Unsaturated derivatives of 7-acylamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid

The present invention relates to unsaturated derivatives of 7-acylamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, to a process for their preparation and to pharmaceutical and veterinary compositions containing them. The compounds of the invention have the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Z is cyano or carbamoyl;
A is trans --CH.dbd.CH, cis --CH.dbd.CH or --C.tbd.C--;
B is ##STR2## or -S-Het wherein Het is one of the following groups ##STR3## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, or ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl;
X is a free or esterified carboxy group.
Object of the present invention are also the pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) wherein X is -COOH as well as the matabolites provided with antibacterial activity and the metabolic precursors of the compounds of formula (I).
The pharmaceutically and veterinary acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) are those either with inorganic bases, such as, e.g. sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium hyroxides and alkaline and alkaline-earth carbonates or bicarbonates, or with organic bases, such as e.g. organic amines, e.g., lysine, triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl-.beta.-phenethylamine, N,N'-dibenzyl-ethylenediamine, dehydroabietilamine, N-ethylpiperidine, diethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane and the like.
When X is an esterified carboxy group, it is preferably a group of formula -COOM, wherein M is one of the radicals ##STR5## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, Q is --O-- or --NH--, R.sub.4 is an alkyl group (e.g. C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl) or a basic group, in particular an alkyl (e.g. C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl) or aralkyl (e.g. benzyl) group substituted by at least an amino group, which in turn, may be unsubstituted or substituted, e.g., R.sub.4 is an alkyl-NH-CH.sub.3, aralkyl-NH-CH.sub.3, ##STR6## --CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2, R.sub.5 is an alkyl group, in particular a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, e.g., methyl, propyl, isopropyl; an aryl group, in particular phenyl; a cycloalkyl group, in particular cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl; a heteromonocyclic ring, e. g., pyridyl; a heterobicyclic ring, e.g., indanyl; an aralkyl group, e.g., benzyl.
Preferably B is ##STR7## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, and X is free or salified carboxy. Particularly preferred compounds of the invention are those of formula (I) wherein Z is cyano, A is cis-CH.dbd.CH- or -C.delta.C-, B is ##STR8## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above and X is free or salified carboxy; in the latter compounds, A is preferably cis--CH.dbd.CH-- and B is preferably ##STR9##
Preferred examples of the compounds of the invention are the following:
(1) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(2) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(3) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(4) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(5)-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-cephalosporanic acid;
(6) 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(7) 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(8) 7-(carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-cephalosporanic acid;
(9) 7-carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(10) 7-(carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(11) 7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-cephalosporanic acid;
(12) 7-cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(13) 7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(14) 7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(15) 7-cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(16) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(17) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
(18) 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethynylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid,
as well as the pharmaceutically and veterinarily acceptable salts thereof, in particular the alkaline, preferably sodium and potassium, salts.
The structural formulae of the above-numbered compounds, indicated according to their progressive number, are reported in the following Table:
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________Compound Z A X B__________________________________________________________________________1 NC CHCH(trans) COOH ##STR10##2 NC CHCH(trans) COOH ##STR11##3 NC CHCH(cis) COOH ##STR12##4 NC CHCH(cis) COOH ##STR13##5 NC CHCH(cis) COOH OCOCH.sub.36 H.sub.2 NCO CHCH(trans) COOH ##STR14##7 H.sub.2 NCO CHCH(cis) COOH ##STR15##8 H.sub.2 NCO CC COOH OCOCH.sub.39 H.sub.2 NCO CC COOH ##STR16##10 H.sub.2 NCO CC COOH ##STR17##11 NC CC COOH OCOCH.sub.312 NC CC COOH ##STR18##13 NC CC COOH ##STR19##14 NC CC COOH ##STR20##15 NC CC COOH ##STR21##16 NC CHCH(cis) COOH ##STR22##17 NC CHCH(cis) COOH ##STR23##18 NC CHCH(trans) COOH ##STR24##__________________________________________________________________________
the compounds object of the present invention are prepared by a process comprising:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (II) ##STR25## wherein B and X are as defined above and E is amino or a group -N.dbd.C.dbd..PHI., wherein .PHI. is oxygen or sulphur, or a reactive derivative thereof, with an acid of formula (III)
z-a-s-ch.sub.2 -cooh (iii)
wherein Z and A are as defined above, or with a reactive derivative thereof; or
(b) reacting a compound of formula (IV) ##STR26## wherein B and X are as defined above and Y is halogen, or a salt thereof, with a compound of formula (V)
z-a-sh (v)
wherein Z and A are as defined above, or with a reactive derivative thereof; or
(c) reacting a compound of formula (VI) ##STR27## wherein B and X are as defined above, or a reactive derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (VII)
z-a-y' (vii)
wherein Z and A are as defined above and Y' is halogen or the residue of an active ester of an alcohol; or
(d) reacting a compound of formula (VIII) ##STR28## wherein Z, A and X are as defined above, or a salt thereof, with a compound of formula (IX)
h-b (ix)
wherein B is -S-Het, wherein Het is as defined above, or a reactive derivative thereof, so obtaining compounds of formula (I), wherein B is -S-Het, wherein Het is as defined above; and, if desired, converting a compound of formula (I) into a pharmaceutically or veterinarily acceptable salt and/or, if desired, obtaining a free compound from a salt and/or, if desired, converting a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof into another compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof.
When in the compounds having the formulae (II), (IV), (VI) and (VIII) X is a free carboxy group, the carboxy group may be protected, if necessary, in a conventional manner before the reaction takes place.
Examples of protecting groups are those usually employed in the synthesis of peptides, for example, tert-butyl, benzhydryl, p-methoxybenzyl and p-nitrobenzyl. The protecting groups are then removed, at the end of the reaction, in a known manner, e.g., by mild acid hydrolysis.
The compounds of formula (I) containing the protecting groups are also included in the object of the present invention.
A reactive derivative of the compound of formula (II) may be, for example, an amine salt, a silyl ester or a metal salt when X is carboxy. A reactive derivative of the compound of formula (III) is, for example, an acyl halide, an anhydride or a mixed anhydride, an amide, an azide, a reactive ester or a salt, such as, for instance, the salts formed with alkaline or alkaline-earth metals, ammonia or an organic basis.
A reactive derivative of the compounds of formulae (V), (VI) and (IX) is preferably a salt thereof, for example, an alkaline or alkaline-earth metal salt.
When Y or Y' are halogen, the halogen is preferably chloride or bromine. Whe Y' is the residue of an active ester of an alcohol, it is preferably -O-mesyl or -O-tosyl.
The reaction between the compound of formula (II) or a reactive derivative thereof and the compound of formula (III) or a reactive derivative thereof may be performed either at room temperature or under cooling, in a suitable solvent, such as, e.g., acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, dimethylformamide and, if desired, in the presence of a basis such as, for example, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate or a trialkylamine.
When the compound of formula (III) is reacted with the compound of formula (II) wherein E is amino, as a free acid or as a salt, it is desirable that the reaction be performed in the presence of a condensing agent, such as, for instance, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
The reaction of the compound of formula (IV), or a salt thereof, with the compound of formula (IV), or a reactive derivative thereof, for example a salt, is preferably carried out at temperatures ranging from about -30.degree. C. to about + 60.degree. C., preferably at room temperature in the presence of an inorganic or organic basis, such as, for instance, sodium or potassium hydroxides, sodium carbonate and triethylamine, in a suitable solvent which may be, for instance, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, methylene chloride and water. When in the compound of formula (V) the -SH group is not salified, it is preferable to carry out the reaction in the presence of a basis, such as, for example, an alkaline carbonate, an alkaline hydroxide or triethylamine. The reaction between the compound of formula (VI), or a reactive derivative thereof, e.g., an alkaline salt, and the compound of formula (VII) may be performed either in an aqueous medium and in the presence of an inorganic basis or in an organic solvent, preferably in an anhydrous organic solvent, such as, for example, methylene chloride, chloroform, dioxane, in the presence of an organic basis; the reaction temperatures range from about -20.degree. C. to about +50.degree. C.
The reaction between the compound of formula (VIII), or a salt thereof, and the compound of formula (IX), or a reactive derivative thereof, for example, an alkaline salt, is preferably carried out in an inert organic solvent, such as, for instance, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dioxane, acetone, methylene-chloride and chloroform; when a salt of the compound of formula (VIII) is used, e.g., when in the compound of formula (VIII) X is a salified caboxy group, then water or a solvent mixable with water or a mixture of water and organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran are preferably employed. The rection temperatures range from about 5.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. and the pH from about 5 to about 7.5. If necessary, a buffer is used such as, for example, sodium phosphate or acetate. When in the compound of formula (VIII) X is a salified carboxy group, the salifying agent is preferably an alkaline or alkaline-earth hydroxide. e
The optional salification of the compound of formula (I) as well as the optional conversion of a salt into a free compound, may be carried out according to conventional methods, i.e., methods already known in organic chemistry. As stated above, a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, may be converted into another compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof; also these optional conversions may be performed by conventonal methods.
These optional conversions may be e.g., the esterification of a compound of formula (I), wherein X is carboxy, which may be carried out by reacting the compound of formula (I), wherein the carboxy group is free or salified, for example in the form of a sodium, potassium, calcium or triethylammonium salt, with the suitable halide, in an organic solvent, such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methylene chloride, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide, or in a mixture of water and an organic solvent, e.g., dioxane and acetone; the reaction temperatures range from about -.degree. C. to about +80.degree. C.
Furthermore a compound of formula (I), wherein X is an esterified carboxy group, may be saponified using, for example, aninorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid or an inorganic basis, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, as is known in organic chemistry.
The compound of formula (II), wherein E is amino, may be prepared, for example, by reacting 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid or a salt thereof with the compound of formual (IX), using reaction conditions well known in literature.
The compound of formula (II), wherein E is -N.dbd.C.dbd..PHI. may be prepared, e.g., by reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein E is amino, with phosgene or thiophosgene, in the presence of a hydrochloric acid acceptor, using known methods.
The compound of formula (III) may be prepared according to one of the following methods:
(1) by reaction of a compound of formula (VIIa)
Z-A-Y" (VIIa)
wherein Z and A are as defined above and Y" is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, or tosyl or mesyl, with a compound of formula (X)
hs-ch.sub.2 -coor (x)
or of a compound of formula (V) with a compound of formula (XI)
y-ch.sub.2 -coor (xi)
wherein Y is as defined above and R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, preferably ethyl or tert-butyl; when R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl the reaction product is saponified by known methods.
Either the reaction of the compound for formula (VIIa) with the compound of formula (X) or the reaction of the compound of formula (V) with the compound of formula (XI) are preferably peformed in water or in an organic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, benzene, or in a mixture of an organic solvent,e.g., one of those mentioned above, with water, in the presence of about 2-2.5 equivalents of a basis when R is hydrogen and about 1-1.5 equivalents of basis when R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and at temperatures ranging from about -10.degree. C. to about +25.degree. C. A suitable basis is, for example, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate or triethylamine.
When in the compounds of formulae (VIIa) and (V) A is cis-CH.dbd.CH-, a compound of formula (III) is obtained wherein A is cis-CH.dbd.CH-- and viceversa, when in the compounds of formulae (VIIa) and (V) A is trans-CH.dbd.-, a compound of formula (III) is obtained wherein A is trans-CH.dbd.-;
(2) by reaction of a compound of formula (X) with a compound of formula (XII)
z-c.tbd.ch (xii)
so obtaining a compound of formula (III), wherein A is -CH.dbd.CH- (cis or trans).
When the reaction between the compound of formula (X) and the compound of formula (XII) is performed in a protic solvent, preferably in an aqueous protic solvent, e.g. water or lower aliphatic alcohols, e.g. ethanol in the presence of not more than an equivalent of a basis, e.g. triethylamine, an alkaline bicarbonate, an alkaline hydroxide, and at low temperatures preferably about 0.degree. C., a compound of formula (III) is obtained wherein A is cis-CH.dbd.CH-.
When the same reaction is carried out in the same solvents and in the presence of the same bases but at temperatures higher than the room temperature, or in an excess of the thiolate anion, or with the use of acid catalysts, e.g. Hcl, a compound of formula (III) is obtained wherein A is a mixture of cis-CH.dbd.CH- trans-CH.dbd.CH-.
The separation of the obtained isomers may be carried out by the usual methods employed in organic chemistry for the separation of geometric isomers such as, for example, fractional crystallization from solvents such as, for instance, water or lower aliphatic alcohols, e.g. ethanol, or by chromatographic separation.
Furthermore, a compound of formula (III) where Z is cyano may be obtained from the compound of formula (III) wherein Z is carbamoyl either by treatment with a dehydrating agent, such as phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride or triphenylphosphine in an organic solvent such as a mixture of dimethylformamide and ethyl ether, carbonium tetrachloride, triethylamine and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at room temperature or by heating to about 30-120.degree. C. in an organic solvent preferably selected from the group consisting of hexamethylphosphoric triamide and dimethyl sulphoxide.
The compound of formula (IV) may be prepared by reacting the compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (XI) wherein R is hydrogen or with a halide or a reactive derivative thereof. The reaction between the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (XI) wherein R is hydrogen, or a halide or a reactive derivative thereof, is preferably carried out in an aqueous or anhydrous organic solvent such as, e.g., acetone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, chloroform, methylene chloride, dimethylformamide, in the presence of an organic or inorganic basis, such as sodium hydroxide or triethylamine, at temperatures ranging from about -10.degree. C. to about +25.degree. C.
For instance, acid halides, anhydrides or mixed anhydrides, azides, amides, reactive esters and salts may be used as reactive derivatives of the compound of formula (XI) wherein R is hydrogen.
The compound of formula (VI) may be prepared, for example, by reacting the compound of formula (II) with a compound of formula (X) wherein R is hydrogen and using reaction conditions analogous to those employed for the reaction between the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III). The compound of formula (VIII) may be prepared, for example, by reacting 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid or a salt thereof with a compound of formula (III), using reaction conditions analogous to those employed for the reaction between the compound of formula (II) and the compound of formula (III). The compounds of formulae (V), (VII), (VIIa), (IX) as well as the compounds of formulae (X), (XI) and (XII) may be easily prepared by known methods starting from known compounds or, respectively, they are compounds already known in literature.
The compounds object of the present invention own a high antibacterial activity either in animals or in humans against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and are therefore useful in the treatment of the infections caused by said microorganisms, such as, respiratory tract infections, for example, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pleurisy; hepatobiliary and abdominal infections, for example, cholecystitis, peritonitis; blood and cardiovascular infections, for example, septicemia; urinary tract infections, for example, pyelonephritis, cystitis; obstetrical ad gynecological infections, for instance, cervicitis, endometritis; ear, nose and throat infections, for instance, otitis, sinusitis, parotitis.
The following Table shows the minimal inhibiting concentrations (MIC) in .mu.g/ ml of the compounds of the invention identified by the codes K 11457, K 13031, K 13101 and K 13107, against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in comparison with the known compounds K 9227 and K 10299 (which are the most active compounds among those of the British Patent specification No. 1.478.055 corresponding to U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 485,276 of July 2, 1974), Cefazolin and Cefamandole.
TABLE__________________________________________________________________________(MIC .mu.g/ml) Cefazolin Cefamandole K 9227 K 10299 K 11457 K 13031 K 13101 K__________________________________________________________________________ 13107Gram-positive bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus Smith 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.1 0.025 0.025Diplococcus aureus 39/2 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.14 0.14Diplococcus pneumoniae ATCC6301 0.05 0.019 0.4 0.2 0.025 0.012 0.012 <0.006Streptococcus .beta.-haemolyticus C203 0.05 0.019 0.025 0.037 0.025 <0.012 0.012 <0.006Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli G 1.6 2.35 3.1 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.14 0.57Escherichia coli 1507 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.57Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 0.8 0.15 0.4 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.2Klebsiella aerogenes 1522E 1.1 0.4 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.28Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC8308 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4Enterobacter cloacae 1321E 3.1 1.6 3.1 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.56 1.6Salmonella typhi Watson 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.07 0.2Shigella sonnei ATCC11060 1.6 2.35 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.8 1.6Proteus mirabilis ATCC9921 6.2 1.6 12.5 6.2 3.1 0.8 0.4 0.4__________________________________________________________________________ Cefazolin = 7-(1-(1H)-tetrazolylacetamido)-3-[2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-thiometyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; Cefamandole = 7-D-mandelamido-3-{[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-thio]-methyl}-3-cephem-4-arboxylic acid; K 9227 = 7-[(cyanomethyl-thio)-acetamido]-3-[2-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)-thiomthyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; k 10299 = 7-[(cyanomethyl-thio)-acetamido]-3-[5-(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl)-thiomthyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; K 11457 = 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; K 13031 = 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-etrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; K 13101 = 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazl-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; K 13107 = 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-hiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
As is evident from the Table, the compounds of the invention show not only a high activity against Gram-positive bacteria but surprisingly they own also a very high activity against Gram-negative bacteria: they are therefore much more useful than the known compounds of the Table, for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as, for example, urinary tract infections and respiratory tract infections.
In particular, the Table shows that the compound K 13101 is about 2 times more active than Cefazolin against staphylococci, about 4.2 times more active than Cefazolin against streptococci (including diplococci) and about 9.6 times more active than Cefazolin against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore the compound K 13101 was tested on a series of 60 strains of Gram-negative microorganisms comprising Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris in comparison with Cefazolin and the compound K 13101 was always found to be more active than Cefazolin. Against the Haemophylus influenzae (Gram-negative bacterium: 7 strains tested), the compound K 13101 was about 6 times more active tha Cefazolin. The compounds of the invention may be administered, either to humans or to animals, in a variety of dosage forms, e.g., orally in the form of tablets, capsules, drops or syrups; rectally in the form of suppositories; parenterally, e.g. intravenously or intramuscolarly (as solutions or suspensions), with intravenous administration being preferred in emergency situation; by inhalation in the form of aerosols or solutions for nebulizers; intravaginally in the form, e.g. of bougies; or topically in the form of lotions, creams and ointments. The pharmaceutical or veterinary compositions containing the compounds of the invention may be prepared in a conventional way by employing the conventional carriers and/or diluents used for the other cephalosporins. Conventional carriers or diluents are, for example, water, gelatine, lactose, starches, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable oils, cellulose and the like. Daily doses in the range of about 1 to about 100 mg per kg of body weight may be used, in various animal species, the exact dose depending on the age, weight and condition of the subject to be treated and on the frequency and route of administration. A preferred way of administration of the compounds of the invention is the parenteral one: in this case the compounds may be administered, for example to adult humans, in an amount ranging about 100 mg to about 200 mg pro dose, preferably about 150 mg pro dose, 1-4 times a day, dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as, for example sterile water or lidocaine hydrochloride solution for intramuscolar injections, and sterile water, physiological saline solution, dextrose solution or the conventional intravenous fluids or electrolytes, for intravenous injections.
Furthermore, the compounds of the invention may be used as antibacterial agents in a prophylactic manner, e.g., in cleaning or as surface disinfecting compositions, for example, at a concentration of about 0.2 to 1% by weight of such compounds admixed with, suspended or dissolved in conventional inert dry or aqueous carriers for application by washing or spraying. They are also useful as nutritional supplements in animal feeds.
Assessment of melting points was somewhat difficult in some cases, as the compounds tend to retain the solvent. In these cases, after the indication of the melting point, the word "dec." (decomposition) was added.
The I.R. spectra were determined in a solid phase on a Perkin-Elmer 125 spectrophotometer, while the U.V. spectra were usually evaluated in a buffer phosphate solution at pH 7.4 on a Bausch-Lomb apparatus. N.M.R. spectra were determined in DMSO (dimethylsulphoxide) with a Varian HA-100 spectrometer with (CH.sub.3).sub.4 Si as internal standard. The following examples illustrate but do not limit the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1
To a solution containing .beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid (2.88 g) and triethylamine (2.8 g) in anhydrous acetone (120 ml) some drops of N-methylmorpholine were added. The mixture was cooled at -10.degree. C. and then pivaloylchloride (2.44 ml) dissolved in anhydrous acetone (30 ml) was added under stirring and then, after stirring for 30 minutes at -10.degree. C., a solution containing 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3 cephem-4-carboxylic acid (6.56 g) and triethylamine (2.8 ml) in 50% acetone (240ml), cooled at -20.degree. C., was added after 30 minutes.
The mixture was then stirred at -20.degree. C. for 1 hour and afterwards at room temperature for 2 hours. The acetone was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was taken up with water, stratified with ethyl acetate and the pH of the mixture was brought to 2.5 with 40% H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.
After filtration, the ethyl acetate was separated and the organic phase was washed with water, dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to small volume.
Ethyl ether was added to give a solid, which was filtered and stirred with ethyl ether. The solid was filtered again so obtaining 5.4 g (yield 60%) of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, m.p. 118-120.degree. C. (dec.);
Analysis: Found: C 39.83; H 3.42; N 21.31; S 20.87: C.sub.15 H.sub.15 N.sub.7 O.sub.4 S.sub.3 requires C 39.80; H 3.33; N 21.60; S 21.20;
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate): .lambda..sub.max = 267 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =411;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f = 0.55 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH= 160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr):
.gamma. (C.tbd.N) conjugated 2200 cm.sup.-1 ;
.gamma. (C.dbd.O) .beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.gamma. (C.dbd.O) sec. amide 1670 cm.sup.'1 ;
N.M.R.: ppm (DMSO -d.sub.6);
3.73 (4H, br-s, -S-CH.sub.2 -CO and 2-CH.sub.2);
3.94 (3h, s, CH.sub.3 -N);
4.33 (2h, q, 3-CH.sub.2);
5.11 (1h, d, 6-H);
5.64 (1h, d, NC-CH.dbd.);
5.7 (1h, d-d, 7-H) J.sub.6H-7H = 4.5 Hz;
7.82 (1H, d, .dbd.CH-S) J.sub.CH.dbd.CH-trans = 16 Hz;
9.28 (1H, d, --CONH) J.sub.7H-NH = 8 Hz.
.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid used as starting material was prepared according to the following methods:
method (A) -- to a solution of 70% thioglycolic acid (2.1 ml) and triethylamine (5.6 ml) in water (50 ml), cooled at +5.degree. C., a solution of trans-.beta.-chloroacrylonitrile (1.73 g) in tetrahydrofuran (7 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, acidified with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4. The obtained precipitate was extracted with ethyl acetate; the extracts were washed with a saturated solution of NaCl, dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, treated with charcoal and evaporated so obtaining an oil which solidifies to give .beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid (2.5 g; yield 88%), m.p.= 81-86.degree. C.,
Analysis: Found: C 41.81; H 3.57; N 9.71; S 22.31: C.sub.5 H.sub.5 NO.sub.2 S requires C 41.94; H 3.52; N 9.78; S 22.39.
I.R. (KBr):
.nu.(C.tbd.N) conjugated 2220 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) acid 1720 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.C) conjugated 1575 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C--H): C.dbd.C trans 930 cm.sup.-1 ;
N.M.R. (DMSO - d.sub.6) : 5.56.delta.(d,NC--CH.dbd.), 7.78 .delta.(d, .dbd.CH--S);
J.sub.ch.dbd.ch(trans) = 16 Hz;
method (B) -- to a solution of 70% thioglycolic acid (0.5 ml) and NaHCO.sub.3 (0.84 mg) in water (50 ml), .beta.-tosyl-acrylonitrile (1.03 g) was added under stirring.
The mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature and filtered. The solution was acidified with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and extracted with ethyl acetate.
The organic phase was dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to dryness so obtaining .beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid (0.65 g; yield 91%).
By purification through the formation of dicyclohexylamine salt a product identical to that prepared according to method A was obtained.
.beta.-tosyl-acrylonitrile used as starting material was prepared by reacting sodium salt of p-toluenesulphinic acid and .beta.-chloro-acrylonitrile in a mixture of dioxane, water and boric acid according to a known method.
EXAMPLE 2
By proceeding according to Example 1 and reacting .beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid with 7-amino-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, yield 68%, m.p.= 100.degree. C.(dec.) was obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 39.66; H 2.91; N 15.25; S 28.05: C.sub.15 H.sub.13 N.sub.5 O.sub.4 S.sub.4 requires C 39.54; H 2.87; N 15.37; S 28.15
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate): .lambda..sub.max = 267 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% = 569.8;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f = 0.54 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH 160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu. (C.tbd.N) conjugated 2215 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O).beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) sec.amide 1675 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 3
To a solution of .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid (1.44 g) and triethylamine (1.4 ml) in anhydrous acetone (80 ml), some drops of N-methylmorpholine were added. The solution was cooled at 0.degree. C. and then pivaloylchloride (1.22 ml) dissolved in anhydrous acetone (20 ml) was added under stirring. The mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 30 minutes, then a solution containing 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.28 g) and triethylamine (1.4 ml) in 50% acetone (160 ml) was added.
After the addition the solution was stirred for 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and afterwards for 2 hours at room temperature. The acetone was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was taken up with water and washed with ethyl acetate. After separation, the aqueous phase was stratified with ethyl acetate and brought to pH= 2 with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.
The residue was filtered off and the organic phase was separated, dried on anhydrous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to small volume; the residue was taken up with ethyl ether so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (2.7 g; yield 60%), m.p.= 113.degree.-115.degree. C.(dec.);
Analysis: Found: C 39.78; H 3.43; N 21.40; S 20.78; C.sub.15 H.sub.15 N.sub.7 O.sub.4 S.sub.3 requires C 39.80; H 3.33; N 21.60; S 21.20.
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate):.lambda..sub.max =273 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1 % =463;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f =0.60 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH= 160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu. (C.dbd.N)conjugated 2210 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) .beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) amide 1680 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C-N)+.nu.(N-H) sec.amide 1540 cm.sup.-1 ;
N.M.R. ppm (DMSO-d.sub.6);
3.68 (2H, q, 2-CH.sub.2);
3.73 (2h, s,-S-CH.sub.2 -CO);
3.94 (3h, s,CH.sub.3 -N);
4.31 (2h, q, 3-CH.sub.2);
5.10 (1h, d, 6-H);
5.63 (1h, d-d, 7-H);
5.72 (1h, d, NC-CH.dbd.);
7.63 (1h, d,=CH-S)J.sub.CH=CH(cis) =11 Hz;
9.2 (1H,d,-CONH).
.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid used as starting material was prepared as follows:
To a solution of .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid (4 g) in dimethylformamide/ethyl ether (3:2; 100 ml), cooled at 0.degree. C., phosphorus pentachloride (5.2 g) was added under stirring, maintaining the temperature between 8.degree. and 10.degree. C. The solution was then stirred for 2 hours between 0.degree. and 10.degree. C.
The solution was poured into ice and the ethereal layer was separated; the aqueous layer was extracted four times with ethyl acetate (4.times. 50 ml). The combined extracts were dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and then evaporated to dryness at a temperature not higher than 40.degree. C., so obtaining a yellowish oil which was dissolved in methanol (10 ml). To the resulting solution the stoichiometric amount of dicyclohexylamine was added, so obtaining the precipitation of dicyclohexylamine salt of .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid which, after filtration, was repeatedly washed with ethyl ether (m.p.= 180.degree.-183.degree. C.).
The salt was dissolved in water/ethyl acetate (5:7; 120 ml) at 5.degree. C.; the solution was acidified by dropwise addition of 40% H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 (10 ml). The resulting solution was extracted three times with ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts were washed with water saturated with NaCl, dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to obtain .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid (2.76 g; yield 77%; m.p.= 90.degree.-92.degree. C.).
Analysis: Found: C 41.70; H 3.63; N 9.64; S 22.25: C.sub.5 H.sub.5 NO.sub.2 S requires: C 41.94; H 3.52; N 9.78; S 22.39.
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(C.tbd.N) conjugated 2220 cm.sup.-1
.nu.(C.dbd.O) acid 1720 cm.sup.-1
N.M.R. (DMSO-d.sub.6):5.4 .delta.(d, NC-CH.dbd.), 7.4 .delta.(d, .dbd.CH-S) J.sub.CH.dbd.CH(cis) =10 Hz.
EXAMPLE 4
By proceeding according to Example 3 and reacting .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio acetic acid with 7-amino-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (yield 63%), m.p. 93.degree.-95.degree. C.(dec.) was obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 39.33; H 2.94; N 15.22; S 27.93; C.sub.15 H.sub.13 N.sub.5 O.sub.4 S.sub.4 requires C 39.54; H 2.87; N 15.37; S 28.15.
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate):.lambda..sub.max =273 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =504;
T.L.C. R.sub.f =0.56 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub. 3 OH:HCOOH =160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(C.tbd.N) conjugated 2220 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O).beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O)sec. amide 1715 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C-N)+.delta.(N-H) sec.amide 1540 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 5
By proceeding according to Example 3 and reacting .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid with 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid, 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-cephalosporanic acid (yield 70%), m.p.= 132.degree.-134.degree. C.(dec.) was obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 45.15; H 3.93; N 10.33; S 15.99; C.sub.15 H.sub.15 N.sub.3 O.sub.6 S.sub.2 requires C 45.32; H 3.80; N 10.57; S 16.13.
EXAMPLE 6
To a solution of .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid (0.81 g) in acetonitrile/dimethylformamide (2:1; 60 ml), triethylamine (0.7 ml) and 2 drops of N-methylmorpholine were added. The mixture was cooled at -5.degree. C. and a solution of pivaloylchloride (0.61 ml) in anhydrous acetonitrile (10 ml) was added dropwise uner stirring. After stirring for 30 minutes at -5.degree. C., a solution of 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (1.64 g) and triethylamine (0.7 ml) in acetonitrile/water (1:1; 70 ml) was added, maintaining the temperature at about 0.degree. C. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour at 0.degree. C., then for 2 hours at room temperature and evaporated to dryness; the residue was taken up with water and stratified with ethyl acetate and the pH was brought to 2.5 with 40% H.sub.3 PO.sub.4. After filtration of the residue and separation of ethyl acetate, the organic phase was washed with water, dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The so obtained raw product was dissolved in methanol/acetone (1:1; 15 ml) and poured dropwise in ethyl ether (200 ml).
After stirring for 2 hours and filtration, 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid was obtained (1.18 g; yield 50%), m.p.= 146.degree.-150.degree. C.(dec.);
Analysis: Found: C 38.44; H 3.71; N 20.68; S 20.03; C.sub.15 H.sub.17 N.sub.7 O.sub.5 S.sub.3 requires C 38.2; H 3.63; N 20.79; S 20.4.
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate): .lambda..sub.max =270 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =471;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f =0.35 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH= 160:20:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(C.dbd.O).beta.-lactam 1780 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) acid 1670 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C-N)+.delta.(N-H) sec.amide 1560 cm.sup.-1. .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid used as starting material was prepared as follows: to a solution of 70% thioglycolic acid (2.12 ml) in 2N NaOH (20 ml), trans-.beta.-chloro-acrylamide (2.11 g) was added portionwise at +5.degree. C. The resulting solution was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature, washed with ethyl acetate; the ethyl acetate was separated, the aqueous phase was acidified with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, so obtaining the precipitation of .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid (1.16 g; m.p. 190.degree. C.);
Analysis: Found: C 37.19; H 4.35; N 8.60; S 19.78; C.sub.5 H.sub.7 NO.sub.3 S requires C 37.25; H 4.37; N 8.69; S 19.89.
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(N-H) NH.sub.2 group 3420,3290 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) acid 1690 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C-H) C.dbd.C(trans) 940 cm.sup.-1 ;
N.M.R. (DMSO-d.sub. 6): 5.9.delta.(d, -CO-CH.dbd.); 7.63.delta.(d,.dbd.CH-S); J.sub. CH.dbd.CH(trans) =15.5 Hz.
EXAMPLE 7
By proceeding according to Example 6 and reacting .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid with 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, 7-[.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (yield 65%), m.p. 150.degree. C.(dec.) was obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 38.35; H 3.72; N 20.43; S 20.17; C.sub.15 H.sub.17 N.sub.7 O.sub.5 S.sub.3 requires C 38.20; H 3.63; N 20.79; S 20.40.
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate):.lambda..sub.max =277 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =409;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f = 0.30 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH= 160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr):.nu.(C.dbd.O) .beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) conjugated amide 1650 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C-N)+ .delta.(N-H) sec.amide 1540 cm.sup.-1.
.beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid used as starting material was prepared as follows: to a solution of propiolamide (6.9 g) in water (20 ml) a solution of 70% thioglycolic acid (10 ml) in 20% NaOH (18.9 ml) was added under stirring at about 0.degree. C. The solution was stirred again for 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and then for 1 hour at room temperature. At the end of the stirring the solution was acidifed under stirring with the stoichiometric amount of 70% perchloric acid. After cooling at about 5.degree.-0.degree. C., a solid precipitated which was filtered, taken up with water (45 ml), stirred for 10 minutes, filtered again and dried. 12.6 g of a mixture (9:1) of .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid and .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetice acid were so obtained. The two acids have the same solubility in water and therefore by stirring the mixture with the suitable amount of water it is possible to dissolve all the trans-isomer, leaving still undissolved about 8/9 of the cis-isomer [the purification process can be controlled by thin layer chromatography (acetone/water/acetic acid 180:10:10)]: for instance, by means of three subsequent washings (twice with 50 ml of water and then with 100 ml of water) 10.9 g of the pure cis-isomer (yield 72%), m.p.= 180.degree.-181.degree. C. were obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 37.22; H 4.37; N 8.66; S 20.00; C.sub.5 H.sub.7 NO.sub.3 S requires C 37.25; H 4.37; N 8.69; S 19.89
I.R. (KBr):.gamma.(N-H) --NH.sub.2 group 3450,3210 cm.sup.-1 ;
.gamma.(C.dbd.O) acid 1685 cm.sup.-1 ;
.gamma.(C.dbd.O) amide 1625 cm.sup.-1 ;
N.M.R. (DMSO - d.sub.6): 3.43.gamma.(s, --S--CH.sub.2 --); 5.94.gamma.(d, --CO--CH.dbd.);
6,97.gamma.(d, .dbd.CH--S); 7.16.gamma.(d, -CONH.sub.2); 12.00.gamma.(br-s OH);
J.sub.CH.dbd.CH(cis).sup.=10 Hz.
EXAMPLE 8
By using the same method of Example 6 but starting from carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetic acid instead of .beta.-carboxamido-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetic acid, 7-(carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (yield 47%) was obtained; its structure was confirmed by I.R. and N.M.R. data.
Analogously the following compounds were prepared:
7-(carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-cephalosporanic acid;
7-(carboxamido-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 9
To a solution of cyano-ethynylene-mercapto-acetic acid (1.2 g) in anhydrous acetone (60 ml) and triethylamine (1.24 ml) cooled at -10.degree. c., isobutylchloroform (1.7 ml) dissolved in anhydrous acetone (16 ml) was added under stirring. The stirring was continued for 30 minutes at -10.degree. C., then the mixture was cooled at -30.degree. C.
A solution containing 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (2.8 g) and triethylamine (4 ml) in 50% acetone (120 ml) was then added and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at a temperature between -20.degree. C. and -30.degree. C., subsequently for 1 hour at a temperature between -5.degree. C. to 0.degree. C. and afterwards for 3 hours at room temperature.
The acetone was filtered and evaporated under vacuum; the residue was taken up with water (200 ml) and extracted with ethyl ether (2.times. 100 ml).
After separation the aqueous solution was brought to pH 2.5 with 10% hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water, dried on Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, concentrated to small volume and poured into cyclohexane so obtaining 7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; its structure was confirmed by microanalysis, I.R. and N.M.R. data.
By proceeding analogously, the following compounds were obtained:
7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-cephalosporanic acid;
7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamdio)-3-[(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-](1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
7-(cyano-ethynylene-thio-acetamido)-3-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 10
To a solution containing .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid (1.44 g) and triethylamine (1.4 ml) in anhydrous acetone (80 ml) some drops of N-methylmorpholine were added. After cooling at 0.degree. C., a solution of pivaloylchloride (1.22 ml) in anhydrous acetone (20 ml) was added under stirring. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 0.degree. C. and then a solution of 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.26 g) and triethylamine (1.4 ml) in 50% acetone (160 ml) was added. After the addition, the solution was stirred for 1 hour at 0.degree. C. and then for 2 hours at room temperature.
The acetone was evaporated under vacuum, the residue was taken up with water and washed with ethyl acetate.
After separation of the phases, the aqueous phase was stratified with ethyl acetate and the pH brought to 2 with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.
The residue was filtered off and the organic phase dried on anhydrous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and evaporated to small volume; the residue was taken up with ethyl ether. By filtration, 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (2.5 g; yield 55%), m.p. 125.degree.-130.degree. C.(dec.) was obtained;
Analysis: Found: C 42.77; H 3.96; N 18.27; S 20.87; C.sub.16 H.sub.16 N.sub.6 O.sub.4 S.sub.3 requires C 42.50; H 3.56; N 18.60; S 21.20;
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate:.lambda..sub.max =267 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =458;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f =0.32 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH=160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(C.tbd.N) conjugated 2215 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) .beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) sec.amide 1675 cm.sup.-1.
Analogously the following compounds were obtained:
7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, m.p. 127.degree.-131.degree. C.(dec.);
Analysis: Found: C 42.82; H 3.67; N 18.33; S 20.73; C.sub.16 H.sub.16 N.sub.6 O.sub.4 S.sub.3 requires C 42.50; H 3.56; N 18.60; S 21.20.
U.V. (pH 7.4 buffer phosphate): .lambda..sub.max =267 m.mu.; E.sub.1cm.sup.1% =444;
T.L.C.: R.sub.f =0.28 (CHCl.sub.3 :CH.sub.3 OH:HCOOH=160:40:20);
I.R. (KBr): .nu.(C.tbd.N) conjugated 2215 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) .beta.-lactam 1775 cm.sup.-1 ;
.nu.(C.dbd.O) sec.amide 1675 cm.sup.-1 ;
7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-triazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid;
Analysis: Found: C 42:63; H 3.73; N 18.40; S 20.91; C.sub.16 H.sub.16 N.sub.6 O.sub.4 S.sub.3 requires C 42.50; H 3.56; N 18.60; S 21.20.
EXAMPLE 11
To a solution of 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.28 g) and NaHCO.sub.3 (2g) in 50% aqueous acetone (60 ml), cooled at 0.degree. C., a solution of 2.18 g of .beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thioacetic acid chloride (obtained from the acid by reaction with oxalyl chloride in dimethylformamide at 0.degree. C.) in acetone (30 ml) was added under stirring. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 5.degree. C. The acetone was evaporated, ethyl acetate was added to the resulting aqueous solution which was then acidified with 8% hydrochloric acid to pH 2. The organic phase was washed with water, dried and evaporated under vacuum. The residue was treated with ethyl ether and filtered so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4,-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (2.3 g), m.p. 118.degree.-120.degree. C.(dec.); microanalysis, U.V., T.L.C., I.R. and N.M.R. data of this compound were identical to those already reported in Example 1. By proceeding analogously, also the other compounds of the invention mentioned in the preceding Examples were prepared.
EXAMPLE 12
To a solution containing 7-(bromo-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (4.45 g) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (50 ml), triethylamine (2.8 ml) was added.
After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, trans-1-cyano-2-mercaptoethylene (0.85 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours at room temperature.
The obtained precipitate was filtered off; the organic solution was washed with water, dried and evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residue was taken up with ethyl ether so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.8 g), m.p. 118.degree.-120.degree. C.(dec.); microanalysis, U.V., T.L.C., I.R. and N.M.R. data of this compound were identical to those already reported in Example 1.
By proceeding analogously, also the other compounds of the invention mentioned in the preceding Examples were obtained.
7-(bromo-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid used as starting material was prepared by reacting, using a known method, bromoacetylbromide with 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 13
To a solution containing 7-(mercapto-acetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (4.22 g) in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (70 ml), triethylamine (2.8 ml) was added.
The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature and then trans-.beta.-chloroacrylonitrile (0.87 g) dissolved in CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (15 ml) was added.
After stirring for 4 hours at room temperature, the obtained precipitate was filtered off and the organic solution was washed with water, dried and evaporated to dryness under vacuum; the residue was taken up with ethyl ether, so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(trans)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.6 g), m.p. 118.degree.-120.degree. C. (dec.).; microanalysis, U.V., T.L.C., I.R. and N.M.R. data of this compound were identical to those already reported in Example 1. By proceeding analogously, also the other compounds of the invention mentioned in the preceding Examples were obtained.
EXAMPLE 14
To a solution of sodium salt of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-cephalosporanic acid (4.19 g) in acetone (40 ml) and pH 7 buffer phosphate (200 ml), 5-mercapto-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazole (1.3 g) and NaHCO.sub.3 (1.84 g) were added and the mixture was stirred for 6 hours at 60.degree. C.
After cooling, stratification with ethyl acetate and acidification with 10% hydrochloric acid, the pH was brought to 2. The two phases system was filtered and the organic phase separated. The aqueous phase was brought to pH= 4.5 with 10% ammonium hydrate and extracted with ethyl acetate; the extracts were washed with water, dried and evaporated to dryness, so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (yield 65%), m.p. 113.degree.-115.degree. C. (dec.); microanalysis, U.V., T.L.C., I.R. and N.M.R. data of this compound were identical to those already reported in Example 3.
By proceeding analogously, also the other compounds of the invention mentioned in the preceding Examples were obtained.
EXAMPLE 15
To a solution of .beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetic acid (1.44 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 ml), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (2.1 g) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. To this mixture, a solution of 7-amino-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3.28 g) and NaHCO.sub.3 (0.84 g) in tetrahydrofuran/water (1:1; 60 ml) was added. After stirring for 3 hours at room temperature the tetrahydrofuran was evaporated under vacuum; the residue was taken up with water and the dicyclohexyl-urea was filtered off.
The filtrate was stratified with ethyl acetate, acidified with 20% H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 to pH 2.5; the organic layer was separated, washed with water, evaporated to small volume and then ethyl ether was added to give a solid which was filtered and then stirred with ethyl ether so obtaining 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid, m.p. 113.degree.-115.degree. C. (dec.); microanalysis, U.V., T.L.C.,I.R. and N.M.R. data were identical to those already reported in Example 3.
By proceeding analogously, also the other compounds of the invention mentioned in the preceding Examples were obtained.
EXAMPLE 16
To an aqueous suspension of 7--[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (4.53 g) in water (80 ml), the stoichiometric amount of NaHCO.sub.3 was added, so obtaining the complete solution of the compound. This solution was then lyophilized so obtaining sodium salt of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 17
To a solution of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (1.13 g) in ethyl acetate (30 ml), the stoichiometric amount of a 30% solution of sodium 2-ethyl-hexanoate in isopropyl alcohol was added.
After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, the mixture was diluted with petroleum ether and the obtained precipitate was filtered to give sodium salt of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 18
To a suspension of sodium salt of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (2.38 g) in acetone (40 ml), a 10% solution of sodium iodide in water (0.4 ml) and chloromethylpivalate (0.72 ml) was added.
The suspension was heated for 3 hours under reflux and after coolingat 5.degree. C., the solid was filtered off and the resulting solution evaporated under vacuum. The oily residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml), the resulting solution washed with a 5% solution of NaHCO.sub.3 in water and then with water, dried and evaporated to dryness so obtaining the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid.
EXAMPLE 19
An injectable pharmaceutical composition was performed by dissolving 100-500 mg of sodium 7-[.beta.-cyano-ethylene(cis)-thio-acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)-thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate in sterile water or steril normal saline solution (1-2 ml).

Number	Date	Country
818209	Nov 1974	BEX
1478055	Jun 1977	GBX

Unsaturated derivatives of 7-acylamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid

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