Patent Grant
11968018
Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses for uplink control communications for spatial division multiplexing.
Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, or the like). Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
A wireless network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment (UEs). A UE may communicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS. As will be described in more detail herein, a BS may be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP), a New Radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, or the like.
The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different user equipment to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.
So that the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to aspects, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for spatial division multiplexing (SDM), a downlink communication; and transmitting, via a second beam of the set of beams, uplink control information (UCI) associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a base station includes transmitting, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and receiving, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, a UE for wireless communication includes a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: receive, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and transmit, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, a base station for wireless communication includes a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: transmit, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and receive, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a UE, cause the UE to: receive, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and transmit, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a base station, cause the base station to: transmit, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and receive, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and means for transmitting, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; and means for receiving, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and appendix.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificial intelligence-enabled devices). Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders, or summers). It is intended that aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
It should be noted that while aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with a 5G or NR radio access technology (RAT), aspects of the present disclosure can be applied to other RATs, such as a 3G RAT, a 4G RAT, and/or a RAT subsequent to 5G (e.g., 6G).
A BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). ABS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. ABS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS. In the example shown in
In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS. In some aspects, the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces, such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network, using any suitable transport network.
Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS). A relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs. In the example shown in
Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, such as macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, or the like. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impacts on interference in wireless network 100. For example, macro BSs may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).
A network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may provide coordination and control for these BSs. Network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs via a backhaul. The BSs may also communicate with one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul.
UEs 120 (e.g., 120a, 120b, 120c) may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile. A UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, or the like. A UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
Some UEs may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, and/or location tags, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components and/or memory components. In some aspects, the processor components and the memory components may be coupled together. For example, the processor components (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory components (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, and/or electrically coupled.
In general, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. A RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, or the like. A frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, or the like. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another). For example, the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol or a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol), and/or a mesh network. In this case, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the base station 110.
Devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided based on frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, channels, or the like. For example, devices of wireless network 100 may communicate using an operating band having a first frequency range (FR1), which may span from 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz, and/or may communicate using an operating band having a second frequency range (FR2), which may span from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are sometimes referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to as a “sub-6 GHz” band. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to as a “millimeter wave” band despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. Thus, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies less than 6 GHz, frequencies within FR1, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., greater than 7.125 GHz). Similarly, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like, if used herein, may broadly represent frequencies within the EHF band, frequencies within FR2, and/or mid-band frequencies (e.g., less than 24.25 GHz). It is contemplated that the frequencies included in FR1 and FR2 may be modified, and techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
As indicated above,
At base station 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and/or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.
At UE 120, antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from base station 110 and/or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively. Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280. The term “controller/processor” may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. A channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, and/or a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter, among other examples. In some aspects, one or more components of UE 120 may be included in a housing 284.
Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller/processor 290, and memory 292. Network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. Network controller 130 may communicate with base station 110 via communication unit 294.
Antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t and/or antennas 252a through 252r) may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, antenna groups, sets of antenna elements, and/or antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include a set of coplanar antenna elements and/or a set of non-coplanar antenna elements. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include antenna elements within a single housing and/or antenna elements within multiple housings. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, and/or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmission and/or reception components, such as one or more components of
On the uplink, at UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports that include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and/or CQI) from controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to base station 110. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 254) of the UE 120 may be included in a modem of the UE 120. In some aspects, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 252, modulators and/or demodulators 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, and/or TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein, for example, as described with reference to
At base station 110, the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240. Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to network controller 130 via communication unit 244. Base station 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule UEs 120 for downlink and/or uplink communications. In some aspects, a modulator and a demodulator (e.g., MOD/DEMOD 232) of the base station 110 may be included in a modem of the base station 110. In some aspects, the base station 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna(s) 234, modulators and/or demodulators 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, and/or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller/processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein, for example, as described with reference to
Controller/processor 240 of base station 110, controller/processor 280 of UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of
In some aspects, the UE includes means for receiving, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; or means for transmitting, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of antenna 252, demodulator 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, modulator 254, controller/processor 280, or memory 282.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for receiving an indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for transmitting one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of: one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam; or means for transmitting data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for multiplexing the UCI associated with the first beam with additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for superimposing the UCI associated with the first beam on the additional UCI, or means for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources.
In some aspects, the UE includes means for transmitting an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for transmitting, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication; or means for receiving, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam. The means for the base station to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modulator 232, antenna 234, demodulator 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller/processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for transmitting, to a UE, an indication to use an uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for receiving one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of: one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for receiving the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam; or means for receiving data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for receiving a multiplexed communication that includes UCI associated with the first beam and additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
In some aspects, the base station includes means for receiving an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for receiving the UCI associated with the first beam.
While blocks in
As indicated above,
A beam, as used herein, may refer to any beam of a beam pair in either uplink or downlink directions. For example, as used herein, a beam may refer to one or more of a UE transmit beam, a base station receive beam, a base station transmit beam, and/or a UE receive beam that are all associated with communications on a same beam path.
The base station and the UE may communicate using the beam pairs simultaneously (e.g., overlapping in time) based at least in part on spatial division multiplexing. In other words, the UE may simultaneously transmit a first communication on a first beam path (e.g., using a first UE transmit beam), a second communication on a second beam path (e.g., using a second UE transmit beam), and/or a third communication on a third beam path (e.g., using a third UE transmit beam). The base station may receive the first communication, the second communication, and the third communication by processing signaling from the UE based at least in part on directions from which the base station receives portions of the signaling.
The UE and the base station may communicate using directional beams associated with frequency bands within, for example, FR2, and/or frequency bands within frequency ranges having higher frequencies than FR2 (e.g., FR4 and/or FR5, among other examples). In some wireless networks, beams may be configured with widths that are based at least in part on frequencies used for communications. For example, a beam may be configured with a relatively narrow width based at least in part on the UE or the base station using the beam for communications on a relatively high frequency band.
The UE and/or the base station may be configured to communicate via a single beam per antenna group or may be configured to communicate via multiple beams per antenna group. For example, the UE and/or the base station may form multiple beams from a single antenna group using multiple phased arrays in the single antenna group, lenses, and/or Butler matrices. The UE and/or the base station may form multiple beams from a single antenna group based at least in part on communicating using frequency bands in frequency ranges above FR2 (e.g., sub-terahertz signals and/or millimeter wave signals, among other examples).
As indicated above,
Communications between a base station and a UE using SDM (e.g., using multiple beams and multiple beam paths) may involve communications of control information between the base station and the UE. For example the UE may transmit UCI associated with each beam, respectively. In other words, the UE may separately transmit UCI associated with a first beam using a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) scheduled for the first beam and may transmit UCI associated with a second beam using a PUCCH scheduled for the second beam, among other examples. Based at least in part on separately transmitting UCI associated with each beam, respectively, the UE and the base station may consume power, computing, network, and/or communication resources to transmit multiple UCI messages via different beams.
In some aspects described herein, a UE may transmit UCI associated with a first beam using PUCCH resources of a second beam (e.g., in an SDM configuration). For example, the UE may receive a downlink communication via the first beam and may provide hybrid automatic response request (HARD) feedback via the second beam. The first beam may refer to a UE receive beam, a base station transmit beam and/or a downlink beam pair. The second beam may refer to a UE transmit beam, a base station receive beam and/or an uplink beam pair that is spatially separated from the first beam (e.g., uses a different beam path).
In some aspects, the UE may transmit the UCI associated with the first beam based at least in part on receiving an indication that the second beam is to be used for transmission of UCI associated with the first beam. In some aspects, the UE may transmit UCI associated with multiple beams via the second beam. For example, the second beam may be referred to as a common PUCCH beam that the UE uses to transmit UCI for multiple, or all, beams and/or streams associated with the beams (e.g., for communications received via any UE receive beam).
In this way, the base station and UE may communicate UCI messages for multiple beams via a single beam pair. This may conserve power, computing, network, and/or communication resources that may otherwise be consumed to communicate the UCI messages via different beams.
As shown by reference number 405, the base station may transmit, and the UE may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may receive the configuration information via one or more of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, MAC control elements (MAC CEs), and/or downlink control information (DCI), among other examples. In some aspects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters (e.g., already known to the UE) for selection by the UE, and/or explicit configuration information for the UE to use to configure the UE, among other examples.
In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to communicate using multiple beams in an SDM configuration. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to receive (e.g., from a base station) an indication of a beam (e.g., a UE receive beam and/or a base station transmit beam), of a set of beams configured for SDM, for transmission of UCI associated with one or more other beams of the set of beams. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to transmit UCI associated with multiple beams (e.g., multiple beams of the set of beams) via the beam. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to transmit an indication that the beam is a preferred beam for transmitting the UCI message associated with the one or more other beams. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to transmit one or more measurement reports indicating, for example, one or more beams with an RSRP that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams (e.g., based at least in part on MPE), power associated with the one or more beams, and/or loads of one or more beams, among other examples.
As shown by reference number 410, the UE may configure the UE based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to communicate with the base station using multiple beams in an SDM configuration. In some aspects, one or more beams of the multiple beams may be configured with a rank of 2 and/or may use H/V polarizations.
As shown by reference number 415, the UE may transmit, and the base station may receive, one or more reference signals and/or a measurement report associated with downlink signals. In some aspects, the UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRSs) and/or other uplink reference signals using the multiple beams. The base station may measure the one or more reference signals to determine one or more parameters (e.g., RSRP, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), RSRQ, RSSI, and/or CQI, among other examples) associated with communications using the multiple beams (e.g., for each of the multiple beams).
In some aspects, the UE may transmit the measurement report based at least in part on measurements of the one or more downlink signals. In some aspects, the measurement report may indicate one or more beams with an SINR that satisfies a threshold, measurements of SINRs of the one or more beams, and/or one or more beams with a reliability that satisfies a threshold, among other examples.
As shown by reference number 420, the UE may transmit, and the base station may receive, an indication of one or more preferred beams for transmitting UCI for one or more other beams. In some aspects, the UE may select the one or more preferred beams based at least in part on measurements of the one or more preferred beams and/or or one or more additional beams. For example, the UE may select the one or more preferred beams based at least in part on measurements associated with the one or more preferred beams satisfying a threshold. The threshold may include an RSRP threshold, an SINR threshold, an RSRQ threshold, an RSSI threshold, and/or a CQI threshold, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE may select the one or more preferred beams based at least in part on a reliability metric and/or the threshold.
In some aspects, the UE may transmit the indication of the one or more preferred beams for transmitting the UCI via a UCI communication, one or more MAC CEs, and/or RRC signaling, among other examples. In some aspects, the indication of the one or more preferred beams may include an indication of one or more UE receive beams and/or one or more base station transmit beams. In some aspects, the indication may provide indications of the one or more preferred beams in a ranked order of preference. In some aspects, the ranked order may include a descending order of measured signal strengths. In some aspects, the ranked order may include an ascending order of measured signal strengths that satisfy a threshold. For example, a highest ranked beam may be a beam with a lowest signal strength that also satisfies a threshold (e.g., a minimum signal strength). In this way, beams having higher signal strength can be used to carry data (e.g., a physical downlink shared channel).
As shown by reference number 425, the base station may select one or more beams for reception of UCI. In some aspects, the base station may select the one or more beams based at least in part on the measurement report, and/or based at least in part on loads of the one or more beams, among other examples. For example, the base station may select the one or more beams based at least in part on one or more measurements included in the measurement report, such as indications of the one or more beams having SINRs that satisfy a threshold, measurements of SINRs for the one or more beams, and/or loads associated with the one or more beams, among other examples.
In some aspects, the base station may select a beam for reception of UCI based at least in part on receiving an indication (e.g., from the UE) that the beam is a preferred beam. For example, the beam may be the preferred beam based at least in part on one or more measurements associated with the beam (e.g., an RSRP value for the beam satisfying a threshold, among other examples).
As shown by reference number 430, the base station may transmit, and the UE may receive, an indication of a beam (e.g., a UE transmit beam and/or a base station receive beam) for transmission of the UCI associated with one or more other beams. In some aspects, the base station may transmit the indication via a DCI message, a MAC CE, and/or RRC signaling sent over the beam, the one or more other beams, and/or a preferred beam, among other examples.
In some aspects, the base station may indicate how the UE is to transmit the UCI associated with the one or more other beams. For example, the UE may provide an indication of resources of a PUCCH associated with the beam for transmission of the UCI. In some aspects, the base station may indicate a configuration and/or a UCI type to be used for transmission of the UCI. For example, the base station may indicate that the UE is to transmit the UCI in dedicated resources for each stream and/or beam. Alternatively, the base station may indicate that the UE is to multiplex UCI for multiple streams and/or beams using shared UCI resources. In some aspects, the base station may indicate that the UE is to multiplex the UCI for multiple streams and/or beams based at least in part on superimposing UCI associated with a first beam on UCI associated with a second beam. Alternatively, the base station may indicate that the UE is to multiplex the UCI for multiple streams and/or beams based at least in part on transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources in a single UCI message.
In some aspects, the base station may indicate a mapping of UCI to resources of the beam for transmission of the UCI associated with the one or more other beams. In some aspects, the mapping may reduce or eliminate collisions (e.g., overlapping resources that are scheduled based at least in part on a time relative to a previous communication). In some aspects, the base station may indicate a parameter (e.g., a number of beams of the SDM configuration), where transmit of the UCI associated with the one or more other beams via the beam is based at least in part on satisfaction of the parameter.
As shown by reference number 435, the base station may transmit, and the UE may receive, a downlink communication via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM. In some aspects, the downlink communication may be included in a first stream associated with the first beam. The downlink communication may include communicated via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
As shown by reference number 440, the UE may transmit, and the base station may receive, UCI for the downlink communication via a second beam (e.g., a second base station transmit beam and/or the first UE receive beam). The second beam may use a beam path that is different from the first beam.
In some aspects, the UE may transmit the UCI using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam. In some aspects, the UE may transmit data (e.g., using a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource) of a second portion of the resources of the second beam (e.g., remaining resources after transmitting the UCI). In some aspects, the data transmitted via the second portion of uplink resources of the second beam are included in a PUSCH that is shared with uplink resources of the first beam or another beam (e.g., a third beam). In this way, a transport block may have a size that includes resources of the second beam and the first beam or other beam.
In some aspects, the UE may transmit, and the base station may receive, UCI associated with multiple beams. For example, in a situation where the base station and UE are able to communicate via four beams (e.g., via four beam pairs), the UE may transmit UCI, associated with any number of the four beams. The UE may transmit the UCI for multiple beams via superimposing the UCI for the multiple beams or using different sets of resources (e.g., of a PUCCH), among other examples. In this way, the UE and the base station may communicate UCI for multiple streams over a common PUCCH beam.
In some aspects, the UE may transmit via an additional beam (e.g., a third beam), and the base station may receive, additional UCI associated with other beams of the multiple beams. For example, the UE may transmit UCI for a first beam via a second beam and transmit additional UCI associated with the fourth beam via a third beam, among other examples. In some aspects, the UE may transmit a same UCI via two or more of the multiple beams. For example, the UE may transmit, via a second beam and a third beam, UCI associated with a first beam, a second beam, a third beam, and/or a fourth beam. In this way, the base station may improve reliability of receptions of the UCI messages based at least in part on spatial diversity of the second beam and the third beam.
In some aspects, the UE may receive downlink communications via the multiple beams associated with different base stations or TRPs. For example, the UE may receive, from a first TRP, a downlink communication and may transmit UCI for the downlink communication to a second TRP. In some aspects, the first TRP and the second TRP may be associated with different cells. For example, the UE may receive, via a first beam associated with a first cell, a downlink communication and may transmit UCI for the downlink communication via a second beam associated with the second cell.
In this way, the base station and UE may communicate UCI messages for multiple beams via a single beam pair. This may conserve power, computing, network, and/or communication resources that may otherwise be consumed to communicate the UCI messages via different beams.
As indicated above,
As shown in
As further shown in
Process 500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
In a first aspect, process 500 includes receiving an indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 500 includes transmitting one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam comprises transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam, and transmitting data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the data transmitted via the second portion of uplink resources of the second beam are included in a physical uplink shared channel that is shared with uplink resources of the first beam or a third beam.
In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam comprises multiplexing the UCI associated with the first beam with additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, multiplexing the UCI associated with the first beam with the additional UCI comprises one or more of superimposing the UCI associated with the first beam on the additional UCI, or transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources.
In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 500 includes transmitting an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam.
In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the second beam is the preferred beam based at least in part on measurement of one or more downlink reference signals received via at least the second beam.
In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the SDM multiplexing is associated with communications between the UE and multiple base stations.
In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the multiple base stations are associated with multiple network cells.
Although
As shown in
As further shown in
Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
In a first aspect, process 600 includes transmitting, to a UE, an indication to use an uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 600 includes receiving one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, receiving the UCI associated with the first beam comprises receiving the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam, and receiving data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the data received via the second portion of uplink resources of the second beam are included in a physical uplink shared channel that is shared with uplink resources of the first beam or a third beam.
In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, receiving the UCI associated with the first beam comprises receiving a multiplexed communication that includes UCI associated with the first beam and additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the multiplexed communication includes one or more of the UCI associated with the first beam superimposed with the additional UCI, or the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources.
In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 600 includes receiving an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for receiving the UCI associated with the first beam.
In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the second beam is the preferred beam based at least in part on measurements of one or more downlink reference signals transmitted via at least the second beam.
In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the SDM multiplexing is associated with communications between the UE and multiple base stations.
In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the multiple base stations are associated with multiple network cells.
Although
In some aspects, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with
The reception component 702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 706. The reception component 702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 700. In some aspects, the reception component 702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 706. In some aspects, the reception component 702 may include one or more antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with
The transmission component 704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 706. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 706 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 704 for transmission to the apparatus 706. In some aspects, the transmission component 704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 706. In some aspects, the transmission component 704 may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the UE described above in connection with
The reception component 702 may receive, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication. The transmission component 704 may transmit, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
The reception component 702 may receive an indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
The transmission component 704 may transmit one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
The transmission component 704 may transmit an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam.
The communication manager 708 may manage communications between the apparatus 700 and the apparatus 706. For example, the communication manager 708 may configure one or more components of the apparatus 700 to form a beam for communication with the apparatus 706. In some aspects, the communication manager 708 may perform one or more determinations, based at least in part on received and/or measured information, for communicating with the apparatus 706.
The number and arrangement of components shown in
In some aspects, the apparatus 800 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with
The reception component 802 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 806. The reception component 802 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 800. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 806. In some aspects, the reception component 802 may include one or more antennas, a demodulator, a MIMO detector, a receive processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the base station described above in connection with
The transmission component 804 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 806. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 806 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 804 for transmission to the apparatus 806. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 806. In some aspects, the transmission component 804 may include one or more antennas, a modulator, a transmit MIMO processor, a transmit processor, a controller/processor, a memory, or a combination thereof, of the base station described above in connection with
The transmission component 804 may transmit, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for SDM, a downlink communication. The reception component 802 may receive, via a second beam of the set of beams, UCI associated with the first beam.
The transmission component 804 may transmit, to a UE, an indication to use an uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
The reception component 802 may receive one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
The reception component 802 may receive an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for receiving the UCI associated with the first beam.
The communication manager 808 may manage communications between the apparatus 800 and the apparatus 806. For example, the communication manager 808 may configure one or more components of the apparatus 800 to form a beam for communication with the apparatus 806. In some aspects, the communication manager 808 may perform one or more determinations, based at least in part on received and/or measured information, for communicating with the apparatus 806.
The number and arrangement of components shown in
The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for spatial division multiplexing (SDM), a downlink communication; and transmitting, via a second beam of the set of beams, uplink control information (UCI) associated with the first beam.
Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: receiving an indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, further comprising transmitting one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of: one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam comprises: transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam; and transmitting data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the data transmitted via the second portion of uplink resources of the second beam are included in a physical uplink shared channel that is shared with uplink resources of the first beam or a third beam.
Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam comprises: multiplexing the UCI associated with the first beam with additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 6, wherein multiplexing the UCI associated with the first beam with the additional UCI comprises one or more of: superimposing the UCI associated with the first beam on the additional UCI, or transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources.
Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, further comprising: transmitting an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for transmitting the UCI associated with the first beam.
Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein the second beam is the preferred beam based at least in part on measurement of one or more downlink reference signals received via at least the second beam.
Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the SDM multiplexing is associated with communications between the UE and multiple base stations.
Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 10, wherein the multiple base stations are associated with multiple network cells.
Aspect 12: A method of wireless communication performed by a base station, comprising: transmitting, via a first beam of a set of beams configured for spatial division multiplexing (SDM), a downlink communication; and receiving, via a second beam of the set of beams, uplink control information (UCI) associated with the first beam.
Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, further comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE), an indication to use an uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam.
Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, further comprising receiving one or more measurement reports indicating one or more of: one or more beams, of the set of beams, with a reference signal received power that satisfies a threshold, reliability of one or more beams of the set of beams, or loads of one or more beams of the set of beams, wherein the indication to use the uplink beam that is paired with the second beam to transmit the UCI associated with the first beam is based at least in part on the one or more measurement reports.
Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 12-14, wherein receiving the UCI associated with the first beam comprises: receiving the UCI associated with the first beam using a first portion of uplink resources of the second beam; and receiving data via a second portion of uplink resources of the second beam.
Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein the data received via the second portion of uplink resources of the second beam are included in a physical uplink shared channel that is shared with uplink resources of the first beam or a third beam.
Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 12-16, wherein receiving the UCI associated with the first beam comprises: receiving a multiplexed communication that includes UCI associated with the first beam and additional UCI associated with another beam of the set of beams.
Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein the multiplexed communication includes one or more of: the UCI associated with the first beam superimposed with the additional UCI, or the UCI associated with the first beam on a first set of resources and transmitting the additional UCI on a second set of resources.
Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 12-18, further comprising: receiving an indication that the second beam is a preferred beam for receiving the UCI associated with the first beam.
Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein the second beam is the preferred beam based at least in part on measurements of one or more downlink reference signals transmitted via at least the second beam.
Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 12-20, wherein the SDM multiplexing is associated with communications between the UE and multiple base stations.
Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the multiple base stations are associated with multiple network cells.
Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-22.
Aspect 24: A device for wireless communication, comprising a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-22.
Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-22.
Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-22.
Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more Aspects of Aspects 1-22.
The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and/or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and/or methods were described herein without reference to specific software code—it being understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems and/or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein.
As used herein, satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one claim, the disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c).
No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”).
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| 20220294516 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
