processes logging method calls from network components associated with the categories. In an embodiment, a threshold severity level for logging method calls may be defined by a value in a configuration file (e.g., configuration file 800, shown in
Referring to process block 930, an output destination to receive log/trace messages is specified. In an embodiment, the output destination may receive log/trace messages from the tracing controller instance and/or the logging controller instance. In an embodiment, the output destination for a tracing controller instance and/or a logging controller instance may be defined by a value in a configuration file. In such an embodiment, specifying the output destination broadly refers to providing/setting/changing a value representing the output destination in the configuration file. In one embodiment, the possible output destinations include a console and/or a file log.
Referring to process block 940, a formatter to provide a message format for log/trace messages is selected. In an embodiment, one or more distinct formatters may be selected for each source (e.g., for each logging controller instance and/or each tracing controller instance). The relationship between a source and a formatter may be defined in a configuration file (e.g., configuration file 800, shown in
Referring to process block 950, the selected formatter is configured, for example, without recompiling any source code. In an embodiment, the message format provided by the selected formatter is defined by one or more properties in a configuration file. For example, the message format may be defined to have one or more fields that are specified by a string of placeholders (and associated values). In such an embodiment, configuring the formatter may include configuring the message format by providing/setting/changing the values of the properties defined in the configuration file. In one embodiment, configuring the formatter may also include providing/setting/changing an identifier to uniquely identify (within the configuration file) the formatter.
In an embodiment, the integrated logging and tracing system includes a log viewer to access, display, and process log/trace messages (or simply, log messages). In one embodiment, the log viewer provides access to log messages that are distributed on one or more application servers (e.g., one or more J2EE application servers). For example, the log viewer may facilitate searching and displaying log messages from one or more application servers on a single Graphical User Interface (GUI). As is further described below, the log viewer provides an interface to configure one or more output destinations, in an embodiment of the invention.
In embodiments of the invention in which log viewer client 1010 provides a GUI, the provided GUI may be a “Swing-based” GUI. A Swing-based GUI refers to a GUI that is based on the Swing API provided by any of the Java 2 Enterprise Edition Specifications, for example, v1.3, published on Jul. 27, 2001 (hereinafter the J2EE Standard). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, log viewer client 1010 may be based on a different API.
In an embodiment, log viewer server 1020 may reside on application server 1030 and/or application server 1035. While log viewer server 1020 is described with reference to application server 1030, the principles described may also apply to instances of log viewer server 1020 that are implemented on other application servers within the network (e.g., application server 1035). Log viewer server 1020 may access integrated logging/tracing system 1040 to read log messages and provide those log messages to log viewer client 1010.
In one embodiment, log viewer client 1010 receives commands from an end-user and provides those commands to log viewer server 1020. Log viewer server 1020 may access integrated logging/tracing system 1040 to, for example, read log messages, and may then send the results back to log viewer client 1010. In one embodiment, log messages and output destinations are implemented as objects. In such an embodiment, log viewer server 1020 may query, for example, output destination 1050 with a LogQuery object and return the result to log viewer client 1010 with a LogQueryResutSet object.
In the illustrated embodiment, output destination 1050 is implemented as a management bean (or simply, MBean). An MBean is a Java object that represents a manageable resource, such as an application, a service, a component, or a device. An Mbean provides a management interface that consists of attributes and operations that are exposed for management purposes. An MBean may be implemented according to, for example, an emerging standard called, JSR-000003 Java Management eXtensions (JMX), version 1.2 (hereinafter, the JMX Specification). The JMX Specification provides a standardized way to manage arbitrary Java resources in enterprise computer networks.
In such an embodiment, integrated logging/tracing system 1040 may utilize the services provided by JMX container 1060. The term “container” broadly refers to an entity that provides services to another entity. The services provided by a container may include, for example, lifecycle management, security, connectivity, transactions, and/or persistence. In an embodiment, JMX container 1060 provides services to access and process one or more output destinations (e.g., output destination 1050) that are implemented as Mbeans.
Pane 1110 displays selected elements of application 1130. Application 1130 includes one or more program code regions that may generate log messages when the program code regions are executed. For example program code region 1132 may be associated with a logging module and may generate log messages for an output destination of the logging module. Similarly, program code region 1134 may be associated with a tracing module and may generate log messages for an output destination of the tracing module.
Pane 1120 displays a number of exemplary log messages (e.g., log messages 1122 and 1124) generated by application 1130. Each log message may include one or more fields to display one or more corresponding items of information. For example, the illustrated embodiment includes a severity field, a timestamp field, and a message field. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, pane 1120 may display more fields, fewer fields, and/or different fields.
In an embodiment, GUI 1100 displays log messages from more than one application server. For example, pane 1120 displays log messages from a first application server. Similarly, tabs 1150, 1152, and 1154 may each be attached to panes that display log messages from application servers 1160, 1162, and 1164, respectively. An end-user may view log messages from application servers 1160, 1162, and 1164 by selecting tabs, 1150, 1152, and 1154, respectively.
In an embodiment, a log viewer client (e.g., log viewer client 1010, shown in
GUI 1200 includes dialog window 1210. The term “dialog window” broadly refers to a window that provides an end-user with status information and available options for a particular feature of an application. Dialog window 1210 includes attribute pane 1220 and value pane 1230. Attribute pane 1220 allows an end-user to select one of attributes 1222 and 1224. Value pane 1230 displays a current value for the selected attribute and allows an end-user to set the value to one of a number of displayed potential values.
In the illustrated embodiment severity attribute 1222 is selected in attribute pane 1220. The current value assigned to severity attribute 1222 is ALL value 1232. In an embodiment, an end-user may set the value of severity attribute 1222 to any of the values displayed in value pane 1230.
a illustrates an exemplary GUI 1300 for conducting searches of log messages, according to an embodiment of the invention. GUI 1300 includes pane 1310 and dialog window 1320. Pane 1310 displays a number of log messages from one or more application servers. Dialog window 1320 allows an end-user to enter a value for search string 1322. After entering a value for search string 1322 (e.g., “security”), the end-user may depress “okay” button 1324 to start the search. In an embodiment, the resolution of the search may be set to, for example, a single column of pane 1310, multiple columns of pane 1310, all log messages from a particular application, all log messages from a given application server, and/or all log messages generated within the integrated logging/tracing system.
b illustrates an exemplary GUI 1350 for displaying search results for searches conducted according to an embodiment of the invention. In an embodiment, GUI 1350 includes log messages pane 1360 and search results pane 1370. Log messages pane 1360 displays a set of log messages that may be searched to determine whether they contain a specified search string (e.g., search string 1322, shown in
In an embodiment, log messages from two or more output destinations (and/or two or more application servers) may be merged into a single display.
Specified program code regions pane 1410 includes program code regions 1412 and 1414. In an embodiment, program code regions 1412 and 1414 are each associated with an output destination to store log messages that are generated when program code regions 1412 and 1414 are executed. In the illustrated embodiment, program code regions 1412 and 1414 are both selected, for example, via a pointing device. In an embodiment, GUI 1400 merges the log messages from the selected output destinations. In addition, GUI 1400 may sort the merged log messages (e.g., in descending order of time, according to their respective timestamps). The log messages stored in their respective output destinations are merged and displayed in log messages pane 1420.
In an embodiment, log messages generated in two or more application servers may be merged and displayed in log messages pane 1420. For example, in an embodiment, server tabs 1431 and 1433 are attached to panes that respectively display log messages from two different application servers. An end-user may specify (e.g., via a pointing device) that the log messages displayed in the panes attached to tabs 1431 and 1433 be merged into a single display. Tab 1430 provides access to a pane that displays the merged log records.
Referring to process block 1520, an instance of a logging controller associated with specified categories related to a network is created. In an embodiment, the logging controller instance receives and processes logging method calls from network components associated with the categories. In an embodiment, a threshold severity level for logging method calls may be defined by a value in a configuration file (e.g., configuration file 800, shown in
Referring to process block 1530, an output destination to receive log/trace messages is specified. In an embodiment, the output destination may receive log/trace messages from the tracing controller instance and/or the logging controller instance. In an embodiment, the output destination for a tracing controller instance and/or a logging controller instance may be defined by a value in a configuration file. In such an embodiment, specifying the output destination broadly refers to providing/setting/changing a value representing the output destination in the configuration file. In one embodiment, the possible output destinations include a console and/or a file log.
Referring to process block 1540, a log viewer accesses a log message generated by at least one of the tracing controller instance and the logging controller instance. In an embodiment the log viewer includes a log viewer client (e.g., log viewer client 1010, shown in
Referring to process block 1550, the log viewer displays the accessed log message. In an embodiment, the log viewer client includes a GUI that is based on the Swing API. In such an embodiment, displaying the accessed log message includes displaying the log message in a window (or pane) of the Swing-based GUI. Displaying the accessed log message may include displaying log messages from more than one application server.
As is further described above with reference to
Log viewer 1660 enables computing device 1600 to view and process log messages generated by an integrated logging and tracing architecture. Log viewer 1660 may be executable content, control logic (e.g., ASIC, PLD, FPGA, etc.), firmware, or some combination thereof, in an embodiment of the invention. In embodiments of the invention in which log viewer 1660 is executable content, it may be stored in memory 1620 and executed by processor(s) 1610.
Configuration file 1650 defines one or more properties for one or more configurable attributes of an integrated logging/tracing system. Configuration file 1650 may be executable content, control logic (e.g., ASIC, PLD, FPGA, etc.), firmware, or some combination thereof, in an embodiment of the invention. In embodiments of the invention in which configuration file 1650 is executable content, it may be stored in memory 1620 and manipulated by processor(s) 1610.
Memory 1620 may encompass a wide variety of memory devices including read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), cache memory, flash memory, and other memory devices. Memory 1620 may also include one or more hard disks, floppy disks, ZIP disks, compact disks (e.g., CD-ROM), digital versatile/video disks (DVD), magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices, and other system-readable media that store instructions and/or data. Memory 1620 may store program modules such as routines, programs, objects, images, data structures, program data, and other program modules that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types that facilitate system use.
One or more I/O interfaces 1630 may include a hard disk drive interface, a magnetic disk drive interface, an optical drive interface, a parallel port, serial controller or super I/O controller, serial port, universal serial bus (USB) port, a display device interface (e.g., video adapter), a network interface card (NIC), a sound card, modem, and the like. System interconnect 1670 permits communication between the various elements of computing device 1600. System interconnect 1670 may include a wide variety of signal lines including one or more of a memory bus, peripheral bus, local bus, host bus, bridge, optical, electrical, acoustical, and other propagated signal lines.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to “an embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” in various portions of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the invention.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
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