Patent Application
20170091002
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a computer program product, system, and method for upgrading a kernel or kernel module with a configured persistent memory unused by the kernel.
2. Description of the Related Art
One issue with current computer systems, especially enterprise systems, is how to perform a hot upgrade of components with minimal disruption to application operations, such as a user space application, kernel modules, and the kernel. Upgrading certain components, such as the kernel, requires a system boot, which may result in loss of application data in shared memory segments and driver memory pools and otherwise disrupt application operations. A hot upgrade of the kernel also needs to be performed quickly to minimize the impact on application programs.
There is a need in the art for improved techniques for managing updating a kernel in memory.
Provided are a computer program product, system, and method for upgrading a kernel or kernel module with a configured persistent memory unused by the kernel. A persistent memory space is configured in the memory to store application data from applications in user mode. A kernel executing in the memory is prevented from accessing the persistent memory space. A service is called to load an updated kernel in the memory to replace the kernel, wherein the applications have access to the persistent memory space after the updated kernel is loaded.
Described embodiments provide techniques for upgrading any component that requires a boot, including kernel and kernel modules, without affecting data of the component in a persistent memory space. A kernel service is used to handle the mapping and unmapping of memory for the persistent memory space in order to store data for user applications. The persistent memory space is used by applications, including user space applications, and may be configured by a kernel module. During a hot upgrade, system reboot or other boot operation, a service is called to load an updated version of an application, such as the kernel, to replace the current version of the application. User applications have access to the persistent memory space after the updated kernel is loaded because the application data in the persistent memory space will not have been disturbed by the uploading of a new updated application or kernel. The kernel is not provided a memory allocation to the persistent memory to be able to access the persistent memory to alter application data stored in the persistent memory during the upgrade.
The processor 102 and memory 104 may further be coupled to a bus 132 that connects to a plurality of devices 1261 . . . 126n, such as the devices for which the device drivers 112 are provided. The computer system 100 may further include an Input/Output interface 128 to communicate with one or more storage devices 130. The processor 102 may execute the different modules and components 118, 120, 122, 124110, 112 loaded in the memory 104.
The memory device 104 may comprise suitable devices known in the art for functioning as a main memory of a computer system, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), storage-class memory (SCM), Phase Change Memory (PCM), resistive random access memory (RRAM), spin transfer torque memory (STM-RAM), conductive bridging RAM (CBRAM), etc.
The storage 130 may comprise a suitable storage device known in the art providing non-volatile storage, such as a magnetic hard disk, solid state drive (SSD), and other storage devices known in the art.
A page table 134 provides information on pages configured in the memory 104 providing a mapping of logical to physical addresses.
The persistent memory 108 is comprised of pages i configured to have a void kernel address 208 and a status 210 of reserved which prevents the kernel 118 from accessing that page. The pages in the persistent memory 108 are accessible in user mode, such as to the applications 110 and device drivers 112. Although the kernel 118 is prevented from accessing pages in the persistent memory 118 by not having been allocated memory, kernel services, such as the extended kernel memory server 122, e.g., XMEM, can map and unmap pages to the persistent memory 108 as part of memory management operations. XMEM provides an implementation of the persistent memory 108 comprising a persistent shared memory that retains data through a boot operation. The persistent memory 108 allows a “hot upgrade of the kernel 118 without loss of data in the persistent memory 108 used by applications 110 and device drivers 110.
The reservation of the persistent memory 108 can be performed by the kernel 118 during startup or by a Basic Input Output System (BIOS) firmware, a hypervisor or virtual machine manager or any other program that runs before the kernel during a boot or initialization procedure.
The extended kernel memory service 122 may configure (at block 304) the persistent memory 108 to include extra-large pages, such as at least one gigabyte of contiguous memory addresses in the memory 104. Configuring large pages of contiguous memory improves speed and performance by decreasing the memory mapping times on the order from a few seconds to 30 microseconds.
The extended kernel memory service 122 may comprise the XMEM service, and may handle the mapping and unmapping of the persistent memory 108 regions, and free unused pages, i.e., pages 200i having a zero reference count 206. Configuring extra-large memory pages results in substantial decreases in the mapping times. Further by configuring contiguous memory space to the pages in the persistent memory 108, contiguous memory regions may be passed to devices 1261 . . . 126n, such as hardware cards, that operate more optimally with contiguous memory spaces. Thus, configuring large pages of contiguous space in the memory 104 improves page mapping and swapping operations and improves the performance of applications and devices that operate more optimally with contiguous memory addresses, such as by performing sequential access operations.
By configuring the persistent memory space 108 to prevent use by the kernel 118 through a regular kernel memory allocation, the updating of the kernel 118 will not disturb application 114 and device 116 data used by applications 110 and device drivers 112 because the kernel 118 is prevented from accessing the persistent memory space 108. Further, the persistent memory space 108 is configured to survive a “hot update” of the kernel 118 or rebooting of the system 100. For instance, after the kernel 118 is updated with the updated kernel 120, the applications 110 and device drivers 112 can continue operations without disruption in the state they were operating before the update operation.
Described embodiments provide techniques for updating a kernel in a manner that minimizes disruptions to application programs by maintaining a persistent memory space accessible to the user space, such as applications and device drivers, that is not accessible to the kernel through a kernel memory allocation. In this way, the updating of the kernel does not affect the application data in the persistent memory.
The network 506 over which devices communicate may comprise a network such as a local area network (LAN), storage area network (SAN), wide area network (WAN), cloud computing model, etc. In further embodiments, some or all of the devices in
The storages 510 in
The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The letter designators, such as i and n, used to designate a number of instances of an element may indicate a variable number of instances of that element when used with the same or different elements.
The computer system 100 and computational components of
As shown in
Computer system/server 602 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer system/server 602, and it includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.
System memory 606 can include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 610 and/or cache memory 612. Computer system/server 602 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 613 can be provided for reading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media (not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile optical disk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided. In such instances, each can be connected to bus 608 by one or more data media interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below, memory 606 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiments of the invention.
Program/utility 614, having a set (at least one) of program modules 616, may be stored in memory 606 by way of example, and not limitation, as well as an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data or some combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networking environment. The components of the computer 602 may be implemented as program modules 616 which generally carry out the functions and/or methodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein. The systems of
Computer system/server 602 may also communicate with one or more external devices 618 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 620, etc.; one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computer system/server 602; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable computer system/server 602 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output (I/O) interfaces 622. Still yet, computer system/server 602 can communicate with one or more networks such as a local area network (LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g., the Internet) via network adapter 624. As depicted, network adapter 624 communicates with the other components of computer system/server 602 via bus 608. It should be understood that although not shown, other hardware and/or software components may be used in conjunction with computer system/server 602. Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.
The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “some embodiments”, and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the present invention(s)” unless expressly specified otherwise.
The terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise.
The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise.
The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise.
Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.
A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention.
When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of the present invention need not include the device itself.
The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims herein after appended.
