Patent Application
20120208288
This invention relates to urine testing devices; and, more particularly, a device for determining the performance of a urine dipstick to ensure accurate results from patient urine specimens.
Urinalysis, also called a routine urine test, is used to check for abnormalities in urine. Urine is liquid waste that is made by the kidneys and stored in the bladder until it is eliminated by the body through urination. A number of diseases and conditions can result in abnormalities in the urine. These abnormalities may be detected through physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Urinalysis may be performed as part of a regular physical examination to screen for early signs of disease.
Urinalysis was the very first laboratory test developed˜the value of urine testing to diagnose medical conditions was established over 6000 years ago. There is evidence of visual testing of urine in the earliest civilizations. As advances in medicine are proved visual testing to be unreliable, chemical evaluation of the urine replaced this method as a more accurate means of diagnosis.
Further understanding of the structure of the body (anatomy) and of the physical and chemical processes involved in organ function (physiology), as well as the invention and development of the microscope, led to additional advances in urine testing as a diagnostic tool. Urinalysis was first introduced as part of the routine physical examination in 1827, and this test remains a valuable method of diagnosis.
Dipstick tests involve placing papers having an active portion that contains small pads of chemicals into the urine sample. These papers, referred to as urine dipsticks and urine reagent strips, change color when exposed to various substances in the urine. This type of urine testing can result in false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, most laboratories use urine dipstick controls to determine whether the dipsticks are performing properly.
Urine dipstick controls mimic patient samples and are fortified to target levels with compounds that produce the desired reaction when tested by the dipsticks. This is an accurate means of determining the performance of the dipsticks to insure accurate results from patient specimens. If a dipstick is found to provide inaccurate results, the dipsticks are discarded and a new package is tested. If the dipsticks in the new package perform within specifications, then the dipsticks are used to test actual patient samples. Medical technologists run controls on a daily basis in order to be compliant with state and federal regulations governing quality control in the clinical setting. The controls can be urine or synthetic urine.
Hospital and Reference Laboratories have used controls for urinalysis dipstick testing for many years. These laboratories typically have large refrigeration units located in close proximity to the actual location where testing is performed. This means that a medical technologist working in the lab would simply remove the control material from the refrigerator as needed. All liquid, ready-to-use, quality control material requires refrigeration in order to achieve maximum stability.
In recent years, a trend towards point-of-care urine dipstick testing has occurred. This means that more testing is being performed by nurses at the point-of-care. Nurses have different needs from medical technologists. One of the most important needs is that they do not have refrigeration suitable to store in-vitro diagnostic products, such as urine dipstick controls. The refrigeration that is available to them is usually dedicated for the storage of items such as medication and food. Therefore, nurses require controls that feature extended room temperature stability. Additionally, nurses require controls that are portable so that they can easily be transported to the point-of-care (bedside, nurses' station, etc.)
A control device that satisfies this need comprises an elongated package that has front and rear walls, a top portion and a bottom portion, and an elongated chamber substantially rectangular in vertical cross section. The chamber contains test urine and extends from the top portion to the bottom portion. A sufficiently large portion of the front walls of the chamber is substantially transparent or translucent so that positioning of a urine reagent strip in the chamber by dipping can be observed. This insures an active portion of the urine reagent strip contacts the test urine.
Preferably, the package includes a flap at least one quarter inch wide on one side of the chamber so that the package can be gripped without squeezing the chamber. Thus the flap is sufficiently large that the package can be held by the flap without any test urine passing out of the opened access section. Preferably the flap extends substantially entire length of the package, and more preferably there is a flap on both sides of the chamber.
The test urine can be naturally occurring urine or synthetic urine. It only partially fills the chamber so none leaks out when the reagent strip is dipped therein. There is user information on at the rear walls of the package. There is a closed access section in the top portion of the package, wherein when the access section is open, there is access to the chamber. The open access section is sufficiently large and configured there is sufficient access for dipping the urine reagent strip therein.
Typically the chamber is at least about 5-7 cm in length, with a maximum length of about 12.5 cm. Typically the chamber has a width of about 0.75 to about 1.5 cm.
The device preferably is a single use device, where the volume of the chamber is sufficiently small the urine reagent strip can be dipped therein without any test urine leaking out of the chamber. Most typically the chamber contains test urine in the amount of no more than about 80% of the total capacity of the chamber. The amount of test urine is typically less than 5 ml.
Typically the front and rear walls are formed of different materials, and the portions of the front and rear walls in contact with the test urine are substantially non-reactive with the test urine. In addition preferably the portions of the front and rear walls forming the chamber are substantially impermeable to oxygen so that the test urine is not degraded.
In use of the device the access section is opened with the device oriented so that the access section is directed upwardly so that test urine in the chamber does not leak out. The device is gripped by the flap if present and the urine reagent strip is dipped into the chamber a sufficient distance so that all the active regions of the urine reagent strip contact the test urine.
This device, which addresses the unique requirements of point-of-care urine dipstick quality control, can be used to monitor the performance of visual and instrumental readings or urine dipsticks by immersing the dipstick into the control—the same way a patient sample is tested. The test urine preferably includes values for all urine dipstick analytes plus microalbumin and creatinine; and qualitative results for hCG early pregnancy detection test methods. The control is also suitable for use with confirmatory tests and refractometry.
The test urine, also referred to as a control, is thus packaged in a unitized device that is discarded after use. Multiple devices can be packaged in boxes containing approximately one hundred devices. The control preferably is stable at refrigerator temperature for approximately two years. Once removed from the refrigerator, the control is stable for at least thirty days, preferably at least sixty days, and more preferably at least ninety days at room temperature until opened.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
A packaged product 10 in
Generally each of the flaps 24 extends substantially the entire length of the device 11. The flaps 24 are wide sealed sections. Typically the flaps 24 are at least one quarter inch wide on both sides of the chamber 20 so that the device can be held by hand without pressing on the chamber 20. Pressure on the chamber could result in contents of the chamber 20 being inadvertently dispersed.
The chamber 20, which has a flexible, clear front plastic side 12, accommodates a urine dipstick 32 (see
The product 10 can be delivered as a single unit, or with approximately four or five devices 11 per sheet or in a roll as seen in
The volume of test urine in the chamber is sufficiently small that the urine reagent strip can be dipped therein without any test urine leaking out of the chamber. For example, the chamber can contain test urine amount in an amount no more than about 80% of the total capacity of the chamber, and typically less than 5 ml.
Once adequate separation is achieved, the urine dipstick, such as the dipstick 32 (
Once satisfactory immersion has been achieved, the dipstick 32 is removed from the device and the device is discarded.
Exemplary of commercial reagents strips for urine analysis is Siemens Mutlistix™ 10 SG which tests for glucose, bilirubin, ketone, specific gravity, blood, pH, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, and leukocytes. The Siemens strip is about 5¾ inches long, about 0.2 inch wide, about 0.04 inch thick at the pads 34, with the portion of the strip needing contact with the test urine being about 4 3/16 inches long.
The base or bottom portion 18 of each device 11 can be flared in such a way that it will allow the device 11 to stand on its own in the upright position when placed on a flat, level surface. This allows the user to set the device down after opening, if desired, so that the control fluid does not leak from the device.
It is desirable that the materials used for forming the device 11, at least in the region of the chamber, be water proof, non reactive with all the constituents of the test urine, and substantially oxygen and water vapor impermeable so the test urine has at least a thirty day useful life without refrigeration. Due to conflicting demands of transparency and printability, generally the front and rear walls are made of different materials. Preferably any portions of the walls in contact with the test urine are substantially non-reactive with the test urine.
The device 11 is formed of two layers sealed together, where at least the rear layer 12 in the region of the chamber is substantially transparent or translucent so the contents of the chamber 20 can be seen, particularly as the dip stick 32 is inserted into the chamber 20. At least one of the layers needs to be printable. Also preferably the access section 28 is openable without the use of a tool. A notch, such as notch 27 in combination with a laser score 56 as shown in
Generally the test urine is provided in two versions, namely urine providing normal levels of the constituents mark, so that all the markers on a reagent strip, if the reagent strip is operating properly, reports normal levels. Alternatively the test urine can be what is called level 2, where all the markers reveal positive on a urine reagent strip that is operating normally.
When reference is made in this application to human urine or naturally occurring urine, this is meant that human urine is used as a starting liquid. Generally the urine is modified to provide either normal levels of the various constituents for which testing is being conducted, or alternatively, adjusted to level 2.
For long term stability, preferably the walls resist oxygen and water vapor transmission. Preferably the oxygen and moisture barrier ranges are:
The device 11 can be formed from two separate film webs brought together and heat sealed on four sides. Due to the functional requirements of the device typically the materials used are multi-layer structures. Test urine compatibility, heat sealable, excellent oxygen barrier and moisture barrier, clear back panel, and printed front panel are all desirable features of the device. Each layer of a multi-layer film is the chosen to provide one or more of these attributes. Film layer materials that can be used to make the device are listed in the Table 1.
Table 2 lists multi-layer laminated film structures that can be used for forming the front wall 14 of the device, where the front is an opaque film and the back is clear film.
Table 3 lists multi-layer laminated film structures that can be used for forming the rear wall 12 of the device, where the rear wall is substantially transparent.
Conventional techniques are used to form the laminated films. For example, conventional coextrusion techniques, and lamination with heat, pressure and/or adhesive can be used. As a specific example, film 2 of Table 2 can be formed by printing the back side of the OPP layer, extrude the LDPE onto OPP film, coextrude the EAA with the LDPE, and adhesive laminate the two resulting structures together with the foil in between. This can be heat sealed to film 4 of Table 3 while filling the chamber with test urine.
Preferably the entire front wall is clear and the rear wall is opaque white with printing thereon providing user information.
Dip device 11 is 11.3 cm tall and 3 cm wide, sealed on both sides and has a central 1 cm wide chamber central containing test urine. The chamber has 9.3 cm of test urine with 2 cm head space. The volume of the liquid in the chamber is about 4.8 cubic centimeters. The flap on both sides of the chamber is 1 cm wide. The rear wall is made of material 2 from Table 2 and the front wall is made of material 4 from Table 3. The top and bottom seals are 5 to 7 mm wide. The device has printing on the rear wall. The device has a notch placed in one side seal, such to assist initiation of the tear opening across the top of the chamber along a tear line. A laser score is placed on the front wall to insure the tear occurs straight along the top of the device. The laser score is registered to the print and is located at the top of the device during chamber formation and filling. The device is made and filled on a vertical-form-fill-seal machine (VFFS).
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 13/239,103, filed Sep. 21, 2011, which claims the benefit of provisional application Ser. No. 61/384,805 filed on Sep. 21, 2010 both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61384805 | Sep 2010 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13239103 | Sep 2011 | US |
| Child | 13371716 | US |
