Universal Messaging system providing integrated voice, data and fax messaging services to PC/web-based clients, including a large object server for efficiently distributing voice/fax messages to web-based clients

Abstract

A Universal Messaging system provides e-mail, voice-mail and fax-mail services to subscribers that may utilize the Internet to access their messages. The system integrates an e-mail messaging system with a voice/fax messaging system on a messaging platform computer. E-mail messages are stored in an e-mail message store, and voice and/or fax messages are stored in a separate store controlled, e.g., by a Voice Mail Message Manager (VMMM). Subscribers can access messages from a personal computer via the Internet using a standard Web browser with an applet that present each subscriber with a “universal inbox” that displays all of that subscriber's voice, fax, and e-mail messages. A Web platform controls the Web browser interface to the messaging platform, accepting requests from the Web browser (such as a request to read an e-mail or listen to a voice mail) and passing prescribed types of information back to the Web browser. The Web platform interfaces with the messaging platform via a generic TCP/IP interface/router. A Session Manager application manages the Web browser's “session” with the messaging system. A CMC layer in the messaging platform provides the “glue” to enable communication and control between and among the different message stores. The CMC layer provides an industry standard mechanism for providing a standard API through which access to proprietary message stores can be made.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to messaging systems, e.g., voice-mail and e-mail systems, and more particularly to a Universal Messaging system providing integrated voice, data and fax messaging services to PC-based, including Web-based, clients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Universal Messaging enables subscribers to realize the benefits of unified messaging, which consolidates the notification, presentation and management of voice, fax and e-mail messages. With Universal Messaging, a subscriber need only check a single notification device for new messages. Such notification may be provided, e.g., by an e-mail message, message waiting indicator light, stutter dial tone, pager and/or an automatic outdial phone call.

Universal Messaging may also include consolidated message presentation. For example, instead of using a telephone handset to pick up voice messages, a fax machine to pick up fax messages, and a PC to pick up e-mail messages, a subscriber could process all his or her messages with a telephone handset or a multimedia PC, or the like.

A first aspect of the invention disclosed herein relates to the “session-based” character of many messaging systems, including systems providing combined e-mail and voice/fax mail services. In a session-based system, the user enters his or her password and is logged into a “session,” i.e., an active communications connection between computers or applications over a network. A session is basically a data conversation between two devices, such as a dumb terminal and a mainframe. If the session is terminated for any reason, the user must log back in. In contrast, the Internet (e.g., World Wide Web, or simply Web) may be considered sessionless, since it is based on a request-response paradigm that uses the HTTP protocol. No actual session is created when a Web browser accesses a “page” of the Web. What occurs is that the browser issues an HTTP request to a Web server hosting that page, and the Web server transfers the HTML code for the page to the browser; but no session is maintained. Any subsequent access of that Web page or to links within that page are performed using another HTTP request/response sequence.

To make a Universal Messaging system compatible with a “sessionless” Web browser interface, it would be advantageous to provide a way to initiate and maintain a session with respect to the voice/fax messaging components of the system. Since a voice messaging system typically handles interactions with callers or subscribers via a telephone, a very session-based connection, there would be a benefit in making interactions with PC-based clients, including those utilizing a sessionless Web connection, appear to the voice/fax messaging component as if coming from a session-based interface, such as a telephone handset. Consider, for example, the case of a very large messaging system having thousand or hundreds of thousands of subscribers. If such a system were to provide access to PC or Web-based clients, a great strain would be placed on the system if such clients were required to “log on” (i.e., enter a user name and password) each and every time an HTTP request were sent to the messaging system. One aspect of the present invention addresses this problem.

A second aspect of the present invention concerns the need to provide support for new message types specifically targeted for the delivery of multimedia content. Such message types will preferably be ignored by normal e-mail clients but will be visible to clients specifically adapted to recognize them. The present invention provides a solution to this challenge by providing a novel approach to controlling access to different types of content in a messaging system. This aspect of the invention permits the use of existing Universal Messaging platform capabilities to address, store, transport, and deliver multimedia content packaged as attachments to uniquely identified e-mail messages.

A third aspect of the present invention concerns the use of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) for the transmission of messages in a Universal Messaging system. TCP/IP is a well known networking protocol that provides communications across interconnected networks and between computers with diverse hardware architectures and operating systems. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. It first establishes a connection between the two systems that intend to exchange data. When an application sends a message to TCP for transmission, TCP breaks the message into packets and sends them over the network. Because a single message is often broken into many packets, TCP marks these packets with sequence numbers before sending them. The sequence numbers allow the receiving system to properly reassemble the packets into the original message. The IP subset of TCP/IP is the messenger protocol that addresses and sends packets. TCP/IP divides networking functionality into the following four layers: (1) a Network Interface Layer that corresponds to the OSI Physical and Data Link Layers;(2) an Internet Layer that corresponds to the OSI network layer; (3) a Transport Layer, which corresponds to the OSI Transport Layer; and (4) an Application Layer corresponding to the session, presentation and application layers of the OSI model. The Application Layer manages the functions required by user programs, including protocols for remote log-in (Telnet), file transfer (FTP) and electronic mail (SMTP).

The third aspect of the present invention addresses the need for improved speed in transferring large data objects in a Universal Messaging system. Particularly, the problem is that data passing through the CMC interface, session management, and TCP/IP stacks of a Universal Messaging system necessarily cross a number of software process boundaries with substantial overhead. For example, having to cross at least two TCP/IP stacks (such as, e.g., in the system described below, in communicating messages from messaging platform 10 to server complex (Web platform) 12 and from server complex 12 to PC Client 20 ) adds significant overhead alone. While this may not be a problem for smaller files, such as e-mail messages and control information, it can be a significant problem for larger data objects, such as audio, graphics (fax images), and video. The overhead and protocols that the data must traverse can be too great to deliver such large data objects to the subscriber efficiently. The present invention addresses this problem as well.

Further background information concerning the construction and operation of messaging systems, and particularly one employing a Network Applications Platform (NAP) for interfacing a telephone network and network applications running on an enterprise server, may be found in: U.S. Pat. No. 5,133,004, Jul. 21, 1992, “Digital Computer Platform for Supporting Telephone Network Applications”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,138,710, Aug. 11, 1992, “Apparatus and Method for Providing Recoverability in Mass Storage Data Base Systems Without Audit Trail Mechanisms”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,384,829, Jan. 24, 1995, “Digital Computer Platform for Supporting Telephone Network Applications”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,323,450, Jun. 21, 1994, “Telephone Network Applications Platform for Supporting Facsimile Applications”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,606, Feb. 20, 1996, “Multi-Lingual Prompt Management System for a Network Applications Platform”; U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,916, May 27, 1997, “Universal Messaging Service Using Single Voice Grade Telephone Line Within a Client/Server Architecture”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/944,924, filed Oct. 6, 1997, “Enhanced Multi-Lingual Prompt Management in a Voice Messaging System With Support for Speech Recognition”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/964,744, filed Nov. 5, 1997, “Methods and Apparatus for Providing External Access to Executable Call Flows of a Network Application”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/987,571, filed Dec. 11, 1997, “Multiple Language Electronic Mail Notification of Received Voice and/or Fax Messages”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/094026, filed on even date herewith, “System and Method for Integrating Notification Functions of Two Messaging Systems in a Universal Messaging Solution”.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides Universal Messaging services to subscribers that may utilize the Internet to access their messages. The invention integrates an e-mail messaging system with a voice/fax messaging system on a messaging platform computer. E-mail messages are stored in an e-mail message store, and voice and/or fax messages are stored in a separate store controlled, e.g., by a Voice Mail Message Manager (VMMM). Subscribers can access messages from a personal computer via the Internet using a standard Web browser with a Java applet that present each subscriber with a “universal inbox” that displays all of that subscriber's voice, fax, and e-mail messages. A Web platform controls the Web browser interface to the messaging platform, accepting requests from the Web browser (such as a request to read an e-mail or listen to a voice mail) and passing prescribed types of information back to the Web browser. The Web platform interfaces with the messaging platform via a generic TCP/IP interface/router. A Session Manager application manages the Web browser's “session” with the messaging system. A CMC layer in the messaging platform provides the “glue” to enable communication and control between and among the different message stores. The CMC layer provides an industry standard mechanism for providing a standard API through which access to proprietary message stores can be made.

Thus, a Universal Messaging system in accordance with the present invention comprises a messaging platform supporting an e-mail messaging system and a voice/fax messaging system; a Web platform operatively coupled to the messaging platform; and a large object server operatively associated with said messaging platform. According to the present invention, messages stored in the e-mail and voice/fax message stores of the e-mail and voice/fax messaging systems, respectively, are accessible to a remote client via a wide area communications network such as the Internet.

In one presently preferred embodiment of the invention, the messaging platform further supports a TCP/IP interface, and the Web platform controls the remote client's interface to the messaging platform by accepting requests from the client and passing prescribed types of information back to the client. Moreover, the e-mail messages stored in the e-mail message store are provided to the remote client via the TCP/IP interface in the messaging platform, the Web platform and the wide area communications network, whereas voice and fax messages stored in said voice/fax store are provided to the remote client via the large object server and wide area communications network. Thus, the voice and fax messages bypass the TCP/IP interface in the messaging platform.

Accordingly, the present invention provides improved speed in transferring large data objects in a Universal Messaging system, by avoiding the need to cross two TCP/IP stacks in communicating large voice and fax messages from the messaging platform to the Web platform and from the Web platform to the Web-based Client(s).

Other features and advantages of the present invention are described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically depicts one preferred embodiment of a Universal Messaging system in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary multimedia container in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts an expanded view of a Web-based client in accordance with the present invention.

FIGS. 4A through 4K depict exemplary process flows for various transactions.

FIG. 5 illustrates how the different components of the inventive Universal Messaging system use standard interfaces and protocols to provide unified messaging services.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A. Overview

FIG. 1 schematically depicts one presently preferred embodiment of a Universal Messaging system in accordance with the present invention. As shown, the system includes a messaging platform 10 (e.g., Unisys Corporation's Clearpath NX™ mainframe computer); a server complex 12 (e.g., an NT server), also referred to herein as a “Web platform”; a “Web server” 14 (e.g., Unisys's Atlas™ software), which is sometimes referred to herein as a “large object server” and which is preferably a software component running on the messaging platform/mainframe 10 (i.e., it need not be a separate hardware component); a wide area communications network (such as the Internet) 16 ; a gateway/firewall 18 ; and a Web-based client comprising a remote PC-based client 20 and an associated Web browser 22 . (As used herein, the term “PC” refers generically to a personal computer or like screen based client, and is not restricted any particular platform.) A third party service provider 24 may also be considered part of the overall system. The structure and operation of each of these components is explained below in connection with the detailed description of preferred embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the messaging platform 10 includes the following elements: addressing services object 10 - 1 ; message store for e-mail 10 - 2 ; transports service provider 10 - 3 (including a gateway for interfacing to SMTP and X.400 servers); Common Messaging Calls (CMC) application programming interface (API) layer 10 - 4 ; Session Manager 10 - 5 ; generic TCP/IP interface/router 10 - 6 ; Universal Voice Messaging System Custom Client 10 - 7 and Voice Mail Message Manager (VMMM) (for voice and fax mail) 10 - 8 ; and voice/fax store 10 - 9 . (Note that CMC the CMC standard is defined by the X.400 API Association. CMC 1.0 defines a basic set of calls to inject and extract messages and files, and to access address information. CMC's major “competition” is MAPI—Messaging Application Programming Interface, though simple MAPI is almost identical to CMC.)

The Web platform 12 includes an applet server 12 - 1 (e.g., for providing Java applets to the Web-based client); a Content Manager Application 12 - 2 (i.e., an application designed to receive information from content providers, format information into multimedia containers and distribute these containers to the Universal Messaging system via CMC calls); and an NT based Internet server 12 - 3 , such as, e.g., an IIS server. (IIS is Microsoft Windows NT's Internet Information Server. IIS permits one to set up a Web site and control and manage it remotely through the Internet.) Web platform 12 also includes or is operatively coupled to a first database (Offer Database) 12 - 4 and a second database (Subscription Database) 12 - 5 , where “offer” refers to an e-mail based advertisement and “subscription” refers to “news” from a content provider. In addition, Web server 12 includes a communications object/address book 12 - 6 and a Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

As shown, the firewall/gateway 18 interfaces the applet server 12 - 1 , Internet server 12 - 3 and Web server 14 to the Internet 16 . Moreover, the applet server 12 - 1 is responsible for downloading and interface with the Universal Messaging desktop located on the client's Web browser 22 . The applet server downloads (to the client PC 20 ) the Java applets required to provide an active desktop, and then communicates with the applets to provide the look and feel of the messaging desktop. FIGS. 4A , 4 B and 4 C (discussed below) show exemplary flows for logon and messaging.

The CMC API layer 10 - 4 and its supporting components provides a messaging interface library. The present invention does not require the use of any specific messaging interface library.

As mentioned, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for use in a session-based messaging system to manage sessions initiated through a sessionless interface. This aspect of the present invention is described in detail below in connection with the discussion of the Session Manager 10 - 5 , which is responsible for maintaining a “session” between the Web client 20 and the CMC API 10 - 4 even though the session is connectionless. For example, the Session Manager preferably retains a session record for each logged-on user to obviate the need for a CMC logon for each and every service request.

Another aspect of the present invention concerns an inventive method and apparatus for controlling access to different types of content in a messaging system. The present invention permits the use of existing Universal Messaging platform capabilities to address, store, transport, and deliver multimedia content packaged as attachments to uniquely identified e-mail messages. These specialized multimedia “containers” can be operated on by custom messaging clients in the same way as normal e-mail, and custom clients can be created to manipulate and present the contents of the containers in any way desired. A “custom client” is a Web-based messaging client that is custom built to manage and display multimedia containers. A “multimedia container” is a specifically designed type of message to store various kinds of multimedia information. Such a container may be filled by the Content Manager Application 12 - 2 (FIG. 1 ), distributed by the messaging system and displayed by a custom client. This aspect of the present invention is described below in connection with the discussion of the Content Manager 12 - 2 .

In addition, the Web-based client 20 is permitted to access “small” messages, such as e-mail messages stored in message store 10 - 2 , via the Internet 16 . Such messages traverse the path denoted “A” in FIG. 1 . The Web-based client 20 is permitted to access “large” objects, such as fax mail and voice mail messages stored in the voice/fax store 10 - 9 , via the Internet and the path denoted “B”. As explained below, Web platform 12 is “optimized” to handle the relatively smaller e-mail messages whereas Web server 14 is optimized to handle the relatively larger voice and fax mail messages. Such optimization is deemed necessary and advantageous in view of the relatively complex protocols, or large overhead, required by the TCP/IP interface/router 10 - 6 . In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, such large overhead is avoided with respect to the relatively larger voice/fax message objects, where it is most problematic, by transmitting messages directly from the voice/fax store 10 - 9 through Session Manager 10 - 5 and then through Web server 14 , thus bypassing the TCP/IP interface/router 10 - 6 employed to pass messages between the messaging platform 10 and the Web platform (NT server) 112 .

B. Session Manager

Messaging systems, such as the UVMS system shown in FIG. 1 , are typically session-based. That is, a user enters his/her user code and password and is logged into a session. If the session is terminated for any reason, the user must log back in. The CMC API 10 - 4 is also session-based in that user access to messages via the CMC requires a log-on procedure to be performed. In contrast, the Internet is sessionless. Specifically, the Internet, and the World Wide Web in particular, is based on a request/response paradigm that uses the HTTP protocol. When a Web browser (such as browser 22 ) “connects” to a “page” of the Web, no actual session is created. All that occurs is that the browser issues an HTTP request to the Web server (such as server 12 ) that hosts that page, and the Web server transfers the HTML code comprising the page to the browser—no connection is maintained between separate user requests. Any subsequent accesses to that Web page or to links within that page are performed using another HTTP request/response which requires another connection.

Since the primary client interface, the CMC layer 10 - 4 , to Universal Messaging is session based, it is advantageous to provide some way to initiate and maintain a session for the Web browser client. The primary advantage is that during a session for a client, the CMC layer 10 - 4 maintains various user and messaging data. This data is lost when a session is terminated. The Web browser interface to the Universal Messaging system could follow the usual request/response paradigm of the World Wide Web, however, it would be highly inefficient to do so because each request would require a logon-request-logoff sequence. Therefore, it is the function of the Session Manager 10 - 5 to establish and maintain sessions on behalf of the Web browser client.

For example, when a user first requests access to voice, fax, or e-mail message services (such as reading or sending messages) via the Web browser interface 22 , the user is required to enter a mail profile identifier (e.g., a user name) and password. The Session Manager 10 - 5 then establishes a session with the CMC layer 10 - 4 on behalf of the user and associates a session ID with the session. The Session Manager saves the profile identifier, password, and session in a session record.

Every subsequent request from the Web browser interface 22 is automatically accompanied by the user's mail profile identifier, password and session ID, although the user is not made aware of this. The Session Manager 10 - 5 attempts to validate each such call against the session records to verify that the user requesting service is already logged in. A new CMC session will be established if the Session Manager 10 - 5 cannot locate the identifier/password combination in its session log.

A timeout function of the Session Manager 10 - 5 automatically logs a user off the CMC layer 10 - 4 , deleting his/her session record, if no activity is detected within a predetermined period of time.

Session Manager Implementation Details

The presently preferred functions performed by the Session Manager 10 - 5 include:

Associating requests originating in the network, which are forwarded by the router 10 - 6 with the Universal mailbox;

Instituting a timeout process for these sessions;

Converting message-based Web extension calls to procedural CMC calls and UM service library calls, and converting any responses to these calls to a response message format; and

Constructing session-related URLs and embedding them in responses to the Web server 14 .

These and other aspects of the Session Manager 10 - 5 are described below in connection with the following topics:

a. Relationship to other entities

b. Memory management

c. Session establishment

d. Library entry points

e. Mapping Remote Interface messages to the CMC API

f. Router Interface

g. Web Server Interface

h. Debugging options

a. Entity Relationships

The Session Manager 10 - 5 is implemented as a server library whose primary clients are the applet server 12 - 1 and Content Manager 12 - 2 running on one or more Internet servers 12 - 3 and interfacing via the Router 10 - 6 , and Web Server 14 . In turn, the Session Manager links to the CMC layer 10 - 4 using a single connection.

Also linked to by the Session Manager 10 - 5 are UVMS 10 - 7 and Voice Mail Message Manager (VMMM) 10 - 8 . The Session Manager 10 - 5 is also linked to the Web server 14 .

The services provided by the CMC layer 10 - 4 can be considered low-level when compared with the requirements of the Web client 20 . The Session Manager 10 - 5 typically converts each client request into multiple calls on the CMC layer 10 - 4 . For example, the client may request a list of message headers to present to the user as the contents of an “inbox”. The Session Manager 10 - 5 then has to call the CMC layer 10 - 4 to construct a summary structure. Additional calls are made for each member of the summary structure to extract the required information, such as sender, subject, priority, date/time, etc. This data is consolidated by the Session Manager 10 - 5 and returned to the client in a convenient form. Most e-mail functions (e.g. read, send) result in multiple calls on the CMC layer 10 - 4 .

Parameters are passed to the Session Manager 10 - 5 in message form using an XDR format (a format whereby integers are represented by a four byte binary value with the most significant bit representing the sign). The Session Manager 10 - 5 decodes these parameters so they are compatible with CMC requirements.

The Session Manager 10 - 5 is also responsible for checking the result of each CMC function and returns an appropriate result code to its client.

b. Memory Management

The router 10 - 6 allocates the arrays needed to pass requests to and receive data from the Session Manager 10 - 5 . Within the Session Manager 10 - 5 there will be a pool of arrays used for temporary storage. The Session Manager 10 - 5 often needs to use more than one work area to service any given request. This approach should minimize the swapping of arrays in and out of memory on the mainframe 10 .

Two procedures, AllocateBuffer and FreeBuffer, control the allocation and deallocation of work areas. The procedure “AllocateBuffer” returns the index of an array row in a two-dimensional word array for the caller to use for temporary storage. The “FreeBuffer” procedure returns the designated array row to the available pool. Procedures requesting buffers should include an exception procedure to free the buffers to ensure that rows are not “lost” following a program fault.

c. Session Establishment

As discussed above, the Session Manager 10 - 5 is responsible for maintaining a session between the Web client 20 and the CMC layer 10 - 4 even though the session is connectionless. Every request for service from the Router 10 - 6 will include the user's mail profile identifier and password. The user's profile ID will be unique. Initially required for session establishment and the creation of a session record, the profile and password included in each request permits the Session Manager 10 - 5 to validate that each request pertains to an existing session. Where no matching session is located the Session Manager 10 - 5 automatically creates a new session on behalf of the user. This feature will also facilitate the future “hot” replacement capability of the library when it is fully implemented. The session record also stores the session number provided by the CMC during logon and this is used in subsequent CMC calls to uniquely identify the user session.

d. Library Entry Points

The Session Manager 10 - 5 provides two critical entry-points. The first is provided specifically for the use of the Router 10 - 6 and allows its users (applet server 12 - 1 and content manager 12 - 2 ) to request various functions of the Session Manager 10 - 5 by passing parameters and receiving results in a message-based format.

The entry point for the router 10 - 6 is defined as:

Real Procedure Request(InRequest, Len, Response, Scratch,
Flags);
Value InRequest, Response, Flags;
Pointer InRequest, Response;
Real Len, Flags;
Array Scratch[0];

“InRequest” and “Response” are pointers to arrays allocated in the remote interface. “Scratch” is an array allocated by the Router 10 - 6 and passed to the Session Manager 10 - 5 to use as a work area.

A second entry point exists for the use of the Web Server 14 and is declared as:

Integer Procedure CGI_Session_Manager (req,
content_length,
receive, send,
getenv, getargv,
malloc, free,
heaptoptr);
VALUE
req, content_length
INTEGER
req, content_length;
INTEGER PROCEDURE receive (len, req);
VALUE req, len;
INTEGER req, len;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE send (buf_ptr, len, req);
VALUE buf_ptr, len, req;
INTEGER buf_ptr, len, req;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE getenv (env_ptr);
VALUE env_ptr;
INTEGER env_ptr;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE getargv (arg_no);
VALUE arg_no;
INTEGER arg_no;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE malloc (bytes);
VALUE bytes;
INTEGER bytes;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE free (cptr);
VALUE cptr;
INTEGER cptr;
FORMAL;
INTEGER PROCEDURE heaptoptr (cptr, aptr);
VALUE cptr;
INTEGER cptr;
POINTER aptr;
FORMAL;

e. Mapping Remote Interface Messages to CMC API

The applet Server 12 - 1 and Content Manager 12 - 2 calls the Session Manager 10 - 5 using the “Request” entry point. The primary key for the message is the session ID. This is the end to end communication key between the Web client 22 and the Session Manager 10 - 5 and is composed of the user ID and password. On receipt of a message from the Router 10 - 6 , the Session Manager 10 - 5 derives the session ID and determines whether or not it identifies a valid session. If not, the Session Manager 10 - 5 attempts to log the user onto the CMC layer 10 - 4 and establishes a local session record. The requested function is then performed.

The structure of the request message passed to the Session Manager 10 - 5 is outlined below:

FunctionID
User ID       Long Integer
User Password String
              String
<Set of positional parameters based on FunctionID>

A structure of the response message returned from the Session Manager 10 - 5 is:

Msg format indicator
User ID    Long Integer
Password   String
ResultCode String
           Long Integer
<Function-specific data>

The above style of messaging allows for easy expansion of messages in the future while keeping network overheads to a minimum.

Only two basic types of parameter are permitted: An integer represented as a 4-byte hi-endian number; and “String” starting with a integer length followed by length bytes of ASCII data. A structure can be constructed out of the above two basic elementary types. A structure may take the form of <collection of elementary type>. A constructed parameter called “array” is also available. The form of “array” is <count of elements><collection of elements>, where <count of elements> is a long integer and <collection of elements> is a collection of fixed length structures.

f. Router Interface

The functions available to clients calling the Session Manager via the router interface are listed below.

Logon (FunctionID=1): Logs the user on to the CMC layer 10 - 4 and creates a session record within the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

Logoff (FunctionID=2): Logs the user off the CMC layer 10 - 4 and destroys the Session Manager session record.

GetAllHeaders (FunctionID=3): This is the first example of the Session Manager providing additional intelligence by performing a number of CMC functions in response to a single request. The Session Manager 10 - 5 obtains the headers for all subscription records for the user by requesting all headers of a particular (content) BLT type, sorts them by subject field and ascending date/time, and then deletes all but the latest message where the subject fields are identical so that only the latest record for a given subscription remains. Next, all headers are requested and returned to the requester. An appropriate result value is returned. The Session Manager 10 - 5 returns the read/unread status of each message as well as an indication of the presence of attachments. CMC functions called include: CMC Act_On, CMC_List, Clear_Extension, Set_Extension, Get_Summary, Get_Summary_Recipient, Get Summary_Extension, and Get_Display_Time.

GetNewHeaders (FunctionID=4): Having called GetAllHeaders, the client is expected to save the 128 -bit reference of the last header received (assuming it did receive one or more headers). The client will periodically refresh its list of headers by calling this function passing the last received message reference. The Session Manager 10 - 5 will request all messages with a greater reference from the CMC layer 10 - 4 and process these in exactly the same way as the GetAllHeaders function.

SendMessage (FunctionID=5): Parameters are numerous and include such items as to, cc, bcc, subject, priority, message text, attachments, etc. An additional parameter determines whether or not the message is sent to the designated recipient(s) as well as being “saved” by sending the message to the originator with a specific BLT message type that allows foldering emulation. CMC functions called include, CMC_Send, Clear_Message, Set_Message, Set_Message_Recipient, Set_Message_Attach, and Get_Message. This function preferably involves the implementation of BCC recipients within the CMC layer 10 - 4 .

ReadMessage (FunctionID=6): The Session Manager 10 - 5 obtains the message referenced by the single 128 -bit string parameter and returns the message header fields, the message body and details of attachments to the caller. Reading a message will cause the message to be marked as read. CMC functions called include CMC_Read, Clear_Extension, Set_Extension, Get_Message, Get_Message_Ext, Get_Message_Recipient, and Get_Message_Attach. BCC recipients are implemented within the CMC layer 10 - 4 .

DeleteMessage (FunctionID=7): The Session Manager 10 - 5 will delete the message referenced by the single 128 -bit string parameter. The CMC function called is CMC_Act_On.

ValidUser (FunctionID=8): Content Manager 12 - 2 calls this function to determine whether or not the supplied mail profile ID represents a registered user. If so, a lookup is performed to get the user's full name and SMTP address. The Session Manager 10 - 5 also determines if a current session exists for the specified user.

GetAttachment (FunctionID=9): Parameters are (1) the 128 -bit message identifier and (2) the relative attachment number. The Session Manager 10 - 5 determines the name of the attachment file, locates it and returns the file contents to the caller. The CMC layer 10 - 4 function called is Get_Message_Attach.

CreateOfferMessage (FunctionID=10): The Content Manager 12 - 2 calls this function to send a message to a list of recipients. The message text provides details of the offer and an attached URL points to the content being offered. The CMC functions called include, CMC_Send, Clear_Message, Set_Message, Set_Message_Recipient, Set_Message_Attach, and Get_Message.

CreateSubscriptionMessage (FunctionID=11): Similar to the previous function except there is no message text or return address. A URL points to the content. The CMC layer ( 10 - 4 ) functions called are the same as SendMessage.

GetVoiceFaxInfo (FunctionID=12): Having previously called ReadMessage and obtained an encrypted reference to a voice or fax message, the client next calls this function to obtain information relating to the voice/fax message. The Session Manager has to read the e-mail notification message to obtain a reference to the UVMS 10 - 7 message and information about the voice/fax message. One or more encrypted references to VMMM 10 - 8 messages are returned to the caller to be used by the Web Plugin to retrieve voice or fax data via the Web Server 14 . Each encrypted message reference includes a timestamp so they have a limited lifetime. The CMC layer 10 - 4 functions called are the same as SendMessage.

GetHeaderCount (FunctionID=13): This function returns the total count of messages in the user's mailbox and is used by the client to allocate appropriate resources.

ChangeProperty (FunctionID=14): This function allows the user to change user properties. The function is passed a name/value pair. Only one property can be changed per call. Currently the user may only change his or her CMC password. The CMC layer 10 - 4 function called is CMC_Password.

g. Web Server Interface

Streaming of voice and fax data both into and out of the VMMM Voice/Fax Store 10 - 9 is accomplished with the Web Server 14 which calls Session Manager 10 - 5 as a CGI library using the CGI_Session_Manager entry point. Two procedures, one for input and one for output, handle all streaming requirements.

The Session Manager's CGI interface has two responsibilities. Firstly, given an encrypted reference to a voice or fax message by the Web Plugin it must be able to locate the actual data and stream it back to the plugin to be “played” to the user. Secondly, it must be able to accept a data stream recorded by the plugin and representing a voice or fax message and process it appropriately.

When the Session Manager CGI interface receives a request it calls a procedure Stream_Voice_Fax_Data which extracts the encrypted VMMM message reference (previously obtained via a ReadMessage function call) from the incoming request. The reference is decoded and the timestamp checked for expiration. If the reference has not expired, the procedure GetVMMMBlob is called in the VMMM 10 - 8 interface library to stream the data back to the plugin via the Web Server.

After recording a voice message, the plugin streams data to the Session Manager which invokes a procedure called Accept Voice Fax. The Session Manager then calls the VMMM 10 - 8 interface library to store the data. The mailbox is checked and UVMS 10 - 7 is called to compose the message. After processing all the recipients an e-mail is generated (if one or more recipients failed) and sent to the originator to notify him or her of a problem. Finally, the user's browser is redirected to one of the two URLs supplied by the plugin to indicate the operation is complete and has succeeded or failed.

h. Debugging Options

Various debugging data including a trace of all data entering and leaving the Session Manager 10 - 5 is written to an optional trace file. The trace file is written in a comma-separated stream file format that is compatible with Microsoft Excel and other similar products.

Debugging can be initiated when the Session Manager 10 - 5 starts or during runtime. A new trace file is created each time tracing is initiated.

C. Content Manager

As mentioned above, another aspect of the present invention concerns an inventive method and apparatus for controlling access to different types of content in a messaging system. The approach described herein permits the use of existing Universal Messaging platform capabilities to address, store, transport, and deliver multimedia content packaged as attachments to uniquely identified e-mail messages. These specialized multimedia “containers” can be operated on by custom messaging clients in the same way as normal e-mail. Save, delete, reply, forward, and other common e-mail functions continue to operate as expected. Customized clients can be created to manipulate and present the contents of the containers in any way desired. Some of the material referred to below can be found in the X.400 API Association's Common Messaging Call API Specification, Version 2.0, dated Jun. 28, 1995.

The Content Manager 12 - 2 is employed to serve as an interface to content providers, organize the content into the proper formats for receiving clients, provide address lists for the content containers, and set other desired content message parameters, such as priority. In addition, the Content Manager 12 - 2 acts as a client when receiving e-mail based replies to certain types of content messages.

The presentation and manipulation of the content messages is the responsibility of the custom messaging client(s), such as UVMS custom client 10 - 7 . The end user look and feel of these messages is completely under the control of the client. End user presentation issues such as displaying messages in separate folders, presenting custom icons for messages, enabling customized operations on messages or their contents is the responsibility of the client.

Content container messages preferably utilize the standard e-mail header constructs common to all messages. Standard headers contain “To:”, “From:”, “cc:”, and “Subject:” fields as well as various flags for priority, return receipt, and other message status and delivery options. The “To:” and “From:” fields are filled in by the Content Manager 12 - 2 . The “To:” field will contain a list of all users targeted to receive a particular subscription or offer. The “From:” field will most likely contain the e-mail address of an inbox assigned to the Content Manager 12 - 2 ; however, this is not a requirement and any “From:” address could be used.

Platform Services

A standard set of message maintenance and housekeeping functions are supplied by the Universal Messaging platform 10 . Mailbox attributes such as message count and size limits are supported. Attributes that apply to individual messages, such as delivery priority, return receipt, and expiration, are also handled by the platform. The concept of expiration of messages is especially important when using content delivery messages. The Content Manager 12 - 2 sets the message expiration attributes in the content message headers to ensure that outdated offers and subscriptions are automatically removed from the system.

The Universal Messaging platform 10 also ensures that the current state of all messages (including content containers) is accurately reflected no matter which access device is used. For example, if an offer is opened and saved at the handset 26 , the saved state of the offer is reflected in the users universal inbox. If the user then logs into the system using the Web interface, the custom Web application (e.g., browser 22 ) can use the inbox information to display the offer header on the screen in a manner different from new offers. Other message operations (such as delete) are reflected in the universal inbox. Prohibiting or enabling certain operations on a message type or user basis (such as the deletion of subscription containers) is a custom client function.

Messaging Enabled Applications

The Content Manager 12 - 2 is preferably implemented as a messaging enabled application that is responsible for the generation and maintenance of the content messages flowing in and out of the Universal Messaging system. The Content Manager 12 - 2 has access to the Universal Messaging platform via CMC 1.0 client calls, VNMS support library calls, and the messaging platform file system.

The Universal Voice Messaging System (UVMS) 10 - 7 is also considered a messaging enabled application. UVMS handles client interface functions for the telephone handset user. All audio and fax content delivery functions involving an interface to telephone devices and fax machines are managed by the UVMS call flows.

The Web server 14 shown in FIG. 1 can either be a Unisys ClearpathTm based Atlas™ server (such as a server supplied with Umsg Release 1.0) or any other Web server to which the Content Manager 12 - 2 and custom Web application have access. The Web server 14 does not have access to the Content Manager 12 - 2 . The sole purpose of the Web server 14 is to fulfill requests from the Web-based client 22 for the retrieval and delivery of voice and fax messages. Client requests bound for the Content Manager are handled by the Internet Information Server 12 - 3 .

Content Container

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary multimedia container format. Message and attachment fields shown in bold, and indicated by reference characters “MF” and “AF”, are defined by the Content Manager 12 - 2 and multimedia clients. The content of fields not in bold are defined by the CMC specification, and these fields are filled by applications in accordance with the specification.

The tasks involved in designing the container are as follows:

1. Develop a list of agreed upon message type definitions. The definitions should be sufficiently flexible to allow expansion in the future.

2. Define the use of the subject field.

3. Define a structure for the text—note field. We propose that the text—note field be used for communication between the Content Manager 12 - 2 and the multimedia clients.

4. Agree on the use of attachments. We propose that all content is carried in attachments via a pointer in the filename field. Only one type of content (e.g., audio, text, HTML, graphic) should be used per attachment.

5. Define the use of the attachment field's title, type, and filename. Produce a standard for using filename to contain pointers to objects (such as a URL).

The following sections describe each component of the CMC message structure depicted in FIG. 2 in more detail.

Message Types

As mentioned, the Universal Messaging platform may be enhanced to provide support for a new series of message types specifically targeted for the delivery of multimedia content. These message types will be ignored by normal e-mail clients but will be visible to the CMC layer 10 - 4 clients specifically coded to recognize the message type.

The following message types are defined in the CMC specification:

Object Identifiers          type “OID”, used for types
                            identified by object identifiers as
                            defined in CCITT
                            Recommendation X.208.
CMC Registered Values       type “CMC”, used for types defined
                            in the CMC 2.0 specification.
“CMC:IPM.Note”              Interpersonal message. A memo-like
                            message containing a recipient list,
                            an optional subject, an optional
                            text note, and zero or more
                            attachments. The “Message”
                            structure is optimized to
                            accommodate a message of type IPM.
“CMC:Report.IPM.Note.IPRN”  Receipt notification for an
                            interpersonal message. A
                            receipt notification indicates
                            that a message has been read by
                            the recipient.
“CMC:Report.IPM.Note.IPNRN” Non-receipt notification for an
                            interpersonal message. A non-
                            receipt notification indicates
                            that a message has been removed
                            from the recipient's mailbox
                            without being read.
“CMC:Report.IPM.Note.DR”    Delivery report indicating that
                            the service was able to deliver
                            a message to the recipient.
“CMC:Report.IPM.Note.NDR”   Non-delivery report indicating
                            that the service was not able
                            to deliver a message to the
                            recipient.
“CMC:Report.IPM.Note.CDR”   Both delivery and non-delivery
                            reports when the original
                            message is destined for
                            multiple recipients, indicating
                            that the messaging service is
                            able to deliver the message to
                            some recipients but not to the others.
Bilateral Defined Values    Type “BLT”, used for types that
                            are unregistered.

Because all message types other than CMC Registered Values are ignored by standard messaging clients, our choices are to use one of the defined object identifiers or to specify a new message type. The Universal Messaging platform has already declared message type “BLT:NAP” to be used to identify messages (currently voice and fax) that are handled by the UVMS messaging application. (“NAP” refers to Network Applications Platform.) Because the content delivery function does not seem to fit into any of the pre-declared message type categories, we suggest that one define a new message type class for the content containers. The message type takes the format: BLT:UMSCONTENT.<class>.<subclass>. . . . <subclass>.

The hierarchy of the new message class for type “SUBSCRIPTION” is shown below:

“BLT:UMSCONTENT”
“BLT:UMSCONTENT.SUBSCRIPTION”
“BLT:UMSCONTENT.SUBSCRIPTION.NEWSPAPER”
“BLT:UMSCONTENT.SUBSCRIPTION.MAGAZINE”
. . .
“BLT:UMSCONTENT.SUBSCRIPTION. xxx”

Similar message classes may be defined for type “OFFER” and “BILL”. The class types are determined by the types of content to be offered. Subclasses are used to differentiate between different formats of content within a class. Appropriate subclass extensions can be defined within each class as required. In a presently preferred embodiment of the invention, extensions can be defined as required up to the message type data item limit of 255 characters.

Message Structure

The following is an exemplary type definition for a CMC message structure shown in C language syntax. A similar structure definition is provided in the ALGOL CMC support library.

typedef struct {
CMC_message_reference *message_reference;
CMC_string            message_type;
CMC_string            subject;
CMC_time              time_sent;
CMC_string            text_note;
CMC_recipient         *recipients;
CMC_attachment        *attachments;
CMC_flags             message_flags;
CMC_extension         *message_extensions;
} CMC_message;

A data value of this type is a message. This data structure is included to provide support for CMC 1.0 implementations. A message has the following components:

message_reference  Identifies the message. The message
                   reference is unique within a mailbox.
message_type       String that identifies the type of the
                   message.
subject            Message's subject string. This is a
                   free form string which can be used as
                   desired by the content management
                   application.
time sent          Date/time message was sent
                   (submitted)
text_note          Message's text note string. If the
                   value is NULL, there is no text note.
                   if the CNC_TEXT_NOTE_AS_FILE flag is
                   set, the text note is in the first
                   attachment.
                   The format of the text note,
                   regardless of whether it is passed in
                   memory or in a file, is a sequence of
                   paragraphs, with the appropriate line
                   terminator for the platform (CR for
                   Macintosh, LF for Unix, CR/LF for DQS
                   and Windows, etc.) terminating each
                   paragraph. Long lines (paragraphs) may
                   be word wrapped by the CNC
                   implementation. Note that there is no
                   guaranteed fidelity (e.g., a long
                   paragraph may be returned by the CNC
                   read functions as a series of shorter
                   paragraphs)
message_reference  Identifies the message. The message
                   reference is unique within a mailbox.
recipients         Pointer to first element in array of
                   recipients of the message.
attachments        Pointer to first element in array of
                   attachments for the message.
message_flags      Bits for Boolean attributes. Unused
                   bits should be clear.
message_extensions Pointer to first element in array of
                   per-message extensions.

Attachments

Multimedia content can be placed directly in the content messages by using the text_note field of the message structure. Content can also be referenced by a pointer using the attach_filename field of the attachment structure. The latter approach allows the actual content to be stored directly in the appropriate message store instead of being carried along with the message. An example of this would be placing the audio portion of a subscription directly into the VNMS object store and including a pointer to the audio (NAP message ID) in the content message. Clients accessing the message would request the audio content directly from the VNMS object store using the supplied pointer.

We suggest that the text-note field be used to carry instructions relating to presentation and management of the content, and the actual content be referenced by pointers using attachment structures. Each attachment will only carry one type of multimedia data. For example, a content container (message) carrying the content for a Wall Street Journal subscription would have three attachments. One attachment would carry ASCII text content, one would carry HTML content, and one would carry audio content. The receiving client would use the attachment format appropriate to the access device the client is servicing.

In CMC, attachment structures contain information about an attachment. This information includes a user defined attachment title, a predefined object identifier (standard or user defined), the attachment filename (which could also be a pointer such as a URL), flags that determine the final ownership of the attachment, and an extension structure that can contain pointers to functions that operate on attachments.

The following is a type definition for a CMC attachment structure shown in C language syntax. A similar structure definition is provided in the ALGOL CMC support library.

typedef struct {
CMC_string            attach_title;
CMC_object_identifier attach_type;
CMC_string            attach_filename;
CMC_flags             attach_flags;
CMC_extension         *attach-extensions;
} CMC_attachment;

This data structure is fully supported in CMC 1.0 implementations. An attachment has the following components:

attach_title      Optional title for attachment, e.g.,
                  original filename of attachment. This
                  field is free format. It may be used to
                  convey additional information about the
                  attachment content.
attach_type       Object identifier that specifies type of
                  attachment. A NULL value designates an
                  undefined attachment type. Two general
                  purpose Object Identifiers have been
                  predefined for use by applications and
                  CNC implementations.
attach_filename   Name of file where attachment content is
                  located. The location of the file is
                  implementation dependent, but should
                  ensure access by the calling application.
                  If the attach_type indicates a pointer
                  based object identifier, the
                  attach_filename will contain the pointer.
attach_flags      Flags boolean attributes. Unused flags
                  should be clear.
attach_extensions Pointer to first element in array of per-
                  attachment extensions. A value of NULL
                  indicates that no extensions are present.

A listing of exemplary predefined object content types is provided in the appendix below.

Custom Client for Multimedia Containers Standard messaging clients (e.g., such as Microsoft Exchange and Lotus Notes cc:Mail) are only capable of acting on messages where the message type field is IPM:xxxx, where “xxxx” could be Note, NDN, Report, etc. The multimedia container concept disclosed herein relies on a messaging client that has the capability to recognize message types other than IPM. In the case of the Universal Messaging system, the message type used for multimedia containers is “BLT:UMSCONTENT.<content_type>” (where BLT stands for bilateral defined type). A custom messaging client for multimedia containers must have the capability to both create and interpret CMC messages of type BLT:UMSCONTENT.

A client of this type can be constructed by starting with a basic CMC client architecture (as used in the Universal Messaging e-mail client) and adding additional logic to handle the extended range of type fields required for the multimedia containers. In the case of message creation, this logic would include a table of supported content types indexed by a value known to the content provider. Content that is delivered to the custom client (through electronic data transfer or other means) will contain an identifying value that the custom client will use as an index into the content type table. Content messages are constructed by creating a standard CMC message (as for an e-mail), addressing the message to the recipient of the content, placing the content (or pointer to the content) into the body of the message, and setting the message type attribute equal to the string “BLT:UMSCONTENT<content type from the table>”. The message is then submitted to the CMC API for normal handling in the manner of a standard e-mail.

The messaging platform delivers the multimedia content message to the addressed recipient. The message is ignored if the recipient does not have a custom multimedia container client. The standard client does not display the message or attempt to perform any action on it.

A custom client capable of recognizing and acting on the multimedia content message requires a change to the standard messaging client's message header handling logic that will cause the client to recognize message types beginning with BLT:UMSCONTENT. Upon discovering a message of type BLT:UVMSCONTENT, the custom client proceeds to read the extended type information following the BLT:UVMSCONTENT string. This information is used to provide customized presentation and handling of the content embedded in the message body. The custom client must should logic to handle all of the types of content that can be transported in the multimedia content container.

D. Web Server for Large Objects

Another aspect of the present invention concerns an inventive method and apparatus for speeding the transfer of large data objects in a Universal Messaging system. The system of FIG. 1 integrates an e-mail messaging system with a voice/fax messaging system on the messaging platform 10 . E-mail messages are stored in an e-mail message store 10 - 2 whereas voice and/or fax messages are stored in a separate storage area 10 - 9 controlled by the Voice Mail Message Manager (VMMM) 10 - 8 . Subscribers can access messages from a personal computer 20 , via the Internet 16 , using a standard Web browser 22 with a proprietary Java applet(s) that presents the subscriber with a “universal inbox” that displays all of the subscriber's voice, fax, and e-mail messages. The Web platform 12 controls the Web browser interface to the messaging platform 10 , accepting requests from the Web browser 22 (such as a request to read an e-mail or listen to a voice mail) and passing certain kinds of information back to the Web browser. The Web platform 12 interfaces with the messaging platform 10 via the generic TCP/IP interface/router 10 - 6 . The Session Manager 10 - 5 manages the Web browser's “session” with the messaging system. The CMC layer 10 - 4 provides the “glue” to enable communication and control between the different message stores.

A problem that can arise in such a system is that data passing through the CMC layer 10 - 4 , the Session Manager 10 - 5 , and the TCP/IP stacks on both the messaging platform 10 and the Web platform 12 necessarily cross a number of software process boundaries with substantial overhead. Having to cross at least two TCP/IP stacks adds significant overhead alone. This data path is indicated by the reference character “A” in FIG. 1 .

The presently preferred embodiment of the present invention solves this problem by sending large data objects via a separate, dedicated one-way Web server 14 , thus minimizing the path traversed by the data on its way to the subscriber's Web browser 22 . The request for that data, however, is still received via the Web platform 12 . Because the Session Manager 10 - 5 has already validated the subscriber through his/her Web browser connection, the transfer of a large data object does not require separate validation. The system simply sends the data through the dedicated server 14 to the subscriber's URL. This architecture allows the Web platform 12 to be optimized for smaller transactions (e.g., data requests, e-mail, GUI interactions) while the dedicated Web server 14 is optimized for large data transfers from the messaging platform to the subscriber. Data transfer is therefore much more efficient than if a single server had to handle both large and small data objects.

Process Flows

Exemplary process flows will now be summarized for a number of typical processes, including: Logon, View Inbox, Open E-mail, Open Voice/Fax Message, Subscription Sign-up, Open Subscription, Send Message, Delete Message, New Message List, and Listen to E-mail Headers. As shown in FIG. 3 , the flows typically employ the use of applets on the Web browser 22 , which are represented by blocks 22 A, 22 B, . . . 22 N in FIG. 3 . These flows are depicted in FIGS. 4A through 4K , respectively.

“Log On” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 A. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber (Web-based client) accesses the URL of the Universal Messaging system's logon page.

2. The Internet server 12 - 3 presents the Logon page to the subscriber.

3. The subscriber (Web-based client) completes the Logon page with her/his user name and password and submits the details to the applet server 12 - 1 .

4. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the Logon information (user name and password) to the Session Manager 10 - 5 via the Sockets Interface layer 12 - 7 .

5. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the Logon information to the CMC API 10 - 4 and creates a session.

6. The CMC API 10 - 4 requests and receives user name and password verification from Addressing Services 10 - 1 , which returns either a success or failure result.

7. The CMC API 10 - 4 returns the success/failure result to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

8. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the success/failure result to the applet server 12 - 1 software via the Sockets Interface layer 12 - 7 .

9. If the verification was a success, the applet server 12 - 1 displays the Universal Messaging home page and automatically downloads any newer versions of applets appearing on that page. If the verification was a failure, the applet server 12 - 1 displays a page prompting the subscriber to re-enter her/his user name and password.

“View Inbox” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 B. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber clicks on the “Inbox” button, which causes the Inbox Java applet to send a request for message headers to the applet server 12 - 1 .

2. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the request to the Session Manager 10 - 5 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

3. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the request to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 requests and receives a list of message headers from the e-mail message store 10 - 2 (both new and existing).

5. The CMC API 10 - 4 reformats the message header information into fields that the Inbox Java applet can understand and passes them to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

6. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the list of message headers to the applet server 12 - 1 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

7. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the list to the Inbox Java applet which presents the message header list to the subscriber.

“Open E-mail” Transaction Flow This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 C. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber clicks on an e-mail message to open it, which causes the Inbox Java applet to send a request for that message to the applet server 12 - 1 .

2. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the Logon ID (user name and password) and the Message ID to the Session Manager 10 - 5 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

3. The Session Manager 10 - 5 validates the session and, if valid, passes the Message ID request on to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 requests and receives the e-mail message in question from the Message Store, along with information about the size of the message and pointers to attachments (if any).

5. The CMC API 10 - 4 returns the e-mail message and other details to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

6. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the e-mail message and other details to the applet server 12 - 1 .

7. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the e-mail message and other details to the Java applet on the subscriber's PC, which displays the message text for the subscriber.

“Open Voice/Fax Message” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 D. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber clicks on a voice or fax message to open it, and the Logon ID and URL for the message are passed to the Web Server 14 .

2. The Web server 14 passes the Logon ID and URL information to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

3. The Session Manager 10 - 5 validates the session, and, if valid, passes the request to the Voice Message Management Module (VMMM) component of VNMS.

4. VMMM retrieves the message from the Voice and Fax Data File in segments and passes the segments on individually to the Session Manager 10 - 5 . Each segment contains both the voice/fax data and information on the total number of bytes in each segment. The first segment also contains the total size of the entire message stream and is prefixed with the MIME type.

5. As each segment is received, the Session Manager 10 - 5 passes it on to the Web server 14 .

6. In turn, the Web server 14 passes each received segment to the NAP Web Plug-in on the subscriber's PC.

Steps 4 through 6 are repeated until all message segments have been passed to the plug-in. The plug-in then plays or displays the voice or fax data.

“Subscription Sign-up” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 E. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber initiates the sign-up process by clicking on the new subscriptions icon, which causes the Java Subscriptions applet to send a request via the Internet server 12 - 3 to the Content Manager 12 - 2 for a Subscription Details form.

2. The Content Manager 12 - 2 returns the Subscription Data form via the Internet server 12 - 3 .

3. The subscriber completes the form and submits the information to the Content Manager 12 - 2 via the Internet server 12 - 3 .

4. The Content Manager 12 - 2 verifies the data to make sure the form was completed properly. If yes, the Content Manager 12 - 2 creates a new subscription record within the Content Manager 12 - 2 database and creates an e-mail message that contains a URL for all instances of that subscription for that user. The e-mail is sent to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

5. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the e-mail to the e-mail message store 10 - 2 via the CMC API 10 - 4 .

“Open Subscription” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 F. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The information provider transmits the subscriptions via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to the data exchange area in the Content Manager 12 - 2 .

2. The subscriber clicks on the Subscriptions button, which sends a request for a subscription list to the Content Manager 12 - 2 .

3. The Content Manager 12 - 2 verifies that the subscriber has signed up for subscriptions. If yes, the Content Manager 12 - 2 returns a list of current subscriptions via the Internet server 12 - 3 .

4. The subscriber selects the subscription he or she wishes to view and submits his/her choice to the Content Manager 12 - 2 (the subscription request contains the URL pointer for the content).

5. The Content Manager 12 - 2 processes the request and returns the content to the subscriber via the Internet server 12 - 3 .

“Send Message” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 G. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber (Web-based client) composes a voice mail or an e-mail message and clicks Send. The Java applet passes the message and its attachments (if any) to the applet server 12 - 1 .

2. The applet server 12 - 1 sends the message on to the Session Manager 10 - 5 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

3. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the message and a send request to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 sends the message to the Transport Service Provider 10 - 3 , which, depending on the message's final destination, uses the X.400 MTA or the X.400/SMTP gateway to transmit the message. The Transport Service Provider returns a success or a failure result to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

5. The CMC API passes the success/failure result to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

6. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the success/failure result to the applet server 12 - 1 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

7. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the success/failure result to the Java applet, which notifies the subscriber whether the message has been sent or not sent.

“Delete Message” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 H. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber selects a message (voice, fax, or e-mail) for deletion. The Java applet passes the delete request (including Session ID and Message ID) to the applet server 12 - 1 .

2. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the delete request and information to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

3. The Session Manager 10 - 5 validates the session and, if successful, passes the delete request and information on to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 passes the delete request on to the Message Store. If the deleted message was a voice or fax message, it also sends a delete request to the VMMM 10 - 8 , which deletes the message in the voice/fax data file.

5. The CMC API 10 - 4 sends a success or failure result to the Session Manager 10 - 5 .

6. The Session Manager 10 - 5 passes the result to the applet server 12 - 1 via the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 .

7. The applet server 12 - 1 passes the result to the Java applets, which notifies the subscriber if the message has been deleted or not deleted by changing the message list in the Inbox.

“New Message List” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 I. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber dials into his voice mail account and accesses the UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 .

2. The Custom Client 10 - 7 retrieves new fax and voice message counts from the VMMM 10 - 8 .

3. Concurrent with Step 2 , the Custom Client sends a request for a new e-mail message count to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 requests and receives a count of new e-mail messages from the message store 10 - 2 .

5. The CMC API 10 - 4 passes the new e-mail message count back to the UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 .

6. The UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 presents the new message counts to the user, e.g.: “You have 5 new e-mail messages, 3 new voice messages, and 1 new fax message.”

“Listening to E-mail Headers” Transaction Flow

This process is illustrated in FIG. 4 J. The transaction flow includes the following steps and acts.

1. The subscriber selects the “Listen to e-mail headers” option and a request for the first e-mail header is sent to the UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 .

2. The Custom Client sends a request for the first e-mail header (including User ID and Message ID) to the CMC API 10 - 4 .

3. The CMC API 10 - 4 requests and receives the e-mail header specified by the Custom Client from the message store 10 - 9 .

4. The CMC API 10 - 4 passes the e-mail message header back to the UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 .

5. The UVMS Custom Client 10 - 7 plays the message header for the subscriber.

This process is repeated for each e-mail message header the subscriber selects.

“Provisioning a Subscriber”

FIG. 4K depicts a typical process flow when a Universal Messaging subscriber is provisioned.

1. The operator, using a workstation 30 , performs the initial account set-up by entering standard subscriber data, including setting a UVMS class of service options required for Universal Messaging functionality.

2. UVMS Admin 10 - 10 creates a NAP address and a handset access logon ID for the subscriber and passes the subscriber data to Message Handling Service (MHS) Provisioning Services (MPS) 10 - 11 via the CMC API 10 - 4 .

3. MPS provisions MHS Addressing Services 10 - 1 with the subscriber data from UVMS. MHS Addressing Services returns subscriber data specific to e-mail communications and Web browser access, such as profile name, password, SMTP address, and X.400 address.

4. MPS returns the MHS-specific subscriber data to UVMS Admin. The subscriber is now successfully provisioned.

E. “Open” Architecture

The “open architecture” of the presently preferred embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 5 . In particular, FIG. 5 illustrates how the different components of the inventive Universal Messaging system use standard interfaces and protocols to provide unified messaging services.

Architecture Requirements

The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a carrier-grade system based on components that are known for their reliability, availability, and openness. The Messaging Platform 10 is based on proven technology, the same solutions at work in voice and fax messaging deployments around the world. The Web Platform 12 is based on commodity products such as Windows NT and Java. In addition, the subscriber does not have to go through a laborious installation process in order to use Universal Messaging—all that is needed is a touch-tone phone and a Java-enabled browser with which to connect to the World Wide Web, both of which are well known. Even the NAP Web Plug-In, used to access voice and fax messages, is automatically downloaded and installed the first time a subscriber accesses his or her account.

Moreover, the Universal Messaging architecture takes advantage of commodity messaging technologies and protocols, such as the CMC API and X.400 messaging. This ensures that as technology progresses, the system will continue to interoperate with other systems and standards.

Merging Telephony and Internet Environments

The philosophy behind the interactions over a telephony system versus the interactions over the Internet are vastly different. During a telephone call, a session is established and maintained from “off hook” to “on hook.” Each call is a single session. Conversely, the Internet is “sessionless,” i.e., interaction is based on transactions (a subscriber requesting a web page or an applet) rather than on the total time the subscriber has potential access to the Internet. To resolve the potential conflict between session-based and sessionless systems, the Session Manager 10 - 5 was developed.

The Session Manager creates an artificial session into the Messaging Platform 10 for Web transactions. It serves as a communications layer between the Messaging Interface's API 10 - 4 and the Sockets Interface 12 - 7 of the Web Platform 12 , and between the API 10 - 4 and the Web server 14 .

Industry-Standard Architecture

The preferred architecture behind Universal Messaging relies on industry-standard systems, including: a Universal Voice Message System (UVMS), a high-capacity, high-volume voice and fax messaging system employed around the world; and a Microsoft NT Server, an enterprise-grade operating system that supports the Web Platform 12 and provides the advantages of a commodity and recognizable interface.

In addition, the inventive Universal Messaging system supports and utilizes a variety of industry-standard components, including: X.400 (1984, 1988), SMTP, TCP/IP, Common Messaging Calls (CMC), MIME Attachments, Java applets and HTML.

F. Conclusion

We have described an inventive Universal Messaging system comprising, inter alia, a Session Manager 10 - 5 , Content Manager 12 - 2 , and Web server 14 . The scope of protection of the claims set forth below (following the appendix) is not intended to be limited to the particulars described herein in connection with the detailed description of presently preferred embodiments.

APPENDIX

Exemplary Predefined Object Content Types

The predefined object content type specifies the content type of the content item. A NULL value designates an undefined content item type.

CMC_CT_PLAIN_TEXT              Specifies plain or unformatted text
                               content.
CMC_CT_GIF_IMAGE               Specifies image data content in the
                               form of the Graphics Image Format
                               used by MIME and the World Wide Web.
CMC_CT_JPEG_IMAGE              Specifies image data content in the
                               form of the ISO Joint Picture
                               Encoding Group standard used by MIME
                               and the World Wide Web.
CMC_CT_BASIC_AUDIO             Specifies audio data content in the
                               form of audio encoded using 8-bit
                               JSDN mu-law or PCM defined by CCITT
                               Recommendation G.711 with a sample
                               rate of 8000 Hz and with a single
                               channel.
CMC_CT_MPEG_VIDEO              Specifies video content in the form
                               of the ISO Motion Picture Encoding
                               Group, ISO 11172 standard used by
                               MIME and the World Wide Web.
CMC_CT_MESSAGE                 Specifies that the content is an
                               encapsulated message.
CMC_CT_PARTIAL_MESSAGE         Specifies that the content is a
                               portion of another message. This
                               content type allows a large message
                               to be delivered as several separate
                               pieces to facilitate receipt.
CMC_CT_EXTERNAL_MESSAGE        Specifies that the content is
                               external to the message. The content
                               information property contains a
                               textual reference to the external
                               content information.
CMC_CT_APPLICATION_OCTET_STREA Specifies that the content is an
M                              application dependent stream of
                               octets.
CMC_CT_APPLICATION_POSTSCRIPT  Specifies that the content is a
                               PostScript program.
CMC_CT_ALTERNATIVE_MULTIPART   Specifies that the content is one of
                               an alternative form of content to
                               another note or content item within
                               the message object.
CMC_CT_DIGEST MULTIPART        Specifies that the content is one of
                               a group of related messages within
                               the message object. The messages may
                               serve as a sequence of discussions
                               captured in a thread of messages as
                               is found on bulletin board systems.
CMC_CT_MIXED_MULTIPART         Specifies that the content is one of
                               an ordered sequence of messages
                               within the message object.
CMC_CT_PARALLEL_MULTIPART      Specifies that the content is one of
                               a group of arbitrary ordered sequence
                               of messages within the message
                               object.
CMC_CT_OLE                     Specifies that the content item type
                               is OLE (Object Linking and Embedding)
                               object content item.
CMC_CT_X400_G3_FAX             Specifies that the content represents
                               Group 3 facsimile images, a sequence
                               of bit strings. Each G3 data
                               component encodes a single page of
                               data as dictated by Recommendations
                               T.4 and T.30.
CMC_CT_X400_G4_FAX             Specifies that the content represents
                               a final-form of document of the sort
                               that is processable by Group 4 Class
                               1 facsimile terminals.
CMC_CT_X400_ENCRYPTED          Specifies that the content is bit
                               strings and encoded in accordance
                               with the basic encoding rules of
                               recommendation X.209.
CMC_CT_X400_NATIONALLY_DEFINED Specifies the content is an
                               information object whose semantics
                               and abstract syntax are nationally
                               defined by a country whose identity
                               is bilaterally agreed by the
                               message's originator and all of its
                               potential recipients.
CMC_CT_X400_FILE_TRANSFER      Specifies that the content
                               information consists of relatively
                               large amounts of data. The content
                               information property contains the
                               textual reference to its semantics
                               and abstract syntax, which are
                               denoted by an object identifier.
CMC CT_X400_VOICE              Specifies that the content is the
                               digitized speech, a bit string. Its
                               encoding are currently not defined in
                               the 1988 X.420 Recommendations.
CMC_CT_X400_VIDEOTEXT          Specifies that the content represents
                               videotext data. Its syntax is
                               defined in the T.100 and T.101
                               recommendations.
CMC_CT_X400_MIXED_MODE         Specifies that the content represents
                               a final-form document of the sort
                               that is processable by mixed-mode
                               Teletex terminals and Group 4 class 2
                               and 3 facsimile terminals.
CMC_CT X-                      Specifies that the content is
400_PRIVATELY_DEFINED_6937     privately defined. The content is
                               encoded in accordance to ISO 6937
                               specified character sets and encoding
                               rules.
CMC_CT_X400_EXTERNAL_TRACE     Specifies the content contains X.400
                               external trace information for
                               diagnostic purpose.
CMC_CT_X400_INTERNAL_TRACE     Specifies the content contains X.400
                               internal trace information for
                               diagnostic purpose.
CMC_CT SMTP_SESSION_TRANSCRIPT Specifies the content contains SMTP
                               session transcript information for
                               diagnostic purpose.

Claims

1. A Universal Messaging system, comprising:(a) a messaging platform supporting an e-mail messaging system and a voice/fax messaging system; (b) a gateway/router connected to a wide area communications network for transmitting objects stored in e-mail and voice/fax message stores of said e-mail and voice/fax messaging systems, respectively, to a Web-based client computing device, (c) a Web platform operatively coupled to said messaging platform; and (d) a large object server operatively associated with said messaging platform, wherein large objects are transmitted to said gateway/router by said large object server whereby said large objects bypass TCP/IP interfacing and wherein small objects are transmitted to said gateway/router via said Web platform.

2. A Universal Messaging system as recited in claim 1, wherein said messaging platform further supports a TCP/IP interface operatively coupled to said Web platform.

3. A Universal Messaging system as recited in claim 2, wherein said Web platform controls the remote client's interface to the messaging platform by accepting requests from the client and passing prescribed types of information back to the client.

4. A Universal Messaging system as recited in claim 3, wherein e-mail messages stored in the e-mail message store are provided to said remote client via the TCP/IP interface in said messaging platform, said Web platform and said wide area communications network; and voice and fax messages stored in said voice/fax store are provided to said remote client via said large object server and wide area communications network, whereby said voice and fax messages bypass said TCP/IP interface in said messaging platform.

5. In a Universal Messaging system operatively coupled to a gateway/router connected to a wide area communications network (WAN), a method for communicating large object messages to remote Web-based clients coupled to said WAN, comprising the steps of:communicating e-mail messages stored in an e-mail message store to said remote clients via said gateway/router connected to said WAN and via a first number of protocol stacks interfacing said e-mail store to said WAN; and communicating voice/fax messages stored in a voice/fax store to said remote clients via said gateway/router connected to said WAN and via a second number of protocol stacks interfacing the voice/fax store to said WAN, wherein said second number is less than said first number and said voice/fax messages bypass TCP/IP interfacing.

6. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein said protocol stacks are TCP/IP stacks.

7. A method as recited in claim 6, wherein said e-mail messages are provided to said remote clients via a Web platform coupled by at least a TCP/IP stack to said messaging platform, and wherein said Web platform controls the remote clients' interface to the messaging platform by accepting requests from the clients and passing prescribed types of information back to the clients.

8. A method as recited in claim 7, wherein voice and fax messages stored in said voice/fax store are provided to said remote clients via a large object server coupled to said WAN, whereby said voice and fax messages bypass said TCP/IP stack coupling said messaging platform to said Web platform.

9. A method as recited in claim 8, wherein said large object server is supported by said messaging platform.